A saline-alkali soil improvement system and an improvement method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improvement system and an improvement method thereof. The system comprises an underground drainage unit, a horizontal pipe network of which can be moved to dynamically adjust the salt drainage layout; an above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit, which adopts drip irrigation under the membrane and integrates the liquid amendment injection function; a soil information monitoring unit, which is used for distributed monitoring of multiple parameters such as soil salt content and humidity; and an integrated management platform, which receives monitoring data and intelligently controls the coordinated operation of irrigation, drainage and amendment application; the application realizes real-time sensing, intelligent decision-making and dynamic precise regulation and control of soil water and salt movement, solves the problems of fixed drainage layout, extensive regulation and control and non-durable effect in the traditional improvement technology, and significantly improves the efficiency and sustainability of saline-alkali soil improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of land preparation and soil remediation technology, specifically to a soil improvement system and method for saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a major obstacle to agricultural production and ecological security. Traditional methods of improving saline-alkali land mostly rely on flood irrigation to leach salt, open ditch drainage, or one-time application of large amounts of chemical amendments. These methods have disadvantages such as high water consumption, low salt removal efficiency, short-lasting improvement effects, and easy to cause secondary environmental problems.

[0003] While existing technologies such as single-channel underground salt drainage or drip irrigation under mulch have improved water and salt regulation efficiency to some extent, they still have the following shortcomings: the location of the salt drainage network is fixed after it is laid out, and it cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the spatiotemporal dynamic changes in soil salinity, resulting in incomplete local salt drainage or waste of resources; irrigation decisions rely heavily on experience or fixed procedures, failing to achieve precise and predictive regulation based on multi-source real-time monitoring data; and the application of soil conditioners is not sufficiently coordinated with the irrigation and drainage processes, making it difficult to achieve simultaneous and long-term salt suppression, salt leaching, and fertilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a soil improvement system and method for saline-alkali land, which can sense the dynamics of soil salinity in real time, make intelligent decisions on irrigation and drainage strategies, and adjust the drainage pattern through mobile underground pipes to achieve precise zoned treatment and long-term maintenance.

[0005] On one hand, the saline-alkali land soil improvement system of the present invention includes:

[0006] An underground drainage unit, comprising an underground network of concealed pipes and a collection well; the underground network of concealed pipes is capable of horizontal movement.

[0007] The above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit includes a water source, a water supply network, drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers, and a salt suppression film laid on the ground surface above the drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers.

[0008] A soil information monitoring unit, comprising distributed salinity sensors and humidity sensors buried at different depths in the soil, for monitoring soil salinity and soil humidity data;

[0009] An integrated management platform includes a controller and a user terminal. The controller is communicatively connected to the soil information monitoring unit and the above-ground irrigation and salinity suppression unit. It is used to receive monitoring data from the soil information monitoring unit and control the opening and closing of the above-ground irrigation and salinity suppression unit based on preset irrigation control logic. The integrated management platform can receive data information from the soil information monitoring unit and control the movement and adjustment distribution of the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network.

[0010] Preferably, the above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit further includes a fertilizer tank and an injection device connected to a water source. The fertilizer tank is used to add liquid soil conditioner or fertilizer. The integrated management platform is also used to control the opening and closing of the injection device and the injection volume.

[0011] Preferably, the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network is laid out differently according to the differences in soil salinity distribution within the field, with a denser pipe network spacing used in areas where salinity is higher than the average; the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network is wrapped with straw, and the space between the straw and the outer wall of the underground pipe network is filled with crushed charcoal.

[0012] Preferably, the soil information monitoring unit further includes a pH sensor and a meteorological monitoring device installed on the ground surface; used to monitor soil pH value and weather change data.

[0013] Preferably, the integrated management platform has a built-in or connected intelligent decision-making module. The intelligent decision-making module can dynamically adjust the irrigation amount based on the historical and real-time data of the soil information monitoring unit, and can trigger preventive irrigation instructions when meteorological conditions that lead to soil salinization are predicted.

[0014] Preferably, when the soil pH value or sodium adsorption ratio related parameters monitored by the soil information monitoring unit exceed a preset third threshold, the integrated management platform automatically controls the injection device to inject acidic or calcium-source liquid conditioner into the irrigation system. The third threshold is the pH range suitable for crop growth, the critical value of soil alkalinity (ESP) hazard, and soil buffering performance data as thresholds.

[0015] As one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a brine resource recovery unit connected to the water collection well, wherein the brine resource recovery unit is an evaporation crystallization pond or an ecological absorption pond for irrigating salt-tolerant plants.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali land soil, applicable to the above-mentioned saline-alkali land soil improvement system, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Soil Diagnosis and Zonal Basal Application Improvement: Based on the soil salinity and alkalinity parameters monitored and measured by the soil monitoring unit, improvement zones are established and the application rates of solid chemical amendments and organic fertilizers are calculated. After application, deep plowing is carried out.

[0018] S2. System Layout and Salt Leaching: The saline-alkali soil improvement system is laid out and leached through irrigation. Salt water is discharged using underground drainage and salt removal units to reduce the salinity of the topsoil.

[0019] S3. Precision Irrigation and Planting: Lay salt-suppressing film and start drip irrigation under the film. Implement precision irrigation based on data monitored by the soil monitoring unit, and plant crops at the same time.

[0020] S4. Long-term dynamic maintenance: Add liquid amendments during irrigation based on data variables monitored by the soil monitoring unit, and improve soil fertility by planting green manure or returning straw to the field.

[0021] Preferably, in S3, the precision irrigation adopts a multi-level threshold triggering mechanism, including: when the soil salinity in the main root layer exceeds a first threshold, the leaching irrigation mode is activated; the first threshold is set based on the salt tolerance data of the target crop (obtained from an agricultural database or experiment), the background soil salinity data (initial measurement by the monitoring unit), and agricultural irrigation water quality standards; when the soil moisture content is lower than a second threshold, the moisture-conserving irrigation mode is activated; the second threshold is obtained based on the required soil field water holding capacity, wilting coefficient data (obtained through soil texture query or actual measurement), and the water requirement patterns of the crop at different growth stages.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, a comprehensive improvement index including soil physicochemical and biological indicators is established and the index is monitored over a long period of time. When the comprehensive improvement index of biological indicators is consistently lower than the health standard, it indicates that a new round of improvement cycle, including enhanced chemical improvement, deep tillage, and fallow measures, needs to be initiated.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. This invention uses a horizontally movable underground pipe network, which allows the system to dynamically adjust the drainage layout according to the real-time spatial distribution of soil salinity. This solves the problem of traditional fixed underground pipes being laid for life and having poor adaptability, and achieves optimized allocation of salt drainage resources.

[0025] 2. Dynamic and precise control is achieved in this invention: Based on data from multiple sensors and intelligent decision-making algorithms, threshold triggering and dynamic optimization of irrigation, drainage and soil amendment are realized, which greatly improves the utilization efficiency of water resources and soil amendments.

[0026] 3. This invention considers the collection and resource utilization of drainage salts (such as ecological absorption), and introduces a comprehensive improvement index as an indicator for long-term health management, which reflects the concept of environmental friendliness and sustainable improvement and realizes a technical closed loop for soil improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the system in this invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] like Figures 1-2 The system shown is a soil improvement system for saline-alkali land, comprising:

[0033] An underground drainage unit, comprising an underground network of concealed pipes and a collection well; the underground network of concealed pipes is horizontally movable.

[0034] The above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit includes a water source, a water supply network, drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers, and a salt suppression film laid on the ground surface, wherein the drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers are located below the salt suppression film.

[0035] A soil information monitoring unit, comprising distributed salinity sensors and humidity sensors buried at different depths in the soil, for monitoring soil salinity and soil humidity data;

[0036] An integrated management platform includes a controller and a user terminal. The controller is communicatively connected to the soil information monitoring unit and the above-ground irrigation and salinity suppression unit. It is used to receive monitoring data from the soil information monitoring unit and control the opening and closing of the above-ground irrigation and salinity suppression unit based on preset irrigation control logic. The integrated management platform can receive data information from the soil information monitoring unit and control the movement and adjustment distribution of the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network.

[0037] This invention addresses the improvement of saline-alkali soils. After detecting the salinity and alkali parameters in the soil, a solid soil conditioner is prepared based on the data to adjust the soil in different zones, followed by deep tillage. An underground drainage unit is then installed to drain saline groundwater. This unit includes a network of underground pipes and collection wells. The underground pipe network can be moved horizontally by a mechanical device to adjust its distribution density and location within the underground space, adapting to the salt drainage needs of different periods and areas. Furthermore, a soil information monitoring unit is installed to monitor the dynamic profile data of soil salinity and soil moisture in real time. The salinity of a certain portion of the soil... When soil salinity increases or changes occur, the soil information monitoring unit sends the monitored data to the integrated management platform. The integrated management platform then analyzes the data and controls the horizontal movement of the underground pipe network to alter its distribution. The underground pipe network is densely distributed in areas with high soil salinity and sparsely distributed in areas with low soil salinity, thus enabling real-time dynamic regulation. Simultaneously, the above-ground irrigation and salt-suppressing units are controlled to provide irrigation water and soil conditioners to the soil. These units are also regulated based on the soil salinity distribution data obtained from the integrated management platform, providing different irrigation amounts to different locations.

[0038] The above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit is used to provide controlled irrigation water and soil amendments to the soil and to suppress surface evaporation and salt return. It includes a water source, a water supply network, a salt suppression film (such as plastic film, biodegradable liquid film, etc.) laid on the ground surface, and drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers set under the salt suppression film. Irrigation water or amendment liquid is supplied under the film, effectively reducing ineffective evaporation and acting directly on the crop root zone.

[0039] Specifically, the soil information monitoring unit is used to perceive the soil environmental status in real time. It includes salt and moisture sensors distributed and buried at different depths in the soil (e.g., topsoil, plow pan, subsoil) to monitor the dynamic profile data of soil salinity and soil moisture. Furthermore, the unit may also include a pH sensor and a meteorological monitoring device set on the surface to monitor soil acidity and alkalinity as well as meteorological data such as rainfall, temperature, and wind speed.

[0040] In this embodiment, the integrated management platform is the core of the entire system for receiving information and transmitting control commands. It includes a controller and a user terminal. The controller is communicatively connected to the soil information monitoring unit and the above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit, receives sensor monitoring data, and automatically controls the opening and closing of irrigation valves, irrigation duration, and injection of water, fertilizer, and soil conditioner based on preset or intelligently generated irrigation control logic (such as threshold judgment and model calculation). More importantly, the integrated management platform can also intelligently analyze and generate commands based on the salinity spatial distribution data fed back by the soil information monitoring unit, control the movement of the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network, adjust its distribution pattern, and achieve on-demand salt drainage. Furthermore, based on the salinity spatial distribution data, it controls the above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit to achieve on-demand water conservation and the use of soil conditioner, achieving precise control.

[0041] As one embodiment of the present invention, the above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit further includes a fertilizer tank and an injection device such as a Venturi fertilizer applicator or an electric fertilizer pump connected to a water source. The fertilizer tank is used to add liquid soil conditioner or fertilizer. The integrated management platform is also used to control the opening and closing of the injection device and the injection volume to achieve precise synchronous application of water and fertilizer / water-based agent.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network is laid out differently according to the differences in the initial or real-time soil salinity distribution within the field. In areas where the salinity is higher than the average, a denser pipe network spacing is used to improve the salt removal intensity in that area. The underground drainage unit's underground pipe network is wrapped with straw, and the space between the straw and the outer wall of the underground pipe network is filled with crushed charcoal. The straw layer can filter silt and prevent clogging, while the crushed charcoal can adsorb some salt ions and improve the permeability of the surrounding soil, extending the service life of the underground pipes. Furthermore, the straw wrapping creates natural guide channels due to the seams between the straws, allowing water to flow away quickly and avoiding drainage problems.

[0043] As one embodiment of the present invention, the soil information monitoring unit further includes a pH sensor and a meteorological monitoring device installed on the ground surface; used to monitor soil pH value and weather change data.

[0044] As one embodiment of the present invention, the integrated management platform has a built-in or connected intelligent decision-making module. The intelligent decision-making module can dynamically optimize irrigation amount based on historical and real-time data of the soil information monitoring unit, combined with crop growth model and meteorological forecast data. It can also trigger preventive irrigation instructions when meteorological conditions that lead to soil salinization are predicted. In particular, it can actively trigger preventive irrigation instructions when meteorological conditions that lead to soil salinization, such as high temperature and strong wind, are predicted, thereby increasing soil moisture to inhibit salt from rising to the surface with capillary water.

[0045] As one embodiment of the present invention, when the soil pH value or sodium adsorption ratio related parameters monitored by the soil information monitoring unit exceed a preset third threshold, the integrated management platform automatically controls the injection device to inject acidic substances such as diluted sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, or calcium-source liquid amendments such as calcium chloride or gypsum suspension into the irrigation system. The third threshold is the pH range suitable for crop growth, the critical value of soil alkalinity (ESP) hazard, and soil buffering capacity data as thresholds.

[0046] As one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a brine resource utilization unit connected to the water collection well. The brine resource utilization unit is an evaporation crystallization pond or an ecological absorption pond used for irrigating salt-tolerant plants, so as to realize the resource utilization or safe disposal of drainage salts, avoid secondary pollution, and achieve a closed-loop improvement.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] This invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali land soil, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1. Soil Diagnosis and Zonal Base Application Improvement: Comprehensively measure soil parameters such as salinity, pH, ionic composition, and texture of the plots to be improved, and divide the areas into improvement zones accordingly; calculate the required amount of solid chemical amendments (such as gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, etc.) and organic fertilizers for each area, apply them evenly, and then deep plow to ensure that the amendments are fully mixed with the soil.

[0050] S2. System Layout and Salt Leaching: The saline-alkali land soil improvement system is laid out according to the design; large-scale leaching irrigation is carried out through the above-ground irrigation unit to dissolve and leach soluble salts in the soil downwards; at the same time, the underground drainage unit is used to collect and discharge the salt-containing leachate from the plot, quickly reducing the salinity of the topsoil to the range that the crop can tolerate.

[0051] S3. Precision Irrigation and Planting: A salt-suppressing film is laid on the surface of the salt-washed field and connected to drip irrigation tape; based on real-time feedback of salinity, humidity, and pH data from the soil information monitoring unit, the drip irrigation system is intelligently activated through the central control and management unit. The precision irrigation employs a multi-level threshold triggering mechanism: when the soil conductivity of the main root layer exceeds the set first threshold (salt control threshold), the leaching irrigation mode is activated; when the volumetric water content of the same soil layer is lower than the set second threshold (moisture control threshold), the moisture-conserving irrigation mode is activated; simultaneously, suitable salt-tolerant pioneer crops or target economic crops are planted.

[0052] S4. Long-term dynamic maintenance: During the crop growth period, based on soil monitoring data, liquid amendments are added through the irrigation system to fine-tune soil pH and ion balance; soil organic matter and fertility are continuously improved through measures such as planting green manure and returning straw to the field; the system dynamically manages water and salt based on monitoring data to maintain a suitable environment for the root zone.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the precision irrigation adopts a multi-level threshold triggering mechanism, including: when the soil salinity in the main root layer exceeds a first threshold, the leaching irrigation mode is activated; the first threshold is set based on the salt tolerance data of the target crop (obtained from an agricultural database or laboratory), the background soil salinity data (initial measurement by the monitoring unit), and agricultural irrigation water quality standards; when the soil moisture content is lower than a second threshold, the moisture-conserving irrigation mode is activated; the second threshold is obtained based on the required soil field water holding capacity, wilting coefficient data (obtained through soil texture query or actual measurement), and the water requirement pattern data of different growth stages of the crop.

[0054] As one embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, a comprehensive improvement index is established, which includes indicators such as soil salinity, pH, organic matter, available nutrients, and microbial activity, and this index is monitored over a long period of time. When the comprehensive improvement index is consistently lower than the health standard, it indicates that a new round of improvement cycle, including measures such as enhanced chemical improvement, deep tillage, and fallow, needs to be initiated.

[0055] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil improvement system for saline-alkali land, characterized in that, include: An underground drainage unit, comprising an underground network of concealed pipes and a collection well, wherein the underground network of concealed pipes is capable of horizontal movement; The above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit includes a water source, a water supply network, drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers, and a salt suppression membrane laid on the ground surface above the drip irrigation tape or micro-sprinklers. A soil information monitoring unit, comprising distributed salinity sensors and humidity sensors buried at different depths in the soil, for monitoring soil salinity and soil humidity data; An integrated management platform includes a controller and a user terminal. The controller is communicatively connected to the soil information monitoring unit and the above-ground irrigation and salinity suppression unit. It is used to receive monitoring data from the soil information monitoring unit and control the opening and closing of the above-ground irrigation and salinity suppression unit based on preset irrigation control logic. The integrated management platform can receive data information from the soil information monitoring unit and control the movement and adjustment distribution of the underground drainage unit's underground pipe network. The above-ground irrigation and salt suppression unit also includes a fertilizer tank and an injection device connected to a water source. The fertilizer tank is used to add liquid soil conditioner or fertilizer. The integrated management platform is also used to control the opening and closing of the injection device and the injection volume; When the soil pH value or sodium adsorption ratio related parameters monitored by the soil information monitoring unit exceed a preset third threshold, the integrated management platform automatically controls the injection device to inject acidic or calcium-source liquid conditioner into the irrigation system. The third threshold is the pH range suitable for crop growth, the critical value of soil alkalization hazard, and soil buffering performance data as thresholds.

2. The saline-alkali land soil improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The underground drainage unit's underground pipe network is laid out differently according to the differences in soil salinity distribution within the field, with a denser pipe network spacing used in areas where salinity is higher than the average. The underground drainage unit has straw wrapped around its outer pipe network, and charcoal chips are filled between the straw and the outer wall of the pipe network.

3. The saline-alkali land soil improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil information monitoring unit also includes a pH sensor and a meteorological monitoring device installed on the ground surface, used to monitor soil pH value and weather change data.

4. The saline-alkali land soil improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated management platform has a built-in or connected intelligent decision-making module. The intelligent decision-making module can dynamically adjust the irrigation amount based on the historical and real-time data of the soil information monitoring unit, and can trigger preventive irrigation instructions when meteorological conditions that lead to soil salinization are predicted.

5. The saline-alkali land soil improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a brine resource recovery unit connected to the water collection well, wherein the brine resource recovery unit is an evaporation crystallization pond or an ecological absorption pond for irrigating salt-tolerant plants.

6. A method for improving saline-alkali land soil, characterized in that, The saline-alkali land soil improvement system according to any one of claims 1-5 comprises the following steps: S1. Soil diagnosis and zoning basal application improvement: Determine soil salinity and alkalinity parameters, and based on this, divide the soil into improvement zones and calculate the application rates of solid chemical amendments and organic fertilizers. After application, deep plow the soil. S2. System Layout and Salt Leaching: The saline-alkali soil improvement system is laid out and leached through irrigation. Salt water is discharged using underground drainage and salt removal units to reduce the salinity of the topsoil. S3. Precision Irrigation and Planting: Lay salt-suppressing film and start drip irrigation under the film. Implement precision irrigation based on data monitored by the soil monitoring unit, and plant crops at the same time. S4. Long-term dynamic maintenance: Add liquid amendments during irrigation based on data variables monitored by the soil monitoring unit, and improve soil fertility by planting green manure or returning straw to the field.

7. The method for improving saline-alkali land soil according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the precision irrigation adopts a multi-level threshold triggering mechanism, including: when the soil salinity in the main root layer exceeds the first threshold, the rinsing irrigation mode is activated. The first threshold needs to be set based on the salt tolerance data of the target crop, the background soil salinity data, and the agricultural irrigation water quality standards. When the soil moisture content is lower than the second threshold, the moisture-conserving irrigation mode is activated. The second threshold is obtained based on the required soil field water holding capacity, wilting coefficient data, and water requirement data of crops at different growth stages.

8. The method for improving saline-alkali land soil according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S4, a comprehensive improvement index including soil physicochemical and biological indicators is established, and this index is monitored over a long period of time. When the comprehensive improvement index remains below the health standard, it indicates that a new round of improvement cycle needs to be initiated, including enhanced chemical improvement, deep tillage, and fallow measures.

Images