Sports equipment impact test system based on multiple sensors
By synchronously collecting and analyzing multi-dimensional parameters of sports equipment through a multi-sensor system, the problem of traditional testing systems being unable to comprehensively evaluate equipment performance is solved, enabling accurate early warning of equipment degradation and improving the safety and reliability of equipment testing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional sports equipment testing systems rely on a single sensor, which cannot provide a comprehensive performance assessment. In particular, they lack sensitivity in the early stages of equipment performance degradation, making it difficult to identify potential failure risks.
A multi-sensor system is adopted, including an impact loading module, a multi-dimensional sensing module, a dynamic rebound analysis module, and an early warning module. By synchronously collecting and analyzing multi-dimensional parameters such as impact force, deformation, acceleration, and temperature, the system identifies the trend of equipment performance degradation and generates early warning signals.
It enables comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the performance of sports equipment, allowing for timely identification of potential risks in the early stages of equipment performance degradation, improving safety and reliability, reducing false alarms and missed alarms, and ensuring the accuracy of test data.
Smart Images
Figure CN121655826A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of sports equipment testing technology, specifically to a multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment. Background Technology
[0002] In the traditional field of sports equipment testing, impact testing systems typically rely on a single sensor to monitor equipment performance, focusing primarily on a few parameters such as impact force, acceleration, or deformation. These traditional systems often fail to provide a comprehensive performance assessment, resulting in somewhat one-sided test results, especially in the early stages of equipment performance degradation, lacking sufficient sensitivity to warn of potential failure risks. Therefore, how to accurately identify equipment performance degradation trends by integrating multiple parameters, particularly through multi-sensor data fusion, has become a pressing issue for modern testing technology.
[0003] With the continuous advancement of multi-sensor technology, an increasing number of systems are adopting multi-dimensional sensing modules to simultaneously collect various physical parameters and analyze them in conjunction with multiple rebound performance parameters. These systems can provide more accurate and comprehensive test results, better reflecting the overall performance changes of sports equipment after multiple impacts through the collected multi-dimensional data. This approach provides stronger support for equipment health monitoring and early warning, but challenges remain regarding how to effectively integrate various types of data and identify early signs of degradation.
[0004] While existing testing systems can achieve certain performance monitoring, they still have limitations in the accuracy and timeliness of identifying equipment degradation trends. For example, many systems only identify equipment performance degradation by analyzing rebound time or deformation changes, but this method often only provides analysis results for a single indicator and lacks a comprehensive and detailed judgment of the equipment's condition. Therefore, this invention proposes a multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.
[0006] The present invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a multi-sensor-based sports equipment impact testing system, comprising: an impact loading module, a multi-dimensional sensing module, a dynamic rebound analysis module, an early warning module, and a processing module; The impact loading module is used to apply continuous external impacts to sports equipment, including an impact device that can adjust the impact intensity, impact frequency, impact direction and impact time. The impact device maintains the stability of the impact position through a guide structure and performs multiple rounds of cyclic impacts according to a set impact rhythm. The multi-dimensional sensing module is used to synchronously collect the physical parameters of the sports equipment during the impact loading process and maintain time consistency; the physical parameters include impact force, deformation, acceleration and temperature; The dynamic rebound analysis module analyzes the rebound performance of sports equipment after each impact based on the physical parameters collected and time-aligned by the multi-dimensional sensing module, and obtains the rebound performance parameters. The rebound performance parameters include rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation; The dynamic rebound analysis module identifies the maximum deformation in each impact response, the recovery process of the deformation over time, and the time required to reach a stationary state, and calculates the rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation. The early warning module identifies the performance degradation trend and structural abnormalities of sports equipment based on the rebound performance parameters of multiple impact cycles. Furthermore, by setting a deviation threshold and continuous judgment logic, the early warning module identifies the continuous extension of rebound time, the successive increase of residual deformation, and the nonlinear increase of maximum deformation, and generates an early warning signal when the early warning conditions are met. The processing module is used to coordinate and control the operation of the impact loading module, multi-dimensional sensing module, dynamic rebound analysis module and early warning module, and to process and manage the collected physical parameters and control the impact loading.
[0007] A further technical improvement of the present invention is that the multi-dimensional sensing module may include an impact force sensor, a deformation sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor, for collecting corresponding physical parameters respectively; During the impact loading process, the impact trigger signal output by the impact loading module is used as the start reference for synchronous acquisition. In response to the impact trigger signal, the various sensors in the multi-dimensional sensing module used to collect impact force, deformation, acceleration and temperature are controlled to start collecting the corresponding physical parameters simultaneously, and the output time of the impact trigger signal is used as a unified time reference. During the data acquisition process, the physical parameters are time-corrected based on the different response delays of impact force, deformation, acceleration, and temperature during the impact response process. This ensures that all physical parameters maintain consistency in the time dimension based on a unified time reference, and forms a set of synchronous physical parameters for subsequent rebound performance analysis.
[0008] A further technical improvement of the present invention lies in that: the rebound performance parameters include rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation; and the analysis steps of the dynamic rebound analysis module include: After impact loading, the moment when the deformation reaches its maximum value is identified based on the deformation change process, and its recovery curve is tracked from that moment. The time required for the deformation to recover from its maximum value to a steady state is calculated as the rebound time. The average slope of the deformation changes during the recovery process is extracted as the recovery rate; By comparing the initial deformation before the impact with the steady-state deformation after the impact, the residual deformation value is obtained and used to construct the complete rebound performance parameters.
[0009] A further technical improvement of the present invention lies in the process by which the early warning module identifies the performance degradation trend of sports equipment, including: Based on the deformation change curve collected in each impact cycle, the change in rebound time is judged by a preset rebound time threshold. If the rebound time continues to extend in multiple impact cycles, and the rebound time is extended by more than the rebound time extension threshold relative to the previous cycle, it is determined that the rebound time has a trend of continuous extension. Calculate the change in residual deformation in each period. If the residual deformation increases successively in multiple periods and the increase exceeds the residual deformation increase threshold each time, it is determined that the residual deformation has a trend of increasing successively. Analyze the change in maximum deformation in each impact cycle. If the increase in maximum deformation shows a non-linear growth trend and the increase gradually increases over multiple cycles, and the increase exceeds the threshold of the maximum deformation increase, then it is determined that the maximum deformation has a non-linear growth trend. An early warning signal is generated when any of the following judgments—extended rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase in maximum deformation—meets the preset performance degradation warning conditions.
[0010] Warning conditions include: Extended rebound time: The rate of change of rebound time continues to increase and exceeds the preset rebound time extension threshold; Residual deformation increases: The increasing trend of residual deformation exceeds the set threshold for residual deformation increase; Maximum deformation nonlinear increase: The change in the maximum deformation increase exceeds the threshold of the maximum deformation nonlinear increase.
[0011] A further technical improvement of the present invention is that: based on the deformation change curve collected in each impact cycle, the direction of change of the deformation after reaching the maximum value until it recovers to a stable state is identified, and the process in which the deformation shows a downward trend in at least three consecutive sampling points and then shows an upward trend in at least two consecutive sampling points is determined as a turning point where the deformation rises again after a decline. The time between the first sampling point of the downward trend and the last sampling point of the subsequent upward trend is taken as the duration of the non-monotonic rebound segment. The duration of all non-monotonic rebound segments in each impact cycle is summed up and then compared with the total duration of deformation recovery from its maximum value to a steady state within that cycle to obtain the non-monotonicity ratio. When the non-monotonicity ratio shows a continuous upward trend, and the judgment results of at least one of the trends of prolonged rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase of maximum deformation are confirmed, the early warning module determines that the sports equipment has a clear and multi-dimensional performance degradation trend and generates the final comprehensive early warning signal.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a multi-dimensional sensing module to collect multiple physical parameters and, through the collaborative work of a dynamic rebound analysis module and an early warning module, comprehensively analyzes the rebound performance of sports equipment during impact loading. Based on changes in multiple parameters, it can identify early trends in equipment degradation and provide a more accurate and comprehensive performance assessment. Simultaneously, it can monitor the equipment's performance in real time across multiple impact cycles and issue timely warning signals when potential problems arise, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the equipment. Furthermore, this invention, through comprehensive analysis of multiple performance parameters such as rebound time, residual deformation, and maximum deformation increase, can effectively identify the performance degradation trend of equipment. Compared with the prior art, this invention reduces false alarms or missed alarms caused by fluctuations in a single parameter by calculating the non-monotonicity ratio and performing trend analysis over multiple periods. By monitoring the nonlinear rebound changes of the equipment over multiple periods, it makes the identification of equipment degradation more sensitive and can detect potential risks in the early stages of equipment performance degradation, thereby providing early warning and avoiding major equipment failures. On the other hand, this invention also processes deformation data using techniques such as low-pass filtering, effectively reducing noise interference and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test data. This system can not only be applied to various types of equipment but can also be flexibly adjusted according to different usage environments and equipment requirements. Attached Figure Description
[0013] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system logic of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0015] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.
[0016] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment, including: an impact loading module, a multi-dimensional sensing module, a dynamic rebound analysis module, an early warning module, and a processing module; The impact loading module is used to apply continuous external impacts to sports equipment. It includes an impact device that can adjust the impact intensity, impact frequency, impact direction and impact time. The impact device maintains the stability of the impact position through a guide structure and performs multiple rounds of cyclic impacts according to the set impact rhythm. The multi-dimensional sensing module is used to synchronously collect the physical parameters of sports equipment during the impact loading process and maintain time consistency; the physical parameters include impact force, deformation, acceleration and temperature; The multi-dimensional sensing module may include an impact sensor, a deformation sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a temperature sensor, which are used to collect corresponding physical parameters respectively; During the impact loading process, the impact trigger signal output by the impact loading module is used as the start reference for synchronous acquisition. In response to the impact trigger signal, the various sensors in the multi-dimensional sensing module used to collect impact force, deformation, acceleration and temperature are controlled to start collecting the corresponding physical parameters simultaneously, and the output time of the impact trigger signal is used as a unified time reference. During the data acquisition process, the physical parameters are time-corrected based on the different response delays of impact force, deformation, acceleration, and temperature during the impact response process. This ensures that all physical parameters maintain consistency in the time dimension based on a unified time reference, and forms a set of synchronous physical parameters for subsequent rebound performance analysis.
[0017] Specifically, during test preparation, impact force sensors are installed in the area directly opposite the impact point of the sports equipment to capture instantaneous changes in external force loading; deformation sensors are placed in the area where the equipment may undergo maximum deformation to ensure that the deformation change process is accurately sensed; acceleration sensors are placed in the mass concentration area of the equipment structure to enhance the capture of dynamic characteristics of the impact response; and temperature sensors are deployed on the surface of the equipment or in the interlayer of internal materials to monitor thermal changes caused by impact friction or structural deformation.
[0018] Subsequently, during the impact loading process, the impact trigger signal output by the impact loading module is used as the start reference for synchronous acquisition. Specifically, a trigger reference time with an electrical signal is generated based on preset trigger conditions, such as the signal edge when the impact loading drive device starts. This trigger reference is used to notify all sensors to uniformly initiate acquisition. This trigger reference serves as the time alignment benchmark for all subsequent physical parameter acquisition processes.
[0019] In response to the impact trigger signal, the various sensors in the multi-dimensional sensing module used to collect impact force, deformation, acceleration, and temperature simultaneously begin acquiring their corresponding physical parameters, using the output time of the impact trigger signal as a unified time reference. For example, within 2 microseconds after the impact trigger signal is sent, all sensors enter the active state and begin data acquisition. The sampling frequencies are set to 10kHz for the impact force sensor, 5kHz for the deformation sensor, 20kHz for the acceleration sensor, and 1kHz for the temperature sensor, respectively, to ensure coverage of the typical frequency range of various physical responses. Throughout the acquisition cycle, each data point is accompanied by the impact trigger signal... Using relative timestamps, we can construct a preliminary time-consistent dataset.
[0020] During the data acquisition process, the response delay of different physical parameters is determined by comparing the raw data of various sensors in multiple impact loading cycles. Specifically, the impact trigger signal output by the impact loading module is used as the time reference, and the time point corresponding to the first significant change of various physical parameters (i.e., exceeding the noise threshold or the set percentage offset of the initial stable value) is measured. The difference between this time point and the impact trigger signal time is used as the response delay of the corresponding sensor.
[0021] Based on the determined response delay, the original acquired data is corrected on the time axis. Specifically, this includes applying delay correction to signals with an early response and performing forward interpolation on signals with a delayed response. Correction methods include time axis resampling, timestamp adjustment, or interpolation inference based on the changing slope, so that all data sequences are aligned to the starting point of the impact trigger signal under the same time reference.
[0022] The dynamic rebound analysis module analyzes the rebound performance of sports equipment after each impact based on the physical parameters collected and time-aligned by the multi-dimensional sensing module, and obtains the rebound performance parameters. Rebound performance parameters include rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation; The rebound performance parameters include rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation. The analysis steps of the dynamic rebound analysis module include: After impact loading, the moment when the deformation reaches its maximum value is identified based on the deformation change process, and its recovery curve is tracked from that moment. The time required for the deformation to recover from its maximum value to a steady state is calculated as the rebound time. The average slope of the deformation changes during the recovery process is extracted as the recovery rate; By comparing the initial deformation before the impact with the steady-state deformation after the impact, the residual deformation value is obtained and used to construct the complete rebound performance parameters.
[0023] Specifically, after an impact loading process, based on the physical data of deformation change over time, the complete deformation curve is extracted, and the maximum value point in the curve is identified, i.e., the time point when the deformation reaches its peak. This time point corresponds to the maximum deformation state of the impact response, which depends on the material properties and structural configuration of the tested sports equipment.
[0024] Using the time point corresponding to the maximum deformation as a reference starting point, analyze the recovery process of subsequent deformations until the deformations reach a steady state; the steady state is determined in the following way: Within a continuous sampling period of no less than one hundred periods, the range of deformation fluctuation remains within a fluctuation range of less than two percent, and the trend of change does not show a clear upward or downward direction.
[0025] The time interval from the start of maximum deformation to the attainment of a steady state is defined as the rebound time. The rebound time reflects the dynamic response period required for sports equipment to recover from maximum deformation to a near-static state. For example, in an impact, if the deformation decreases from 5.20 mm and stabilizes around 0.30 mm, and the fluctuation value does not exceed 0.06 mm in 100 consecutive samples, then this period can be considered the rebound time, with a value of 4.2 milliseconds.
[0026] Within the aforementioned recovery time interval, a fitting analysis is performed on the deformation recovery process, and the average rate of change of the deformation with time during this stage is calculated as the recovery rate. This recovery rate is obtained using a linear slope fitting method to represent the elastic recovery speed of the equipment material and structure. For example, if the deformation recovers from 5.20 mm to 0.35 mm in 4.2 milliseconds, the average recovery rate is 1.15 mm per millisecond.
[0027] After confirming the entry into a stable state, the final stable deformation value is recorded and the difference between it and the initial static deformation value before the impact loading is calculated to obtain the residual deformation. The residual deformation is used to assess whether the impact caused irreversible structural deformation to the equipment. For example, if the initial deformation is 0.10 mm and the stable deformation after impact recovery is 0.30 mm, then the residual deformation is 0.20 mm.
[0028] Rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation together constitute the rebound performance parameters after an impact, serving as the basic data source for subsequent fatigue evolution judgment and safety early warning.
[0029] The early warning module identifies the performance degradation trend and structural abnormalities of sports equipment based on the rebound performance parameters of multiple impact cycles. Furthermore, by setting deviation thresholds and continuous judgment logic, the early warning module identifies the continuous extension of rebound time, the successive increase of residual deformation, and the nonlinear increase of maximum deformation, and generates an early warning signal when the early warning conditions are met. The process by which the early warning module identifies performance degradation trends in sports equipment includes: Based on the deformation change curve collected in each impact cycle, the change in rebound time is judged by a preset rebound time threshold. If the rebound time continues to extend in multiple impact cycles and the rebound time is extended by more than the rebound time extension threshold relative to the previous cycle, it is determined that the rebound time has a continuous extension trend. Calculate the change in residual deformation in each period. If the residual deformation increases successively in multiple periods and the increase exceeds the threshold of residual deformation each time, it is determined that the residual deformation has a trend of increasing successively. Analyze the change in maximum deformation in each impact cycle. If the increase in maximum deformation shows a non-linear growth trend and the increase gradually increases over multiple cycles, and the increase exceeds the threshold of the maximum deformation increase, then it is determined that the maximum deformation has a non-linear growth trend. An early warning signal is generated when any of the following judgments—extended rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase in maximum deformation—meets the preset performance degradation warning conditions.
[0030] Warning conditions include: Extended rebound time: The rate of change of rebound time continues to increase and exceeds the preset rebound time extension threshold; Residual deformation increases: The increasing trend of residual deformation exceeds the set threshold for residual deformation increase; Maximum deformation nonlinear increase: The change in the maximum deformation increase exceeds the threshold of the maximum deformation nonlinear increase.
[0031] Specifically, the deviation thresholds include: Rebound time extension threshold: Used to determine whether the rebound time extension compared to the previous cycle exceeds a predetermined threshold, thereby identifying the trend of rebound time extension; Residual deformation increase threshold: Used to determine whether the residual deformation increases successively in multiple periods and whether the increase exceeds the set threshold each time, so as to identify performance degradation; Maximum deformation increase threshold: used to analyze the nonlinear increase of the maximum deformation over multiple impact cycles. If the increase exceeds the threshold, it is judged that there is a nonlinear increase trend.
[0032] In this implementation, the rebound time is calculated based on the deformation curve collected during each impact cycle. Rebound time refers to the time required for the equipment to recover from its maximum deformation to a stable state after an external impact. During this process, changes in rebound time are assessed using a preset rebound time threshold. When the rebound time continuously increases across multiple impact cycles, and the increase in rebound time relative to the previous cycle exceeds the rebound time extension threshold, it is determined that the rebound time has a continuously increasing trend. This process ensures accurate monitoring of changes in the equipment's rebound time and allows for timely detection of signs of performance degradation when the rebound time increases.
[0033] Residual deformation is monitored and calculated during each impact cycle. Residual deformation refers to the deformation of the equipment that does not fully recover to its initial state after the impact. By calculating the changes in residual deformation after each impact, if the residual deformation increases successively over multiple cycles, and each increase exceeds the residual deformation increase threshold, then it is determined that the residual deformation has a trend of increasing successively.
[0034] For each impact cycle, the trend of maximum deformation is analyzed. Maximum deformation refers to the maximum value of the equipment deformation during each impact. In this process, by analyzing the increase in maximum deformation during each impact cycle, if the increase in maximum deformation shows a non-linear growth trend, and the increase gradually increases over multiple cycles, and this increase exceeds the maximum deformation increase threshold, then it is determined that the maximum deformation exhibits a non-linear growth trend. This indicates that under multiple impacts, the increase in the maximum deformation of the equipment gradually increases, suggesting that the equipment's material or structure is degrading. For example, assuming the maximum deformation increase threshold is 0.1 mm, if the increase in deformation exceeds this threshold in each cycle, it indicates that the equipment's deformation is beginning to show an accelerating growth trend, further confirming the equipment's performance degradation.
[0035] A warning signal is generated when the results of prolonged rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase in maximum deformation meet preset performance degradation warning conditions. Specifically, the warning conditions include: any one or more of the following exceeding a preset threshold: prolonged rebound time, increased residual deformation, or nonlinear increase in maximum deformation. For example, if the prolonged rebound time exceeds the threshold, the residual deformation gradually increases and the increase exceeds the threshold, or the increase in maximum deformation shows a nonlinear growth trend and exceeds the set threshold, the satisfaction of any one or more of these conditions will trigger a warning signal, promptly reminding the equipment to be inspected and repaired.
[0036] The processing module is used to coordinate and control the operation of the impact loading module, multi-dimensional sensing module, dynamic rebound analysis module and early warning module, and to process and manage the collected physical parameters and control the impact loading.
[0037] Example 2 A multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment includes: an impact loading module, a multi-dimensional sensing module, a dynamic rebound analysis module, an early warning module, and a processing module. The impact loading module is used to apply continuous external impacts to sports equipment. It includes an impact device that can adjust the impact intensity, impact frequency, impact direction and impact time. The impact device maintains the stability of the impact position through a guide structure and performs multiple rounds of cyclic impacts according to the set impact rhythm. The multi-dimensional sensing module is used to synchronously collect the physical parameters of sports equipment during the impact loading process and maintain time consistency; the physical parameters include impact force, deformation, acceleration and temperature; The dynamic rebound analysis module analyzes the rebound performance of sports equipment after each impact based on the physical parameters collected and time-aligned by the multi-dimensional sensing module, and obtains the rebound performance parameters. Rebound performance parameters include rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation; The dynamic rebound analysis module calculates rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation by identifying the maximum deformation in each impact response, the recovery process of the deformation over time, and the time required to reach a stationary state. The early warning module identifies the performance degradation trend and structural abnormalities of sports equipment based on the rebound performance parameters of multiple impact cycles. Furthermore, the early warning module identifies the continuous extension of rebound time, the successive increase of residual deformation, and the nonlinear increase of maximum deformation by setting deviation thresholds and continuous judgment logic. Compared to Example 1, Example 2 identifies the direction of change of deformation over time based on the deformation curve collected in each impact cycle, from reaching the maximum value until it recovers to a stable state. It also determines the process in which the deformation shows a downward trend in at least three consecutive sampling points and an upward trend in at least two consecutive sampling points thereafter as a turning point where the deformation rises again after a decline. The time between the first sampling point of the downward trend and the last sampling point of the subsequent upward trend is taken as the duration of the non-monotonic rebound segment. The duration of all non-monotonic rebound segments in each impact cycle is summed up and then compared with the total duration of deformation recovery from its maximum value to a steady state within that cycle to obtain the non-monotonicity ratio. When the non-monotonicity ratio shows a continuous upward trend, and the judgment results of at least one of the trends of prolonged rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase of maximum deformation are confirmed, the early warning module determines that the sports equipment has a clear and multi-dimensional performance degradation trend and generates the final comprehensive early warning signal.
[0038] Specifically, based on the deformation change curve collected in each impact cycle, the direction of change of the deformation after reaching its maximum value until it recovers to a stable state is identified; when the deformation shows a downward trend in at least three consecutive sampling points, and then shows an upward trend in at least two consecutive sampling points, it is determined to be a turning point after a decline and then a re-rise, and the time between the first sampling point of the downward trend and the last sampling point of the upward trend in this turning point is determined as the duration of the non-monotonic rebound segment.
[0039] Furthermore, in the above steps, before the inflection point identification, the deformation data is first processed by using a low-pass filter to filter high-frequency noise, thereby reducing noise interference with the deformation data. This ensures that the trend of deformation changes more accurately reflects the actual condition of the equipment during data processing. In addition, the determination of inflection segments has been anti-noise processed using set conditions; that is, if the deformation decreases within three consecutive sampling points, and then increases at two subsequent sampling points, the segment is considered an inflection segment and will not be affected by noise interference. Therefore, this embodiment no longer performs periodic noise removal, but instead uses trend judgment in subsequent steps to further confirm whether it is a genuine decay signal.
[0040] Subsequently, the durations of all non-monotonic rebound segments in each impact cycle are summed to obtain the total non-monotonic duration of that cycle; then, the ratio of this value to the total duration for which the deformation recovers from its maximum value to a stable state within that cycle is calculated to obtain the non-monotonicity ratio corresponding to that cycle; in this embodiment, the criterion for determining a stable state is: the fluctuation amplitude of the deformation does not exceed 2% in 100 consecutive sampling points.
[0041] In this embodiment, the "stable state" is determined by the fluctuation range of deformation. When the fluctuation of deformation is less than 2% within 100 consecutive sampling points, the deformation is considered to have recovered to a stable state. The duration of the non-monotonic rebound segment is accumulated by summing the durations of all effective turning segments to obtain the non-monotonicity ratio of each cycle, thereby reflecting the irregularity of deformation changes within that cycle.
[0042] In a set number of consecutive impact cycles (e.g., 5 cycles), the non-monotonic ratio is continuously recorded, and its trend across multiple cycles is calculated. When the non-monotonic ratio shows a continuous upward trend, and the degradation trend of at least one performance parameter among rebound time, residual deformation, and maximum deformation is simultaneously confirmed, the early warning module determines that the sports equipment has a clear and multi-dimensional performance degradation trend, and generates a final comprehensive early warning signal accordingly. Through multi-cycle trend analysis, the changes in equipment status can be judged more accurately, reducing misjudgments caused by single-cycle fluctuations.
[0043] The processing module is used to coordinate and control the operation of the impact loading module, multi-dimensional sensing module, dynamic rebound analysis module and early warning module, and to process and manage the collected physical parameters and control the impact loading.
[0044] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters and thresholds in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment, characterized in that, include: Impact loading module, used to apply continuous external impacts to sports equipment; A multi-dimensional sensing module is used to synchronously collect the physical parameters of sports equipment during impact loading and maintain time consistency. The dynamic rebound analysis module analyzes the rebound performance of sports equipment after each impact based on physical parameters, and obtains the rebound performance parameters. The early warning module identifies the performance degradation trend of sports equipment based on the rebound performance parameters of multiple impact cycles. It also identifies the continuous extension of rebound time, the successive increase of residual deformation, and the nonlinear increase of maximum deformation through preset deviation thresholds and continuous judgment logic. When the identification results meet the early warning conditions, an early warning signal is generated.
2. The multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes a processing module; The processing module is used to coordinate and control the operation of the impact loading module, multi-dimensional sensing module, dynamic rebound analysis module and early warning module, and to process and manage the collected physical parameters and control the impact loading.
3. The multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impact loading module includes an impact device that can adjust the impact intensity, impact frequency, impact direction, and impact time. The impact device maintains the stability of the impact position through a guide structure and performs multiple rounds of cyclic impacts according to a set impact rhythm.
4. The multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multidimensional sensing module may include an impact force sensor, a deformation sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a temperature sensor, which are used to collect corresponding physical parameters, including impact force, deformation, acceleration, and temperature. During the impact loading process, the impact trigger signal output by the impact loading module is used as the start reference for synchronous acquisition. In response to the impact trigger signal, the various sensors in the multi-dimensional sensing module used to collect impact force, deformation, acceleration and temperature are controlled to start collecting the corresponding physical parameters simultaneously, and the output time of the impact trigger signal is used as a unified time reference. During the data acquisition process, the physical parameters are time-corrected based on the different response delays of impact force, deformation, acceleration, and temperature during the impact response process. This ensures that all physical parameters maintain consistency in the time dimension based on a unified time reference, and forms a set of synchronous physical parameters for subsequent rebound performance analysis.
5. The multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rebound performance parameters include rebound time, recovery rate, and residual deformation. The analysis steps of the dynamic rebound analysis module include: After impact loading, the moment when the deformation reaches its maximum value is identified based on the deformation change process, and its recovery curve is tracked from that moment. The time required for the deformation to recover from its maximum value to a steady state is calculated as the rebound time. The average slope of the deformation changes during the recovery process is extracted as the recovery rate; By comparing the initial deformation before the impact with the steady-state deformation after the impact, the residual deformation value is obtained and used to construct the complete rebound performance parameters.
6. The multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process by which the early warning module identifies performance degradation trends in sports equipment includes: Based on the deformation change curve collected in each impact cycle, the change in rebound time is judged by a preset rebound time threshold. If the rebound time continues to extend in multiple impact cycles and the rebound time is extended by more than the rebound time extension threshold relative to the previous cycle, it is determined that the rebound time has a continuous extension trend. Calculate the change in residual deformation in each period. If the residual deformation increases successively in multiple periods and the increase exceeds the threshold of residual deformation each time, it is determined that the residual deformation has a trend of increasing successively. Analyze the change in maximum deformation in each impact cycle. If the increase in maximum deformation shows a non-linear growth trend and the increase gradually increases over multiple cycles, and the increase exceeds the threshold of the maximum deformation increase, then it is determined that the maximum deformation has a non-linear growth trend. An early warning signal is generated when any of the following judgments—extended rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase in maximum deformation—meets the preset performance degradation warning conditions.
7. A multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, Warning conditions include: Extended rebound time: The rate of change of rebound time continues to increase and exceeds the preset rebound time extension threshold; Residual deformation increases: The increasing trend of residual deformation exceeds the set threshold for residual deformation increase; Maximum deformation nonlinear increase: The change in the maximum deformation increase exceeds the threshold of the maximum deformation nonlinear increase.
8. A multi-sensor-based impact testing system for sports equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the deformation change curve collected in each impact cycle, the direction of change of deformation after reaching the maximum value until it recovers to a stable state is identified, and the process of deformation showing a downward trend in at least three consecutive sampling points and an upward trend in at least two consecutive sampling points is determined as the turning point of a re-rise after a decline. The time between the first sampling point of the downward trend and the last sampling point of the subsequent upward trend is taken as the duration of the non-monotonic rebound segment. The duration of all non-monotonic rebound segments in each impact cycle is summed up and then compared with the total duration of deformation recovery from its maximum value to a steady state within that cycle to obtain the non-monotonicity ratio. When the non-monotonicity ratio shows a continuous upward trend, and the judgment results of at least one of the trends of prolonged rebound time, increased residual deformation, and nonlinear increase of maximum deformation are confirmed, the early warning module determines that the sports equipment has a clear and multi-dimensional performance degradation trend and generates the final comprehensive early warning signal.