A method for elongating and forging a high-silicon alloy electroslag ingot with high width expansion ratio
By using a six-stage forging process with small electroslag round ingots under ordinary forging fixtures, the problems of poor thermoplasticity and cracking in the forging process of difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloys were solved, and the production of forging billets with high width elongation and good surface quality was achieved, thereby improving production efficiency and equipment versatility.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FUSHUN SPECIAL STEEL SHARES
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
AI Technical Summary
High-silicon alloys that are difficult to deform have poor thermoplasticity and high deformation resistance during the forging process, which leads to low forging production efficiency and difficulty in controlling surface quality. In particular, when producing wide steel plates, existing processes are prone to forging cracks and low production efficiency.
Using small-sized electroslag round ingots and ordinary forging fixtures, a six-stage forging process is carried out to control the reduction, step length, chamfer angle and heating process. Combined with rolling and vertical light pressing, the as-cast structure is gradually improved, the lateral flow of metal is promoted, and high width-to-length drawing forging is achieved.
This method achieves high forging ratio and good surface quality in fewer forging passes, reducing energy consumption, improving production efficiency, and reducing equipment dependence. It is suitable for wide-width forging of difficult-to-deform steel grades.
Smart Images
Figure CN121669832B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal material forging technology, specifically relating to a high-width elongation forging method for high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingots that are difficult to deform. Background Technology
[0002] A high-silicon alloy, domestically equivalent to 022Cr14Ni16Si6MoCu, exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in strongly acidic media. It is widely used in core components of sulfuric acid and nitric acid production equipment, such as dry absorption towers, absorption tower linings, and acid separators, replacing traditional ceramic tile structures. This reduces weight by approximately 30% and lowers leakage rates by about 90%, offering high safety and economy. The market application prospects are promising, with a significant increase in demand for wide steel plates and increasingly stringent metallurgical quality requirements. To meet market demands for this high-silicon alloy wide steel plate (typically 1500 mm wide and 6000 mm long) and high metallurgical purity, the current production process primarily employs electroslag remelting of round ingots + round ingot forging and billet rolling. This requires forging billets to have a width of at least 1200 mm and good surface quality to match the rolling equipment for wide steel plate production. However, the alloy contains up to 6% silicon. Due to its low melting point and low specific gravity, silicon will cause severe dendrite segregation during the solidification of molten steel, which will promote the precipitation of brittle intermetallic phases such as σ phase at the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the melting point of the silicon-rich region is even lower (around 1220℃). At the same time, its alloy ratio is as high as 40% and it contains copper, which leads to poor thermoplasticity, high deformation resistance, and problems such as narrow hot working window and difficulty in deformation. Wide-width forging billets must be forged using small reduction, short step length, and multiple forging cycles, which significantly increases the difficulty of forging production and surface quality control. Current forging methods mainly include upsetting small ingots and direct drawing of large ingots. To reduce ingot segregation, upsetting with small ingots, using convex anvils, wedge anvils, or specialized widening dies, is preferred. However, during upsetting, the outer surface of the ingot is subjected to intense tensile stress. Given the poor thermoplasticity of this alloy, severe surface cracking is highly likely, making further forging impossible. This also results in more forging passes, a higher tendency to crack, and low production efficiency. While direct drawing of large ingots can achieve widths exceeding 1200mm, the severe segregation in large ingots necessitates longer homogenization processes and similar issues of multiple forging passes, cracking, and low production efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-width-ratio drawing forging method for difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag remelting round ingots. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention discloses a high-width elongation forging method for high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingots that are difficult to deform. Under ordinary forging tooling conditions, a flat anvil and a small steel ingot of suitable size are used for direct elongation forging. Only a few forging passes are required to obtain a forging billet with ideal width and good surface quality.
[0004] The specific technical solution is as follows:
[0005] Based on the desired billet width and the actual available steel ingot size, a suitable small ingot shape is selected for forging. In this case, the required billet width is at least 1200mm, and a suitable small ingot shape is a Φ1100mm electroslag round ingot. The steel ingot needs to undergo homogenization treatment before forging, and is then removed from the furnace for forging. The forging and drawing process includes six passes, and the main operations and parameter ranges for each pass are as follows:
[0006] First forging: Forging reduction is 20mm-40mm, step size is 200mm-300mm, rolling method is used to flatten the steel ingot surface, remove slag grooves and pits, and control the forging size to 1050mm-1070mm; the final forging temperature is not lower than 950℃, and the intermediate billet is immediately reheated after forging. Heating process: holding temperature is 1150℃-1200℃, and holding for 2-3 hours after thorough heating to restore thermoplasticity; the macroscopic morphology after forging is as follows. Figure 2 As shown;
[0007] Second forging: The reduction is 40mm-50mm, the step size is 200mm-300mm, 2-3 passes for flat forging → 2-3 passes for flipping and forging → 2 passes for each 45° chamfer; the forging dimensions are 780mm-820mm thickness and 1060mm-1100mm width; the final forging temperature is not lower than 950℃, and the intermediate billet is immediately reheated after forging, using the same heating process as the first forging; the macroscopic morphology after forging is as follows. Figure 3 As shown;
[0008] Third forging: The reduction is 50mm-70mm, the step size is 200mm-300mm, 1-2 passes for flat forging → 1-2 passes for flipping forging → 2 passes for each 30° chamfering step → clamping. Due to the increased width-to-thickness ratio of the intermediate billet, the chamfering angle is reduced to avoid forging offset torque damaging the equipment and affecting the forging effect. At this point, the size of the intermediate billet is suitable for clamping operation, which facilitates subsequent forging operations. The forged dimensions are 570mm-610mm thickness and 1120mm-1150mm width. The final forging temperature is not lower than 950℃. The intermediate billet reheating process is the same as the previous forging. The macroscopic morphology after forging is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.
[0009] Fourth forging: Planar reduction is 60mm-70mm, vertical reduction is 20mm-30mm, step length is 150mm-200mm; 1-2 passes for planar forging → 1-2 passes for flipping → 1 pass for vertical forging; Post-forging dimensions are 390mm-430mm thickness and 1180mm-1200mm width. At this stage, the width-to-thickness ratio of the intermediate billet is too large, and the chamfering forging method is no longer applicable; the final forging temperature is the same as the previous forging, and the intermediate billet reheating process is the same as the previous forging; the macroscopic morphology after forging is as follows. Figure 5 As shown.
[0010] Fifth forging: Planar reduction is 50mm-60mm, vertical reduction is 15mm-25mm, step length is 150mm-200mm; 1-2 passes for planar pressing → 1-2 passes for flipping pressing → 1 pass for vertical pressing, with light vertical pressing to achieve flatness and straighten lateral bends; post-forging dimensions are thickness 270mm-300mm and width 1220mm-1240mm; final forging temperature and reheating process are the same as previous forgings; post-forging macroscopic morphology is as follows. Figure 6 As shown.
[0011] Sixth forging: Planar reduction is 50mm-60mm, vertical reduction is 10mm-20mm, and step length is 100mm-150mm; 1-2 passes of planar pressing → 1-2 passes of flipping pressing → 1 pass of vertical pressing → shaping; final forging temperature not lower than 950℃, shaping temperature not lower than 900℃, to obtain a forged billet with good shape and surface quality; post-forging dimensions are 180mm-210mm thickness and 1230mm-1260mm width; post-forging macroscopic morphology as shown... Figure 7 As shown.
[0012] Invention point description:
[0013] Using conventional free forging equipment and ordinary forging fixtures with a flat anvil, and with relatively small round ingots, under the conditions of six forging passes and forging deformation amounts that difficult-to-deform alloys can withstand, the heating process of the ingot and intermediate billet was optimized by controlling the forging sequence, deformation amount, step length, and intermediate billet shape and size in each pass. Measures such as staged control of reduction, step length, chamfering forging angle, reduction of forging contact area, and light pressure on the vertical surface were employed to assist in widening and promote lateral metal flow, achieving a high widening ratio. Deformation was gradually transferred from the surface to the core, significantly improving the as-cast microstructure and thus achieving stable deformation with a high widening ratio. In the critical passes, rolling was used to improve surface quality and thermoplasticity, chamfering forging assisted widening, and the intermediate billet shape was controlled to promote widening. Using smaller ingots, elongation forging, and fewer forging passes, wide forged billets with good surface quality were obtained.
[0014] The first forging is mainly used to smooth out slag grooves and pits on the surface of steel ingots. It uses appropriate reduction and step size for forging to break the surface cast structure, improve thermoplasticity, and make the head and tail dimensions of the steel ingot consistent. This lays the foundation for subsequent forging operations and obtaining good surface quality and shape. The final forging temperature should be reasonably controlled to avoid the problem of forging cracks caused by poor thermoplasticity due to excessively low temperature.
[0015] The second forging process aims to deform the round intermediate billet primarily in the upper and lower directions. It employs appropriate forging reduction and step size, along with matching chamfering at a suitable angle. This process helps to increase the width of the billet and reduces the width of the upper and lower planes, resulting in a cross-sectional shape that is narrow at the top and bottom and wide in the middle. This reduces the contact area between the upper and lower surfaces and the flat anvil during subsequent forging, thereby achieving a similar widening effect to convex anvil forging while reducing lateral flow resistance of the metal and significantly improving the widening effect.
[0016] Third forging: Using the intermediate billet shape obtained from the second forging, appropriate reduction and step size forging are adopted. By increasing the forging deformation in both the upper and lower directions, the width is promoted. Chamfering is then carried out at an appropriate angle to further increase the width, resulting in an intermediate billet shape similar to that of the second forging, which provides favorable conditions for subsequent high width elongation forging.
[0017] Fourth step: In the upper and lower planes, a large drawing and pressing amount and a suitable step length are used to promote the forging and expansion deformation, and to shape the vertical surface forging to achieve the purpose of regular shape;
[0018] Fifth step: Use a larger drawing and pressing amount and a smaller step size for rapid forging to avoid forging difficulties and surface cracking caused by the thinner intermediate billet cooling down quickly.
[0019] The sixth step mainly involves using a larger drawing and reduction amount, small step size, and rapid forging to the target size. This avoids forging difficulties caused by thin billet size and relatively large deformation. Under the condition of ensuring the final forging temperature, it obtains the required size, shape, and good surface quality of the forging billet, and uses a larger reduction amount to refine the forging structure.
[0020] Compared with traditional processes, this invention has the following advantages: no additional tooling is required; a width ratio of more than 10% higher than that of ordinary forging can be obtained simply by flat anvil drawing forging; the equipment is highly versatile; the forging process is reduced from 10 forging passes to 6 forging passes, reducing energy consumption, increasing efficiency, and effectively reducing production costs; the process is simple and highly operable; the surface quality is good, the forging billet has a regular geometric shape, and the internal structure is uniform and dense; it is suitable for wide-width forging of high-silicon alloys and other difficult-to-deform steels with high deformation resistance, poor thermoplasticity, and easy cracking. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the process for high-width elongation forging of difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingots provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figures 2 to 7 All images are macroscopic morphological images after each forging process.
[0023] Figures 8 to 10 The images shown are macroscopic morphological images of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 after forging. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0025] The process of high-width elongation forging of difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingots is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Using Φ1100 mm electroslag round ingots as raw material, after homogenization treatment, the ingots were forged in a furnace. The forging process was completed in six passes. For ease of description and clarity, the formula for calculating the "average width spread" mentioned in the text is as follows: Average width spread = (Final forged billet width - Maximum size at the start of elongation forging) / (Maximum size at the start of elongation forging - Final forged billet thickness). The chamfer angle mentioned in the text refers to the angle of rotation of the trolley to the left or right when the large surface of the intermediate billet is perpendicular to the anvil and aligned. Example
[0026] First forging: 40mm reduction, 300mm step size, surface rolling, forging dimension 1060mm, final forging temperature 990℃, immediately reheated to 1170℃ and held for 2.5h; macroscopic morphology after forging as shown. Figure 2 As shown.
[0027] Second forging: 50mm reduction, 300mm step; 3 passes for flat forging → 2 passes for flipping and forging → 2 passes for each of the 45° chamfering passes → vertical shaping; final thickness 810 mm, width 1080 mm; final forging temperature 965℃; reheat to 1180℃ in the furnace, hold for 3 hours; final macroscopic morphology as shown. Figure 3 As shown.
[0028] Third pass: 55mm reduction, 250mm step length; 2 passes for flat pressing → 2 passes for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 30° chamfering → vertical shaping; final thickness 590mm, width 1140mm; final forging temperature 950℃, after pressing, return to furnace and heat to 1180℃, hold for 3 hours; final macroscopic morphology as follows: Figure 4 As shown.
[0029] Fourth forging: 60 mm reduction on the flat surface, 20 mm reduction on the vertical surface, step length 200 mm; 2 passes on the flat surface → 1 pass on the flipped surface → 1 light pass on the vertical surface; final thickness 410 mm, width 1190 mm; final forging temperature 965℃, after pressing, return to the furnace and heat to 1180℃, hold for 2 hours; final macroscopic morphology as shown. Figure 4 As shown.
[0030] Fifth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 15 mm vertical reduction, step size 150 mm; 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass; forging thickness 290 mm, width 1230 mm; final forging temperature 960℃; reheat to 1170℃ in the furnace, hold for 2 hours; macroscopic morphology after forging as shown. Figure 6 As shown.
[0031] Sixth forging: 50 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, step size 100 mm; 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass → shaping; final forging temperature 965 ℃, shaping temperature 920 ℃; forging thickness 190 mm, width 1250 mm; macroscopic morphology after forging as shown... Figure 7 As shown.
[0032] The forging billet produced by this process has a final width of 1250 mm, a smooth surface, no serious defects, and an average width expansion rate of 21.8%. Example
[0033] First forging: 35 mm reduction, 300 mm step, surface rolling, forging dimension 1070 mm, final forging temperature 975℃; immediately after forging, return to the furnace and reheat to 1160℃, hold for 2.5 h.
[0034] Second forging: 45 mm reduction, 300 mm step, 3 passes for flat surface pressing → 3 passes for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 45° chamfering → vertical surface shaping; thickness after forging 800 mm, width 1090 mm; final forging temperature 960 ℃; reheat to 1160 ℃ in the furnace and hold for 2 hours.
[0035] Third forging: 60 mm reduction, 300 mm step, 2 passes for flat surface pressing → 1 pass for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 30° chamfering → vertical surface shaping; thickness after forging: 620 mm, width: 1145 mm; final forging temperature: 950 ℃, after pressing with clamps, return to the furnace for heating, hold at 1180 ℃ for 3 hours.
[0036] Fourth forging: 70 mm flat reduction, 25 mm vertical reduction, 150 mm step length, 2 passes flat forging → 1 pass flipping forging → 1 pass light vertical forging; forging thickness 410 mm, width 1200 mm; final forging temperature 965 ℃, reheat to 1170 ℃ in the furnace, hold for 3 hours.
[0037] Fifth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, 150 mm step length, 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass; forging thickness 290 mm, width 1235 mm; final forging temperature 970 ℃; reheat to 1180 ℃ in the furnace and hold for 2 h.
[0038] Sixth forging: 50 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, 150 mm step length, 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass → shaping; final forging temperature 960℃, shaping temperature 910℃; forging thickness 190 mm, width 1255 mm.
[0039] The forging billet produced by this process has a final width of 1255 mm, a smooth surface, no serious defects, and an average width expansion rate of 21.0%. Example
[0040] First forging: 40 mm reduction, 200 mm step, surface rolling, forging dimension 1060 mm, final forging temperature 955℃; immediately after forging, return to the furnace and heat to 1190℃, hold for 2 hours.
[0041] Second forging: 45 mm reduction, 300 mm step, 3 passes for flat surface pressing → 3 passes for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 45° chamfering → vertical surface shaping; after forging, the thickness is 790 mm and the width is 1070 mm, and the final forging temperature is 975 ℃; immediately after forging, return to the furnace and heat to 1190 ℃ for 2.5 h.
[0042] Third heat: 60 mm reduction, 300 mm step, 2 passes for flat surface pressing → 1 pass for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 30° chamfering → vertical surface shaping; after forging, the thickness is 610 mm and the width is 1125 mm, and the final forging temperature is 960 ℃; after pressing the clamp handle, return it to the furnace and heat it to 1180 ℃, and hold it for 2.5 h.
[0043] Fourth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 30 mm vertical reduction, 200 mm step length, 2 passes flat forging → 1 pass flipping forging → 1 pass light vertical forging; forging thickness 430 mm, width 1195 mm, final forging temperature 960℃, press the clamp and then return to the furnace to heat to 1180℃, hold for 3 h.
[0044] Fifth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, 200 mm step length, 1 pass flat pressing → 1 pass flipping pressing → light pressing and straightening of vertical surface; thickness after forging is 310 mm, width is 1230 mm, final forging temperature is 965 ℃, reheat to 1175 ℃ and hold for 2.5 h.
[0045] Sixth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 15 mm vertical reduction, 100 mm step length, 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → light vertical pressing, straightening and side bending → shaping; final forging temperature 960 ℃, shaping temperature 905 ℃; forging thickness 190 mm, width 1260 mm.
[0046] The forging billet produced by this process has a final width of 1260 mm, a smooth surface, no serious defects, and an average width expansion rate of 23.0%.
[0047] Comparative Example 1
[0048] Small ingot upsetting rough forging:
[0049] Using Φ930mm electroslag round ingots as raw materials, after homogenization treatment, the process of upsetting forging-ordinary flat anvil drawing forging is selected, and the process is completed in ten forging passes. The forging reduction is controlled between 20mm and 60mm, and the final forging temperature is controlled between 950℃ and 980℃.
[0050] Due to the use of upsetting technology and multiple forging passes, the surface suffered severe damage and cracking. The final thickness of the forged billet was 190 mm, and the width was 1210 mm, extending the forging time by approximately 40%. Figure 8 Macroscopic morphological observation shows that the forging surface produced by this method has severe cracks.
[0051] Comparative Example 2
[0052] Large ingot drawing and forging:
[0053] Using Φ1235 mm electroslag round ingots as raw materials, after homogenization treatment, the process is carried out by ordinary flat anvil drawing forging, which is completed in ten forging passes. The forging reduction is controlled between 20 mm and 60 mm, and the final forging temperature is controlled between 950℃ and 980℃.
[0054] Due to the small forging reduction and insufficient lateral metal flow, the final forging billet thickness was only 200 mm, and the width only reached 1300 mm, with an average width spread of 11.1%, extending the forging time by approximately 40%. Figure 9 Macroscopic morphological observation shows that the surface cracks are severe in this method.
[0055] Comparative Example 3
[0056] Φ1100 ingot normal drawing and forging process:
[0057] Φ1100 mm electroslag round ingots were used as raw materials, and were homogenized before forging. The forging process was carried out using ordinary flat anvil drawing, and was completed in six passes. The forging reduction was controlled between 30 mm and 70 mm, and the final forging temperature was controlled between 950℃ and 990℃.
[0058] Due to insufficient lateral metal flow, the final thickness of the forging was 200 mm, and the width only reached 1150 mm, with an average width spread of 10.3%, failing to reach a width of over 1200 mm. Figure 10 Macroscopic morphological observation and measurement show that the average width expansion rate of the elongation forging method is more than 10% lower than that of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for drawing and forging a high-width elongation ingot of a difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag remelting process, characterized in that, Based on the desired billet width and the actual available steel ingot size, a suitable small ingot shape is selected for forging. In this case, the required billet width is at least 1200mm, and a suitable small ingot shape is a Φ1100mm electroslag round ingot. The steel ingot needs to undergo homogenization treatment before forging, and is then forged after homogenization. The forging and drawing process includes six passes, and the main operations and parameter ranges for each pass are as follows: First forging: The forging reduction is 20mm-40mm, the step size is 200mm-300mm, the rolling method is used to flatten the surface of the steel ingot, and remove slag grooves and pits on the surface of the steel ingot. The forging size is controlled at 1050mm-1070mm. The final forging temperature is not lower than 950℃. After forging, the intermediate billet is immediately returned to the furnace for heating at a temperature of 1150℃-1200℃. After thorough heating, it is held at the temperature for 2h-3h to restore its thermoplasticity. Second forging: The reduction is 40mm-50mm, the step length is 200mm-300mm, 2-3 passes for flat pressing → 2-3 passes for flipping pressing → 2-3 passes for 45° chamfering → flattening of the vertical surface; the forging dimensions are 780mm-820mm thickness and 1060mm-1100mm width; the final forging temperature is not lower than 950℃, and the intermediate billet is immediately reheated after forging, with the heating process the same as the first forging; Third forging: The reduction is 50mm-70mm, and the step size is 200mm-300mm; the operation sequence is the same as the second forging. Due to the large width-to-thickness ratio of the intermediate billet, the chamfer angle is reduced to 30° to avoid forging offset torque, which could damage the equipment and affect the forging effect; the forging dimensions are 570mm-610mm in thickness and 1120mm-1150mm in width; the final forging temperature is not lower than 950℃, and the billet is then reheated in the furnace. The reheating process is the same as the previous forging. Fourth forging: Planar reduction is 60mm-70mm, vertical reduction is 20mm-30mm, and step length is 150mm-200mm; 1-2 passes of planar forging → 1-2 passes of flipping forging → light vertical forging; Post-forging dimensions are 390mm-430mm thickness and 1180mm-1200mm width. At this point, the width-to-thickness ratio of the intermediate billet is too large, and the chamfering forging method is no longer applicable; Final forging temperature and process are the same as the previous forging; Fifth forging: Planar reduction is 50mm-60mm, vertical reduction is 15mm-25mm, and step length is 150mm-200mm; 1-2 passes of planar pressing → 1-2 passes of flipping pressing → light pressing, straightening, and side bending of the vertical surface; Post-forging dimensions are 270mm-300mm thickness and 1220mm-1240mm width; Final forging temperature and reheating process are the same as the previous forging; Sixth forging: 50mm-60mm reduction on the flat surface, 15mm-25mm reduction on the vertical surface, and a step length of 100mm-150mm; 1-2 passes of flat surface pressing → 1-2 passes of flipping pressing → light pressing, straightening, and side bending on the vertical surface → shaping; final forging temperature not lower than 950℃, shaping temperature not lower than 900℃; post-forging dimensions are 180mm-210mm thickness and 1230mm-1260mm width.
2. The high-width elongation drawing forging method for difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, First forging: 40mm reduction, 300mm step, surface rolling, forging size 1060mm, final forging temperature 990℃, immediately reheated to 1170℃ after forging, and held for 2.5h. Second heat: 50mm reduction, 300mm step; 3 passes for flat pressing → 2 passes for flipping pressing → 2 passes for 45° chamfering pressing → vertical shaping; thickness after forging 810mm, width 1080mm; final forging temperature 965℃; reheat to 1180℃ in the furnace and hold for 3 hours. Third heat: 55mm reduction, 250mm step; 2 passes of flat pressing → 2 passes of flipping pressing → 2 passes of pressing at 30° chamfering → vertical shaping; thickness after forging: 590 mm, width: 1140 mm; final forging temperature: 950℃; after pressing with clamps, return to the furnace and heat to 1180℃, hold for 3 hours. Fourth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, step length 200 mm; 2 passes flat forging → 1 pass flipping forging → 1 pass light vertical forging; forging thickness 410 mm, width 1190 mm; final forging temperature 965℃, press the clamps and then reheat to 1180℃ in the furnace, hold for 2 hours. Fifth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 15 mm vertical reduction, step size 150 mm; 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass; forging thickness 290 mm, width 1230 mm; final forging temperature 960℃; reheat to 1170℃ in the furnace and hold for 2 hours. Sixth forging: 50 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, step size 100 mm; 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass → shaping; final forging temperature 965℃, shaping temperature 920℃; forging thickness 190mm, width 1250mm. The forging billet produced by this process has a final width of 1250 mm, a smooth surface, no serious defects, and an average width expansion rate of 21.8%.
3. The high-width elongation drawing forging method for difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, First forging: 35mm reduction, 300mm step, surface rolling, forging dimension 1070mm, final forging temperature 975℃; immediately after forging, return to the furnace and reheat to 1160℃, hold for 2.5h. Second heat: 45mm reduction, 300mm step, 3 passes for flat surface pressing → 3 passes for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 45° chamfer pressing → vertical surface shaping; thickness after forging 800mm, width 1090mm; final forging temperature 960℃; reheat to 1160℃ in the furnace and hold for 2 hours; Third forging: 60mm reduction, 300mm step, 2 passes for flat surface → 1 pass for flipping → 2 passes for each 30° chamfer → vertical surface shaping; thickness after forging: 620mm, width: 1145mm; final forging temperature: 950℃, after pressing with clamps, return to the furnace for heating, hold at 1180℃ for 3 hours. Fourth forging: 70 mm flat reduction, 25 mm vertical reduction, 150 mm step, 2 passes flat forging → 1 pass flipping forging → 1 pass light vertical forging; forging thickness 410 mm, width 1200 mm; final forging temperature 965℃, reheat to 1170℃ in the furnace, hold for 3 hours. Fifth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, 150 mm step, 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass; forging thickness 290 mm, width 1235 mm; final forging temperature 970℃; reheat to 1180℃ in the furnace and hold for 2 hours. Sixth forging: 50 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, 150 mm step, 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → 1 light vertical pressing pass → shaping; final forging temperature 960℃, shaping temperature 910℃; forging thickness 190mm, width 1255mm. The forging billet produced by this process has a final width of 1255mm, a smooth surface, no serious defects, and an average width expansion rate of 21.0%.
4. The method for high-width elongation drawing of a difficult-to-deform high-silicon alloy electroslag round ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that, First forging: 40mm reduction, 200mm step, surface rolling, forging dimension 1060mm, final forging temperature 955℃; immediately after forging, return to the furnace and heat to 1190℃, hold for 2 hours; Second heat: 45mm reduction, 300mm step, 3 passes for flat surface pressing → 3 passes for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 45° chamfering → vertical surface shaping; thickness after forging 790mm, width 1070mm, final forging temperature 975℃; immediately after forging, return to the furnace and heat to 1190℃ for 2.5h. Third heat: 60mm reduction, 300mm step, 2 passes for flat surface pressing → 1 pass for flipping pressing → 2 passes for each 30° chamfering → vertical surface shaping; after forging, the thickness is 610mm, the width is 1125mm, and the final forging temperature is 960℃; after pressing the clamp handle, return to the furnace and heat to 1180℃, hold for 2.5h. Fourth forging: 60mm flat reduction, 30mm vertical reduction, 200mm step length, 2 passes flat forging → 1 pass flipping forging → 1 pass light vertical forging; forging thickness 430mm, width 1195mm, final forging temperature 960℃, press the clamp handle and then reheat to 1180℃ in the furnace, hold for 3 hours. Fifth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 20 mm vertical reduction, 200 mm step length, 1 flat pressing pass → 1 flip pressing pass → light vertical pressing and straightening; forging thickness 310 mm, width 1230 mm, final forging temperature 965℃, reheat to 1175℃ and hold for 2.5 h. Sixth forging: 60 mm flat reduction, 15 mm vertical reduction, 100 mm step length, 1 pass flat pressing → 1 pass flipping pressing → light pressing, straightening and side bending of vertical surface → shaping; final forging temperature 960℃, shaping temperature 905℃; forging thickness 190mm, width 1260mm. The forging billet produced by this process has a final width of 1260 mm, a smooth surface, no serious defects, and an average width expansion rate of 23.0%.