Integrated system, method and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for early warning, sampling and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols

Abstract

This invention relates to an integrated system, method, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for early warning, sampling, and replenishment of bioaerosols. The controller activates a microbial early warning device to allow air to enter. The device samples airborne microorganisms, generating fluorescent signals. The controller analyzes these fluorescent signals to determine if the aerosol concentration exceeds a preset value or if microbial aerosols are detected. If so, the controller activates the microbial early warning device and simultaneously starts the microbial sampling and replenishment device. A sampling liquid pump injects the sampling liquid into the sampler, and a fan then circulates air into the sampler for sampling. During sampling, a temperature and humidity sensor monitors the ambient temperature and humidity in real time every second. The controller uses this data to calculate the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid (evaporation rate per second = replenishment rate per second) using a fitting function. The controller then controls the sampling liquid pump to operate for the calculated time, injecting the sampling liquid into the sampler for real-time sampling and replenishment. Once the preset sampling time is reached, the controller activates the sample pump to inject the sample liquid from the sampler into a sample bottle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial aerosol sampling technology, and in particular to an integrated system for bioaerosol early warning sampling and replenishment, a method for bioaerosol early warning sampling and replenishment, and an unmanned aerial vehicle system with the integrated system for bioaerosol early warning sampling and replenishment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, microbial aerosol samplers directly perform air sampling and liquid replenishment upon reaching the target detection area. They lack the ability to first determine whether the microbial hazard level in the air of the target detection area reaches a level requiring sampling, and then perform air sampling and liquid replenishment only when that level is reached. In other words, existing microbial aerosol samplers only have sampling and liquid replenishment functions and do not possess an integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and liquid replenishment function. They cannot achieve the function of sampling only when an early warning is issued and not sampling when no warning is issued. Furthermore, existing microbial aerosol samplers use a timed and quantitative sampling liquid replenishment method during the sampling process. This sampling liquid replenishment method has poor accuracy and lacks real-time capability, making real-time liquid replenishment impossible. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the problems and shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an integrated system, method, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols.

[0004] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention provides an integrated system for early warning, sampling, and replenishment of bioaerosols, characterized in that it includes a housing, which integrates a microbial early warning device, a microbial sampling and replenishment device, a GPS locator, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a controller. The microbial sampling and replenishment device includes a sampler, a fan, a sampling flow sensor, a sampling liquid pump, a sample pump, a sampling liquid bottle, and a sample bottle.

[0006] The controller is used to receive the current location located by the GPS locator. If the current location is in the target detection area, the microbial early warning device is activated, allowing air to enter the microbial early warning device. The microbial early warning device uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air to form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes the aerosol concentration based on the fluorescence signal to see if it exceeds the preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the microbial early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling and replenishment device to start.

[0007] The controller is also used to control the sampling liquid pump to inject the sampling liquid from the sampling liquid bottle into the sampler at a preset injection volume and then pause the sampling liquid pump. Subsequently, it controls the fan to introduce air into the sampler for sampling, synchronously timing the sampling time, and adjusting the fan speed in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor to maintain the sampling flow rate within a preset range. During sampling, the temperature and humidity sensor is used to detect the current air temperature and humidity in real time every second. The controller is also used to substitute the current temperature and humidity into the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f. v In the process, the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid is calculated as the amount of sampling liquid evaporated per second, which is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second. The sampling liquid pump is then controlled to operate at a preset flow rate. The calculated time is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second divided by the set flow rate. The sampling liquid is injected into the sampler to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump is started, while the fan and sampling liquid pump are stopped. The sample pump injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler into the sample bottle. The preset sampling period is less than the preset sampling time.

[0008] The present invention also provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, characterized in that it includes an UAV and the aforementioned integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system, wherein the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system is installed on the UAV.

[0009] This invention also provides a bioaerosol early warning sampling and replenishment method, characterized by the following steps: Bioaerosol early warning step: The controller receives the current location located by the GPS locator. If the current location is within the target detection area, the microbial early warning device is activated, allowing air to enter the microbial early warning device. The microbial early warning device uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air to form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes the fluorescence signal to determine whether the aerosol concentration exceeds a preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the microbial early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling and replenishment device to start.

[0010] Bioaerosol sampling replenishment steps: The controller controls the sampling liquid pump to inject the sampling liquid from the sampling bottle into the sampler at a preset injection volume and then pauses the sampling liquid pump. Subsequently, the controller controls the fan to introduce air into the sampler for sampling, synchronously timing the sampling time. The fan speed is adjusted in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor to maintain the sampling flow rate within a preset range. During sampling, temperature and humidity sensors are used to detect the current air temperature and humidity in real time every second. The controller substitutes the current temperature and humidity into the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f. vIn the process, the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid is calculated as the amount of sampling liquid evaporated per second, which is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second. The sampling liquid pump is then controlled to operate at a preset flow rate. The calculated time is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second divided by the set flow rate. The sampling liquid is injected into the sampler to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump is started, while the fan and sampling liquid pump are stopped. The sample pump injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler into the sample bottle. The preset sampling period is less than the preset sampling time.

[0011] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0012] I. The present invention is an integrated system for early warning, sampling and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols. When used in conjunction with drones, it can sample locations in the environment that are easily accessible to personnel, as well as locations in the environment that are inaccessible to personnel, such as building rooftops, conference center rooftops, and stadium rooftops.

[0013] Second, this invention has an integrated function of bioaerosol early warning, sampling and liquid replenishment. Before sampling, it can judge the degree of danger of microbial aerosols in the target detection area. If the danger of microbial aerosols is judged, sampling is carried out. It realizes the function of sampling when there is an early warning and not sampling when there is no early warning. It realizes the integrated application of reconnaissance and sampling, making the sampling of microbial aerosols more targeted.

[0014] Third, this invention collects data on different temperatures and humidity levels and their corresponding evaporation rates of the sampled liquid, calculates the evaporation rate of the sampled liquid per second, and obtains a fitting function f for the evaporation rate of the sampled liquid by fitting data based on different temperatures, humidity levels, and their corresponding evaporation rates. v Based on the current real-time monitored temperature and humidity and this fitted function f v The sampler is replenished with liquid to achieve intelligent real-time replenishment of the sampled liquid; after sampling, the sampled liquid collected in the sampler is injected into the sample bottle through the sample pump to achieve sampling of airborne microbial aerosol particles.

[0015] Fourth, this invention facilitates the rapid installation and fixation of the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system on a drone, and also facilitates the rapid disassembly and assembly of the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system from the drone, thus enabling rapid assembly and disassembly between the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system and the drone. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1-2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3-8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling and fluid replenishment system of the present invention installed on a drone, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 10-11 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] For ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this invention are merely for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the invention and do not have a specific limiting effect; they are all general references and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Terms indicating positional relationships, such as "middle," "horizontal," "vertical," "longitudinal," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," are based on the positional relationships shown in the illustrated drawings and do not imply that the components referred to must be presented in the described positional relationships, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an integrated system 100 for bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment, including a housing 101. The housing 101 integrates a microbial early warning device, a microbial sampling and fluid replenishment device, a GPS locator, a temperature and humidity sensor 102, and a controller. The GPS locator can use an existing GPS positioning system, the temperature and humidity sensor 102 is an integrated temperature and humidity sensor that can simultaneously sense temperature and humidity, and the controller uses a high-performance 32-bit ARM microprocessor.

[0024] The microbial early warning device includes a first sampling head 103, an air pump 104, a sampling optical module 105, an air filter 106, and an early warning device. The first sampling head 103 is embedded in the top of the housing 101. The air pump 104 and the sampling optical module 105 are fixed inside the housing 101. The air filter 106 and the early warning device are embedded in the housing 101. The first sampling head 103 is connected to the air inlet of the sampling optical module 105 through the air pump 104, and the air outlet of the sampling optical module 105 is connected to the air filter 106. Furthermore, the early warning device includes a first early warning indicator light 107, a second early warning indicator light 108, and a buzzer 109. The first and second early warning indicator lights 107 and 108 are embedded in the housing 101, and the buzzer 109 is fixed inside the housing 101. The sampling optical module 105 uses a pre-designed optical module.

[0025] The microbial sampling replenishment device includes a second sampling head 110, a motor driver, a wet-wall cyclone sampler 112, a fan 113, a sampling flow sensor 114, a sampling liquid pump 115, a sample pump 116, a sampling liquid bottle 117, and a sample bottle 118. The second sampling head 110 is embedded in the top of the housing 101. The motor driver, sampler 112, fan 113, sampling flow sensor 114, sampling liquid pump 115, sample pump 116, sampling liquid bottle 117, and sample bottle 118 are fixed inside the housing 101. A temperature and humidity sensor 102 is embedded in the housing 101. The wet-wall cyclone sampler 112 is an existing product.

[0026] The sampler 112 has a non-connected air inlet 1121 and exhaust outlet 1122 at its top and a three-way pipe 119 at its bottom. The air inlet of the sampler 112 is connected to the second sampling head 110, and the exhaust outlet is connected to the air inlet of the fan 113. The first port of the three-way pipe 119 serves as the liquid injection port and is connected to the sampling liquid bottle 117 through the sampling liquid pump 115. The second port serves as the sample sampling port and is connected to the sample bottle 118 through the sample pump 116. The third port is connected to the bottom of the sampler 112. The air outlet of the fan 113 is connected to the fan outlet pipe 120 and protrudes from the housing 101. A sampling flow sensor 114 is provided on the fan outlet pipe 120.

[0027] Furthermore, a vertical bending plate 121 is fixed inside the housing 101. The upper surface of the middle horizontal part of the vertical bending plate 121 is supported by a support column 122, and a fan mounting plate 123 is located above it. A sampler 112 is embedded in the middle horizontal part of the vertical bending plate 121. The air inlet of the sampler 112 is connected to the second sampling head 110 through the sampler connecting pipe 124. A fan 113 is embedded in the fan mounting plate 123. The exhaust port 1122 of the sampler 112 is connected to the air inlet of the fan 113. A waterproof cover 125 for the air outlet pipe is fixed on the housing 101 and located directly above the air outlet pipe 120 of the fan.

[0028] The first sampling head 103 includes a first sampling port 1031 and a first rain cap 1032. The first sampling port 1031 is embedded in the top of the housing 101, and the first rain cap 1032 is supported directly above the first sampling port 1031. There is a gap between the first sampling port 1031 and the first rain cap 1032 so that the first rain cap 1032 does not seal the first sampling port 1031. The bottom end of the first sampling port 1031 is connected to the air pump 104.

[0029] The second sampling head 110 includes a second sampling port 1101 and a second rainproof cap 1102. The second sampling port 1101 is embedded in the top of the housing 101. Multiple waterproof cap supports 1103 are fixed at circumferential intervals along the top of the second sampling port 1101. The second rainproof cap 1102 is supported on the waterproof cap supports 1103. There is a gap between the second sampling port 1101 and the second rainproof cap 1102 so that the second rainproof cap 1102 does not seal the second sampling port 1101. The bottom end of the second sampling port 1101 is connected to the air inlet of the sampler 112.

[0030] In this embodiment, the diameter of the second sampling port 1101 is larger than that of the first sampling port 1031, so that the first sampling head 103 constitutes a low-flow sampling head and the second sampling head 110 constitutes a high-flow sampling head.

[0031] In this embodiment, a control circuit board 126 is fixed on the inner wall of the housing 101. The controller is mounted on this control circuit board 126, and the GPS locator can also be mounted on this control circuit board 126. In this embodiment, a battery box 127 with a built-in rechargeable battery 128 is fixed inside the housing 101. A battery door 129 covering the battery box 127 is embedded in the housing 101. A battery door handle 130 is fixed on the battery door 129, and a charging interface 131 is embedded in the housing 101. For the charging and discharging management of the rechargeable battery 128, a power board 132 is also fixed on the inner wall of the housing 101. The power board 132 is equipped with an existing power management module for managing the charging and discharging of the rechargeable battery 128, and the rechargeable battery 37 can be charged through the charging interface 131.

[0032] In this embodiment, in order to adapt to the needs of drones and reduce drag during flight, an elliptical nose cone 133 is fixed to the front of the housing 101.

[0033] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the removal of the sampling liquid bottle 117 and sample bottle 118 from the housing 101, the front panel of the housing 101 and the housing 101 can be connected by bolts, which is a convenient disassembly method.

[0034] In this embodiment, elongated clips 134 are fixed at the bottom positions on opposite sides of the housing 101. These two clips 134 can be used to install the bioaerosol early warning sampling and replenishment integrated system 100 on the drone 200.

[0035] The integrated control method of the bioaerosol early warning, sampling and replenishment system 100 is as follows: The controller receives the current location located by the GPS locator. If the current location is in the target detection area, the air pump 104 and sampling optical module 105 in the microbial early warning device are activated. The air pump 104 sends air through the first sampling head 103 into the sampling optical module 105. The sampling optical module 105 uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air and form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes whether the aerosol concentration exceeds the preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified based on the fluorescence signal. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling replenishment device to start. The air in the sampling optical module 105 is filtered in the air filter 106 and then discharged.

[0036] Furthermore, when the aerosol concentration is found to exceed a preset value, the first warning indicator 107 is controlled to flash in a first color (e.g., red) and the buzzer 109 is controlled to emit a buzzing sound to provide a warning; when microbial aerosols are detected, the second warning indicator 108 is controlled to flash in a second color (e.g., blue) and the buzzer 109 is controlled to emit a buzzing sound to provide a warning; when the aerosol concentration is found to exceed a preset value and microbial aerosols are detected, the first warning indicator 107 is controlled to flash in the first color, the second warning indicator 108 is controlled to flash in the second color, and the buzzer 109 is controlled to emit a buzzing sound to provide a warning.

[0037] The controller is also used to control the sampling liquid pump 115 to inject the sampling liquid from the sampling liquid bottle 117 into the sampler 112 through the three-way tube 119 to a preset injection volume and then pause the sampling liquid pump 115. Subsequently, it controls the motor driver to drive the fan 113 to introduce air into the sampler 112 through the second sampling head 110 for sampling. The controller also synchronizes the sampling time and adjusts the fan speed 113 in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor 114 to maintain the sampling flow rate within a preset range. During sampling, the temperature and humidity sensor 102 detects the current air temperature and humidity once per second in real time. The controller also substitutes the current temperature and humidity into the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f. vIn the process, the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid is calculated as the amount of sampling liquid evaporated per second, which is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second. The sampling liquid pump 115 is controlled to operate at a preset flow rate. The calculated time is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second / the set flow rate. The sampling liquid is injected into the sampler 112 to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump 116 is started, and the fan 113 and the sampling liquid pump 115 are stopped. The sample pump 116 injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler 112 into the sample bottle 118 through the three-way tube 119. The preset sampling cycle is less than the preset sampling time.

[0038] Among them, the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f v Obtaining:

[0039] The controller is used to acquire the evaporation rate of the sampled liquid under different temperatures, humidity levels, and sampling times. The evaporation rate is calculated by dividing the evaporation rate by the corresponding sampling time, resulting in the evaporation rate per second. Multiple sets of temperatures and humidity levels, along with their corresponding evaporation rates, are then fitted together (see...). Figure 12 ), to obtain the fitting function f for the evaporation rate of the sampled liquid. v = ax + by + c; where a, b, and c are fitted constants, x is temperature, and y is humidity.

[0040] like Figure 9-11 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, which includes a UAV 200 and the aforementioned integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment system 100.

[0041] Using these two card blocks 134, the integrated system 100 for early warning, sampling and replenishment of bioaerosols can be installed on the drone 200. Specifically, a placement platform 301 and a drive bay 302 are fixed between the landing gears 201 on both sides of the drone 200, with the placement platform 301 located directly above the drive bay 302.

[0042] A pair of symmetrical inverted L-shaped retaining strips 303 are fixed to the left and right sides of the upper surface of the placement platform 301. These inverted L-shaped retaining strips 303 are arranged longitudinally parallel to each other, with closed ends at the rear and open ends at the front to form retaining grooves. These inverted L-shaped retaining strips 303 are adapted to the retaining blocks 134 on both sides, allowing the housing 101 to slide longitudinally into the retaining grooves via the retaining blocks 134. At this time, the retaining blocks 134 are exactly in contact with the corresponding inverted L-shaped retaining strips 303. Left sliding holes 3 are respectively opened on the left and right sides of the placement platform 301. 04 and right sliding hole 305, left sliding hole 304 and right sliding hole 305 are on a horizontal line and are respectively located at the open end of the corresponding side-inverted L-shaped card strip 303. Left locking bar 306 and right locking bar 307 that block the open end of the pair of side-inverted L-shaped card strips 303 are placed on the placement platform 301. In the initial position, left locking bar 306 and right locking bar 307 are respectively located on both sides of the card slot, and the size of left locking bar 306 and right locking bar 307 is not less than the size of the open end of the corresponding side-inverted L-shaped card strip 303.

[0043] A drive mechanism is fixed on the drive chamber 302 for driving the left locking bar 306 and the right locking bar 307 to move closer to each other to block the open end of the corresponding side-tilting L-shaped locking bar 303. The left and right ends of the drive mechanism are respectively fixed with a left locking block 308 and a right locking block 309. The left locking block 308 passes through the left sliding hole 304 and its top is fixed to the left locking bar 306. The right locking block 309 passes through the right sliding hole 305 and its top is fixed to the right locking bar 307.

[0044] The drive mechanism includes a drive shaft 310, a gear 311, a left rack 312, a right rack 313, and a drive knob 314. The drive shaft 310 is longitudinally arranged inside the drive chamber 302 and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rear side plate of the drive chamber 302. The gear 311 is fixed on the drive shaft 310. The right rack 313 and the left rack 312 are distributed vertically on the upper and lower sides of the gear 311 and mesh with the gear 311. A left locking block 308 is fixed on the upper surface of the left end of the left rack 312, and a right locking block 309 is fixed on the upper surface of the right end of the right rack 313. The drive knob 314 is arranged outside the drive chamber 302 and is longitudinally slidably connected to the drive shaft 310, so that the drive knob 314 can slide back and forth relative to the drive shaft 310 but cannot rotate relative to it.

[0045] Driven by the rotation of the drive knob 314, the drive shaft 310 rotates accordingly. Through the cooperation of the gear 311 with the left rack 312 and the right rack 313, the left locking bar 306 and the right locking bar 307 move closer to each other and close to the open end of the corresponding inverted L-shaped locking bar 303 to seal the open end of the inverted L-shaped locking bar 303. This allows the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and liquid replenishment system 100 to be installed on the drone 200. Conversely, removing the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and liquid replenishment system 100 from the drone 200 will also allow it to be installed on the drone.

[0046] The locking drive knob 314 is further optimized by fixing a locking block 315 to the drive knob 313. The outer wall of the front side plate 3021 of the drive compartment 302 has a placement slot 316 for placing the drive knob 314 and a locking groove 317 for the locking block 315 to be inserted and engaged. When the open end of the inverted L-shaped locking strip 303 is blocked, simply control the drive knob 314 to rotate at a suitable angle to align the locking block 315 with the locking groove 317, and then push the drive knob 314 towards the front side plate, i.e., push the drive knob 314 backward, so that the locking block 315 is inserted into the locking groove 317, thus locking the drive knob 314. Conversely, moving it backward unlocks the drive knob 314.

[0047] To further optimize the connection stability between the locking block 315 and the locking groove 317, magnets that can attract each other are fixed on the back of the locking block 315 and the inner bottom of the locking groove 317 (not shown in the figure).

[0048] This invention also provides a bioaerosol early warning sampling and replenishment method, including the following steps: Bioaerosol early warning step: The controller receives the current location located by the GPS locator. If the current location is within the target detection area, the controller activates the air pump 104 and the sampling optical module 105 in the microbial early warning device. The air pump 104 pumps air through the first sampling head 103 into the sampling optical module 105. The sampling optical module 105 uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air to form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes the fluorescence signal to determine whether the aerosol concentration exceeds a preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling replenishment device to start. The air in the sampling optical module 105 is filtered in the air filter 106 and then discharged. The controller receives the current location from the GPS locator. If the current location is within the target detection area, the microbial early warning device is activated, allowing air to enter the microbial early warning device. The microbial early warning device uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air and form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes the aerosol concentration based on the fluorescence signal to see if it exceeds the preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the microbial early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling replenishment device to start.

[0049] Bioaerosol sampling replenishment steps: The controller controls the sampling liquid pump 115 to inject the sampling liquid from the sampling liquid bottle 117 into the sampler 112 through the three-way tube 119 to a preset injection volume, and then pauses the sampling liquid pump 115. Subsequently, the controller controls the motor driver to drive the fan 113 to introduce air into the sampler 112 through the second sampling head. The sampling time is synchronized, and the fan speed 113 is adjusted in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor 114 to maintain the sampling flow rate within the preset flow rate range. During the sampling process, the temperature and humidity sensor 102 is used to detect the current air temperature and humidity in real time every second. The controller is also used to substitute the current temperature and humidity into the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f. v In the process, the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid is calculated as the amount of sampling liquid evaporated per second, which is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second. The sampling liquid pump 115 is controlled to operate at a preset flow rate. The calculated time is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second / the set flow rate. The sampling liquid is injected into the sampler 112 to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump 116 is started, and the fan 113 and the sampling liquid pump 115 are stopped. The sample pump 116 injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler 112 into the sample bottle 118 through the three-way tube 119. The preset sampling cycle is less than the preset sampling time.

[0050] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bioaerosol early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment integrated system, characterized in that, The device includes a housing, which integrates a microbial early warning device, a microbial sampling and replenishment device, a GPS locator, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a controller. The microbial sampling and replenishment device includes a sampler, a fan, a sampling flow sensor, a sampling liquid pump, a sample pump, a sampling liquid bottle, and a sample bottle. The controller is used to receive the current location located by the GPS locator. If the current location is in the target detection area, the microbial early warning device is activated, allowing air to enter the microbial early warning device. The microbial early warning device uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air to form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes the aerosol concentration based on the fluorescence signal to see if it exceeds the preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the microbial early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling and replenishment device to start. The controller is also used to control the sampling liquid pump to inject the sampling liquid from the sampling liquid bottle into the sampler at a preset injection volume and then pause the sampling liquid pump. After that, it controls the fan to introduce air into the sampler for sampling, synchronously time the sampling time, and adjusts the fan speed in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor so that the sampling flow rate is maintained within the preset flow rate range. sampling During the process, the temperature and humidity sensor is used to detect the current air temperature and humidity in real time every second, and the controller is also used to substitute the current temperature and humidity into the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f. v In the process, the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid is calculated as the amount of sampling liquid evaporated per second, which is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second. The sampling liquid pump is then controlled to operate at a preset flow rate. The calculated time is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second / the set flow rate. The sampling liquid is injected into the sampler to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump is started, and the fan and sampling liquid pump are stopped. The sample pump injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler into the sample bottle. The preset sampling cycle is less than the preset sampling time. The microbial sampling replenishment device also includes a second sampling head and a motor driver. The sampler is a wet-wall cyclone sampler. The second sampling head is embedded in the top of the housing. The motor driver, fan, sampling flow sensor, sampler, sampling liquid pump, sample pump, sampling liquid bottle and sample bottle are fixed inside the housing. The temperature and humidity sensor is embedded in the housing. The sampler has a non-connected air inlet and exhaust outlet at the top and a three-way pipe at the bottom. The air inlet of the sampler is connected to the second sampling head, and the exhaust outlet is connected to the air inlet of the fan. The first port of the three-way pipe serves as the liquid injection port and is connected to the sampling liquid bottle through the sampling liquid pump. The second port serves as the sample sampling port and is connected to the sample bottle through the sample pump. The air outlet of the fan is connected to the fan outlet pipe and protrudes from the casing. A sampling flow sensor is installed on the fan outlet pipe. The controller is also used to control the sampling liquid pump to inject the sampling liquid in the sampling liquid bottle into the sampler through the three-way tube to a preset injection volume and to pause the sampling liquid pump. Then, it controls the motor driver to drive the fan to introduce air into the sampler through the second sampling head for sampling, synchronously timing the sampling time, and adjusting the fan speed in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor to keep the sampling flow rate within the preset flow rate range. sampling During the process, the sampling liquid pump is controlled to operate at a preset flow rate for a calculated time, thereby injecting the sampling liquid into the sampler through a three-way tube to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump is started, while the fan and sampling liquid pump are stopped. The sample pump injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler into the sample bottle through the three-way tube.

2. The integrated system for early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial early warning device includes a first sampling head, an air pump, a sampling optical module, an air filter, and an early warning device. The first sampling head is embedded in the top of the housing. The air pump and the sampling optical module are fixed inside the housing. The air filter and the early warning device are embedded in the housing. The first sampling head is connected to the air inlet of the sampling optical module through the air pump. The air outlet of the sampling optical module is connected to the air filter. The controller receives the current location from the GPS locator. If the current location is within the target detection area, it activates the air pump and sampling optical module. The air pump draws air through the first sampling head into the sampling optical module. The sampling optical module uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air and generate fluorescence signals. The controller analyzes the fluorescence signals to determine whether the aerosol concentration exceeds a preset value and whether microbial aerosols are detected. If at least one condition is met, the controller activates the warning device to issue a warning and simultaneously activates the microbial sampling replenishment device. The air in the sampling optical module is filtered through an air filter before being discharged.

3. The integrated system for early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The warning device includes a first warning indicator light, a second warning indicator light, and a buzzer. The first and second warning indicator lights are embedded in the housing, and the buzzer is fixed inside the housing. The controller is also used to control the first warning indicator to flash in a first color and control the buzzer to sound when the aerosol concentration exceeds a preset value, and to control the second warning indicator to flash in a second color and control the buzzer to sound when microbial aerosols are detected, and to control the first warning indicator to flash in a first color and the second warning indicator to flash in a second color and control the buzzer to sound when the aerosol concentration exceeds the preset value and microbial aerosols are detected, and to control the second warning indicator to flash in a second color and control the buzzer to sound.

4. The integrated system for early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A vertical bending plate is fixed inside the housing. A fan mounting plate is supported on the upper surface of the middle horizontal part of the vertical bending plate by a support column. A sampler is embedded in the middle horizontal part of the vertical bending plate. The air inlet of the sampler is connected to the second sampling head through a sampler connecting pipe. A fan is embedded in the fan mounting plate. The exhaust port of the sampler is connected to the air inlet of the fan. A waterproof cover for the air outlet pipe is fixed on the housing and directly above the air outlet pipe of the fan.

5. The integrated system for early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first sampling head includes a first sampling port and a first rainproof cap. The first sampling port is embedded in the top of the housing, and the first rainproof cap is supported directly above the first sampling port. There is a gap between the first sampling port and the first rainproof cap so that the first rainproof cap does not seal the first sampling port. The bottom end of the first sampling port is connected to the air pump. The second sampling head includes a second sampling port and a second rainproof cap. The second sampling port is embedded in the top of the housing. Multiple waterproof cap supports are fixed at circumferential intervals on the top of the second sampling port. The second rainproof cap is supported on the waterproof cap supports. There is a gap between the second sampling port and the second rainproof cap so that the second rainproof cap does not seal the second sampling port. The bottom end of the second sampling port is connected to the air inlet of the sampler. The diameter of the second sampling port is larger than that of the first sampling port.

6. The integrated system for early warning, sampling, and fluid replenishment of bioaerosols as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f v Obtaining: The controller is used to acquire the evaporation amount of the sampled liquid under different temperatures, humidity levels, and sampling times. The evaporation rate is calculated as the evaporation amount per second (evaporation amount / corresponding sampling time). Multiple sets of temperature and humidity data, along with their corresponding evaporation rates, are fitted to obtain the evaporation rate fitting function f. v = ax + by + c; In the formula, a, b, and c are fitted constants, x is temperature, and y is humidity.

7. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, characterized in that, It includes a drone and the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling and fluid replenishment system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the integrated bioaerosol early warning, sampling and fluid replenishment system is installed on the drone.

8. The unmanned aerial vehicle system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom of the opposite sides of the housing is fixed with a locking block, and a placement platform and a drive bay are fixed between the landing gears on both sides of the drone. The placement platform is located directly above the drive bay. The upper surface of the placement platform has a pair of symmetrical inverted L-shaped locking strips fixed on the left and right sides. The pair of inverted L-shaped locking strips are arranged in parallel longitudinally, with the rear end being closed and the front end being open to form a locking groove. The pair of inverted L-shaped locking strips are adapted to the locking blocks on both sides so that the shell can slide longitudinally into the locking groove through the locking blocks. At this time, the locking blocks are exactly in contact with the corresponding inverted L-shaped locking strips. The left and right sides of the placement platform are respectively provided with a left sliding hole and a right sliding hole. The left sliding hole and the right sliding hole are on a horizontal line and are respectively located at the open end of the corresponding side inverted L-shaped locking strip. The placement platform is provided with a left locking strip and a right locking strip to block the open end of the pair of inverted L-shaped locking strips. In the initial position, the left locking strip and the right locking strip are respectively located on both sides of the locking groove. The drive chamber is fixed with a drive mechanism for driving the left and right locking bars to move closer to each other to block the open end of the corresponding side-inverted L-shaped locking bar. The left and right ends of the drive mechanism are respectively fixed with a left locking block and a right locking block. The left locking block passes through a left sliding hole and its top is fixed to the left locking bar. The right locking block passes through a right sliding hole and its top is fixed to the right locking bar.

9. The unmanned aerial vehicle system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a drive shaft, a gear, a left rack, a right rack, and a drive knob. The drive shaft is longitudinally arranged inside the drive compartment and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rear side plate of the drive compartment. A gear is fixed on the drive shaft. The right rack and the left rack are distributed vertically on the upper and lower sides of the gear and mesh with the gear. A left locking block is fixed on the upper surface of the left end of the left rack, and a right locking block is fixed on the upper surface of the right end of the right rack. The drive knob is arranged outside the drive compartment and is longitudinally slidably connected to the drive shaft, so that the drive knob can slide back and forth relative to the drive shaft but cannot rotate relative to it. Driven by the rotation of the drive knob, the drive shaft rotates accordingly. Through the cooperation of the gears with the left and right racks, the left and right locking bars are driven to move closer to each other and to the open end of the corresponding inverted L-shaped locking bar to seal the open end of the inverted L-shaped locking bar.

10. The unmanned aerial vehicle system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, A locking block is fixed on the drive knob, and a placement groove for placing the drive knob and a locking groove for the locking block to be inserted and engaged are provided on the outer wall of the front side plate of the drive compartment.

11. A method for sampling and replenishing fluids for early warning of bioaerosols, characterized in that, It is implemented using the integrated system for bioaerosol early warning, sampling and replenishment as described in any one of claims 1-6. The method includes the following steps: Bioaerosol early warning step: The controller receives the current location located by the GPS locator. If the current location is in the target detection area, the microbial early warning device is activated, allowing air to enter the microbial early warning device. The microbial early warning device uses fluorescence technology to sample microbial particles in the air to form a fluorescence signal. The controller analyzes whether the aerosol concentration exceeds the preset value and whether microbial aerosols are identified based on the fluorescence signal. When at least one condition is met, the controller controls the microbial early warning device to issue an early warning and simultaneously controls the microbial sampling and replenishment device to start. Bioaerosol sampling replenishment steps: The controller controls the sampling liquid pump to inject the sampling liquid from the sampling bottle into the sampler at a preset injection volume and then pauses the sampling liquid pump. Subsequently, the controller controls the fan to introduce air into the sampler for sampling, synchronously timing the sampling time. The fan speed is adjusted in real time according to the flow rate detected by the sampling flow sensor to maintain the sampling flow rate within a preset range. During sampling, temperature and humidity sensors are used to detect the current air temperature and humidity in real time every second. The controller substitutes the current temperature and humidity into the sampling liquid evaporation rate fitting function f. v In the process, the evaporation rate of the sampling liquid is calculated as the amount of sampling liquid evaporated per second, which is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second. The sampling liquid pump is then controlled to operate at a preset flow rate. The calculated time is equal to the amount of liquid replenished per second divided by the set flow rate. The sampling liquid is injected into the sampler to achieve real-time sampling and replenishment. When the preset sampling time is reached, the sample pump is started, while the fan and sampling liquid pump are stopped. The sample pump injects the sample liquid containing microbial aerosol particles collected in the sampler into the sample bottle. The preset sampling period is less than the preset sampling time.

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