The invention provides an earth surface and pipe network distributed direct two-way coupling method, which comprises the steps of collecting hydrodynamic data of surface hydrology, and further comprises the following steps: generating an earth surface model and a pipe network model according to the hydrodynamic data of the surface hydrology, the earth surface model being an earth surface distributed hydrodynamic model; and on the basis of the surface model and the pipe network model, a coupling mode between the surface model and the pipe network model is constructed according to the actual composition of the urban drainage pipe network and the data coverage situation, and the coupling mode at least comprises physical coupling and concept coupling. The invention provides a novel distributed direct two-way coupling mode, namely a coupling mode of rainfall-earth surface-pipe network (Sewer), under the mode, the earth surface adopts a distributed hydrodynamic model, rainfall directly acts on earth surface grids, rainfall runoff generation and confluence and accumulated water flooding are calculated based on the unified earth surface grids, and therefore, the accuracy of the rainfall runoff generation and confluence and accumulated water flooding can be improved. Meanwhile, the surface model and the pipe network model are bidirectionally coupled.