Improver for granular structure of dry land soil as well as preparation and application methods of improver

Abstract

The invention provides a dry land soil aggregate structure improver and preparation and application methods thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural environment, the soil improver is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 5-15 parts of corn straw debris, 5-15 parts of rice straw debris, 8-20 parts of municipal sludge, 5-30 parts of a compound fertilizer, 5-15 parts of animal waste, and 1-5 parts of urea. The fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of a humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 1-5 parts of a microbial agent, 5-15 parts of fly ash, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of polyacrylamide, 3-15 parts of water glass and 5-15 parts of quick lime. According to the soil conditioner, the soil conditioner capable of stereoscopically improving the physicochemical properties of dry land soil is obtained by synergistically starting from three angles of organic, inorganic and biological.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural environment, in particular to a kind of dry land soil aggregate structure modifier. BACKGROUND

[0002] The dry land soil in the hilly region of the south generally has strong acidity (pH value is often lower than 5.5), low organic matter content, structure hardening and serious nutrient loss problems. These soil obstacle factors seriously limit the yield and quality improvement of crops. In the prior art, although there are some soil amendment products, most of them have single function, short-term effect or may cause secondary pollution.

[0003] The existing soil amendment on the market mainly includes the following categories: chemical amendment, organic amendment, high molecular polymer, mineral amendment, etc. These amendments can only solve some soil problems, lack of synergistic regulation of soil aggregate structure formation, and are difficult to meet the multiple needs of dry land soil improvement in the hilly region of the south.

[0004] In recent years, research shows that the formation and stability of soil aggregate structure are mainly regulated by organic matter content and pore structure. The latest research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences found that long-term application of organic fertilizer can significantly promote the accumulation of fresh and old granular organic matter in soil aggregates, and affect the decomposition rate and spatial distribution of organic matter by improving pore structure. This finding provides a theoretical basis for designing new soil amendment—by optimizing the allocation ratio of organic and inorganic components, synergistically improving soil pore structure and organic matter dynamic balance.

[0005] Patent CN109181248B discloses a soil amendment and its preparation method, which has single effect and is only for the treatment of heavy metal pollution; patent CN120555070A discloses a soil remediation amendment, soil remediation method and soil maintenance method, which has no obvious fertilization effect and introduces exogenous metal, and the preparation method is not convenient.

[0006] Patent CN117625204B discloses a composite soil amendment for farmland, which has defects in improving biological activity. For the dry land soil in the hilly region of the south, it is necessary to systematically solve the problems of soil acidification, structure hardening, lack of organic matter and low microbial activity, so it is very important to research a soil amendment for comprehensive treatment of soil. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a kind of dry land soil aggregate structure modifier, for the soil in the hilly region of the south, through organic-inorganic-biological composite formula, not only improve soil aggregate structure, but also comprehensively solve the problems of soil acidification, structure hardening, lack of organic matter and low microbial activity.

[0008] Another object of the present application is to provide a composite material for soil improvement, humic acid-sodium calcium modified zeolite composite material, which is very suitable as a functional material for soil improvement, can retain water, improve soil structure, and serve as a microbial carrier material.

[0009] Another object of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a dry land soil aggregate structure improver, which can prepare a dry land soil improver for the hilly areas in the south, and the method is simple and safe and stable in the preparation process.

[0010] Another object of the present application is to provide a method for applying a soil improver, which can apply the soil improver to land to effectively improve the physicochemical properties of the soil.

[0011] To achieve the above objects, the present application provides a dry land soil improver for the hilly areas in the south, which comprises, by weight fraction, corn stalk chips 5-15 parts, rice straw chips 5-15 parts, municipal sludge 8-20 parts, compound fertilizer 5-30 parts, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material 10-20 parts, microbial agent 1-5 parts, fly ash 5-15 parts, and quicklime 5-15 parts. The straw chips, municipal sludge, and compound fertilizer provide the conditions for the survival of the microbial agent, i.e., nitrogen source and carbon source. The humic acid-modified zeolite composite material can buffer nutrients and improve the soil aggregate structure. The fly ash serves to loosen the soil. The quicklime is used to neutralize the soil acidity and provide calcium elements. The microbial agent can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and improve the microbial activity of the soil.

[0012] Preferably, the present application comprises, by weight fraction, corn stalk chips 10-15 parts, rice straw chips 10-15 parts, municipal sludge 10-15 parts, compound fertilizer 15-25 parts, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material 15-20 parts, microbial agent 2-4 parts, fly ash 10-15 parts, and quicklime 10-15 parts.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the corn stalk chips and the rice straw chips is 2-3 cm. The municipal sludge is treated by aerobic fermentation and is crushed, and the organic matter content is 35-45%. The microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis (CGMCC 1.2416) with a viable bacterial count of 2×10 8 -5×10 8 CFU / g, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus (CGMCC 1.3714) with a viable bacterial count of 10×10 8 -12×10 8 CFU / g, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CGMCC 1.3714) with a viable bacterial count of 10×10 Bacillus subtilis CFU / g. Paenibacillus mucilaginosus CFU / g, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CGMCC 1.3714) with a viable bacterial count of 10×10 Bacillus amyloliquefaciensCGMCC1.1414, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 8 -5×10 8 CFU / g. The three bacteria work individually and synergistically. Bacillus mucilaginosus solubilizes phosphorus and potassium, converting unavailable phosphorus and potassium in the soil into available forms for crop utilization. At the same time, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens produce organic acids that synergistically alleviate soil acidity with the polysaccharides produced by Bacillus subtilis. The polysaccharides and lipopeptides produced by the three bacteria also promote the formation of soil aggregates. The three beneficial bacteria can quickly occupy ecological niches and inhibit the reproduction of harmful pathogens.

[0014] Preferably, the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material is prepared from humic acid powder and zeolite. The humic acid powder contains 70-80% humic acid, and the zeolite has a pore size of 0.3-1.0 nm, a porosity of 40-55%, and an ion exchange equivalent of 1.2-2.5 mmol / g. The compound fertilizer contains 25-30% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The fly ash has a porosity of 50-70% and a particle size of 40-100 mm. The quicklime contains 92-95% calcium oxide and has a particle size of 1-5 mm. Humic acid stimulates crop growth, improves aggregate structure, and enhances fertilizer retention capacity. Zeolite's strong ion exchange capacity adsorbs heavy metals and ammonium nitrogen, slowly releases nutrients, and regulates pH.

[0015] As a preferred option, the following components are also included, by weight: 5-10 parts bentonite, 5-10 parts polyacrylamide, 3-15 parts water glass, 5-15 parts animal manure, and 1-5 parts urea. The addition of polyacrylamide and bentonite further improves the soil aggregate structure. Polyacrylamide can quickly bind soil particles and organic matter particles together. Bentonite expands after absorbing water, filling the interior of the aggregates to lock in moisture. Modified zeolite and fly ash form a porous skeleton, providing structural support and preventing over-compaction. These four components work synergistically to form a water-stable and mechanically stable soil aggregate structure. Bentonite, polyacrylamide, and modified zeolite can also construct a drought-resistant and fertilizer-retaining system. During droughts, they can slowly release water and nutrients, improving crop cold resistance and fertilizer utilization. The addition of nitrogen source urea and organic matter animal manure enhances soil fertility and promotes faster conversion of organic matter in the amendment into humus by microorganisms.

[0016] Preferably, the bentonite has a fineness of 200 mesh and an expansion ratio of 20-30 times; the polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of 8-9 million, an anionic degree of 15-20%, and a cationic degree of 40-50%; the water glass has a silica content of 26-27%; the animal manure is fully decomposed sheep manure with an organic matter content of 24-28%; and the urea has a nitrogen content of 46-50%. Sheep manure has a milder and longer-lasting fertilizing effect than pig manure or chicken manure, and is more effective in improving soil structure.

[0017] A method for preparing humic acid-modified zeolite includes the following steps: S1. Clean the natural zeolite and dry it at 105℃ for later use; place the humic acid powder in a 0.1mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and heat it in a 60℃ water bath to prepare a 20g / L sodium humate solution for later use; prepare a mixed solution I of 1.0mol / L sodium chloride and 0.5mol / L calcium chloride. S2. Add zeolite to mixed solution I at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stir at 100-200 rpm for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 50-70℃, collect the solid by vacuum filtration, dry at 105℃ and pulverize to obtain modified zeolite. S3. Add the modified zeolite to the sodium humate solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, adjust the pH to 7.0-8.0, stir slowly at a constant temperature of 50℃ for 3-4 hours, collect the solid by suction filtration, dry at 70-80℃, pulverize and sieve to obtain the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material. The ion exchange capacity and adsorption capacity of zeolite modified with sodium and calcium are improved, and the resulting humic acid-modified zeolite has the ability to remove cations, anions and organic pollutants. The zeolite solidifies the humic acid, prolongs the reaction time, and increases the number of adsorption sites.

[0018] A method for preparing a soil conditioner includes the following steps: S1. Mix corn stalk fragments, rice straw fragments, quicklime, urban sludge and fly ash in a mixer according to the proportions to obtain primary materials; S2. Weigh out water glass, polyacrylamide, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, urea, bentonite, microbial agent and compound fertilizer in proportion, mix them evenly and add them to the primary material and mix evenly. Then ferment naturally to obtain fermented material.

[0019] S3. Screen the fermented material to obtain the final soil conditioner product.

[0020] Preferably, the stirring speed of S1 is 30-60 rpm, and the stirring time is 15-20 min; the stirring speed of S2 is 60-90 rpm, and the stirring time is 20-25 min, with a fermentation time of 5-8 days; the sieving process of S3 is to crush materials ≥2cm to below 2cm.

[0021] A method for using a soil conditioner includes the following steps: S1. Soil pretreatment: Deep tillage of farmland in hilly areas is carried out using soil tillage machinery to a depth of 20-30cm. S2. Soil conditioner application rate: Apply evenly at a rate of 100-200 kg / mu, depending on the degree of soil degradation. S3. Mixing and maintenance: Mix the amendment evenly with the topsoil, water to keep the soil moisture at 40-60%, and maintain for 7-30 days; S4. Planting crops: Normal planting operations can be carried out after the maintenance period is over.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Synergistic effect of multiple functions: It solves multiple problems such as soil structure, pH, organic matter content and microbial activity at the same time, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional soil conditioners with single function; (2) Long-lasting effect: By combining rapid action with slow-release effect, it can not only quickly improve soil conditions, but also maintain long-term effects; (3) Eco-friendly: It mainly utilizes industrial and agricultural waste (such as fly ash, urban sludge, straw, etc.) to achieve resource recycling and reduce environmental burden; (4) Wide applicability: It is designed specifically for dryland soils in hilly areas of the south, but it is also applicable to other soil types with similar obstacle characteristics.

[0023] The humic acid-modified zeolite composite material of this invention has multiple functions. It possesses the characteristics of humic acid itself, with a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, thus exhibiting excellent cation exchange capacity. It also possesses the characteristics of zeolite, with a microporous structure containing regular channels and cavities. This composite material can slowly release fertilizer, improve fertilizer utilization, improve soil structure, promote aggregate formation, and buffer and regulate pH. The functional groups in humic acid are weakly acidic, which can buffer hydrogen ions from the external environment. If the pH is too high, the composite material will dissociate and release hydrogen ions; conversely, it will bind hydrogen ions. The sodium and calcium ions in the modified zeolite can exchange with hydrogen ions in the environment. Under acidic conditions, it can consume some hydrogen ions, slowing down the rate of pH decrease. This composite material can also promote plant growth and increase crop yield like humic acid alone, with a more stable effect.

[0024] The soil conditioner of this invention works synergistically from three perspectives: organic, inorganic, and biological, to comprehensively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in hilly areas of southern China, avoiding the problems of single function, short-lasting effect, and potential secondary pollution. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. General Implementation Examples

[0026] Improver formulation: 5-15 parts corn stalk fragments, 5-15 parts rice straw fragments, 8-20 parts urban sludge, 5-30 parts compound fertilizer, 5-15 parts animal manure, 1-5 parts urea, 10-20 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 1-5 parts microbial agent, 5-15 parts fly ash, 5-10 parts bentonite, 5-10 parts polyacrylamide, 3-15 parts water glass, and 5-15 parts quicklime. Preparation method of humic acid-modified zeolite composite material: S1. Clean the natural zeolite and dry it at 105℃ for later use; place the humic acid powder in a 0.1mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and heat it in a 60℃ water bath to prepare a 20g / L sodium humate solution for later use; prepare a mixed solution I of 1.0mol / L sodium chloride and 0.5mol / L calcium chloride. S2. Add zeolite to mixed solution I at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stir at 100-200 rpm for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 50-70℃, collect the solid by vacuum filtration, dry at 105℃ and pulverize to obtain modified zeolite. S3. Add the modified zeolite to the sodium humate solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, adjust the pH to 7.0-8.0, stir slowly at a constant temperature of 50℃ for 3-4 hours, collect the solid by suction filtration, dry at 70-80℃, pulverize and sieve to obtain the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material. Preparation method of soil conditioner: S1. Mix corn stalk fragments, rice straw fragments, quicklime, urban sludge and fly ash in a mixer according to the proportion. Mix at a speed of 30-60 rpm for 15-20 minutes to obtain the primary material. S2. Weigh out water glass, polyacrylamide, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, urea, bentonite, microbial agent and compound fertilizer according to the proportion. Stir at 60-90 rpm for 20-25 minutes and then add to the primary material. Continue stirring at 60-90 rpm for 20-25 minutes until uniform. Allow to ferment naturally for 5-8 days to obtain fermented material.

[0027] S3. Screen the fermented material to obtain the final soil conditioner product. Example 1

[0028] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Preparation of humic acid-modified zeolite composite materials: S1. Clean the natural zeolite and dry it at 105℃ for later use; place the humic acid powder in a 0.1mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and heat it in a 60℃ water bath to prepare a 20g / L sodium humate solution for later use; prepare a mixed solution I of 1.0mol / L sodium chloride and 0.5mol / L calcium chloride. S2. Add zeolite to mixed solution I at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stir at 150 rpm for 6-8 hours at 60℃, collect the solid by vacuum filtration, dry and pulverize at 105℃ to obtain modified zeolite. S3. Add the modified zeolite to the sodium humate solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, adjust the pH to 7.0, stir slowly at a constant temperature of 50℃ for 3.5h, collect the solid by suction filtration, dry at 75℃, pulverize and sieve to obtain the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material. Preparation method of soil conditioner: S1. Mix corn stalk fragments, rice straw fragments, quicklime, urban sludge and fly ash in a mixer according to the proportions. Mix at 40 rpm for 18 minutes to obtain the primary material. S2. Weigh out water glass, polyacrylamide, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, urea, bentonite, microbial agent and compound fertilizer according to the proportion. Stir at 75 rpm for 13 minutes and then add to the primary material. Continue stirring at 75 rpm for 23 minutes until uniform. Allow to ferment naturally for 6 days to obtain fermented material.

[0029] S3. Screen the fermented material to obtain the final soil conditioner product. Example 2

[0030] Improver formula: 5 parts corn stalk fragments, 15 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. The preparation methods of the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material and the soil conditioner in this embodiment are the same as those in Example 1. Unless otherwise specified, subsequent implementations are the same as in Example 1. Example 3

[0031] Improver formula: 15 parts corn stalk fragments, 5 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0032] Examples 1-3 investigate the effect of the ratio of corn stalk fragments to rice straw fragments on soil conditioners. Example 4

[0033] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 8 parts urban sludge, 30 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 5

[0034] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 10 parts urban sludge, 25 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 6

[0035] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 20 parts urban sludge, 15 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0036] Examples 1 and 4-6 describe the effect of the ratio of urban sludge to compound fertilizer on soil conditioners. Example 7

[0037] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 5 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 8

[0038] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 15 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0039] Examples 1 and 7-8 investigate the effect of the amount of animal manure added on soil conditioners. Example 9

[0040] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 1 part urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 10

[0041] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 5 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0042] Examples 1 and 9-10 investigate the effect of the amount of urea added on soil conditioners. Example 11

[0043] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 10 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 12

[0044] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 18 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 13

[0045] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 20 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0046] Examples 1 and 11-13 investigate the effect of the amount of humic acid-modified zeolite composite material added on soil conditioners. Example 14

[0047] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 1 part microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 15

[0048] Improver formulation: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 5 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0049] Examples 1 and 14-15 investigate the effect of the amount of microbial inoculant added on soil conditioners. Example 16

[0050] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 5 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 17

[0051] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 15 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0052] Examples 1 and 16-17 investigate the effect of fly ash addition on soil conditioners. Example 18

[0053] Improver formulation: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 5 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 19

[0054] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 10 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0055] Examples 1 and 18-19 describe the effect of the amount of bentonite added on the soil conditioner. Example 20

[0056] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 5 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 21

[0057] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 10 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime.

[0058] Examples 1 and 20-21 describe the effect of the amount of polyacrylamide added on soil conditioners. Example 22

[0059] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 3 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 23

[0060] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 8 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Example 24

[0061] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 15 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. Examples 1 and 22-24 describe the effect of the amount of water glass added on the soil conditioner. Example 25

[0062] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 5 parts quicklime. Example 26

[0063] Improver formula: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 15 parts quicklime. Examples 1 and 25-26 describe the effect of the amount of quicklime added on the soil conditioner.

[0064] Sampling was performed on soils from Examples 1-26 above, and the soils were applied to soils in hilly areas of southern China with water-stable aggregate content of 15%-17%, soil porosity of 45%-50%, soil organic matter content of 15-20 g / kg, soil pH of 4.89-5.12, soil water holding capacity of 22-25%, and soil nutrient utilization rate (nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate) of 20%-30%, following the steps below: S1. Soil pretreatment: Deep tillage of farmland in hilly areas is carried out using soil tillage machinery to a depth of 25cm. S2. Soil conditioner application rate: Apply evenly at a rate of 100 kg / mu, depending on the degree of soil degradation. S3. Mixing and maintenance: Mix the amendment evenly with the topsoil, water to keep the soil moisture at 45%, and maintain for 15 days. S4. Planting crops: Normal planting operations can be carried out after the maintenance period is over.

[0065] After use, test soil aggregate structure, soil organic matter, soil pH, soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and crop yield. First test the initial results, then test the final results, and calculate the difference.

[0066] Table 1 Test results of Examples 1-26

[0067] As shown in the table above, this soil conditioner comprehensively addresses organic matter replenishment, soil structure improvement, nutrient supply, pH adjustment, water retention and fertilization, yield increase, and improvement of the microbial environment. Within the component range of this invention, as shown in Examples 1-3, the proportion of corn and rice straw fragments has little impact on the soil conditioner; both are major sources of organic matter and provide carbon sources. After decomposition by microorganisms, the resulting humus significantly reduces soil bulk density and increases porosity. As shown in Examples 1, 4-6, increasing the proportion of sludge replenishes organic matter; increasing the proportion of compound fertilizer effectively provides macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, increasing crop yield. As shown in Examples 1, 7-8, animal manure improves soil structure, increases soil porosity and water retention; increasing the amount of animal manure added increases the content of water-stable aggregates, soil porosity, organic matter, water retention, and crop yield. As shown in Examples 1, 9-10, increasing the amount of urea added improves the performance of the improved soil, especially in terms of increasing crop yield. As shown in Examples 1 and 11-13, the performance improvement of the humic acid-modified zeolite of the present invention initially increases and then slowly decreases within the scope of the invention. The optimal application range of humic acid-modified zeolite is 15-18 parts. Excessive application may make the soil too loose, thus reducing various physical and chemical properties of the soil. As shown in Examples 1 and 14-15, increasing the amount of microorganisms added improves various physical and chemical properties of the soil. As shown in Examples 1 and 16-17, increasing the amount of fly ash added improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but reduces the increase in crop yield. Fly ash reduces soil bulk density and viscosity, and can also adjust soil pH, provide elements such as silicon and calcium, and has a certain adsorption capacity, which can adsorb some pollutants and nutrients in the soil. However, excessive use will cause elements in the soil to be fixed, making them difficult for plants to absorb. As shown in Examples 1 and 18-19, increasing the amount of bentonite added increases the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Examples 1 and 20-21 show that the amount of polyacrylamide added is directly proportional to the soil's physical and chemical properties. Examples 1 and 22-24 show that when the amount of water glass added is 3-10 parts, the soil's physical and chemical properties increase with the increase of the added amount. Examples 1 and 25-26 show that the physical and chemical properties also improve with the increase of limestone added.

[0068] As shown in the table above, polyacrylamide and humic acid-modified zeolite play a decisive role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The formation of these aggregates relies on two core mechanisms: cementation and shaping / weaving. Polyacrylamide can simultaneously adsorb multiple soil particles, forming a strong three-dimensional network structure. Humic acid-modified zeolite provides a dual cementing effect; humic acid produces a stable and durable gel, and the pores of zeolite assist in the aggregation of other particles. Water glass, straw fragments, and animal manure play a major role. Water glass assists polyacrylamide in chemically cementing calcium ions in the soil and also synergistically forms a gel with humic acid, cementing other particles. Organic matter acts as a framework, entangled in the particles. Other substances mainly play a supporting and indirect role, collectively improving the water-stable soil aggregate structure.

[0069] The most significant factors in increasing soil organic matter content are straw debris and animal manure, followed by urban sludge, humic acid-modified zeolite, and compound fertilizers and urea. Compound fertilizers and urea indirectly affect soil organic matter by adjusting the overall C / N ratio, promoting and accelerating the decomposition of straw debris, animal manure, and urban sludge, thus increasing the organic matter content in the soil. Other components have a relatively small impact.

[0070] The soil conditioner in this formula mainly increases the pH value. Quicklime, water glass, and fly ash work together to increase the soil pH value. Quicklime reacts with water to form a strong alkali, water glass reacts with water to form sodium silicate, which is also alkaline, and fly ash contains alkaline substances. As shown in Table 1, the soil conditioner of this invention can significantly increase the pH value of acidic soils in hilly areas of southern China.

[0071] Soil water holding capacity is a key indicator of soil drought resistance and nutrient retention. Table 1 shows that polyacrylamide and bentonite play a decisive role in the soil water retention capacity of this soil conditioner. Polyacrylamide forms stable soil aggregates, significantly reducing water loss. Bentonite effectively absorbs and retains water, and can slowly release water under drought conditions. The mechanism of action of humic acid-modified zeolite is that the porous structure of zeolite adsorbs a large number of water molecules into its pores, and the pores in the aggregate structure formed by humic acid can also store water. In addition, the organic matter components in the soil conditioner can absorb water; through the synergistic effect of these factors, the water fixation in the soil is significantly improved. Comparative Example 1

[0072] Improver formulation: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime. In this comparative example, humic acid-modified zeolite was replaced with ordinary humic acid, and the preparation method of the improver was the same as in Example 1. Comparative Example 2

[0073] Modifier formulation: 45 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial agent, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime; In this comparative example, straw fragments and animal manure were replaced with an equal amount of urban sludge, and the preparation methods of humic acid-modified zeolite composite material and modifier were the same as in Example 1. Comparative Example 3

[0074] Improver formulation: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 3 parts microbial inoculant, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, and 10 parts quicklime; In this comparative example, water glass is removed, and the preparation methods of the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material and improver are the same as in Example 1. Comparative Example 4

[0075] Improver formulation: 10 parts corn stalk fragments, 10 parts rice straw fragments, 15 parts urban sludge, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts animal manure, 3 parts urea, 15 parts humic acid-modified zeolite composite material, 10 parts fly ash, 7 parts bentonite, 7 parts polyacrylamide, 10 parts water glass, and 10 parts quicklime; This comparative example omits the microbial agent, and the preparation methods of the humic acid-modified zeolite composite material and improver are the same as in Example 1.

[0076] The soil conditioners of Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested under the same test conditions as those of Examples 1-26.

[0077] Table 2 Test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0078] As can be seen from the table above, comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be understood that the humic acid-modified zeolite material of the present invention significantly affects the performance of the soil conditioner. Compared with humic acid alone, the humic acid-modified zeolite material has a porous structure, and the pores can absorb water, improving the soil's water retention capacity. This material is very important in terms of physical improvement, chemical conditioning, and biological assistance. The humic acid-modified zeolite material can bind soil particles, provide a living environment for microorganisms, and also has a certain adsorption capacity for heavy metals in the soil, providing a certain protection against heavy metals that may be contained in urban sludge.

[0079] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shows that replacing straw fragments and animal manure with urban sludge reduces the formation of water-stable aggregate structures. This is because straw fragments can act as physical fibers, promoting aggregate formation. Urban sludge lacks this component, and the lack of fiber structure reduces the porosity for water retention in the soil. Urban sludge is insufficient to replenish the porosity. Therefore, the organic system of straw fragments, animal manure, and urban sludge in this invention is a better choice.

[0080] Examples 1 and 3 demonstrate that water glass is an effective pH regulator for improving soil conditions. When used in combination with quicklime, it can effectively address the problem of acidic soil. Furthermore, water glass can supplement silicon, resulting in a significant silicon supplementation when planting silicon-loving crops. Examples 1 and 4 show that while the lack of microorganisms does not significantly affect the test results of soil physicochemical properties, it has a substantial impact on crop growth. Microbial inoculants can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient recycling; they can also activate soil nutrients, facilitating crop utilization and absorption, and promoting crop growth.

[0081] The above results demonstrate that this invention addresses the unique challenges posed by dryland soils in hilly areas of southern China by designing an organic-inorganic-biological composite soil conditioner. This conditioner, through the synergistic effect of its multiple components, systematically solves multiple problems such as poor soil aggregate structure, lack of organic matter, high acidity, and low biological activity, exhibiting promising application prospects and widespread value. This patent disclosure details the technical solution, implementation methods, and expected effects of this conditioner.

Claims

1. An amendment agent for dry land soil aggregate structure, characterized by, Corn stalks 5-15 parts by weight, rice straw 5-15 parts by weight, municipal sludge 8-20 parts by weight, compound fertilizer 5-30 parts by weight, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material 10-20 parts by weight, microbial agent 1-5 parts by weight, fly ash 5-15 parts by weight, and quicklime 5-15 parts by weight.

2. An amendment agent for dry land soil aggregate structure according to claim 1, characterized by, Corn stalks 10-15 parts by weight, rice straw 10-15 parts by weight, municipal sludge 10-15 parts by weight, compound fertilizer 15-25 parts by weight, humic acid-modified zeolite composite material 15-20 parts by weight, microbial agent 2-4 parts by weight, fly ash 10-15 parts by weight, and quicklime 10-15 parts by weight.

3. An amendment of dry land soil aggregate structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The corn stalks and rice straw fragments are both 2-3 cm in length; the urban sludge is treated with aerobic fermentation and then crushed, with an organic matter content of 35-45%; the microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis (… Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.2416, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 8 -5×10 8 CFU / g, gelatinous spore-forming bacteria ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus CGMCC 1.3714, viable count 10 × 10⁻⁶ 8 -12×10 8 CFU / g and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC1.1414, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 8 -5×10 8 CFU / g.

4. An amendment agent for dry land soil aggregate structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, The humic acid-modified zeolite composite material is prepared from humic acid powder and zeolite, the humic acid content in the humic acid powder is 70-80%, the pore size of the zeolite is 0.3-1.0 nm, the porosity is 40-55%, and the ion exchange equivalent is 1.2-2.5 mmol / g; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 25-30%; the porosity of the fly ash is 50-70%, the particle size is 40-100 mm, and the calcium oxide content of the quicklime is 92-95%, the particle size is 1-5 mm.

5. The dryland soil aggregate structure improver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Further comprising the following components: bentonite 5-10 parts by weight, polyacrylamide 5-10 parts by weight, water glass 3-15 parts by weight, animal manure 5-15 parts by weight, and urea 1-5 parts by weight.

6. A dryland soil aggregate structure improver according to claim 6, characterised in that, The fineness of the bentonite is 200 mesh, and the expansion ratio is 20-30 times; the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 8-9 million, the anion degree is 15-20%, and the cation degree is 40-50%; the silica content of the water glass is 26-27%, the animal is fully decomposed sheep manure, and the organic matter content is 24-28%; and the nitrogen content of the urea is 46-50%.

7. A method of preparing a humic acid-modified zeolite: preparing a dryland soil aggregate structure improver according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation method of the humic acid-modified zeolite is as follows: S1, washing natural zeolite and drying at 105℃ for standby; placing humic acid powder in 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, water bath at 60℃, and preparing 20 g / L humic acid sodium solution for standby; preparing 1.0 mol / L sodium chloride and 0.5 mol / L calcium chloride mixed solution I; S2, adding zeolite to the mixed solution I at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring at a temperature of 50-70℃ and a speed of 100-200 rpm for 6-8 h, collecting the solid by suction filtration, drying at 105℃, and crushing to obtain modified zeolite; S3, adding modified zeolite to the humic acid sodium solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, adjusting the pH to 7.0-8.0, slowly stirring at 50℃, collecting the solid by suction filtration, drying at 70-80℃, and crushing and sieving to obtain humic acid-modified zeolite composite material.

8. A method of preparing a soil conditioner, characterized by, The preparation method of the dry land soil aggregate structure modifier is as follows: S1, put corn stalk debris, rice straw debris, lime, municipal sludge and fly ash into a mixer in proportion and mix uniformly to obtain primary material; S2, take water glass, polyacrylamide, humic acid-modified zeolite composite, urea, bentonite, microbial agent and compound fertilizer in proportion, mix uniformly and then add to the primary material to mix uniformly, and then naturally ferment to obtain fermented material; S3, screen the fermented material to obtain final soil conditioner.

9. A method of preparing a soil conditioner according to claim 8, characterised in that, The stirring rate of S1 is 30-60 rpm, and the stirring time is 15-20 min; the stirring rate of S2 is 60-90 rpm, the stirring time is 20-25 min, and the fermentation time is 5-8 days; the screening of S3 is to crush the material ≥2 cm to below 2 cm.

10. A method of using a soil amendment, characterized by, A dry land soil aggregate structure modifier according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the following steps: S1, soil pretreatment: use soil tillage machinery to carry out deep tillage treatment on farmland in hilly areas, with a depth of 20-30 cm; S2, application amount of modifier: according to the degree of soil degradation, uniformly spread at an application amount of 100-200 kg / acre; S3, mixing and curing: mix the modifier with the surface soil uniformly, water to keep the soil humidity at 40-60%, and cure for 7-30 days; S4, planting crops: normal planting operation can be carried out after the curing period ends.

Images