High-stability ultra-wideband feed source antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a high-stability ultra-wideband feed source antenna which comprises a wideband orthogonal mode coupler part, an orthogonal signal port of the wideband orthogonal mode coupler part is connected with a waveguide-coaxial connector part, a public port of the wideband orthogonal mode coupler part is provided with a waveguide converter, and the waveguide converter is connected with the waveguide-coaxial connector part. And one end of the waveguide converter is connected with a radiation horn. According to the millimeter wave feed source, high-performance dual-polarization work of a millimeter wave frequency band is realized, the broadband stability of radiation characteristics is guaranteed, the engineering applicability and reliability are remarkably improved, and the manufacturing bottleneck of the millimeter wave feed source is broken through; according to the invention, technology upgrading and scheme reconstruction oriented to higher frequency bands and harsh physical challenges are realized, and unique technical means such as phase compensation design, active mode purification, ultra-high precision interconnection and special material technology are introduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a highly stable ultra-wideband feed antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In the 17-31GHz millimeter wave band, existing feed technology faces significant bottlenecks: the performance of traditional horn antennas deteriorates sharply, with problems such as beam distortion, cross-polarization degradation, and severe phase center drift; while complex structural designs, due to their extremely short wavelengths, result in stringent requirements for processing precision, soaring manufacturing costs, and low yield rates, making it difficult to achieve engineering applications.

[0003] In the 17-31GHz millimeter wave band, existing feed technology has the following core defects: Severe performance degradation: The radiation beam of traditional standard horn antennas is prone to distortion, the cross-polarization components increase significantly, and the phase center drifts drastically with frequency, which cannot meet the stringent requirements of millimeter wave testing for signal purity and phase consistency.

[0004] Processing faces bottlenecks: For complex structures suitable for improving performance (such as corrugated horns), due to the extremely short wavelength of millimeter waves, the mechanical tolerance requirements are close to the processing limit, resulting in high manufacturing costs, poor product consistency, and difficulty in achieving engineering mass production and application.

[0005] Insufficient connection reliability: High-frequency signals are extremely sensitive to minute defects in the transmission path. Traditional waveguide interfaces and conversion links are prone to becoming failure points, introducing large insertion loss and reflection, which directly affects the stability and accuracy of the test system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly stable ultra-wideband feed antenna to solve the problem of shortness mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna, comprising a broadband orthogonal mode coupler section, wherein a waveguide-coaxial connector section is connected to the orthogonal signal port of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section, a waveguide converter is provided at the common port of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section, and a radiating horn is connected to one end of the waveguide converter. The broadband orthogonal mode coupler section includes an upper orthogonal mode coupler and a lower orthogonal mode coupler, which are stacked vertically on top of each other. The waveguide-coaxial connector section includes a side waveguide-coaxial connector and an upper waveguide-coaxial connector. The upper waveguide-coaxial connector is connected to the surface of the upper orthogonal mode coupler, and the side waveguide-coaxial connector is disposed on the side of the upper orthogonal mode coupler and the lower orthogonal mode coupler.

[0008] Preferably, the broadband orthogonal mode coupler is used to separate and synthesize biorthogonal polarized signals in the 17-31 GHz frequency band.

[0009] Preferably, the surfaces of the upper orthogonal mode coupler and the lower orthogonal mode coupler are provided with a multi-stage stepped impedance transformation structure, which is used to achieve efficient conversion to output to the 2.92mm waveguide-coaxial connector section.

[0010] Preferably, the waveguide converter has a gradually changing impedance matching structure inside. The waveguide converter achieves a smooth transition of the electromagnetic field between the common terminal of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler and the radiating horn feed port through the gradually changing impedance matching structure. The gradually changing impedance matching structure effectively suppresses the generation of higher-order modes and ensures the stability of the phase center across the entire frequency band.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the upper orthogonal mode coupler has four connection holes, and when the upper waveguide-coaxial connector is installed with the upper orthogonal mode coupler, the upper waveguide-coaxial connector is observed by bolts and fixed with threads in the connection holes.

[0012] Preferably, a locking hole is provided on one side of the upper orthogonal mode coupler and the lower orthogonal mode coupler, and when the side waveguide-coaxial connector is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler, a bolt is threaded through the side waveguide-coaxial connector and the locking hole.

[0013] Preferably, the upper orthogonal mode coupler and the lower orthogonal mode coupler are provided with fastening holes on one side, the waveguide converter is provided with four adjustment slots on its surface, and when the waveguide converter is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler, it is connected to the fastening hole by bolts through the adjustment slots.

[0014] Preferably, the upper orthogonal mode coupler and the lower orthogonal mode coupler are provided with fastening holes on one side, the waveguide converter is provided with four adjustment slots on its surface, and when the waveguide converter is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler, it is connected to the fastening hole by bolts through the adjustment slots.

[0015] Preferably, both the waveguide converter and the radiating horn have positioning holes on their surfaces, and when the waveguide converter and the radiating horn are installed, the positioning holes in the radiating horn and the waveguide converter are aligned with each other to achieve positioning.

[0016] Preferably, mounting holes are provided at the four corners of the waveguide converter and the radiating horn, and when the waveguide converter and the radiating horn are installed, the mounting holes in the radiating horn and the waveguide converter are aligned with each other and then fixed with bolts.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Achieved high-performance dual-polarization operation in the millimeter-wave band: Based on the main structure of the orthogonal mode coupler, a high port isolation of >35dB and a cross-polarization level of <-30dB were achieved in the full frequency band of 17-31GHz, providing a reliable signal foundation for accurate testing of millimeter-wave devices.

[0018] 2. Ensures wideband stability of radiation characteristics: The specially designed waveguide converter, through precise impedance matching and mode control, enables the feed to maintain a voltage standing wave ratio of <3 across the entire frequency band while effectively stabilizing the phase center and controlling the beam pointing deviation within ±2°.

[0019] 3. Significantly improves engineering applicability and reliability: The integrated waveguide-coaxial converter solves the problem of unreliable millimeter-wave band connections. Its voltage standing wave ratio remains <3 across the entire frequency band, while avoiding performance uncertainties caused by external conversion components, thus improving system assembly repeatability to over 95%.

[0020] 4. Breakthrough in millimeter-wave feedstock manufacturing bottlenecks: By optimizing structural parameters, key dimensional tolerances are relaxed to ±0.02mm, a range achievable through conventional precision machining. This reduces manufacturing costs by approximately 40% while maintaining performance, and increases product yield to over 85%. It meets the millimeter-wave testing requirements in harsh environments such as automotive and space-based applications. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional front view structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional rear-view left-side structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional rear-view schematic diagram of the right-side structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the inverted state structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the separated upright state structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the separated inverted state structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in its exploded upright state; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in its exploded inverted state.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Broadband orthogonal mode coupler section; 11. Upper orthogonal mode coupler; 111. Connecting hole; 12. Lower orthogonal mode coupler; 2. Waveguide-coaxial connector section; 21. Side waveguide-coaxial connector; 22. Upper waveguide-coaxial connector; 3. Waveguide converter; 31. Adjustment slot; 32. Positioning hole; 4. Radiation horn; 41. Mounting hole; 5. Locking hole; 6. Fastening hole. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention provides a high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna structure as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, it includes a broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1, which includes an upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 and a lower orthogonal mode coupler 12. The upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 and the lower orthogonal mode coupler 12 are stacked on top of each other. The broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1 is used to realize the separation and synthesis of biorthogonal polarization signals in the 17-31GHz frequency band.

[0025] From the perspective of phase stabilization technology, this invention addresses the extreme sensitivity of phase to changes in structural dimensions due to the extremely short wavelength. This invention introduces a precise phase compensation design into the waveguide converter, employing a continuously gradient surface based on elliptic curves or polynomials, rather than simple linear or exponential gradients. This actively "calibrates" the inherent phase lead or lag in the high-frequency band, thereby controlling the phase center drift within a smaller subwavelength order of magnitude across the entire frequency band. This is a more advanced and precise phase control technology.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8As shown, a waveguide-coaxial connector 2 is connected to the orthogonal signal port of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1. The waveguide-coaxial connector 2 includes a side waveguide-coaxial connector 21 and an upper waveguide-coaxial connector 22. The upper waveguide-coaxial connector 22 is connected to the surface of the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11. The side waveguide-coaxial connector 21 is disposed on the side of the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 and the lower orthogonal mode coupler 12. The surface of the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 has four connection holes 111. When the upper waveguide-coaxial connector 22 is installed with the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11, the upper waveguide-coaxial connector 22 is observed to be threaded and fixed to the connection holes 111 by bolts. A locking hole 5 is provided on one side of the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 and the lower orthogonal mode coupler 12. When the side waveguide-coaxial connector 21 is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1, the side waveguide-coaxial connector 21 is threaded and connected to the locking hole 5 by bolts passing through the side waveguide-coaxial connector 21.

[0027] In practice, the surfaces of the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 and the lower orthogonal mode coupler 12 are provided with a multi-stage stepped impedance transformation structure, which is used to achieve efficient conversion to output to the 2.92mm waveguide-coaxial connector section 2.

[0028] From the perspective of suppressing higher-order modes, this invention addresses the fact that even minute discontinuities in the millimeter-wave band more easily excite higher-order modes. Therefore, this invention designs an integrated resonance suppression structure in key regions of the OMT and waveguide converter, capable of selectively absorbing and dissipating specific higher-order mode energy, rather than simply relying on geometry optimization. This is an active, "filtering" mode cleanup technique.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, a waveguide converter 3 is provided at the common port of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler unit 1, and a radiating horn 4 is connected to one end of the waveguide converter 3. A fastening hole 6 is provided on one side of the upper orthogonal mode coupler 11 and the lower orthogonal mode coupler 12. Four adjustment grooves 31 are provided on the surface of the waveguide converter 3. When the waveguide converter 3 is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler unit 1, it is threaded to the fastening hole 6 by bolts passing through the adjustment grooves 31. Positioning holes 32 are provided on the surfaces of both the waveguide converter 3 and the radiating horn 4. When the waveguide converter 3 and the radiating horn 4 are installed, the radiating horn 4 is aligned with the positioning holes 32 in the waveguide converter 3 to achieve positioning. Mounting holes 41 are provided at the four corner positions on the surfaces of the waveguide converter 3 and the radiating horn 4. When the waveguide converter 3 and the radiating horn 4 are installed, the radiating horn 4 is aligned with the mounting holes 41 in the waveguide converter 3 and then fixed with bolts.

[0030] In implementation, the waveguide converter 3 is internally equipped with a tapered impedance matching structure. This structure enables a smooth transition of the electromagnetic field between the common terminal of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1 and the feed port of the radiating horn 4. This tapered impedance matching structure effectively suppresses the generation of higher-order modes and ensures the stability of the phase center across the entire frequency band. From the perspective of integration and interconnection accuracy, this invention proposes an ultra-smooth surface roughness requirement of Ra < 0.2μm for the waveguide-coaxial converter for millimeter waves.

[0031] From the perspective of materials and manufacturing processes, this invention specifies particular processes such as precision electroforming or ultra-precision machining to reduce surface loss in the millimeter-wave band, ensuring extremely low loss and ultra-high dimensional accuracy in the signal transmission path. This specific selection of core materials and manufacturing methods is itself a key technological differentiator.

[0032] In summary, this invention represents a technological upgrade and solution reconstruction aimed at higher frequency bands and more stringent physical challenges. It introduces unique technical means such as phase compensation design, active mode purification, ultra-high precision interconnection, and special material processing. Working principle: The main body of this invention adopts a broadband orthogonal mode coupler 1 to realize the separation and synthesis of dual orthogonal polarization signals in the 17-31GHz frequency band. Its common terminal is connected to the radiating horn 4 through a precision-designed waveguide converter 3.

[0033] The innovative waveguide converter 3 adopts a gradient impedance matching structure to achieve a smooth transition of the electromagnetic field between the common terminal of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1 and the feed port of the radiating horn 4. This gradient impedance matching structure effectively suppresses the generation of higher-order modes and ensures the stability of the phase center across the entire frequency band.

[0034] The two orthogonal signal ports of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1 are integrated with a side waveguide-coaxial connector 21 and an upper waveguide-coaxial connector 22, respectively. The multi-stage stepped impedance transformation structure in the broadband orthogonal mode coupler section 1 realizes the efficient conversion of the waveguide TE10 mode to the coaxial TEM mode, and finally outputs to the standard 2.92mm waveguide-coaxial connector section 2.

[0035] The core innovation of this invention lies in the synergistic design of these three parts, which simultaneously achieves: a port isolation of >35dB in dual-polarization operating mode, impedance matching characteristics of <3 across the entire frequency band, and stable radiation pattern performance in the millimeter-wave band. The specially optimized waveguide conversion structure effectively compensates for phase distortion in the high-frequency band, while the integrated waveguide-coaxial converter significantly improves the convenience of engineering applications while ensuring transmission efficiency.

[0036] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A highly stable ultra-wideband feed antenna, comprising a wideband orthogonal mode coupler section (1), characterized in that: The orthogonal signal port of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler (1) is connected to a waveguide-coaxial connector (2), and a waveguide converter (3) is provided at the common port of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler (1), and a radiating horn (4) is connected to one end of the waveguide converter (3). The broadband orthogonal mode coupler unit (1) includes an upper orthogonal mode coupler (11) and a lower orthogonal mode coupler (12), which are stacked vertically on top of each other. The waveguide-coaxial connector section (2) includes a side waveguide-coaxial connector (21) and an upper waveguide-coaxial connector (22). The upper waveguide-coaxial connector (22) is connected to the surface of the upper orthogonal mode coupler (11), and the side waveguide-coaxial connector (21) is disposed on the side of the upper orthogonal mode coupler (11) and the lower orthogonal mode coupler (12).

2. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broadband orthogonal mode coupler (1) is used to realize the separation and synthesis of biorthogonal polarization signals in the 17-31GHz frequency band.

3. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfaces of the upper orthogonal mode coupler (11) and the lower orthogonal mode coupler (12) are provided with a multi-stage stepped impedance transformation structure, which is used to achieve efficient conversion to output to the 2.92mm waveguide-coaxial connector section (2).

4. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide converter (3) is equipped with a gradient impedance matching structure. The waveguide converter (3) achieves a smooth transition of electromagnetic field between the common terminal of the broadband orthogonal mode coupler (1) and the feed port of the radiating horn (4) through the gradient impedance matching structure. The gradient impedance matching structure effectively suppresses the generation of higher-order modes and ensures the stability of the phase center in the entire frequency band.

5. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the upper orthogonal mode coupler (11) is provided with four connection holes (111), and when the upper waveguide-coaxial connector (22) is installed with the upper orthogonal mode coupler (11), the upper waveguide-coaxial connector (22) is observed through bolts and is threadedly fixed with the connection holes (111).

6. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper orthogonal mode coupler (11) and the lower orthogonal mode coupler (12) are provided with locking holes (5) on one side. When the side waveguide-coaxial connector (21) is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler part (1), the side waveguide-coaxial connector (21) is threadedly connected to the locking hole (5) by a bolt through the side waveguide-coaxial connector (21).

7. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper orthogonal mode coupler (11) and the lower orthogonal mode coupler (12) are provided with fastening holes (6) on one side. The surface of the waveguide converter (3) is provided with four adjustment slots (31). When the waveguide converter (3) is connected to the broadband orthogonal mode coupler part (1), it is threadedly connected to the fastening holes (6) by bolts through the adjustment slots (31).

8. The high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide converter (3) and the radiating horn (4) are both provided with positioning holes (32). When the waveguide converter (3) and the radiating horn (4) are installed, the radiating horn (4) and the positioning holes (32) in the waveguide converter (3) are aligned with each other to achieve positioning.

9. A high-stability ultra-wideband feed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mounting holes (41) are provided at the four corners of the surface of the waveguide converter (3) and the radiating horn (4). When the waveguide converter (3) and the radiating horn (4) are installed, the radiating horn (4) and the mounting holes (41) in the waveguide converter (3) are aligned with each other and then fixed with bolts.

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