Power grid full life cycle carbon footprint evaluation method, system and device based on LCA

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon evaluation, and discloses an LCA-based power grid full-life-cycle carbon footprint evaluation method, system and device, and the key points of the technical scheme are that the method comprises the steps: obtaining all data of five stages of raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recovery covered by a target power grid system in the full life cycle; identifying typical equipment related to each stage and corresponding list data from all data of the five stages; on the basis of the LCA theory, carbon emission calculation sub-models of the typical equipment in the five stages of raw material exploitation, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation maintenance and retirement recovery are constructed; according to all the carbon emission calculation sub-models, in combination with the life cycle evaluation database, establishing a full life cycle carbon footprint integrated evaluation model of the target power grid system; and operating the evaluation model, and calculating and outputting respective carbon emission, carbon emission paths and key emission reduction node information of the five stages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon assessment technology, and more specifically, to a method, system, and apparatus for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA (Limited Life Assessment). Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there is no comprehensive low-carbon evaluation standard for the entire life cycle of the power grid. Existing research mainly focuses on low-carbon benefit evaluation and lacks a low-carbon evaluation method for the entire life cycle of new power systems. There is an urgent need to build a scientific and effective low-carbon evaluation system.

[0003] The assessment of the carbon footprint of power grids throughout their entire life cycle is of significant research importance. Firstly, by quantifying carbon emissions at each stage of power grid construction, it provides technical support for the green and low-carbon transformation of the power grid, optimizes power grid planning, and promotes the shift of the power system from high-carbon to low-carbon. Secondly, it constructs a carbon footprint accounting method covering five stages: raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling, providing data support for carbon emission management. Finally, it promotes the clean and low-carbon transformation of the energy industry, enhances the power system's capacity to absorb new energy sources, provides a scientific basis for the planning and construction of new power systems, and contributes to ecological civilization construction and sustainable development. Therefore, researching the carbon footprint assessment of power grids throughout their entire life cycle is not only an important measure to achieve the "dual carbon" goals (carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration), but also a crucial technical support for promoting the sustainable development of the power industry.

[0004] The existing technology has the following problems: (1) Insufficient systematic coverage of the entire life cycle: Current assessments of the carbon footprint of power grids throughout their entire life cycle are insufficient in terms of systematic coverage. Existing studies mostly focus on carbon emission analysis of single links or partial stages, lacking systematic coverage of the entire life cycle of the power grid, from raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance to decommissioning and recycling. This makes it difficult for carbon footprint assessment results to provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the entire life cycle of the power grid.

[0005] (2) Challenges in data acquisition and processing: Carbon footprint assessment requires a large amount of multi-source heterogeneous data, including raw material supply chains, equipment manufacturing processes, and power grid operating parameters. However, these data are difficult to acquire and the data quality varies, making it difficult to achieve accurate modeling and dynamic optimization of complex power grid systems.

[0006] (3) Insufficient technology integration and intelligence: Existing methods rely heavily on traditional statistical analysis and lack intelligent and automated tools. There is still room for improvement in terms of methodological advancement and technology integration. This makes it difficult to meet the low-carbon evaluation requirements of large-scale power grid systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain all data covering the five stages of the target power grid system's entire life cycle: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. S2. From all the data in the five stages, identify the typical equipment involved in each stage and the corresponding list data; S3. Based on LCA theory, construct a carbon emission calculation sub-model for the typical equipment in five stages: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. S4. Based on all carbon emission calculation sub-models and combined with the life cycle assessment database, establish an integrated assessment model for the full life cycle carbon footprint of the target power grid system. S5. Run the assessment model to calculate and output the carbon emissions, carbon emission pathways, and key emission reduction nodes for each of the five stages.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the list data includes a list of raw materials, a list of energy consumption, and production process data corresponding to typical equipment.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission calculation sub-model during the raw material mining stage is expressed as follows: ; in, This indicates the carbon footprint during the raw material extraction stage. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. The carbon emission factor of energy type j is represented by n; n represents the type of raw material, and m represents the type of energy consumed. It refers to the utilization rate of materials during the raw material mining stage.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission calculation sub-model during the manufacturing stage is expressed as follows: ; in, This indicates the carbon footprint during the manufacturing phase. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k, n represent the type of raw material, m represent the type of energy consumed in the raw material processing, and p represent the type of energy consumed in the equipment manufacturing process. This indicates the utilization rate of materials during the production and manufacturing stage.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission calculation sub-model during the transportation and installation phase is expressed as follows: ; in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the transportation and installation phase. This indicates the mass of the equipment within the equipment transportation stage i. This represents the transportation distance of equipment transportation link i. This represents the carbon emission factor of transportation segment i using transportation vehicles and equipment; Represents the j-th type of energy. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k, n represent the type of material, m represent the type of energy consumed during operation, and p represent the type of energy consumed during installation. For material utilization rate.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission calculation sub-model during the operation and maintenance phase is expressed as follows: ; in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the operation and maintenance phase. This indicates the actual daily power consumption during the equipment's usage phase, where T represents the operating time. This indicates the electricity consumption for equipment maintenance, EF represents the average carbon emission factor for electricity, and LT represents the equipment's lifespan.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission calculation sub-model during the decommissioning and recycling phase is expressed as follows: ; in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the decommissioning and recycling phase. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of the k-th type of energy, n represent the type of energy consumed in the dismantling process, m represent the type of energy consumed in the material recycling process, and p represent the type of recycled materials.

[0014] A power grid life-cycle carbon footprint assessment system based on LCA includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire all data covering the five stages of the target power grid system's entire life cycle: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. The data identification module is used to identify the typical equipment involved in each stage and the corresponding list data from all the data in the five stages; The phase sub-model construction module is used to construct carbon emission calculation sub-models for the typical equipment in five phases: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling, based on LCA theory. The assessment model building module is used to establish an integrated assessment model of the target power grid system's full life cycle carbon footprint based on all carbon emission calculation sub-models and in conjunction with the life cycle assessment database. The model running module is used to run the evaluation model, calculate and output the carbon emissions, carbon emission pathways and key emission reduction nodes for each of the five stages.

[0015] A power grid life-cycle carbon footprint assessment device based on LCA includes: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor, and the processor implements the above-described method when executing the computer program.

[0016] In summary, this invention offers the following advantages: It employs life cycle assessment theory to systematically evaluate the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle, enabling comprehensive and accurate quantification of carbon emissions from typical power grid equipment at each stage. Through in-depth research into the composition and characteristics of carbon emissions across the five stages of "raw material extraction - production and manufacturing - transportation and installation - operation and maintenance - decommissioning and recycling," it scientifically quantifies the carbon emission intensity at each stage of the power grid's life cycle from four levels: materials, energy, processes, and equipment. This achieves a comprehensive assessment of the power grid's carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle. This method accurately identifies key emission reduction nodes, providing reliable data support for the low-carbon optimization of the power grid system. Furthermore, by combining professional life cycle assessment software, a power grid life cycle carbon footprint assessment model is established, further ensuring the reliability of the database and the accuracy and efficiency of the carbon footprint assessment. The research results of this invention not only provide a scientific basis for the management of carbon emissions throughout the power grid's entire life cycle but also provide technical support for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, possessing significant theoretical value and practical application significance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 A diagram illustrating carbon emissions at each stage of the power grid's entire life cycle; Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the proportion of carbon emissions at each stage in the total carbon emissions of the power grid throughout its life cycle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, various embodiments of the invention can be conceived by those skilled in the art without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more thorough understanding of the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and, together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to illustrate the innovative concept of the invention.

[0019] This invention studies the carbon emission composition and characteristics of five stages: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. From the four levels of materials, energy, process, and equipment, it quantifies the carbon emission intensity of typical equipment in each stage of the power grid's entire life cycle, identifies key drivers of carbon emissions such as carbon emission intensity in material production processes, construction energy consumption, equipment energy efficiency, and energy structure, clarifies the carbon emission pathways at each stage, establishes a carbon footprint accounting model for the entire life cycle of the power grid, and identifies key emission reduction nodes based on the dynamic characteristics of carbon emissions at each stage, providing data support for low-carbon optimization.

[0020] To meet the above requirements, such as Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain all data covering the five stages of the target power grid system's entire life cycle: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. Specifically, the research will examine the entire lifecycle of the power grid, from the five stages of "raw material mining - production and manufacturing - transportation and installation - operation and maintenance - decommissioning and recycling", to obtain detailed process data on the power grid from its initial construction to its eventual disposal and recycling. S2. From all the data in the five stages, identify the typical equipment involved in each stage and the corresponding list data; the list data includes the raw material list, energy consumption list and production process data corresponding to the typical equipment.

[0021] Specifically, the main equipment involved in the entire life cycle of the power grid is statistically analyzed, and the types and quality of raw materials used, the energy consumed and the production processes of these typical equipment are identified in five stages.

[0022] S3. Based on LCA theory, a carbon emission calculation sub-model is constructed for typical equipment in five stages: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. For typical equipment identified throughout the entire lifecycle of the power grid, this paper analyzes the types and quality of raw materials used, the energy consumed, and the production processes involved in the three stages of "raw material mining - manufacturing - decommissioning and recycling" from three levels: materials, energy, and technology. Based on life cycle assessment theory, the carbon trajectory of typical power grid equipment throughout its entire lifecycle is evaluated, as follows: Carbon emissions during the raw material extraction stage primarily originate from ore mining, transportation, and preliminary processing. Therefore, in the raw material extraction stage, assuming the ore mining and transportation process requires n types of materials and the preliminary processing consumes m types of energy, and considering that some materials can be recycled at this stage, the material utilization rate is assumed to be... The carbon emission calculation sub-model for the raw material extraction stage is expressed as: ; in, This indicates the carbon footprint during the raw material extraction stage. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. This represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j.

[0023] Carbon emissions during the manufacturing stage primarily originate from raw material smelting, processing, and equipment manufacturing. Therefore, in the manufacturing stage, assuming that n types of materials and m types of energy are consumed in the raw material smelting and processing, and p types of energy are required in the equipment manufacturing process, and also assuming that some materials can be recycled during this stage, and assuming a material utilization rate of... The carbon emission calculation sub-model for the manufacturing stage is expressed as: ; in, This indicates the carbon footprint during the manufacturing phase. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. This represents the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k.

[0024] During the decommissioning and recycling phase, carbon emissions primarily originate from equipment dismantling and material recycling processes. From a life-cycle perspective, the decommissioning and recycling phase also needs to consider the substitution effect of recyclable materials after equipment dismantling on the carbon footprint of the raw material mining, manufacturing, and transportation / installation phases. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement this carbon footprint calculation during the decommissioning and recycling phase. Assuming that n types of energy are consumed during equipment dismantling, m types of energy are consumed during material recycling, and p types of materials can be recycled after dismantling, the carbon emission calculation sub-model for the decommissioning and recycling phase is expressed as: ; in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the decommissioning and recycling phase. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. This represents the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k.

[0025] For the typical equipment involved, transportation, installation, operation, and maintenance are inevitably involved throughout the entire life cycle of the power grid. Therefore, in the application context of the power grid, life cycle assessment theory is used to evaluate the carbon trajectory of typical power grid equipment in the two stages of "transportation and installation - operation and maintenance," as follows: Carbon emissions during the transportation and installation phase primarily originate from equipment transportation, construction machinery operation, and energy consumption during installation. Therefore, assuming that m types of energy are consumed during construction machinery operation and p types of energy are required during installation, similar to the raw material extraction and manufacturing phases, material recycling will offset a portion of the carbon footprint. Assuming a material utilization rate of [percentage missing] in this phase... During equipment transportation, the carbon footprint is related to parameters such as the carbon emission coefficients of different transportation modes, the choice of transportation vehicles, and the distance from the manufacturer to the installation point. Therefore, the carbon emission calculation sub-model for the transportation and installation phase is expressed as: ; in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the transportation and installation phase. This indicates the mass of the equipment within the equipment transportation stage i. This represents the transportation distance of equipment transportation link i. This represents the carbon emission factor of transportation segment i using transportation vehicles and equipment; Represents the j-th type of energy. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k, n represent the type of material, m represent the type of energy consumed during operation, and p represent the type of energy consumed during installation. For material utilization rate.

[0026] Carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase primarily originate from the energy consumption of power grid equipment during operation and the energy consumed during maintenance. Therefore, assuming the equipment's lifespan is LT years, the carbon emission calculation sub-model for the operation and maintenance phase is expressed as follows: ; in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the operation and maintenance phase. This indicates the actual daily power consumption during the equipment's usage phase, where T represents the operating time. This indicates the electricity consumption for equipment maintenance, and EF represents the average carbon emission factor for electricity.

[0027] The full life-cycle carbon footprint at the power grid level can be represented as: .

[0028] S4. Based on all carbon emission calculation sub-models and combined with the life cycle assessment database, establish an integrated assessment model for the full life cycle carbon footprint of the target power grid system. Specifically, by combining the database and recognition results of SimaPro professional software, the carbon emission calculation sub-model of the power grid full life cycle carbon footprint assessment stage based on life cycle assessment theory in S3 is modeled in SimaPro to establish a power grid full life cycle carbon footprint assessment model.

[0029] S5. Run the assessment model to calculate and output the carbon emissions, carbon emission pathways, and key emission reduction nodes for each of the five stages.

[0030] Specifically, a full life-cycle carbon footprint assessment model for the power grid is run, and assessment results are provided based on specific applications to obtain the full life-cycle carbon footprint of the power grid and clarify the carbon emission pathways at each stage. Based on the carbon emission characteristics at each stage, key emission reduction nodes are identified to provide data support for low-carbon optimization.

[0031] As one embodiment of the present invention: Step 1: Acquisition of power grid operation trajectory data throughout its entire life cycle.

[0032] To achieve a comprehensive accounting of the carbon footprint of a substation throughout its entire lifecycle, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the carbon emissions of various equipment at each stage of their lifecycle, through historical case studies and actual data collection.

[0033] Step 2: This example assumes a 110kV substation. The following are the equipment and related information to be considered for the full life-cycle carbon footprint accounting of this type of substation, i.e., identifying typical equipment and their corresponding inventory data: The core equipment of a substation includes transformers, switchgear, control and protection equipment, reactive power compensation equipment, AC / DC power supply equipment, and transmission lines.

[0034] Transformers are mainly used to change voltage levels and realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Their carbon footprint accounting needs to cover the stages of raw material mining (such as silicon steel sheets and copper materials), production and manufacturing (such as coil winding and iron core processing), installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance (such as cooling system energy consumption) and decommissioning and scrapping (such as transformer oil treatment and metal recycling). Switchgear (such as circuit breakers and disconnectors) is used to control and protect circuits. Accounting should focus on the following stages: raw material mining (such as copper, aluminum, and porcelain materials), production and manufacturing (such as contact processing and insulation material production), installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance (such as lubrication of operating mechanisms), and decommissioning and scrapping (such as recycling of metal parts). Control and protection equipment (such as relay protection devices and automation systems) are used to realize the operation monitoring, protection and automation control of substations. Their carbon footprint accounting needs to consider raw material mining (such as electronic component materials), production and manufacturing (such as circuit board manufacturing and software development), installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance (such as power consumption) and decommissioning and scrapping (such as electronic component recycling). Reactive power compensation equipment (such as capacitor banks and synchronous condensers) is used to regulate the reactive power of the power grid. The accounting needs to cover raw material mining (such as capacitor materials and synchronous condenser components), production and manufacturing (such as capacitor packaging and synchronous condenser assembly), installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance (such as capacitor maintenance) and decommissioning and scrapping (such as capacitor material recycling). AC and DC power supply equipment (such as batteries and charging devices) provides backup power and control power for substations. Their carbon footprint accounting should include raw material mining (such as lead and sulfuric acid), production and manufacturing (such as battery assembly), installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance (such as charging energy consumption) and decommissioning (such as battery recycling and disposal). Transmission lines (such as cables, busbars, and structural supports) are used to transmit and support electrical energy. Accounting needs to focus on stages such as raw material mining (such as copper, aluminum, and steel), production and manufacturing (such as cable drawing and busbar processing), installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance (such as cable joint maintenance) and decommissioning and scrapping (such as metal recycling).

[0035] Step 3: Conduct a multi-level assessment of the carbon trajectory of typical equipment throughout its entire life cycle.

[0036] Based on the assumed scale of the 110kV substation, Table 1 is a list of the quantities of six types of equipment in the substation and the raw materials of their typical models. Table 1. List of Typical Equipment and Models for 110kV Substations ; For the raw material mining stage, Tables 2 to 7 are the raw material lists for each unit of equipment under the corresponding models of these six typical equipment, as well as the energy consumed in mining and preliminary processing of these raw materials; Table 2. List of raw materials and energy consumption for transformer unit equipment ; Table 3. List of Raw Materials for Switchgear Units ; Table 4. List of Raw Materials for Control and Protection Equipment Units ; Table 5. List of Raw Materials for Reactive Power Compensation Equipment ; Table 6. List of Raw Materials for AC / DC Power Supply Equipment Units ; Table 7. List of Raw Materials for Transmission Lines ; For the manufacturing stage, additional energy consumption is required from raw materials to the final equipment, including processing, assembly, and testing. Based on the aforementioned raw material list, Table 8 provides energy consumption estimates for the manufacturing process of six typical equipment models: Table 8. Energy Consumption in the Production and Manufacturing Process ; During the decommissioning and recycling phase, the ratio of material recycling to waste disposal, as well as the waste disposal method, will affect carbon emissions at this stage. Table 9 lists the recycling ratio of raw materials required for six typical types of equipment and their waste disposal methods. Table 9. Recycling Rate of Raw Materials and Their Waste Disposal Methods ; For the transportation and installation phase, the different modes of transportation (e.g., road transportation mainly uses diesel, while rail transportation uses electricity) and the different types of energy consumption will affect carbon emissions in this phase. Taking the transformer model S11-40000 / 110 as an example, assuming a transportation distance of approximately 200km and a combination of road and rail transportation, and assuming the average diesel fuel consumption of the truck is 0.3L / km·ton, the calculation formula is: Diesel consumption = Fuel consumption rate × Transportation distance × Equipment weight; assuming the average electricity consumption of rail transportation is 0.002 kWh / km·ton, the calculation formula is: Electricity consumption = Electricity consumption rate × Transportation distance × Equipment weight; Installation equipment typically includes cranes, welding machines, cutting machines, etc., assuming the average electricity consumption during installation is 50 kW and the installation time for each piece of equipment is 2 hours, the calculation formula is: Electricity consumption = Average power × Installation time.

[0037] Table 10 lists the energy consumption estimates for the transportation and installation phases of six typical equipment models; Table 10. Energy Consumption During Transportation and Installation ; During the operation and maintenance phase, transformers and battery banks consume significant power, primarily due to their continuous electricity demand. Capacitor banks do not directly consume active power during operation, but their impact on the power grid needs to be considered; during maintenance, they mainly consume power to drive testing equipment and inspection tools. Taking the S11-40000 / 110 transformer as an example, its no-load loss is approximately 120kW, and its load loss is approximately 300kW (at full load). Assuming an average annual load rate of 70% and an operating time of approximately 6,300 hours / year, its annual operating power consumption is: ; The transformer requires periodic inspections using electrically driven testing equipment, costing approximately 10 kW·h per inspection. With two inspections per year, the annual maintenance consumption is 20 kW. The total energy consumption during operation and maintenance is 2,142,000 + 20 = 2,142,020 kW·h.

[0038] Table 11 lists the energy consumption estimates for the operation and maintenance phases of six typical equipment models; Table 11. Energy consumption during operation and maintenance phase ; Step 4: Model the carbon footprint assessment results of the 110kV substation based on life cycle assessment theory from Step 3 in Simapro, and establish a full life cycle carbon footprint assessment model for the power grid by combining the Simapro database.

[0039] Step 5: Run the power grid's full life cycle carbon footprint assessment model to obtain the power grid's full life cycle carbon footprint and the carbon emission pathways at each stage. The carbon emissions at each stage of the power grid's full life cycle and their proportion of the total life cycle carbon emissions are as follows: Figure 2 and 3 As shown in the figure. Based on the above modeling and analysis results, the carbon footprint of the power grid throughout its entire life cycle can be obtained. According to the carbon emission paths at each stage, key emission reduction nodes can be identified, providing data support for low-carbon optimization.

[0040] Corresponding to the above method, the present invention also provides a power grid life-cycle carbon footprint assessment system based on LCA, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire all data covering the five stages of the target power grid system's entire life cycle: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. The data identification module is used to identify the typical equipment involved in each stage and the corresponding list data from all the data in the five stages; The phase sub-model construction module is used to construct carbon emission calculation sub-models for typical equipment in five phases: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling, based on LCA theory. The assessment model building module is used to establish an integrated assessment model of the target power grid system's full life cycle carbon footprint based on all carbon emission calculation sub-models and in conjunction with the life cycle assessment database. The model running module is used to run the evaluation model, calculate and output the carbon emissions, carbon emission pathways and key emission reduction nodes for each of the five stages.

[0041] Corresponding to the above methods and systems, the present invention also provides a power grid life-cycle carbon footprint assessment device based on LCA, comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor, and the processor implements the methods S1-S5 when executing the computer program.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

[0043] It should be understood that, in order to simplify the present invention and help those skilled in the art understand its various aspects, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, various features of the present invention are sometimes described in a single embodiment or with reference to a single figure. However, the present invention should not be construed as including all features in the exemplary embodiments as essential technical features of the claims of this patent.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0045] It should be understood that the modules, units, components, etc., included in the device of one embodiment of the present invention can be adaptively changed to be placed in a device different from that embodiment. Different modules, units, or components included in the device of the embodiment can be combined into a single module, unit, or component, or they can be divided into multiple sub-modules, sub-units, or sub-components.

[0046] The modules, units, or components in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, in software running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art should understand that... In practice, microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs) can be used to implement embodiments of the invention. The invention can also be implemented on computer program products or computer-readable media for performing some or all of the methods described herein.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain all data covering the five stages of the target power grid system's entire life cycle: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. S2. From all the data in the five stages, identify the typical equipment involved in each stage and the corresponding list data; S3. Based on LCA theory, construct a carbon emission calculation sub-model for the typical equipment in five stages: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. S4. Based on all carbon emission calculation sub-models and combined with the life cycle assessment database, establish an integrated assessment model for the full life cycle carbon footprint of the target power grid system. S5. Run the assessment model to calculate and output the carbon emissions, carbon emission pathways, and key emission reduction nodes for each of the five stages.

2. The method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The list of data includes a list of raw materials, a list of energy consumption, and production process data corresponding to typical equipment.

3. The method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon emission calculation sub-model for the raw material extraction stage is expressed as follows: ； in, This indicates the carbon footprint during the raw material extraction stage. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. The carbon emission factor of energy type j is represented by n; n represents the type of raw material, and m represents the type of energy consumed. It refers to the utilization rate of materials during the raw material mining stage.

4. The method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The carbon emission calculation sub-model for the manufacturing stage is represented as follows: ； in, This indicates the carbon footprint during the manufacturing phase. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k, n represent the type of raw material, m represent the type of energy consumed in the raw material processing, and p represent the type of energy consumed in the equipment manufacturing process. This indicates the utilization rate of materials during the production and manufacturing stage.

5. The method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The carbon emission calculation sub-model for the transportation and installation phase is expressed as follows: ； in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the transportation and installation phase. This indicates the mass of the equipment within the equipment transportation stage i. This represents the transportation distance of equipment transportation link i. This represents the carbon emission factor of transportation segment i using transportation vehicles and equipment; Represents the j-th type of energy. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of energy type k, n represent the type of material, m represent the type of energy consumed during operation, and p represent the type of energy consumed during installation. For material utilization rate.

6. The method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The carbon emission calculation sub-model during the operation and maintenance phase is represented as follows: ； in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the operation and maintenance phase. This indicates the actual daily power consumption during the equipment's usage phase, where T represents the operating time. This indicates the electricity consumption for equipment maintenance, EF represents the average carbon emission factor for electricity, and LT represents the equipment's lifespan.

7. The method for assessing the carbon footprint of a power grid throughout its entire life cycle based on LCA as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The carbon emission calculation sub-model for the decommissioning and recycling phase is expressed as follows: ； in, Indicates the carbon footprint during the decommissioning and recycling phase. This represents the consumption of the i-th type of material. This represents the carbon emission factor from the production of material type i; This represents the consumption of energy type j. Represents the carbon emission factor of energy type j; Represents the k-th type of energy. Let represent the carbon emission factor of the production of the k-th type of energy, n represent the type of energy consumed in the dismantling process, m represent the type of energy consumed in the material recycling process, and p represent the type of recycled materials.

8. A power grid life-cycle carbon footprint assessment system based on LCA, characterized by: include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire all data covering the five stages of the target power grid system's entire life cycle: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling. The data identification module is used to identify the typical equipment involved in each stage and the corresponding list data from all the data in the five stages; The phase sub-model construction module is used to construct carbon emission calculation sub-models for the typical equipment in five phases: raw material mining, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling, based on LCA theory. The assessment model building module is used to establish an integrated assessment model of the target power grid system's full life cycle carbon footprint based on all carbon emission calculation sub-models and in conjunction with the life cycle assessment database. The model running module is used to run the evaluation model, calculate and output the carbon emissions, carbon emission pathways and key emission reduction nodes for each of the five stages.

9. A power grid life-cycle carbon footprint assessment device based on LCA, characterized in that: include: A processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method of any one of claims 1-7.

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