Intermittent leaking stoppage and targeted control method and system for goaf

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a goaf intermittent plugging and targeted control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: employing an intermittent plugging strategy, and adjusting the plugging strength of plugging points in an operable plugging point list of a goaf in a current time period based on a periodic motion rule of a traveling wave center, the three spontaneous combustion zones of the goaf are driven to periodically and controllably migrate, and air leakage main channels of the goaf in different plugging ranges are obtained; based on the air leakage main channel, combining duty ratio constraint and transposition interval constraint, adopting a traveling wave window function for modeling, and generating a controllable leaking stoppage point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period; and optimizing the controllable leaking stoppage point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period based on the dangerous area base map corresponding to the residual coal strength in the goaf and the disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf to obtain an optimized controllable leaking stoppage point-blockage degree sequence for performing intermittent leaking stoppage on the goaf. The management risk in the goaf can be integrally reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of air leakage control in coal mine goaf and prevention of spontaneous combustion of coal, and includes, but is not limited to, a method and system for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goaf. Background Technology

[0002] After longwall mining in coal mines, the resulting goaf is prone to developing multi-scale fracture and pore networks under the cyclical pressure of the roof and the collapse of the block, thus forming complex air leakage channels. Since air leakage is unavoidable in the working face's intake and return air systems, oxygen enters the residual coal enrichment area along the fractures and continuously reacts with the coal surface, releasing heat. When the three elements of oxygen supply, heat storage, and heat dissipation meet a specific combination, local temperature continuously accumulates, creating a "high-temperature point." Further development can lead to spontaneous combustion of coal, endangering personnel and equipment safety and affecting production organization.

[0003] Among related technologies, the core ideas are to reduce air leakage, reduce oxygen supply, implement wide-area blocking and grouting, monitoring, and alarms, emphasizing total quantity control and static stability. From a mechanistic perspective, static sealing can easily lead to the long-term localization of oxidation zones in goaf areas, forming high-temperature points under slow or under-compacted conditions. Simply reducing air leakage may exacerbate heat accumulation due to stable airflow paths. From an economic perspective, wide-area blocking and grouting often result in low resource efficiency due to redundant investment and insufficient spatial matching. In terms of information utilization, multi-source monitoring data has not been effectively transformed into a parameter field usable for fire prevention, and decision-making still relies on experience. At the mechanism level, existing monitoring, early warning, and response systems suffer from delays, offline simulations cannot respond to dynamic changes in a timely manner, and there is a lack of rapid closed-loop tools. Furthermore, in terms of safety coordination, there is a lack of a unified optimization framework for fire prevention and constraints such as ventilation and gas, often requiring manual trade-offs. In addition, the effectiveness evaluation relies on external indirect indicators, making it difficult to quantify the migration and residence time of oxidation zones, which restricts the continuous optimization of governance strategies. Existing technologies have limitations such as being static, inefficient, slow to respond, and difficult to coordinate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dynamic, data-driven, and multi-objective collaborative solution for plugging leaks in goaf areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above problems, this application provides a method and system for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goaf areas. It aims to perform multi-objective collaborative dynamic targeted control on the oxidation zone of goaf areas by using an intermittent plugging air strategy, supplemented by a base map of the danger zone corresponding to the intensity of residual coal in the goaf area and a dynamic response map of the goaf area disturbance, so as to reduce the overall management risk in the goaf area.

[0005] The technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented as follows: On one hand, embodiments of this application provide a method for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goaf areas. The method includes: obtaining a list of operable plugging points in the goaf area based on multi-source sensing data, structural data, and safety red lines during the current time period; employing an intermittent plugging strategy, adjusting the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, to drive the periodic controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf area, thereby obtaining the main leakage channels of the goaf area under different plugging ranges; and based on the main leakage channels of the goaf area under different plugging ranges... The channel, combined with duty cycle constraints and transposition interval constraints, is modeled using a traveling wave window function to generate a controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence for each time step within the current time period. Based on the base map of the danger zone corresponding to the residual coal intensity in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence for each time step within the current time period is optimized to obtain an optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence. Based on the optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence, intermittent plugging is performed in the goaf to achieve dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone in the goaf.

[0006] On the other hand, embodiments of this application provide an intermittent plugging and targeted control system for goaf areas. The system includes: an identification module, used to obtain a list of operable plugging points in the goaf area during the current time period based on multi-source sensing data, structural data, and safety red lines; a drive migration module, used to adjust the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center using an intermittent plugging strategy, to drive the periodic controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf area, thereby obtaining the main leakage channel of the goaf area under different plugging ranges; and a plugging sequence generation module, used to generate a sequence based on the goaf area under different plugging ranges. The main air leakage channel under the enclosure is modeled using a traveling wave window function, combining duty cycle constraints and transposition interval constraints, to generate a controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence for each time step within the current time period. The optimization module is used to optimize the controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence for each time step within the current time period based on the base map of the danger zone corresponding to the residual coal intensity in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, to obtain the optimized controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence. The intermittent leak-blocking module is used to intermittently plug the goaf based on the optimized controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence to achieve dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone in the goaf.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following: This application provides a method and system for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goaf areas. In the execution of this method, firstly, based on multi-source sensing data, structural data, and safety red lines of the goaf area in the current time period, a list of operable plugging points in the goaf area is obtained. Secondly, an intermittent plugging strategy is adopted, adjusting the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, to drive the periodic controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf area, thus obtaining the main leakage channels of the goaf area under different plugging ranges. Based on the leakage of the goaf area under different plugging ranges... The main channel, combined with duty cycle constraints and transposition interval constraints, is modeled using a traveling wave window function to generate a controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence for each time step within the current time period. Then, based on the hazard zone base map corresponding to the residual coal intensity in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence for each time step within the current time period is optimized to obtain an optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence. Finally, based on the optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence, intermittent plugging is performed in the goaf to achieve dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone in the goaf. Thus, on the one hand, based on the multi-source sensing data, structural data, and safety red lines of the goaf, a list of operable plugging points in the goaf for the current time period is obtained. A core air regulation mechanism is established: proactively reconstructing the goaf's airflow path using "traveling wave intermittent plugging" and forcing the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf. This involves using an intermittent plugging air strategy to achieve the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, especially the oxidation zone, generating a controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence for each time step within the current time period, thereby proactively breaking the conditions for heat accumulation within the goaf. On the other hand, microseismic data is used to identify residual coal and compaction / permeability distribution within the goaf, locking down dangerous areas. Furthermore, low-amplitude duty cycle disturbance → field response tests are used to identify the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance. The controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence corresponding to each time point within the current time period is optimized to obtain an optimized controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence. Based on the base map of the dangerous zone corresponding to the intensity of residual coal in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, and after determining which area of ​​the goaf is more dangerous and most sensitive in the current time period, the ventilation control sequence is dynamically adjusted to obtain the optimized controllable leak-blocking point-blocking degree sequence. Based on this optimized sequence, intermittent leak plugging is performed in the goaf to achieve multi-objective coordinated dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone. This ensures that more prioritized and effective airflow management is given to more dangerous and sensitive areas within the goaf, thereby reducing the overall management risk within the goaf. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf areas provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the traveling wave intermittent plugging arrangement and traveling wave window provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of microseismic-driven permeability-residual coal inversion and danger zone provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the permeability scores for some of the tested areas within the goaf. Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the intensity of residual coal in some detection areas within the goaf. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the experimental sequence corresponding to low-amplitude occupation disturbance in the goaf area; Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the movement of the centroid of the internal oxidation zone after intermittent plugging of the goaf. Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the changes in the membership degree and residence time of the internal oxidation zone after intermittent plugging of the goaf. Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the risk potential energy H-field evolution and rolling optimization output of the goaf in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the main process of a method for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goaf areas disclosed in this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the targeted dose and coverage distribution for achieving targeted inhibition provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an intermittent plugging and targeting control system for goaf areas provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this application, but are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0010] In the following description, references to "some embodiments" refer to a subset of all possible embodiments. It is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict. It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" used in the embodiments of this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first," "second," and "third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permissible, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0011] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0012] Example 1: See Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating an intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf areas provided in an embodiment of this application. The following is a summary of the process. Figure 1 The steps shown are explained below: Step 101: Based on the multi-source sensing data, structural data, and safety red line of the goaf in the current time period, obtain a list of operable bottlenecks in the goaf in the current time period.

[0013] In some embodiments, the multi-source sensing data of the goaf in the current time period includes, but is not limited to: temperature, O2 / CO / CO2 content, wind speed / pressure difference, etc., at each collection point in the goaf. Here, the current time period can be the current day, the current week, or the current month, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on it. Correspondingly, the number and location deployment of collection points in the goaf can be determined according to actual needs, and this application also does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0014] In some embodiments, firstly, the structural data of the goaf is identified to obtain the main / auxiliary airways and potential connecting zones (including return air side, old roadway entrances, fracture zones, etc.). Based on this, multi-source sensing devices (distributed fiber optic temperature measurement systems, gas sensors, micro-vibration / acoustic emission arrays) are deployed in the goaf to collect multi-source sensing data of the goaf in the current time period. Then, the preset safety red lines (such as minimum necessary air volume, gas concentration, upper / lower limits of pressure difference, etc.), multi-source sensing data, and structural data are integrated and analyzed to output a list of operable bottlenecks in the goaf in the current time period. In this way, the baseline configuration of object-sensing-constraint can be completed within the goaf to output a set of standardized execution parameter tables, thereby providing a unified entry point for subsequent identification and air adjustment.

[0015] It should be noted that the safety red line for the goaf is the data generated when actions are taken in the goaf only if the following conditions are met: 1. The measured air volume of the working face and related roadways must not be lower than the minimum value approved by regulations or on-site; no action should cause the air volume of critical sections to fall below the lower limit. 2. O2 / CO / CO2 levels must be within the allowable range specified by regulations / on-site; when any indicator approaches the warning line, the intensity and frequency of actions should be automatically reduced; when the alarm line is triggered, unnecessary actions should be stopped and emergency strategies should be implemented. 3. Reversal of air direction at critical sections is not allowed; the pressure difference must be maintained within the specified range to avoid short-circuit airflow or backflow. 4. Necessary airways for gas / hazardous gas emissions must not be closed or significantly weakened; necessary escape, transportation, maintenance, and equipment heat dissipation channels must not be blocked due to sealing actions. 5. All actuators and sensors should meet explosion-proof, dustproof, and fireproof requirements; the thermal / electrical load caused by actions must not exceed the rated value of the equipment.

[0016] Step 102: Adopt an intermittent plugging strategy, adjust the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, so as to drive the periodic controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, and obtain the main air leakage channel in the goaf under different plugging ranges.

[0017] In some embodiments, driving the periodic and controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf can be achieved by organizing a soft-sealing traveling wave that moves back and forth along the strike (or dip) based on the periodic movement pattern of the traveling wave center and the time-division opening and closing of the plugging operations. The main idea is to drive the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones (heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone) in the goaf through spatial intervals and time intervals. Here, by adjusting the periodic movement pattern of the traveling wave center, the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list can be dynamically adjusted by adjusting the amount of plugging material injected or the opening of the adjustable baffle. This can dynamically change the air leakage path in the goaf, thereby forcing the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf to move back and forth with the reconstruction of the air path. In this way, the distribution of air leakage channels in the goaf at different time steps can be formed, so as to actively destroy the conditions for the long-term residence and heat accumulation of the oxidation zone in the goaf. Compared with the one-time static sealing in the prior art, this application utilizes an intermittent plugging strategy (particularly beneficial for goaf areas or scenarios where the goaf is located with slow mining speed and good heat storage conditions) and the periodic movement law of the traveling wave center. The traveling wave strategy constructed can provide controllable small-scale disturbances without changing the main ventilation safety boundary, so that the position of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf exhibits periodic follow-up.

[0018] It should be noted that, based on the gas-solid-heat-mass transfer characteristics within the goaf, the space is typically divided into: 1. Heat dissipation zone: relatively sufficient airflow, low temperature, or temperature rise that is offset by convective heat dissipation; 2. Oxidation zone: oxygen concentration is favorable for oxidation reactions, temperature rise is positive, and heat accumulation is easily formed; 3. Asphyxiation zone: low oxygen concentration, reaction is inhibited, and temperature tends to ambient temperature. The positions of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone are not fixed and are influenced by factors such as advance speed, air leakage intensity, permeability (compaction degree), distribution and quality of residual coal, and the thermal conductivity and moisture content of the surrounding rock.

[0019] In some embodiments, step 102 can be implemented by steps 1021 and 1022. Figure 1 (not shown in the image) Step 1021: Based on the set spacing between adjacent blockages, filter the blockages located on the critical connecting paths in the goaf from the list of operable blockages to obtain the list of controllable blockages.

[0020] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent blockages is set. (Unit: m) refers to setting the distance between each blockage point. From the list of operable blockage points, blockage points located on the critical connectivity path in the goaf are selected to obtain the list of controllable blockage points. ,and ; here, that is, characterization The bottlenecks in the process need to be located on the critical connecting paths of the goaf. And... It is a set of controllable blockage points, which is a one-dimensional coordinate sequence along the key connecting zone of the goaf. Specifically, it is a list of the locations of all controllable blockage points, which is the basic input for subsequent traveling wave wind adjustment calculations. The first in the list of controllable bottlenecks The coordinates of each blockage point (mileage / arc length coordinates along the selected direction). It should be noted that in practical applications, a baseline is usually taken along the strike / dip of the goaf or the centerline of the connecting corridor. This is the projected mileage value of the blockage point on this baseline (this specific value can be obtained by distance measuring / total station / laser distance measuring); This refers to the number of controllable bottlenecks in the list, which is determined by the distance between adjacent bottlenecks. It is determined together with the length of the goaf section, and is approximately ;in, and They are respectively The coordinates of the first and last bottlenecks within the area.

[0021] in, That is The distance between two adjacent blockages within the inner position, such as: the first One bottleneck With the One bottleneck The pitch (interval) between them. Here, we set... This is due to the influence of on-site obstacles / supports / equipment in the goaf area. and The actual spacing may have permissible deviations. ,Right now In practical applications, it can be limited. .

[0022] In some embodiments, The value of can be determined according to the specific conditions of the goaf, and is usually selected as 5-10m. If the area corresponding to the key connecting path in the goaf is relatively narrow, then can be adjusted accordingly. The value is set to 3-5m; if the area corresponding to the key connecting path in the goaf is open and the layout is restricted, the value can be set to 3-5m. The value is set to 8-12m, and a wider traveling wave window is subsequently used. In this way, the location of controllable blockages in the goaf and the required intervals can be determined. This not only serves as the coordinate basis for the subsequent traveling wave ventilation trajectory and blockage profile, but also as a key input for subsequent rolling optimization and safety / construction constraints.

[0023] Step 1022: Adopt an intermittent plugging strategy. Based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, dynamically adjust the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the controllable plugging point list according to the spatial order of each plugging point. This will drive the periodic and controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, thereby obtaining the main air leakage channels in the goaf under different plugging ranges.

[0024] Among them, the formulas corresponding to the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center are as follows: (1) to (3): Formula (1); Formula (2); Formula (3); in, For the h-th time step, the center of the traveling wave is in one complete motion cycle, which means the relative time of the center of the traveling wave in the h-th time step within one complete motion cycle; The relative phase time within; This is the index of the discrete time step corresponding to the current time period; The preset fixed sampling period; With the center of the traveling wave as the velocity of the center of the traveling wave from Unidirectional movement to Required one-way travel time; and The spatial boundary coordinates for periodically scanning the center of the traveling wave are the coordinates of the first and last blockages in the list of controllable blockages. For modulo operation; Let be the spatial coordinates of the center of the traveling wave at the h-th time step.

[0025] In some embodiments, firstly, an intermittent plugging strategy is adopted, by periodically and sequentially plugging the plugs in a controllable plugging point list in space, that is, making the traveling wave center in [ , Within its effective travel range, the system moves back and forth to actively disturb the air leakage field in the goaf, thereby driving the periodic and controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf. Then, by analyzing the airflow paths that are strongly correlated with the migration patterns of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, the main air leakage channels under different sealing ranges can be identified.

[0026] Thus, using formulas (1) to (3), the "time-space" correspondence within the goaf is given: that is, the discrete time step is... (Interval between each step) Mapped to the spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center And through a sawtooth-like back-and-forth trajectory (the first half of the journey is...) linear progression to (The latter half of the process involves a linear return) ensuring that the traveling wave center sweeps back and forth periodically and at a constant speed within a controllable range. This not only provides criteria for activating which blockage points and their corresponding blockage degree (soft sealing opening) at each subsequent time step, but also allows for speed adjustment to control the rhythm of the migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf. Furthermore, it provides a verifiable spatiotemporal trajectory for subsequent safety and construction constraints. In other words, the periodic movement pattern of the traveling wave center enables controllable wind intensity and coverage frequency within the goaf, thus providing a stable and calculable driving signal for subsequent identification, risk assessment, and rolling optimization of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf.

[0027] Step 103: Based on the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different sealing ranges, and combined with duty cycle constraints and transposition interval constraints, a traveling wave window function is used for modeling to generate a controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence for each time step in the current time period.

[0028] In some embodiments, the traveling wave window function is a continuous function that varies with the spatial position of the traveling wave center, used to calculate the degree of blockage of the controllable plugging point at the corresponding time step based on the spatial distance between the controllable plugging point and the traveling wave center.

[0029] Following the above description, the traveling wave window function can be: a function that dynamically calculates the corresponding blockage degree for each blockage point in the controllable blockage point list based on the spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center and the preset window width; the moving trajectory of the traveling wave center is determined by: extracting the path coordinate sequence from the centerline of the main leakage channel under different blocking ranges in the goaf; the moving speed and dwell time of the traveling wave center are jointly determined by the duty cycle constraint and the transposition interval constraint (here, when a blockage point does not meet the duty cycle or transposition interval constraint, the blockage degree is reduced to 0). Correspondingly, the above step 103 can be implemented by the following steps 1031 to 1034. Figure 1 (not shown in the image) Step 1031: For time step h within the current time period, based on the spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center at time step h. and preset window width Within the list of controllable plugging points, determine the set of controllable plugging points corresponding to time step h. The spatial coordinates of the controllable plugging points within the set are... satisfy: .

[0030] In some embodiments, the trajectory of the traveling wave center is determined by the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different sealing ranges; that is, the trajectory of the traveling wave center must preferentially cover the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different sealing ranges. Correspondingly, the duty cycle constraint and the transposition interval constraint can be determined according to the actual situation in the goaf (multi-source sensing data) and sealing equipment, etc., and this application does not impose specific restrictions on them. See here for reference. Figure 2The diagram shown is a schematic of the traveling wave intermittent plugging arrangement and the traveling wave window.

[0031] In some embodiments, the preset window width can be used to set the spacing between adjacent blockages. The speed of the traveling wave center is preferably 2-3 times that of the time step window to ensure continuous coverage of adjacent time step windows and to meet the minimum spacing constraint of action blockage points within the same time window; and the moving speed of the traveling wave center can preferably be 5-50 m / h.

[0032] In some embodiments, the current time period can be divided into multiple time steps h (the execution logic of each time step h is the same), therefore this solution provides a detailed description of each time step h.

[0033] In some embodiments, the time step h within the current time period is the discrete time step index within the current time period, which can be an integer 1, 2, ... and the set of controllable plugging points corresponding to time step h. It can be expressed by the following formula (4): Formula (4); in, To obtain the absolute value, formula (4) is used to achieve spatial location of time step h in the goaf, i.e., to locate the traveling wave center. and preset window width Project the critical connectivity path onto the goaf area and select the set of bottleneck indices that need to be controlled at time step h. That is, to determine which blockage points in the goaf should be controlled at that time step h.

[0034] It should be noted that the list of controllable blockage points must also meet the following construction and capacity constraints for the goaf in the current time period: 1. The number of controllable blockage points in the list shall not exceed the upper limit approved on-site in the goaf, and the number of changes to the same controllable blockage point within a single cycle is limited. 2. Controllable blockage points that are activated simultaneously within the same time window must maintain a minimum distance specified on-site in the goaf; deployment / activation is prohibited in prohibited areas, equipment occupation areas, or rescue channels within the goaf. 3. The duty cycle of each controllable blockage point must be within the approved range; the minimum holding time for a single activation should meet the requirements, and high-frequency vibration is prohibited. 4. The single-step change amplitude and cumulative change per unit time of the blockage degree of the controllable blockage point are both limited to avoid transient impacts on ventilation. 5. The traveling wave window width, traveling wave velocity, and profile shape index should be within the approved range and matched with the blockage point pitch to ensure continuous coverage of adjacent time windows without skipping points.

[0035] Step 1032: For each controllable plugging point in the controllable plugging point set corresponding to time step h, the degree of plugging of the controllable plugging point at time step h is determined by the soft plugging profile function.

[0036] In some embodiments, step 1032 described above can be implemented through the following process: First, for each controllable leak point j in the controllable leak point set corresponding to time step h, determine the spatial coordinates of controllable leak point j. Spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center Preset window width Substituting into the normalized distance calculation formula, we obtain the normalized distance corresponding to the controllable plugging point j. .

[0037] The formula for calculating the normalized distance is: Formula (5); Here, the normalized distance corresponds to the controllable leak-stopping point j. That is, the spatial coordinates of the controllable plugging point j relative to the center of the traveling wave within that time step h. normalized distance Here, if =0 indicates that the controllable plugging point j is located at the center of the window of the traveling wave center; This indicates that the controllable plugging point j is located at the window boundary of the traveling wave center; This indicates that the controllable plugging point j is located outside the window at the center of the traveling wave.

[0038] Secondly, the normalized distance corresponding to the controllable leak point j. The input is used in the calculation formula of the soft sealing profile function to obtain the degree of blockage of the controllable plugging point j at time step h. The formula for calculating the soft-blocking profile function is as follows: Formula (6); in, It is a shape index used to adjust the shape of the blockage distribution within the window at the center of the traveling wave.

[0039] It should be noted that the degree of blockage at the controllable leak point j at time step h is... The value range of is [0, 1] (where a value of 1 indicates that the controllable leak point j is completely blocked, and a value of 0 indicates that the controllable leak point j is fully open). Meanwhile... The shape of the distribution inside the window representing the center of the traveling wave is a linear triangle; The distribution within the window characterizing the center of the traveling wave is more "sharp" in the middle (stronger at the center, gentler at the edges); this is not recommended. . To obtain a large function, it is used to guarantee the outside of the traveling wave center. The output is truncated to 0.

[0040] In this way, the distance between the controllable plugging point and the center of the traveling wave window is converted into... Then, it is mapped to a continuously adjustable congestion level using a profile function. In this way, abrupt changes in the controllable leak point, such as full opening or full closing, can be avoided, thus achieving smooth control with strong centrality, weak periphery, and zero outside the window. That is, given... Then, a soft-blocking profile function is used to determine the decay shape of the blockage degree with distance, so that a soft blockage is formed inside the traveling wave center—the blockage is more compact near the center, and smoothly transitions to 0 towards the boundary. Here, further adjustments can be made... A compromise can be made between stronger response and smoother transition, satisfying both safety and construction stability.

[0041] In other words, through the above operations, it is possible to ensure that the traveling wave center continuously covers and smoothly transitions in the goaf space, thereby reducing the transient impact of ventilation and facilitating subsequent alignment with the safety red line (minimum necessary air volume, gas concentration / pressure difference) and construction constraints (occupancy, relocation, and operable quantity) of the goaf. This enables the rhythmic reconstruction of the main leakage channel within the goaf, forcing the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, i.e., periodic migration, and actively breaking the dwelling effect.

[0042] Step 1033: Integrate the blockage degree of each controllable plugging point in the controllable plugging point set at time step h to obtain the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to time step h.

[0043] Step 1034: Integrate the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period to obtain the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period.

[0044] In some embodiments, the data integration of the above two steps is performed sequentially to obtain the controllable leak point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step within the current time period. This is achieved by using a "soft-blocking traveling wave" mechanism that moves back and forth in space, opening and closing the leak point in a time-division manner: strong blocking at the center of the window and weak blocking at the edges, moving at a constant or adaptive speed over time to reconstruct the main air leakage channel, thereby forcing the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf to migrate back and forth along the air path. Simultaneously, the duty cycle and relocation interval are used to rigidly constrain how long the blockage lasts and how long the relocation occurs, to avoid new leaks remaining at the same blockage location, thus controlling the accumulation of leak points.

[0045] Step 104: Based on the base map of the dangerous zone corresponding to the intensity of residual coal in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, optimize the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period to obtain the optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence.

[0046] In some embodiments, a target function for the total risk potential of the goaf can be constructed by using the base map of the danger zone as the risk cost weight and the dynamic response map of the disturbance as the control effectiveness weight. Then, the parameters of the traveling wave window function corresponding to the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence at each time step in the current time period are used as optimization variables. The optimization variables that minimize the target function are solved by the optimization algorithm, and the optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence is generated based on the solution results.

[0047] In some embodiments, the base map of the danger zone corresponding to the intensity of residual coal in the goaf can be obtained through the following steps A1 to A3: Step A1 involves calculating and / or inverting the microseismic waveform data of the goaf collected during the current time period to obtain the cumulative microseismic energy, microseismic event density, b-value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation amount at each location in the goaf.

[0048] In some embodiments, the cumulative microseismic energy is used to reflect the total energy released by microseismic events at each location in the goaf; the microseismic event density is used to reflect the frequency of rock mass fracturing activity at each location in the goaf; the b-value / spectral slope index is used to reflect the size distribution at each location in the goaf; and the quality factor / attenuation is a parameter used to describe the seismic wave energy attenuation at each location in the goaf.

[0049] Step A2: For each location in the goaf, analyze the cumulative microseismic energy, microseismic event density, b-value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation amount at that location to obtain the residual coal intensity at that location.

[0050] In some embodiments, step A2 above can be implemented by the following steps A21 to A23: Step A21: For each location in the goaf, input the cumulative microseismic energy, microseismic event density, b-value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation amount at that location into the structural signal fusion index calculation formula to obtain the structural signal fusion index for that location. The structural signal fusion index calculation formula is as follows: Formula (7); in, Location of the goaf The structural signal fusion index describes the location. The comprehensive score of loose connectivity, activity, and degree, i.e., its use to characterize location. A comprehensive score considering structural looseness, fracture connectivity, and fracture activity; The first coefficient; Location of the goaf The normalized value of the cumulative energy of microseismic events; The second coefficient; Location of the goaf The normalized value of the microseismic event density; It is the third coefficient; Location of the goaf The b-value / spectral slope index reflects the steepness of the energy level distribution of microseismic events: The smaller the value, the higher the proportion of relatively high-energy events and the more brittle the medium. The larger the value, the more dense the small events and the more uniform / dense the medium. It is the fourth coefficient; Location of the goaf The normalized value of the quality factor / attenuation; entered in formula (7) with "-": that is, the weaker the attenuation ( (Larger) → Location of the goaf The more complete / dense the medium, the lower the temperature should be. The stronger the attenuation ( The smaller the value, the less it weakens. This is helpful in identifying loose / fractured connected zones in goaf areas. , , as well as For adjusting the effects of each component The relative contribution, in this application, , , as well as All are non-negative coefficients, and + .

[0051] Using the above formula (7), the multi-source structural signals such as microseismic cumulative energy, microseismic event density, b-value / spectral slope index, quality factor / attenuation, etc., are fused into the core indicators for generating the structure-permeability base map of the goaf: High energy / event density / low brittleness / low The (high attenuation) areas are integrated into an intuitive and comparable figure, thereby quantifying the loose-connected-active nature of the goaf and providing a reliable and feasible spatial prior for subsequent dynamic ventilation and (optional) targeted suppression.

[0052] Step A22: Substitute the structural signal fusion index at this location into the calculation formulas for transparency score and compaction index to obtain the compaction index at that location. The calculation formulas for transparency score and compaction index are as follows: Formula (8); in, and The locations of the goaf are respectively The permeability score and compaction index of the Used to describe the location The relative degree of connectivity / air leakage is usually limited to the range of [0, 1] (0 is the least transparent, 1 is the most transparent). For this position The compaction index, also known as the density score, is defined as the complementary factor to the permeability score; among which, =1 indicates high compaction / density and the lowest connectivity; =0 indicates extremely uncompacted / extremely permeable, with the highest connectivity. Here, converting the permeability score into a compaction / density score makes it easier to call and use them in combination in hazardous area identification, traveling wave leak sealing priority, risk potential energy memory, and optimization constraints. The intercept of the linear mapping; The slope of the linear mapping; This is the amplitude limiting function.

[0053] Here, will It achieves a transparent score that maps the fusion index of structural signals such as microseismic signals to 0-1 with linear gain, and ensures numerical stability through amplitude limiting.

[0054] Step A23: Using the formula for calculating the strength of residual coal that incorporates a geometric coal accumulation tendency factor, the compaction index at this location is calculated to obtain the strength of the residual coal at that location. The formula for calculating the strength of residual coal is as follows: ; in, and The locations of the goaf are respectively The residual coal strength and geometric coal accumulation tendency factor; For the baseline term; To solidify complementary weights; The weighting is the geometric coal accumulation tendency.

[0055] here, Location of the goaf The intensity of residual coal (exposure score) indicates the location. The relative magnitude of the amount of residual coal that can participate in oxidation or the degree of exposure. The baseline term represents the baseline score for residual coal under ideal conditions of full compaction and geometry unfavorable to coal accumulation. For the compaction of complementary weights, when the value is positive, the worse the compaction (the looser / more permeable), the better. The larger. The geometric coal accumulation tendency weight is positive, indicating that the geometric conditions are more favorable for the accumulation of residual coal (e.g., proximity to old roadways, large mining height, and insufficient gangue removal). The larger. Location of the goaf The geometric coal accumulation tendency factor has a value range of (0, 1). It is usually obtained by normalizing and fusing the following quantities: distance from old roadways / connecting roadways, working face geometric parameters (mining height, advance history), roof fall height / filling condition, and proximity to geological structures.

[0056] Step A3: Based on the topological relationships between different locations within the goaf, integrate the residual coal intensity at all locations within the goaf to obtain the base map of the goaf's danger zone.

[0057] In some embodiments, the structural looseness / permeability parameters and geometric coal accumulation tendency parameters at each location in the goaf are linearly fused to obtain the results for each location in the goaf. This allows for the construction of a base map of the hazardous area in the goaf (base map of residual coal distribution), such as... Figure 3 As shown, taking a monitoring area (such as a goaf) as an example, 10 geophones are deployed at different locations to collect microseismic waveform data within the monitoring area. Based on the collected microseismic waveform data, the corresponding microseismic events are evaluated, as well as the high-risk areas within the monitoring area, i.e. areas with high residual coal intensity, so as to finally obtain the residual coal inversion and danger zone of the monitoring area, i.e., the danger zone base map.

[0058] Correspondingly, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The figures shown are schematic diagrams illustrating the permeability scores and residual coal strength of some detection areas within the goaf.

[0059] In this way, it is possible to describe in detail where residual coal is more likely to exist / be exposed in the goaf, providing a calculable and calibrable spatial prior for subsequent hazard zone identification, ventilation prioritization, and optimized weighting. That is, this application, without directly accessing the interior of the goaf, does not follow the traditional technical route of multiple monitoring points + simple monitoring. Instead, it uses microseismic data from the goaf to fuse structural signal indices, which are then mapped to permeability scores and compaction indices. Combined with geometric priors, the intensity / exposure of residual coal is estimated, thus forming three base maps: permeability, compaction, and residual coal, and their superimposed high-risk mask, i.e., the hazard zone base map of the goaf. In some embodiments, the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance can be obtained through the following steps B1 to B4: Step B1: Within the boundary between the safety red line of the goaf and the construction parameters, apply a low-amplitude duty disturbance of no more than the preset safety threshold to the controllable plugging points in the controllable plugging point set corresponding to each time step in the current time period, so as to collect the time-series response data of the controllable plugging point action and the state change of the oxidation zone in the goaf.

[0060] In some embodiments, a low-amplitude duty cycle disturbance, i.e., a small-amplitude duty cycle disturbance test, is used within the boundary corresponding to the safety red line and construction parameters of the goaf area to quantify the actions of controllable plugging points in the controllable plugging point set corresponding to each time step within the current time period, in order to measure the sensitivity of changes in the oxidation zone (spontaneous combustion zone) within the goaf area. Here, refer to... Figure 6 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the experimental sequence corresponding to low-amplitude occupation disturbance in the goaf area.

[0061] Step B2 involves fitting the time-series response data to obtain the influence matrix of the controllable plugging point action on the state of the oxidation zone.

[0062] In some embodiments, without explicitly solving complex ventilation equations, experimental data on low-amplitude duty cycle disturbance-field response are used to directly fit the sensitivity matrix of how the blockage action changes the membership distribution of the oxidation zone, serving as a data-driven controllability map, i.e., generating a disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf. Specifically, the first-order controllability matrix shown in formula (10) can be used in the implementation process: = Formula (10); in, Let be the membership field vector of the oxidation zone at time step h, used to characterize the relative degree to which each spatial unit is in the oxidation zone state. The number of spatial units; and ;and It is a controllability matrix; and For the first Time step, i.e., the first Step actuator blockage increment vector, elements , indicating the first The relative change in the degree of blockage of a controllable plugging point between adjacent time steps is a dimensionless quantity after normalizing the actual change in the degree of blockage, and its value ranges from [-1, 1]. To model the residual / noise vector; This is the influence matrix obtained by least squares using ridge regularization; This is the set of small perturbation test time steps (index set) used for identification. =Number of adjustable blockage points; Euclidean 2-norm (vector); Frobenius norm (matrix); is the ridge regression regularity coefficient, used to control the smoothness / robustness of the estimate.

[0063] In this way, the motion increment (low-amplitude duty cycle perturbation) is mapped to the field increment, and ridge regression is used to estimate the field increment on small-perturbation experimental data. This process suppresses noise and multicollinearity, yielding data-driven actions, i.e., a field sensitivity map. It can be directly used in the action suppression term in the risk potential energy update formula, and to calculate the local ventilation suppression degree / controllability index. In addition, it can also assist the optimizer in selecting the blockage point and action range of the priority action.

[0064] Step B3 involves performing low-rank and sparse decomposition on the influence matrix to separate the low-rank component matrix representing the global ventilation situation and the sparse component matrix representing the local near-field effect.

[0065] In some embodiments, the influence matrix is ​​split into a low-rank component matrix representing the global ventilation situation and a sparse component matrix representing the local near-field effect using the following formula (11): Formula (11); in, It is a low-rank component matrix; It is the nuclear norm (the sum of singular values); It is a sparse component matrix; It is the L1 norm (the sum of the absolute values ​​of the elements). : These are the regularization weights that control the low-rank component matrix and the sparse component matrix, respectively.

[0066] Here, will Decomposing it into global low-rank + local sparse can enhance... The robustness and interpretability, and : Capture the overall pressure field / basic air path changes in the goaf area and their wide-ranging impact on the overall membership degree; This approach highlights the strong local impact of a specific bottleneck in a goaf on several neighboring grids. Compared to simple ridge regression, it is more robust to noise and anomalies, making it suitable for the globally coupled yet locally strong response structure of goaf areas. The decomposition results also facilitate the implementation of differentiated strategies during scheduling. Used for basic rhythm / amplitude planning Used for precise control of key bottlenecks.

[0067] Step B4 involves performing performance aggregation analysis on the low-rank component matrix and the sparse component matrix to generate a dynamic response map of disturbances that characterizes the global and local controllability of each controllable plugging point.

[0068] In some embodiments, a set of executable low-amplitude duty disturbance → field response tests are used to identify online how the action of each controllable plugging point affects the membership degree of the oxidation zone of each spatial unit. This can upgrade the relationship between the air regulation action and the changes in the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf from empirical and qualitative judgment to a quantitative, reproducible, and optimizable control basis, i.e., generate a disturbance dynamic response map.

[0069] Here, the disturbance dynamic response map is used to characterize the global and local control effectiveness of each controllable plugging point on different spatial areas of the goaf.

[0070] It should be noted that, in this application, in order to avoid highly complex flow / heat transfer equations, low-amplitude duty-free disturbances are performed within the safety red line of the goaf area. Time-series data of the field response (change in oxidation zone criterion) corresponding to the change of the plugging point are recorded, and an influence matrix is ​​fitted online, which is the sensitivity of the action of a controllable plugging point to the state of the reaction zone in a certain area. At the same time, low-rank + sparse decomposition is introduced to distinguish between the global ventilation state and the local near-field effect. That is, the influence matrix serves not only for the subsequent calculation of risk potential energy, but also directly as an optimizer to identify the controllability map (disturbance dynamic response map) where the most worthwhile action is.

[0071] In some embodiments, an intermittent + intermittent leak-blocking air supply strategy is used to achieve the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, especially the oxidation zone, thereby actively breaking the conditions for heat storage formation. This is supplemented by microseismic data to laterally determine the distribution of residual coal and compaction / permeability, identifying the danger zone of the goaf. Furthermore, a low-amplitude goaf disturbance → field response test is conducted to identify the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance. The controllable leak-blocking point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time point within the current time period is optimized to obtain the optimized controllable leak-blocking point-blockage degree sequence. Thus, based on the base map of the danger zone corresponding to the intensity of residual coal in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, and after determining which area of ​​the goaf is more dangerous and most sensitive within the current time period, the ventilation control sequence is dynamically adjusted to ensure that more prioritized and more effective airflow management is given to the more dangerous and more sensitive areas within the goaf, thereby reducing overall risk.

[0072] Step 105: Based on the optimized controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence, intermittent plugging is performed on the goaf to achieve dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone in the goaf.

[0073] In some embodiments, the goaf can be targeted and controlled by a specific actuator according to an optimized controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence to achieve dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone (self-ignition zone) in the goaf. The actuator's stroke, torque / pressure, power supply, and communication bandwidth must not exceed limits; if the equipment load approaches its limit, the action scale must be automatically reduced (e.g., reducing the intensity of the corresponding action) or postponed to a workable period (e.g., adjusting the execution sequence).

[0074] It should be noted that when intermittently plugging leaks in the goaf, it is not necessary to affect the support, transportation, dust suppression, and maintenance operations within the goaf; and if cross-disciplinary operations are involved (such as grouting and extraction), prior communication is required to avoid conflicts during the process.

[0075] The intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf areas provided in this application, on the one hand, based on the list of operable plugging points in the goaf area during the current time period obtained from multi-source sensing data, structural data, and safety red lines, adopts a wind regulation mechanism centered on actively reconstructing the air path of the goaf area through "traveling wave intermittent plugging" and forcing the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf area. That is, through the intermittent plugging air strategy, the continuous migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf area, especially the oxidation zone, is achieved, corresponding to the generation of a controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence for each time step in the goaf area during the current time period, thereby actively breaking the heat accumulation formation conditions in the goaf area; on the other hand, microseismic data is used to identify the residual coal and compaction / permeability distribution in the goaf area, locking the dangerous areas of the goaf area, and low-amplitude occupation disturbance → field response test is used to identify the goaf area. The disturbance dynamic response map optimizes the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence for each time point within the current time period, resulting in an optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence. Based on the base map of the danger zone corresponding to the residual coal intensity in the goaf and the disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf, and after determining which area of ​​the goaf is more dangerous and most sensitive within the current time period, the ventilation control sequence is dynamically adjusted to obtain the optimized controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence. Based on this optimized sequence, intermittent plugging is performed in the goaf to achieve multi-objective coordinated dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone. This ensures that more dangerous and sensitive areas within the goaf receive priority and more effective airflow management, thereby reducing overall management risks within the goaf.

[0076] In some embodiments, after performing step 105, the following steps C1 to C3 may also be performed: Step C1: Obtain the oxidation reaction intensity, oxidation zone residence and accumulation duration, and ventilation control inhibition effect after intermittent plugging of the goaf.

[0077] Step C2, by combining the intensity of the oxidation reaction, the duration of oxidation zone accumulation, and the suppression effect of ventilation control, the risk potential energy H field after intermittent plugging of the goaf is obtained.

[0078] Step C3: Based on the risk potential energy H field after intermittent plugging in the goaf, evaluate the rationality of the controllable plugging point-blockage degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the next time period.

[0079] In some embodiments, during the current time period, intermittent plugging is performed on the goaf based on the optimized controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence to achieve dynamic targeted control of the goaf oxidation zone. Then, data on the current oxidation reaction intensity, oxidation zone residence and accumulation duration, and ventilation control suppression effect within the goaf are collected. These three types of information are then unified to form a risk potential energy H field after intermittent plugging of the goaf. Here, the risk potential energy H field not only reflects the thermal inertia / memory within the goaf but also provides insights into the results of using the intermittent plugging strategy described in this application. This allows for subsequent comparison of the future risk and benefit of different ventilation control sequences (controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequences), providing a predictable risk metric for subsequent optimization objectives.

[0080] For reference here. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, schematic diagrams illustrating the movement of the centroids of the three spontaneous combustion zones, particularly the oxidation zone, after intermittent plugging of the goaf are presented, along with schematic diagrams showing the changes in the membership degree and residence time of the oxidation zone within the goaf. Further rolling optimization (E) can be performed within the safety red line and construction constraints of the goaf, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the H-field (obtained based on reaction intensity, oxidation zone residence time, ventilation adjustment actions, and material delivery) after intermittent plugging of the goaf is used as input. The main objective is to minimize the potential energy (total risk potential energy H-field) plus exceeding the residence limit. Simultaneously, the migration speed of the oxidation zone, action sparsity, and (material / construction) costs are incorporated into a unified cost function. Combined with the construction constraints of the goaf, such as safety red lines (minimum necessary air volume, gas concentration / pressure difference, etc.), construction capacity, shift windows (number of actions per cycle, minimum spacing, duty and relocation indicators), and retreat strategies when safety red lines are triggered or construction conditions are limited, the system calculates the action list for the next cycle (i.e., plugging point number - plugging degree - duration / start and end time) and traveling wave parameters, such as traveling wave speed / window. If the indicators are insufficient (e.g., when the monitored indicators are below the preset threshold), the optimization results will adaptively increase the traveling wave speed or narrow the window; if the indicators are close to the safety red line (e.g., when the monitored indicators reach or approach the safety red line threshold), the action scale is automatically downgraded to ensure safety priority.

[0081] In some embodiments, the intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf provided in this application can also be run in the goaf according to a preset control cycle. For example, the duty cycle / relocation interval can be updated periodically using "shift level" as the strategy. The base map of the dangerous area of ​​the goaf can be updated by shift / day level. The corresponding data flow continuously rolls in a closed loop of "identification → adjustment → execution → controllability → judgment → evaluation → optimization". The corresponding key indicators, such as migration reachability, number of actions, H-field integral, etc., are used for monthly / quarterly evaluation and parameter tuning, gradually converging to a steady-state rhythm that is both safe and economical.

[0082] See Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the main process of an intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf areas disclosed in this application, involving five parts: 1. Unified input and boundary conditions, including: determining the goaf structure, multi-source sensing data of the goaf (temperature, wind speed, gas and microseismic data, etc.), and preset safety red line (used to determine the construction boundary of the goaf).

[0083] 2. Danger zone base map: This is obtained by sequentially confirming the permeability score, compaction index, and residual coal strength of each location in the goaf, thus identifying the high-risk areas within the goaf.

[0084] 3. Traveling wave intermittent plugging, based on duty cycle constraints and transposition interval constraints, implements soft plugging traveling waves to determine the controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence of the goaf at each time step in the current time period.

[0085] 4. Controllability research and judgment criteria involve two methods. One method is small-disturbance experiments to determine the influence matrix of the disturbance on the potential energy field within the goaf. Based on this influence matrix, a dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance can be determined, which can be compared with the base map of the goaf's danger zone. At the same time, the controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence corresponding to each time step of the current time period can be optimized. The other method is to intermittently plug the goaf based on the controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence corresponding to each time step of the current time period to obtain the continuous membership degree of the oxidation zone within the goaf (specifically including: residence time of the oxidation zone, migration reachability, and centroid migration speed of the oxidation zone). Subsequently, based on the continuous membership degree of the oxidation zone, the controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence corresponding to each time step of the current time period can be further optimized.

[0086] 5. Evaluation and decision-making: Based on the intermittent plugging of the goaf, the risk potential energy H field (response intensity, residence accumulation, and suppression of ventilation adjustment actions) can be obtained. Based on this risk potential energy H field, subsequent rolling optimization and periodic rhythm and loop convergence can be performed.

[0087] Correspondingly, refer to Figure 11 The diagram illustrates the targeted dosage and coverage distribution for determining the approximate location of the oxidation zone in the goaf based on the traveling wave intermittent plugging dynamic control provided in the embodiments of this application, and further spraying inhibitors and implementing grouting at the corresponding locations (such as high-risk areas identified within the oxidation zone) to achieve targeted inhibition.

[0088] Based on the above description, the intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf provided in this application firstly acquires multi-source sensing data within the goaf by deploying sensors for temperature, coal spontaneous combustion characteristic gases, wind speed / pressure difference, and micro-vibration. Secondly, adjustable plugging units are arranged at preset intervals (e.g., several meters) along the key connecting zones of the goaf. Soft-sealing traveling waves are used to periodically open and close, constrained by duty cycle / transposition interval, actively reconstructing the leakage path and driving the continuous migration of the heat dissipation zone, reaction zone (oxidation zone), and asphyxiation zone. That is, under the objective condition of leakage during normal mining, the oxidation zone is made "moving," avoiding its prolonged local residence and the resulting high temperature point / heat accumulation risk. Then, the main scheme is a dynamic response map of disturbance driven by micro-vibration data for danger zone identification + disturbance interference identification + traveling wave-type intermittent plugging, which achieves intermittent plugging of the goaf, thereby realizing dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone in the goaf.

[0089] This application is applicable to any complex ventilation cavity with "multi-channel ventilation + heat-reaction risk", such as goaf, old roadway, underground cavern, and ventilation corridor. This is because the long-term presence of reaction zone / oxidation zone in ventilation cavity (such as goaf) is a direct triggering factor for the formation of high temperature point / heat accumulation risk. Existing static / one-time leak sealing + wide-area monitoring is difficult to actively break the presence; relying solely on the speed of advancement or pressure equalization for leak sealing is easily limited by the working conditions. This scheme can reconstruct the main leakage channel in space by intermittently plugging traveling waves, forcing the three zones to continuously migrate; it can generate a base map of the danger zone by microseismic inversion, and identify the dynamic response map of the goaf by low-amplitude duty disturbance → field response test, which together serve as the key areas of action and optimization weights for intermittent plugging traveling waves; in addition, it can continuously measure the follow-up state of the three zones by membership degree, residence time and centroid velocity, and use the risk potential energy H field to remember the comprehensive effect of "heat-reaction-control-material"; finally, it generates an action list for the next cycle of "where to plug, for how long to plug, and with what rhythm" through rolling optimization; in addition, it can perform targeted suppression (resistance / grouting, etc.) at the intersection of the predicted oxidation zone and the high-risk zone.

[0090] In other words, this application proposes a leak-sealing method to address the high-temperature point / heat accumulation risk caused by the "long-term residence" of the reaction zone / oxidation zone in the goaf. This method, under the condition of meeting ventilation and safety constraints, actively regulates the migration of the oxidation zone in the goaf. The core of this method is traveling-wave intermittent leak-sealing. By actively driving the migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf, and combining hazard zone identification and disturbance response modeling, it achieves dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone in the goaf. Specifically, its core air-regulating mechanism is the active reconstruction of the airflow path and forced continuous migration of the three zones through "traveling-wave intermittent leak-sealing," and it utilizes micro-... The inversion of seismic / acoustic emission structural signals forms a base map of the hazardous area of ​​permeable-compressed-residual coal, as well as a low-amplitude occupancy disturbance → field response test, which identifies the dynamic response map of disturbance in the goaf, so that ventilation adjustment is prioritized for high-risk connecting zones and highly sensitive areas; at the same time, using continuous membership degree-residence duration-centroid velocity as indicators, the controllability is characterized by the action → field influence matrix, and the risk potential energy H field is used to uniformly remember the comprehensive effect of "reaction-residence-action", and within the safety red line and construction constraints, the next cycle action list is generated through rolling optimization, specifying "where to block, for how long to block, and with what rhythm".

[0091] Based on the foregoing embodiments, this application further provides an intermittent plugging and targeted control system for goaf areas, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 12 As shown, the system 1200 includes: The identification module 1201 is used to obtain a list of operable bottlenecks in the goaf area in the current time period based on the multi-source sensing data, structural data and safety red line of the goaf area in the current time period. The drive migration module 1202 is used to adopt an intermittent plugging strategy and adjust the plugging intensity of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, so as to drive the periodic controllable migration of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf and obtain the main air leakage channel in the goaf under different plugging ranges. The blockage sequence generation module 1203 is used to model the main leakage channel of the goaf under different blocking ranges, combined with duty cycle constraints and transposition interval constraints, and to generate a controllable blockage point-blockage degree sequence for each time step in the current time period using a traveling wave window function. The optimization module 1204 is used to optimize the controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period based on the base map of the dangerous area corresponding to the intensity of residual coal in the goaf and the dynamic response map of the goaf disturbance, so as to obtain the optimized controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence. The intermittent plugging module 1205 is used to intermittently plug the goaf based on the optimized controllable plugging point-blocking degree sequence, so as to achieve dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone of the goaf.

[0092] It should be noted that the description of the above system embodiments is similar to the description of the above method embodiments, and has similar beneficial effects. For technical details not disclosed in the system embodiments of this application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of this application for understanding.

[0093] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, if the above-mentioned intermittent plugging and targeted control method for goaf areas is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, or the part that contributes to the related technology, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause an electronic device to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks. Thus, the embodiments of this application are not limited to any specific hardware and software combination.

[0094] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence numbers of the above-described processes do not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. The sequence numbers of the above-described embodiments are merely descriptive and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0095] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0096] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0097] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units. They may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of this application, depending on actual needs.

[0098] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0099] Alternatively, if the integrated units described above are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, or the parts that contribute to related technologies, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause the device automatic test line to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0100] The methods disclosed in the several method embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments.

[0101] The features disclosed in the several method or system embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method or system embodiments.

[0102] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goaf, characterized in that, The method comprises: According to the multi-source perception data, structural data and safety red line of the goaf in the current time period, a list of operable plugging points of the goaf in the current time period is obtained; An intermittent plugging strategy is adopted, and the plugging strength of the plugging points in the list of operable plugging points is adjusted based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, so as to drive the periodic controllable migration of the spontaneous combustion three zones of the goaf, and the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different plugging ranges are obtained; Based on the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different plugging ranges, combined with the duty cycle constraint and the transposition interval constraint, a traveling wave window function is used for modeling to generate the controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period; Based on the dangerous area bottom map corresponding to the strength of the residual coal in the goaf and the disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf, the controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period is optimized to obtain the optimized controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence; Based on the optimized controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence, intermittent plugging is performed on the goaf to realize dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone of the goaf.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, An intermittent plugging strategy is adopted, and the plugging strength of the plugging points in the list of operable plugging points is adjusted based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, so as to drive the periodic controllable migration of the spontaneous combustion three zones of the goaf, and the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different plugging ranges are obtained, including: According to the distance between adjacent plugging points, the plugging points located on the key connected path of the goaf are selected from the list of operable plugging points to obtain a list of controllable plugging points; An intermittent plugging strategy is adopted, and the plugging strength of the plugging points in the list of operable plugging points is adjusted based on the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center, so as to drive the periodic controllable migration of the spontaneous combustion three zones of the goaf, and the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different plugging ranges are obtained; Wherein, the periodic motion law of the traveling wave center corresponds to the formula: ； ； ； wherein, is the relative phase time of the traveling wave center within a full motion cycle at the hth time step; is the discrete time step index corresponding to the current time period; is a preset fixed sampling period; is the traveling wave center, with the velocity of the traveling wave center from one-way motion to the target required one-way time; and is the spatial boundary coordinate of the periodic scanning of the traveling wave center; is a modulo operation; is the spatial coordinate of the traveling wave center at the hth time step.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the traveling wave window function is a function for dynamically calculating the corresponding plugging degree for each plugging point in the list of controllable plugging points based on the spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center and the preset window width; the moving trajectory of the traveling wave center is determined by the path coordinate sequence obtained by center line extraction on the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different plugging ranges; and the moving speed and the residence time of the traveling wave center are determined by the duty cycle constraint and the transposition interval constraint; Based on the main air leakage channels of the goaf under different plugging ranges, combined with the duty cycle constraint and the transposition interval constraint, a traveling wave window function is used for modeling to generate the controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period, including: For a time step h in the current time period, based on the spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center of the time step h and a preset window width In the controllable plug point list, determine the controllable plug point set corresponding to the time step h; wherein the spatial coordinates of the controllable plug point in the controllable plug point set satisfy: ; For each controllable plugging point in the controllable plugging point set corresponding to the time step h, a soft plugging profile function is used to determine the plugging degree of the controllable plugging point at the time step h; The plugging degrees of each controllable plugging point in the controllable plugging point set at the time step h are integrated to obtain the controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence corresponding to the time step h; The controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequences corresponding to each time step in the current time period are integrated to obtain the controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, For each controllable plugging point in the controllable plugging point set corresponding to the time step h, a soft plugging profile function is used to determine the plugging degree of the controllable plugging point at the time step h, comprising: For each controllable leak-stopping point j in the controllable leak-stopping point set corresponding to time step h, the spatial coordinates of controllable leak-stopping point j are... Spatial coordinates of the traveling wave center Preset window width Substituting into the normalized distance calculation formula, we obtain the normalized distance corresponding to the controllable plugging point j. The formula for calculating the normalized distance is: ； The normalized distance corresponding to the controllable lost circulation point j is input into the calculation formula of the soft sealing profile function for calculation to obtain the sealing degree of the controllable lost circulation point j at the time step h , wherein the calculation formula of the soft sealing profile function is: ​ ； wherein is a shape index, used to adjust the shape of the distribution of the clogging degree in the window centered on the traveling wave; is a max function.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The obtaining method of the dangerous area bottom map corresponding to the strength of the residual coal in the goaf comprises: The microseismic waveform data of the goaf collected in the current time period is calculated and / or inverted to obtain the microseismic cumulative energy, event density, b value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation of each position in the goaf. For each position in the goaf, the microseismic cumulative energy, microseismic event density, b value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation of the position are analyzed to obtain the strength of the residual coal at the position. According to the topological relationship between the positions in the goaf, the strengths of the residual coal at all positions in the goaf are integrated to obtain the dangerous area bottom map of the goaf.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, For each position in the goaf, the microseismic cumulative energy, microseismic event density, b value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation of the position are analyzed to obtain the strength of the residual coal at the position. For each position in the goaf, the microseismic cumulative energy, microseismic event density, b value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation of the position are analyzed to obtain the strength of the residual coal at the position. ； wherein, is a location of the goaf is a structure signal fusion index; is a first coefficient; is a location of the goaf is a normalized value of microseismic cumulative energy; is a second coefficient; is a location of the goaf is a normalized value of microseismic event density; is a third coefficient; is a location of the goaf is a b-value / spectral slope index; is a fourth coefficient; is a location of the goaf is a normalized value of quality factor / attenuation; The structural signal fusion index of the position is calculated by inputting the microseismic cumulative energy, microseismic event density, b value / spectral slope index, and quality factor / attenuation of the position into the structural signal fusion index calculation formula; wherein the structural signal fusion index calculation formula is: ； wherein, and are the permeability score and compaction index, respectively, of the location of the mined-out area; is the intercept of the linear mapping; is the slope of the linear mapping; is a clipping function;​ The compaction index of the position is calculated by substituting the structural signal fusion index of the position into the permeability score and compaction index calculation formula; wherein the permeability score and compaction index calculation formula is: wherein, and respectively are the position of the goaf the residual coal strength and the geometric coal gathering tendency factor; is the baseline term; is the compaction complementary weight; is the geometric coal gathering tendency weight.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein, The strength of the residual coal at the position is calculated by using the residual coal strength calculation formula with a geometric coal accumulation tendency factor; wherein the residual coal strength calculation formula is: The obtaining method of the disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf comprises: Within the boundary of the safety red line of the goaf and the construction parameters, a low-amplitude duty disturbance not exceeding a preset safety threshold is applied to the controllable plugging points in the controllable plugging point set corresponding to each time step in the current time period to collect time sequence response data of the controllable plugging point action and the oxidation zone state change of the goaf; The time sequence response data is fitted to obtain an influence matrix of the controllable plugging point action on the oxidation zone state; The influence matrix is decomposed into a low-rank component matrix representing the global ventilation situation and a sparse component matrix representing the local near-field effect; 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The low-rank component matrix and the sparse component matrix are analyzed for efficiency aggregation to generate a disturbance dynamic response map representing the global and local regulation efficiency of each controllable plugging point. Based on the dangerous area bottom map corresponding to the strength of the residual coal in the goaf and the disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf, the controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence corresponding to each time point in the current time period is optimized to obtain an optimized controllable plugging point-plugging degree sequence, comprising: A target function for the total risk potential of the goaf is constructed by taking the dangerous area bottom map as the risk cost weight and the disturbance dynamic response map as the regulation efficiency weight. The parameters of the row wave window function corresponding to the controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period are taken as the optimization variables, and the optimization variables are solved by an optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function, and an optimized controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence is generated according to the solving result.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the intermittent plugging of the goaf based on the optimized controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence to realize the dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone of the goaf, the method further comprises: obtaining the oxidation reaction intensity, the oxidation zone residence accumulation time length and the ventilation regulation inhibition effect after the intermittent plugging of the goaf; fusing the oxidation reaction intensity, the oxidation zone residence accumulation time length and the ventilation regulation inhibition effect to obtain the risk potential H field of the goaf after the intermittent plugging; based on the risk potential H field of the goaf after the intermittent plugging, evaluating the rationality of the controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the next time period.

10. A system for intermittent plugging and targeted control of goafs, characterized in that, The system comprises: an identification module for obtaining an operable plugging point list of the goaf in the current time period according to multi-source perception data, structural data and safety red lines of the goaf in the current time period; a driving migration module for adjusting the plugging strength of the plugging points in the operable plugging point list based on the periodic motion law of the row wave center to drive the periodic controllable migration of the spontaneous combustion three-zone of the goaf by adopting an intermittent plugging strategy, to obtain the air leakage main channel of the goaf under different plugging ranges; a plugging sequence generation module for generating a controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period by modeling with a row wave window function based on the air leakage main channel of the goaf under different plugging ranges, combined with the duty cycle constraint and the transposition interval constraint; an optimization module for optimizing the controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence corresponding to each time step in the current time period based on the dangerous area bottom map corresponding to the residual coal intensity in the goaf and the disturbance dynamic response map of the goaf, to obtain an optimized controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence; an intermittent plugging module for intermittently plugging the goaf based on the optimized controllable plugging point-obstruction degree sequence to realize the dynamic targeted control of the oxidation zone of the goaf.

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