Oudemansiella radicata cultivation additive and application method
By using additives such as citric acid, salicylic acid, and sodium acetate in the cultivation of *Mushroom floribunda*, the problems of low yield and easy contamination have been solved, resulting in increased yield and control of fruiting body morphology to meet market demands.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
The cultivation of mushrooms with long roots suffers from problems such as low yield, low substrate utilization, and susceptibility to Trichoderma contamination, and there is a lack of suitable additives to increase yield and regulate fruiting body morphology.
Citric acid, salicylic acid, and/or sodium acetate are used as additives for the cultivation of long-rooted mushrooms. Specific concentrations of additives, such as 280~600μM citric acid, 80~120μM salicylic acid, and/or 380~420μM sodium acetate, are sprayed at different growth stages. The specific method includes spraying once or multiple times after the mushroom bag is cut and/or during the young mushroom stage.
It increases the yield of long-rooted mushrooms, reduces the contamination rate, and can regulate the fruiting body morphology to meet market demand for different grades of long-rooted mushrooms.
Smart Images
Figure CN121647255A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically relating to a long-rooted mushroom cultivation additive and its application method. Background Technology
[0002] Long-rooted mushrooms ( Hymenopellis raphanipes It belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, class Agaricomycetes, order Agaricales, family Physalacriaceae, genus Hymenopellis. A synonym is *Hymenopellis oospores*. Oudemansiella raphanipes *Termitomyces albuminosus*, also known as Dewdrop Termitomyces or Black-skinned Termitomyces, is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements, as well as fungal polysaccharides, triterpenoids, flavourin, alkaloids, taurine, and folic acid. Its active ingredients have effects such as lowering blood pressure and promoting human cell growth. Its morphology, taste, quality, and methods of consumption are similar to *Termitomyces albuminosus*, making it a unique and rare edible fungus with high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value. As a popular variety in the Chinese market in recent years, *Termitomyces albuminosus* is a hot topic in commercial cultivation, with good development prospects and rapidly increasing production scale and yield. However, *Termitomyces albuminosus* has a slow mycelial growth rate, a long cultivation cycle, and is susceptible to *Trichoderma* contamination during cultivation, leading to a significant drop in yield. *Termitomyces albuminosus* cultivation also suffers from low substrate utilization and low yield.
[0003] There have been reports on the application of edible fungi yield-enhancing additives in the cultivation of different edible fungi varieties such as Mushroom, Oyster Shell and Button Mushroom. The types of additives mainly include mineral elements, proteins (amino acids), sugars, plant tissues and plant proteins.
[0004] Due to the different growth characteristics of various edible fungi, yield-enhancing additives used for other edible fungi are difficult to apply to the cultivation of *Mushroom convolvulus*. Currently, research on cultivation additives for *Mushroom convolvulus* is scarce, and there is a lack of additives and products specifically designed to promote fruiting, increase yield, and regulate fruiting body morphology. According to market demands, after harvesting, *Mushroom convolvulus* are graded based on fruiting body morphology, with stipe diameters of 15mm or more, 12mm–15mm, 10mm–12mm, 8mm–10mm, and less than 8mm classified as Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, and ungraded mushrooms, respectively. Different grades of *Mushroom convolvulus* result in significantly different market prices, greatly impacting the economic income of growers. Therefore, researching and developing an additive that can both increase the yield of *Mushroom convolvulus* and regulate fruiting body morphology is of great significance. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mushroom cultivation additive and its application method.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An additive for cultivating long-rooted mushrooms, comprising citric acid, salicylic acid and / or sodium acetate.
[0007] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the long-root mushroom cultivation additive is 280~600μM citric acid, 80~120μM salicylic acid and / or 380~420μM sodium acetate.
[0008] More preferably, the mushroom cultivation additive is 300 μM citric acid, 100 μM salicylic acid and / or 400 μM sodium acetate.
[0009] The application of the above-mentioned long-root mushroom cultivation additives in long-root mushroom cultivation.
[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method of applying the long-root mushroom cultivation additive includes any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 280~600μM citric acid once after cutting the mushroom bag and once during the young mushroom stage; Option 2: Spray 280~320μM citric acid once after making the incision in the long-rooted mushroom spawn bag; Option 3: Spray with 80-120μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage; Option 4: Spray 380~420μM sodium acetate once after the mushroom bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage.
[0011] More preferably, in the application of the *Pleurotus ostreatus* cultivation additive, the method of application includes any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 300μM citric acid once after cutting the mushroom spawn bag and once during the young mushroom stage; Option 2: Spray 300μM citric acid once after making the incision in the long-rooted mushroom spawn bag; Option 3: Spray with 100μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage; Option 4: Spray 400μM sodium acetate once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms and once during the young mushroom stage.
[0012] A method for cultivating *Pleurotus ostreatus*, comprising any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 280~600μM citric acid once after the spawn bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 2: Spray 280~320μM citric acid once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 3: Spray with 80-120μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 4: Spray 380-420μM sodium acetate once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms and once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested.
[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method of the long-rooted mushroom includes any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 300μM citric acid once after the spawn bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage, and continue cultivation until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested. Option 2: Spray 300μM citric acid once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 3: Spray with 100μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 4: Spray 400μM sodium acetate once after the spawn bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage, and continue cultivation until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: This invention is the first to discover that spraying certain concentrations of citric acid, salicylic acid, or sodium acetate at different stages of *Mushroom arborescens* cultivation can not only increase the yield of *Mushroom arborescens*, but also reduce the contamination rate, regulate the fruiting body morphology, and improve the quality of *Mushroom arborescens*. The appropriate additives can be selected according to actual market demand to increase yield, reduce contamination rate, and regulate fruiting body morphology. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 The graph shows the effect of different concentrations of six additives on the mycelial growth rate of *Pleurotus ostreatus*.
[0016] Figure 2 The graph shows the mycelial growth of *Pleurotus ostreatus* under different concentrations of six additives.
[0017] Figure 3 Photo of the additive sprayed after the mushroom spawn bag is cut open.
[0018] Figure 4 Photo of the additive sprayed after the mushroom spawn bag is cut open.
[0019] Figure 5 A real-life example of a mushroom spawn bag that has been cut open, sprayed with an additive, and then covered with soil.
[0020] Figure 6 Actual photos of sample plots treated with different additives during the juvenile stage of Mushroom floribunda. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0022] All details not described in the embodiments are based on existing technology in the field.
[0023] Example 1 1 Test strain The *Pleurotus ostreatus* strain Y is a strain preserved by the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and is the same strain as the *Pleurotus ostreatus* spawn package below.
[0024] The long-root mushroom spawn bags (also known as black-skinned chicken mushroom sticks, which have been inoculated with long-root mushrooms) were provided by Shandong Yuanyang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., and are commercially available products.
[0025] 2. Experimental Methods 2.1 Reagent Preparation First, prepare a stock solution using citric acid, salicylic acid, monosodium glutamate, and sodium acetate. Then, filter the stock solution using a 0.22 μM syringe filter in a clean bench, dispense it into sterile 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes, and freeze at -20°C for later use.
[0026] 100mM citric acid stock solution: Weigh 19.213g of citric acid, dissolve it in water, and dilute to 1L with water.
[0027] 1M Salicylic Acid: Weigh 138.12g of salicylic acid, dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol, and bring the volume to 1L with anhydrous ethanol. Dilute with water before use.
[0028] 2M Monosodium Glutamate: Weigh 338.22g of monosodium glutamate, dissolve it in water, and dilute to 1L with water.
[0029] 100mM sodium acetate: Weigh 8.203g of sodium acetate, dissolve it in water, and dilute to 1L with water.
[0030] 2.2 Plate Preparation Comprehensive Potato Glucose Agar Medium (CPDA): 200 g peeled potatoes, 20 g glucose, 1.5 g MgSO4, 3 g KH2PO4, 20 g agar, 1 L water, pH natural.
[0031] When preparing CPDA medium, dispense 100mL of medium into 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks and add 2g of agar powder. The concentration gradient of seaweed polysaccharide was set as follows: 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 10g / L; the concentration gradient of spirulina powder was set as follows: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%. Seaweed polysaccharide and spirulina powder were added to the CPDA medium in the specified proportions and sterilized together. After cooling, the medium was dispensed into 90cm disposable petri dishes. The amounts of seaweed polysaccharide and spirulina powder added are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0032] Table 1. Addition amount of seaweed polysaccharide at different concentrations
[0033] Table 2. Spirulina powder dosage at different concentrations
[0034] Four additives—citric acid, salicylic acid, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and sodium acetate—were used, with the following concentration gradients: Citric acid: 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 μM; Salicylic acid: 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 300, 500 μM; MSG: 0, 2, 20, 40, 60, 80 mM; Sodium acetate: 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 μM. To prepare plates with these four additives, after the CPDA medium cooled to approximately 50°C, the dilution factor was calculated according to the final concentration, a specific volume of stock solution was added, the mixture was shaken well, and the plates were dispensed.
[0035] 2.3 Plate culture experiment to determine the effect of additives on mycelial growth Mycelial blocks of the tested strain (Pleurotus ostreatus Y) stored at low temperature were inoculated into the center of CPDA plates and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 7 days. Mycelial discs with a diameter of 5 mm were prepared at the outer edge of the colonies using a sterile punch and inoculated into the center of plates containing different types and concentrations of additives. The plates were then incubated at 25°C in the dark. The colony radius was measured using the cross-crossing method, mycelial growth rate was calculated, and colony morphology was observed. Each treatment was repeated 5 times.
[0036] 2.4 Experiment on fruiting after application of additives The experiment was conducted in the temperature-controlled mushroom house of Shandong Yuanyang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Based on the concentration of additives that significantly promoted the mycelial growth of *Pleurotus ostreatus* selected from plate culture experiments, spraying experiments were designed for different cultivation stages of *Pleurotus ostreatus*. The *Pleurotus ostreatus* spawn bags (already inoculated with *Pleurotus ostreatus* and cultured to the point of fruiting) used were provided by Shandong Yuanyang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.
[0037] The concentrations of the six additives were set as follows: citric acid: 150, 300, 600 μM; salicylic acid: 50, 100, 200 μM; monosodium glutamate: 10, 20, 40 mM; sodium acetate: 100, 200, 400 μM; seaweed polysaccharide: 0.5, 1, 2 g / L; spirulina powder: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%.
[0038] The spraying experiment design for different cultivation stages of Pleurotus ostreatus was as follows: Experiment 1: Spray once after the mushroom bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage; Experiment 2: Spray once after the mushroom bag is cut open; Experiment 3: Spray once during the young mushroom stage.
[0039] In Experiment 1, all three concentrations of the six additives were sprayed. In Experiments 2 and 3, only one concentration of each of the six additives was sprayed: citric acid: 300 μM; salicylic acid: 100 μM; monosodium glutamate: 20 mM; sodium acetate: 200 μM; seaweed polysaccharide: 1 g / L; and spirulina powder: 0.1%. A total of 39 treatments were administered, with three quadrats per treatment, serving as three replicates. Each quadrat was 1.38 m². 2 Forty-five mushroom bags were placed in each quadrat, and 300 mL of additive solution was sprayed evenly with an electric sprayer each time. The sprayed water served as a control (CK). The start time of the first flush of mushrooms was recorded. The cap diameter, flesh thickness, stipe length and diameter were measured according to the industry standard NY / T 3715-2020 for DUS testing of long-rooted mushrooms. After harvesting long-rooted mushrooms that met the harvesting standards, they were weighed with their roots and the yield was recorded. The cumulative yield of the first flush was counted as the total yield of the first flush. 500 g of fruiting bodies were randomly selected from the harvested fruiting bodies in the quadrat, and the number of fruiting bodies was counted. The weight of a single mushroom was calculated as: single mushroom weight = 500 g / number of fruiting bodies. The number of contaminated mushroom bags in the quadrat was counted, and the contamination rate was calculated as: contamination rate = number of contaminated mushroom bags / 45 (number of mushroom bags per quadrat) × 100%.
[0040] 2.5 Data Processing and Analysis SPSS 18.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis and significance analysis on the data.
[0041] 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Effects of additives on mycelial growth in Pleurotus ostreatus plate culture Citric acid concentrations of 50, 200, and 300 μM significantly promoted the mycelial growth of *Pleurotus ostreatus*, with the mycelial growth rate reaching its maximum at 300 μM (6.7 mm·d). -1 Furthermore, the mycelium is denser and the colonies are more regular.
[0042] Salicylic acid at a concentration of 10 μM promotes the growth of mycelium in *Pleurotus ostreatus*. From 30 μM to 500 μM, the concentration has no promoting or inhibiting effect on mycelial growth.
[0043] The mycelial growth rate was highest at a monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration of 20 mM, reaching 5.73 mm·d. -1 Compared to other concentrations and the control without added monosodium glutamate, the mycelia were denser and the colonies were more regular.
[0044] At a sodium acetate concentration of 200 μM, the mycelia were dense and the growth rate was the highest, reaching 5.56 mm·d. -1 Sodium acetate at a concentration of 600 μM significantly inhibited mycelial growth, with a mycelial growth rate of 3.7 mm·d. -1 .
[0045] Compared with the control group without additives, different concentrations of seaweed polysaccharide and spirulina powder had no significant effect on mycelial growth rate. (See below) Figure 1 and Figure 2 .
[0046] 3.2 Effects of additives on fruiting of *Pleurotus ostreatus* In Experiment 1, where the additive was sprayed once after the mushroom bag was cut and once during the young mushroom stage (see Table 3), compared with the control treated with water spraying, both the 300 μM and 600 μM citric acid treatments significantly increased yield and reduced contamination rate. The 300 μM treatment showed the largest yield increase (11.5%) and a 5.6% reduction in contamination rate. The 600 μM treatment showed the largest reduction in contamination rate (6.7%). The fruiting bodies treated with the three citric acid concentrations had smaller caps, thicker flesh, and thicker, shorter stipes than the control. The stipe diameters for 150, 300, and 600 μM were 23.9, 24.1, and 24.3 mm, respectively, and the stipe lengths were 78.4, 80.8, and 75.9 mm, respectively.
[0047] All three concentrations of salicylic acid added reduced yield compared to the control. The cap diameter increased, and the stipe became thinner and longer.
[0048] The yield of the 20 mM monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment was comparable to that of the control, while the 10 mM and 40 mM treatments reduced the yield. The cap diameter increased significantly at all three concentrations.
[0049] The contamination rates of the three sodium acetate addition concentrations were low. The 400 μM treatment showed a contamination rate of 0%, and the yield was 4.8% higher than the control. The stipes were thicker and shorter. The average weight of a single mushroom was relatively light, at 9.7 g.
[0050] The total yield of the first flush treated with seaweed polysaccharide and spirulina powder was significantly lower than that of the control, and the contamination rate was also higher. The first flush of mushrooms was harvested 1-4 days later than those treated with other additives. The single mushrooms treated with seaweed polysaccharide had a larger weight, with the single mushrooms treated with 2g / L seaweed polysaccharide having the largest weight at 20.4g, and their cap diameter was also larger.
[0051] In Experiment 2 (see Table 4), where additives were sprayed once after the mushroom bags were cut, 300 μM citric acid increased yield by 7.0% and reduced contamination rate by 5.6% compared to the control, resulting in thicker, shorter stipes and smaller cap diameters. Other additives all reduced yield. Seaweed polysaccharides and spirulina powder significantly reduced yield, with the total yield of the first flush being only 5.5 catties and 6.6 catties respectively, representing reductions of 75.9% and 71.1% compared to the control, indicating high contamination rates and a later start to the first flush harvest.
[0052] In Experiment 3, where additives were sprayed once during the juvenile stage (see Table 5), the total yield of the first flush increased by 8.6% and 8.2% with 100 μM salicylic acid and 0.1% spirulina powder, respectively, but the contamination rate of spirulina powder was very high, at 11.1%. The contamination rate of 100 μM salicylic acid was low, at 2.2%, and the cap diameter was large, the flesh was thick, and the stem was long. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 These are some of the actual images taken during the experiment.
[0053] Table 3 Experiment 1: After the mushroom bag was cut + young mushroom stage
[0054] Table 4 Experiment 2: After the mushroom bag was cut open
[0055] Table 5 Experiment 3: Young mushroom stage
[0056] 4. Conclusion In the cultivation of *Pleurotus ostreatus*, spraying seaweed polysaccharides and spirulina powder leads to a decrease in the total yield of the first flush, a high contamination rate, and a delayed harvest time for the first flush, making it unsuitable for *Pleurotus ostreatus* production. While a 20mM concentration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) can promote mycelial growth in *Pleurotus ostreatus* plate culture, it does not increase yield when applied to *Pleurotus ostreatus* cultivation. Low (10mM) and high (40mM) concentrations of MSG even reduce *Pleurotus ostreatus* yield, making it unsuitable for *Pleurotus ostreatus* production. Salicylic acid, ranging from 30μM to 500μM, has neither promoting nor inhibiting mycelial growth with increasing concentration. However, the inventors discovered that using a 100μM concentration of salicylic acid at specific growth stages in *Pleurotus ostreatus* cultivation can not only increase yield but also reduce contamination rate and regulate fruiting body morphology.
[0057] The inventors discovered that, in the cultivation of *Mammillaria gracilis*, spraying with 300μM citric acid once after the incision of the spawn bag and once during the young fruiting stage can increase the total yield of the first flush by 11.5% and reduce the contamination rate by 5.6%, resulting in smaller caps, thicker flesh, and thicker, shorter stems. Spraying with 300μM citric acid once after the incision of the spawn bag increases the yield by 7.0% and reduces the contamination rate by 5.6% compared to the control, resulting in smaller caps and thicker, shorter stems. Spraying with 100μM salicylic acid once during the young fruiting stage can increase the total yield of the first flush by 8.6% and reduce the contamination rate by 6.7%, resulting in larger caps, thicker flesh, and longer stems. Spraying with 400μM sodium acetate once after the incision of the spawn bag and once during the young fruiting stage can increase the total yield of the first flush by 4.8% and reduce the contamination rate by 8.9%, resulting in slightly larger caps, slightly thicker flesh, and thicker, shorter stems.
[0058] This invention is the first to develop an additive product and application method applicable to the cultivation and production of Mushroom floribunda. According to actual market demand, the corresponding additive type can be selected to increase yield, reduce pollution rate and regulate fruiting body morphology.
Claims
1. A growth regulator for mushroom cultivation, characterized in that, Including citric acid, salicylic acid and / or sodium acetate.
2. The additive as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mushroom cultivation additive is 280-600 μM citric acid, 80-120 μM salicylic acid and / or 380-420 μM sodium acetate.
3. The additive as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The growth regulator for mushroom cultivation is 300 μM citric acid, 100 μM salicylic acid and / or 400 μM sodium acetate.
4. The application of the mushroom cultivation additive according to any one of claims 1-3 in the cultivation of mushrooms.
5. The application as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In the aforementioned application, the method of applying the long-root mushroom cultivation additive includes any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 280~600μM citric acid once after cutting the spawn bag and once during the young mushroom stage; Option 2: Spray 280~320μM citric acid once after making the incision in the long-rooted mushroom spawn bag; Option 3: Spray with 80-120μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage; Option 4: Spray 380~420μM sodium acetate once after the mushroom bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage.
6. The application as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the aforementioned application, the method of applying the long-root mushroom cultivation additive includes any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 300μM citric acid once after cutting the mushroom spawn bag and once during the young mushroom stage; Option 2: Spray 300μM citric acid once after making the incision in the long-rooted mushroom spawn bag; Option 3: Spray with 100μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage; Option 4: Spray 400μM sodium acetate once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms and once during the young mushroom stage.
7. A method for cultivating long-rooted mushrooms, characterized in that, Including any of the following options: Option 1: Spray 280~600μM citric acid once after the spawn bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 2: Spray 280-300μM citric acid once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 3: Spray with 80-120μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 4: Spray 380-420μM sodium acetate once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms and once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested.
8. The cultivation method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The cultivation method of the long-rooted mushroom includes any of the following schemes: Option 1: Spray 300μM citric acid once after the spawn bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage, and continue cultivation until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested. Option 2: Spray 300μM citric acid once after cutting the spawn bag of long-rooted mushrooms, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 3: Spray with 100μM salicylic acid once during the young mushroom stage, and cultivate until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested; Option 4: Spray 400μM sodium acetate once after the spawn bag is cut and once during the young mushroom stage, and continue cultivation until the first flush of mushrooms is harvested.