Techniques for continuous beam scanning for integrated lens antennas

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A network entity may generate a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with the network entity. Further, the network entity may generate a set of beamforming weights based on convergence locations of target coverage areas corresponding to cells supported by the network entity. The convergence location may be based on the target coverage area and based on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. As such, the network entity may transmit a signal to a user equipment (UE) via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal may be spatially distributed within a target coverage area of the cell.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] The present Application for Patent claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 454,554 by Shaked et al., entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR CONTINUOUS BEAM SCANNING FOR INTEGRATED LENS ANTENNAS,” filed August 23, 2023, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications, including techniques for continuous beam scanning for integrated lens antennas. BACKGROUND

[0004] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems can be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple- access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which can be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems can employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system can include one or more base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication with multiple communication devices, which can be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). SUMMARY

[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for continuous beam sweeping with integrated lens antennas. For example, the described techniques can support using a lens antenna or other antenna capable of continuous beam sweeping to generate a directional (e.g., narrow) beam for performing continuous beam tracking. A network entity can generate a set of discrete beams from a beam codebook and can transmit the beams to a user equipment (UE), which can perform measurements on the set of beams. The UE can transmit a measurement report to the network entity that includes measurements corresponding to the set of discrete beams. Using the received measurements, the network entity can calculate an angle of boresight for a new beam (e.g., a beam that can exceed a threshold received power at the UE (e.g., maximize received power at the UE)) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams and one or more refinement (e.g., optimization) procedures. The network entity can then add the new beam to a beam codebook for the UE and can instruct the UE to begin using the new beam via a serving beam indication. The UE can then continue to perform beam measurements on the beams of the beam codebook (including the serving beam) and can transmit measurement reports to the network entity. The network entity can then use the ongoing measurement reports from the UE to determine whether to keep the new beam or remove the new beam from the beam codebook. For example, the network entity can determine that the quality or received power of the new beam has fallen below a threshold based on the beam measurements, or that the new beam has been used for a duration of time that exceeds a threshold. The network entity can then remove the beam from the beam codebook and can calculate another new beam for the UE to use for subsequent communications.

[0006] Additionally, the described techniques provide for a network entity to generate a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with the network entity. Further, the network entity can generate the set of beamforming weights based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of a cell supported by the network entity. The convergence location can be based on the target coverage area and based on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. As such, the network entity can transmit a signal to a user equipment (UE) via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna in accordance with the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal can be spatially distributed within the target coverage area of the cell.

[0007] A method for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method may include: transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each beam in the set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals, different from the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam; and transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based on the at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0008] An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; receive a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; transmit a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam, different from each beam in the set of multiple beams for transmission of the set of synchronization signals from the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; receive a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam; and transmit one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0009] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include: means for transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; means for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; means for transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam different from each beam in the set of multiple beams for transmitting the set of synchronization signals from the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; means for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam; and means for transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0010] A non-transitory computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a network entity. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; receive a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; transmit a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam, different from each beam in the set of multiple beams for transmitting the set of synchronization signals from the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; receive a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam; and transmit one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0011] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements for each of a set of multiple beams corresponding to a beam codebook, wherein a first serving beam may be associated with a beam direction that may be based on the weighted sum.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: generating a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from a set of beam indices for a set of multiple beams used in a beam codebook; and transmitting an instruction to the beam codebook including the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving one or more corresponding received power measurements for each beam in a set of multiple beams for a beam codebook and for a first serving beam.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: generating a beam index associated with a second service beam for a beam codebook based on removing a first service beam from the beam codebook; and sending a second service beam indication including instructions for monitoring each beam in a set of multiple beams that may differ from the beam codebook, as well as the second service beam of the first service beam.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: generating a first service beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of a network entity; and transmitting the first service beam in a direction of a first set of beams that can be measured based on a first measurement report using at least two antenna elements.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for splitting an input signal into two input signals having different corresponding input powers at each of at least two antenna elements.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for applying one or more beam weights to each of at least two antenna elements.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for generating a first serving beam based on one or more beam coefficients, an input signal at a network entity, a radiation pattern of each beam in a set of multiple beams, the angle of one or more sidelobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: applying a selection algorithm to a set of multiple beam weighting coefficients included in a first set of beam measurements to determine a set of beam weighting coefficients associated with a first serving beam; and transmitting the first serving beam based on signal energy that may be based on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the selection algorithm includes gradient descent.

[0021] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining the direction of a first serving beam based on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization processes, or any combination thereof.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, thresholds include receive power thresholds, time duration thresholds, beam selection thresholds or any combination thereof.

[0023] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; transmitting a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; receiving a first serving beam indication including an instruction for monitoring a first serving beam for each beam in the set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals, different from the beamcodebook, wherein the first serving beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0024] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; transmit a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; receive a first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first serving beam, different from each beam in the set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals in the beamcodebook, wherein the first serving beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; transmit a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and transmit one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0025] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; means for transmitting a first measurement report, the first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; means for receiving a first serving beam indication, the first serving beam indication including an instruction for monitoring a first serving beam, different from each beam in the set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals in the beamcodebook, wherein the first serving beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; means for transmitting a second measurement report, the second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and means for transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0026] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook; transmit a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; receive a first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first serving beam, different from each beam in the set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals in the beamcodebook, wherein the first serving beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; transmit a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and transmit one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0027] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a first service beam, which may be based on a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements of each beam in a set of multiple beams corresponding to a beam codebook.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first serving beam indication may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving an indication of a beam codebook that includes a beam index associated with the first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from a set of beam indices for a set of multiple beams used in the beam codebook.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting one or more corresponding received power measurements for each of a set of multiple beams in a beam codebook and for a first serving beam.

[0030] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving an indication of a beam index associated with a second service beam that may be different from the first service beam based on the failure of a first service beam to meet a threshold; and receiving a second service beam indication that includes instructions for monitoring each of a set of multiple beams that may be different from the beam codebook and the second service beam of the first service beam.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, thresholds include receive power thresholds, time duration thresholds, beam selection thresholds or any combination thereof.

[0032] A method for wireless communication by a network entity is described. The method may include: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with the network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna; and transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0033] A network entity for wireless communication is described. The network entity may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled to the memories. The one or more processors may operate individually or collectively to execute code that causes the network entity to: generate a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with the network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna; and transmit a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0034] Another network entity for wireless communication is described. This network entity may include: components for: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with the network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna; and components for: transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0035] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: generate a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna; and transmit a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a signal across a set of azimuth angles associated with a target coverage area via a set of antenna elements of a lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, and the corresponding signal strength of the signal for each azimuth angle in the set of azimuth angles is within a signal strength range.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements positioned along a focal plane associated with a lens of a lens antenna, such that the observed starting position of the signal may differ from the position of the focal plane.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements such that waveforms from the set of antenna elements converge at a convergence location, wherein the convergence location may be based on the transmission angle of the signal and the radius of the lens of the lens antenna.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first distance between the convergence location and the center of the lens of the lens antenna may be based on the focal length of the lens, wherein the focal length of the lens may be based on a second distance between the center of the lens and the focal plane of the lens.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, generating a set of beamforming weights may include operations, features, components, or instructions for generating a set of beamforming weights based on the focal length of the lens antenna and the radius between the center and convergence position of the focal plane of the lens antenna.

[0041] Some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a capability message that indicates that a network entity is capable of spatially distributed transmission within a target coverage area of ​​a cell, wherein the capability message indicates the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0042] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, sending capability messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending capability messages via broadcast messages, multicast messages, or unicast messages.

[0043] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting signals may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting signals via the set of antenna elements of a lens antenna based on one or more input signals for a set of antenna elements of a lens antenna and an aperture function associated with one or more parameters of the lens antenna.

[0044] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the aperture function of the lens antenna can be a Singer function or a Bessel function based on the shape of an array of antenna elements of the lens antenna.

[0045] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of beamforming weights generated may include operations, features, components, or instructions for generating the set of beamforming weights independently of feedback from the user equipment (UE).

[0046] In some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of a lens antenna using a set of beamforming weights applied to the phase of the signal, the amplitude of the signal, or both.

[0047] Some examples of the methods, network entities, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting system broadcast information via signals, transmitting via low data rate control channels, or any combination thereof.

[0048] A method for wireless communication by a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; monitoring the transmission of a signal from a lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on receiving the capability message; and receiving the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna according to the capability message based on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0049] A UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled to the memories. The one or more processors may operate individually or jointly to execute code that causes the UE to: receive a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; monitor the transmission of a signal from the lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on receiving the capability message; and receive the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna according to the capability message based on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0050] Another UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include: components for receiving a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; components for monitoring the transmission of a signal from a lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on receiving the capability message; and components for receiving the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna according to the capability message based on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0051] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; monitor the transmission of a signal from the lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on receiving the capability message; and receive the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna according to the capability message based on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0052] In some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a signal from a network entity via a lens antenna such that the signal strength is within a signal strength range within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0053] In some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving the signal from a network entity via a lens antenna through a single antenna from a set of antennas at the UE.

[0054] In some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving capability messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving capability messages via broadcast messages, multicast messages, or unicast messages.

[0055] In some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving the signal from a network entity via a lens antenna via a broadcast message, multicast message, or unicast message.

[0056] In some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving capability messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving capability messages based on the UE being connected to a frequency different from that of the network entity.

[0057] Some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving system broadcast information via signals, transmitting via low data rate control channels, or any combination thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0059] Figure 3 An example of a lens antenna system diagram is shown that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0060] Figure 4 An example of a process flow supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0061] Figure 5A and Figure 5B An example of a wireless communication system supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0062] Figure 6An example of a lens antenna system diagram is shown that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0063] Figure 7 An example of a lens antenna structure supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0064] Figure 8 An example of a process flow supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0065] Figure 9 and Figure 10 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0066] Figure 11 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0067] Figure 12 A diagram of a system including a device for supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0068] Figure 13 and Figure 14 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0069] Figure 15 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0070] Figure 16 A diagram of a system including a device for supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0071] Figures 17 to 19 A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0072] Figure 20 and Figure 21 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0073] Figure 22A block diagram of a communication manager supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0074] Figure 23 A diagram of a system including a device for supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0075] Figure 24 and Figure 25 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0076] Figure 26 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0077] Figure 27 A diagram of a system including a device for supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0078] Figures 28 to 30 A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0079] Some advanced wireless communication systems operating using ultra-high frequency communications (such as 6th generation (6G) Asia-Pacific Hertz (sub-THz) communications) can achieve wide bandwidth and relatively high carrier frequencies to support high system throughput, low latency, high traffic density, and increased spectral energy compared to systems operating at relatively low frequencies. To compensate for the increased path loss due to the high carrier frequency, wireless devices can use narrow beams generated using various beamforming techniques to increase gain. For example, one technique employs the use of lens antennas to generate directional beams with high accuracy and efficiency across a range of beam directions (e.g., analog beam sweeping). In some cases, lens antennas can use an array of radiating elements behind a lens to generate a predefined beam grid, where the beam corresponds to an element of the array whose orientation is based on the focal point of the lens. However, in some implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna may be so narrow that even relatively small adjustments or movements of the receiver (such as user equipment (UE)) can cause power loss and reduced quality of service (QoS). Therefore, network entities operating with lens antennas can implement various techniques to allow for more continuous beam tracking as well as increased coverage and beam steering accuracy.

[0080] In some implementations, the lens antenna capability can be extended from discrete beam scanning to continuous (e.g., “analog”) beam scanning. More specifically, the UE can measure the received power of various discrete beams transmitted by a network entity, and the UE can transmit a measurement report to the network entity comprising a set of measurements for the discrete beams. Using the received measurements, the network entity can then calculate the line-of-sight angle of a new beam (e.g., the beam that maximizes the received power at the UE) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams and one or more optimization or refinement processes. The network entity can then temporarily add the new beam to the beamcodebook for the UE and can command the UE to begin using the new beam as the serving beam. The network entity can then generate a beam via more than one antenna element, which is simultaneously activated to form a beam in the direction of the UE and transmit the beam via the lens antenna. The UE can then continue to perform beam measurements on the beams (including the serving beam) of the beamcodebook and can transmit measurement reports to the network entity.

[0081] Network entities can use ongoing measurement reports from the UE to determine whether to retain or remove a new beam from the beam codebook. For example, a network entity can determine, based on beam measurements, that the quality or received power of the new beam has dropped below a threshold, or that the new beam has been used for a duration exceeding a threshold. The network entity can then remove the beam from the beam codebook and calculate a new optimal beam for the UE to use. For instance, the network entity can use beam measurements provided by the UE to perform an optimization process to find an optimized beam direction for transmitting the new optimal beam.

[0082] Furthermore, according to the techniques disclosed herein, a network entity can use a lens antenna to generate a wide beam, which can provide uniform and continuous coverage within a cell. For example, the network entity can generate beamforming weights and apply these weights to the lens antenna, causing the signal generated by the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna (e.g., one or more antenna elements) to converge at an object point at a distance relative to the lens (e.g., behind the lens). Thus, based on the parameters or characteristics of the lens antenna or the lens of the lens antenna, the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna can be used collectively to form a wide beam, which achieves a uniform signal distribution within the target coverage area of ​​the cell. To support such techniques, the network entity can notify the UE of the use of the wide beam via a capability message. For example, the network entity can send a capability message indicating the target coverage area of ​​the lens antenna, indicating areas where the UE is more likely to receive successful communication from the network entity. Upon receiving the capability message, the UE can monitor the message from the network entity without performing additional or complex beamforming measurements to receive the message (e.g., due to the relatively uniform signal distribution and signal strength throughout the target coverage area). Thus, because the UE does not need to perform beam measurements, the UE's power consumption can be reduced and the UE's power savings can be increased. Additionally, there may be a reduction in signaling overhead because the UE can avoid sending measurement reports for the beam generated by the lens antenna (e.g., since the beam generated by the lens antenna forms a wide beam).

[0083] The aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of wireless communication systems. These aspects are further illustrated and described by reference to wireless communication systems, lens antenna system diagrams, lens antenna structures, lens antenna assemblies, process flows, various apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas.

[0084] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0085] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0086] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices (such as, e.g., ...). Figure 1 It communicates with other UEs (115 or network entity 105) as shown.

[0087] As described herein, nodes of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as network nodes or wireless nodes) may be network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. Alternatively, a node may be network entity 105. Furthermore, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second or third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0088] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 can communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0089] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home node B, home evolution node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0090] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105, such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) 165, a Radio Unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near-real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0091] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 can connect to one or more DU 165 or RU 170, and one or more DU 165 or RU 170 can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0092] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0093] For example, the access network (AN) or RAN may include communication between an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connectivity between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining the signaling messages (e.g., the F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be a part of the backhaul link) and may communicate with other CU 160s (e.g., CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be a part of the backhaul link).

[0094] IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, radio self-backhaul capability). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node communicating with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the AN's relay chain or configuration, IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for parent IAB node 104 to signal to child IAB node 104 or UE 115.

[0095] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communication to child IAB nodes, or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to core network 130 (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) and may act as a parent node of IAB node 104. For example, the IAB donor's DU 165 may relay transmissions to UE 115 via IAB node 104, or may signal transmissions directly to UE 115, or both. The IAB donor's CU 160 may signal the establishment of a communication link to IAB node 104 via an F1 interface, and IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions via DU 165 (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to UE 115). That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node 104 via signaling through the NR Uu interface of the MT to IAB node 104. Communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.

[0096] In the context of applying the techniques described herein to a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to support techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0097] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0098] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, network entities 105, and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0099] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0100] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0101] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, of which It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0102] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0103] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0104] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. For example, one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 may monitor or search for control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include: a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set used to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0105] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0106] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0107] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0108] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which provides IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0109] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the area from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths in the lower frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0110] The wireless communication system 100 can also operate in the ultra-high frequency (SHF) region (also known as the centimeter band) in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or in the extremely high frequency (EHF) region (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as the millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can support millimeter-wave (mmW) communication between the UE 115 and network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices can be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, compared to SHF or UHF transmission, EHF transmission may experience even greater attenuation and a shorter range. The techniques disclosed herein can be adopted for transmission across one or more different frequency regions, and the frequency band usage specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory authority.

[0111] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating with unlicensed RF spectrum, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed bands may be combined with component carriers operating with licensed bands based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0112] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0113] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may be transmitted, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals may be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0114] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0115] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beamsweeping technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) for beamforming operations to facilitate directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by network entity 105 along different directions. For example, network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmission along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as network entity 105) or by a receiving device (such as UE 115)) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by network entity 105.

[0116] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with a receiving device (such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by network entity 105 in different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0117] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital pre-decoding or beamforming to generate combined beams for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating pre-decoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a set of beams configured across the system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) that may or may not be pre-decoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a pre-decoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel codebook, linear combination codebook, port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception), or to transmit signals in a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0118] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform reception operations according to multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing the received signal according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets); or processing the received signal according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array. Any of these operations may be referred to as “listening” according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when a data signal is received). A single receiver configuration can be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receiver configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0119] Some advanced wireless communication systems operating using ultra-high frequency communication (such as 6 GHz sub-THz communication) can experience increased path loss due to the high carrier frequency. To increase gain, wireless devices can use narrow beams generated using various beamforming techniques. For example, one technique employs a lens antenna (e.g., at network entity 105) to generate a directional narrow beam with high accuracy. The lens antenna can use an array of radiating elements behind a lens to generate a predefined beam grid, where the beam corresponds to an element of the array whose orientation can be determined based on the lens focus. However, in some implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna may be so narrow that even relatively small adjustments or movements of the receiving UE 115 can cause significant power loss and QoS degradation. Therefore, network entity 105 operating with a lens antenna can implement various techniques to allow for more continuous beam tracking and increased coverage.

[0120] UE 115 can measure the received power of various discrete beams transmitted by network entity 105, and UE 115 can transmit a measurement report to network entity 105, which includes a set of measurements for the discrete beams. Using the received measurements, network entity 105 can then calculate the line-of-sight angle of a new beam (e.g., the beam that maximizes the received power at UE 115) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams and one or more optimization processes. Network entity 105 can then temporarily add the new beam to the beam codebook for UE 115 and can command UE 115 to begin using the new beam as the serving beam. UE 115 can then continue performing beam measurements on the beams (including the serving beam) in the beam codebook and can transmit measurement reports to network entity 105.

[0121] Network entity 105 can use ongoing measurement reports from UE 115 to determine whether to retain the new beam or remove it from the beam codebook. For example, network entity 105 can determine, based on beam measurements, that the quality or received power of the new beam has dropped below a threshold, or that the new beam has been used for a duration exceeding a threshold. Network entity 105 can then remove the beam from the beam codebook and calculate a new optimal beam for UE 115 to use.

[0122] In some other examples of the wireless communication system 100, network entity 105 may use a wide beam via a lens antenna to provide nearly uniform and continuous coverage within the coverage area 110 of the cell. For example, network entity 105 may generate beamforming weights and apply these weights to the lens antenna, such that the signal generated by the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna converges at the target point behind the lens. Thus, based on the parameters or characteristics of the lens antenna, the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna can be used collectively to form a wide beam or broad beam, allowing for a more uniform signal distribution within the target coverage area 110 of the cell compared to transmission without using the lens antenna. To support this configuration, network entity 105 may notify UE 115 of the use of the wide beam via a capability message. For example, network entity 105 may send a capability message to UE 115, and the capability message may indicate the target coverage area 110 for lens antenna communication (e.g., where UE 115 can receive transmissions from network entity 105). Upon receiving the capability message, UE 115 can monitor messages from network entity 105, and since the signal distribution and signal strength are approximately uniform throughout the target coverage area 110, UE 115 does not need to perform any kind of beam measurement. Thus, since UE 115 does not need to perform beam measurement, its power consumption can be reduced and its power savings can be increased. Additionally, there may be a reduction in signaling overhead because UE 115 can avoid sending measurement reports for the beams generated by the lens antenna, which are being used by the lens antenna to form a single wide beam.

[0123] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may support communication between network entities 105-a and UE 115-a, each of which may be a reference... Figure 1 Examples of the corresponding devices described. In some specific implementations, network entity 105-a may support lens antennas for efficient and accurate beamforming.

[0124] Wireless communication system 200 can support communication using high carrier frequencies and relatively wide system bandwidths (e.g., sub-THz systems). Each of these high carrier frequencies and relatively wide system bandwidths can correspondingly support high system throughput, low latency, high traffic density, increased spectral energy, and relatively high gain compared to systems operating at relatively low frequencies. However, to compensate for the increased path loss due to high carrier frequencies (e.g., frequencies exceeding 140 GHz), antenna radiation can be relatively narrow, resulting in narrow beams to support high-gain communication. The use of such narrow beams in high-frequency systems reduces interference between users due to the high spatial separation between the narrow beams. However, in some cases, to prevent "dead spots" or areas lacking coverage, the device can use a fine grid or antenna array to generate narrow beams, which can radiate with relatively low power loss in each angular spatial location of UE 115-a.

[0125] To support efficient beamforming in high-frequency systems (e.g., sub-THz systems), devices can implement power-efficient lens antennas (e.g., lens antenna arrays, integrated lens antennas) to replace or complement phased antenna arrays. For example, dielectric lens antennas (such as lens antenna 205) can generate multi-beam radiation patterns over a wide-angle region. Compared to phased arrays, lens antenna 205 avoids using multiple RF chains (e.g., via phase shifters, power amplifiers (PAs), or low-noise amplifiers (LNAs)) for each antenna element, reducing excessive power consumption. Instead, lens antenna 205 can use a predefined beam grid formed by placing an array of radiating elements behind a lens. Each such radiating element can then generate a beam in a specific direction and can be turned on and off by a beam manager.

[0126] However, in some implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna 205 may be so narrow (e.g., with a beamwidth of 2-4 degrees) that even relatively small adjustments (e.g., + / - 2 degrees) or movements of the receiver from the line of sight (e.g., the 0-degree center) can cause significant power loss (e.g., up to 6 dB in the received SNR). Therefore, devices such as network entity 105-a can implement a variety of different techniques to allow for more continuous or similar beam tracking and scanning using the lens antenna 205. For example, one technique could implement hybrid analog-digital manipulation to support continuous beam scanning instead of scanning using a discontinuous (e.g., discrete) quantization grid of radiation angles.

[0127] In such technologies, the lens antenna capability can be extended from discrete beam scanning to continuous (e.g., “analog”) beam scanning. For example, UE 115-a can measure the received power of various discrete beams transmitted from network entity 105-a and can send a measurement report to network entity 105-a, which includes a set of various beam measurements corresponding to the discrete beams. Network entity 105-a can then calculate the line-of-sight angle of a new beam 210 (e.g., the “optimal” beam or the beam that will maximize the received power at UE 115-a) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams. Network entity 105-a can then temporarily add the new beam 210 to the beamcodebook for UE 115-a and can send a command to UE 115-a to begin monitoring the new beam 210. Network entity 105-a can then remove the new beam 210 during beam management decisions used to switch UE 115-a to a different beam. For example, network entity 105-a may continue to collect beam measurements from UE 115-a, including measurements for the new beam 210, and may remove the new beam 210 once the new beam 210 has received power that has dropped below a threshold, or once the new beam has been used for a duration exceeding a threshold.

[0128] Network entity 105-a can use beam measurements provided by UE 115-a to perform an optimization process to find a new or optimized beam direction to transmit a new beam 210. For example, network entity 105-a can use one or more beam prediction artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning models, one or more interpolation models (e.g., parabolic interpolation or any other higher-order interpolation of receiver beam power), or a combination thereof to calculate the line-of-sight angle of the new beam 210. Network entity 105-a can then generate a beam via at least two antenna elements, which are simultaneously activated to form a beam in the direction of UE 115-a. UE 115-a and network entity 105-a can repeat the beam optimization and beam measurement process for the new beam direction, and can add various different optimized beams and remove various different optimized beams from the beam codebook based on UE measurement reports.

[0129] To form a new beam 210 in the direction of UE 115-a using continuous beam scanning technology, network entity 105-a can transmit multiple beams by combining the gain and phase of multiple beams to generate an equivalent new beam with a peak in the direction of UE 115-a. For example, network entity 105-a can activate multiple (e.g., more than one) antenna elements and route the input signal to multiple antenna elements to generate the new beam 210. This beam combination can reduce the losses experienced when using a phased antenna array.

[0130] Additionally or alternatively, continuous beam scanning technology can improve signal quality during times when UE 115-a is located at an angle corresponding to the edge of the beamwidth or during times when UE mobility (e.g., movement of UE 115-a) affects signal quality. For example, in the case of using discrete beams, even relatively small movement of UE 115-a can reduce SNR by up to 3dB-6dB because UE 115-a's movement may be away from the center of the beamwidth. For example, in the case where the beamwidth is ±2 degrees and the link distance is 200m, movement of UE 115-a + / -7m may result in a 3dB-6dB SNR drop, which may degrade the QoS of UE 115-a. This QoS degradation can be avoided by employing the continuous beam scanning technology described herein, which uses a combination of gain and phase to transmit beams, because UE 115-a may be located at or near the beamcenter when new beams are generated, added to the codebook, and used for communication. Alternatively, the sidelobes of the new beam can be reduced relative to the discrete beam, which can reduce interference to adjacent or neighboring beams serving other UEs simultaneously.

[0131] Figure 3 Figure 300 illustrates an example of a lens antenna system supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. For example, lens antenna 305 may be implemented at or by a network entity 105 as described herein, which may communicate with UE 115-b, which may be an example of UE 115 as described herein.

[0132] The lens antenna 305 can be represented by the lens antenna system diagram 300. The lens antenna 305 may include one or more antenna elements 310, each of which may radiate in different beam directions (e.g., beam direction 315-a and beam direction 315-b). Connected to the lens antenna (e.g., in...) Figure 2 The RF back-end 320 (located behind the lens antenna) can route input signals to one or more antenna elements 310 via one or more components (e.g., circuitry, mixers, beamweighting functions). Once the input signal is routed to one or more antenna elements 310, it can be radiated in the corresponding beam direction. In some implementations, the routing switch capability can be extended to route input signals (e.g., simultaneously) to one or more antenna elements 310, which can improve beamforming efficiency and also increase the relative number of directions in which the beam can be radiated from the lens antenna 305. Additionally or alternatively, the transmit power of the power actuators associated with the activated one or more antenna elements 310 can be controlled digitally by the beam management unit (e.g., rather than relative to a fixed power P).

[0133] The lens antenna 305 can support the simultaneous activation of more than one antenna element to form a beam in the direction of the UE. For example, two antenna elements can be activated simultaneously to form a beam. In such an example, the input signal can be fed to a routing switch that acts as a one-to-many splitter, allowing the routing switch to split the signal into two or more channels to feed the signal to two or more antenna elements. Additionally, two associated active power actuators can support the use of different corresponding powers (e.g., P1, P2 up to P...). n The branched signals are transmitted such that P1 + P2 equals the total power P. In this case, the total power of the branched signals can meet the equivalent isotopic radiated power (EIRP) constraint of the newly formed beam 325.

[0134] In some examples, the UE 115-b may be positioned outside the line of sight of the integrated lens antenna (e.g., the UE 115-b may be positioned outside the point of maximum beamforming gain), which can lead to link budget loss and reduced QoS. For example, if the beam grid is designed with many antenna elements such that the beams overlap at -3dB, the link budget loss can be as high as 3dB. In other examples, if the beam grid is designed with fewer antenna elements, the beams may overlap at lower radiation levels (e.g., -6dB), which can lead to link budget loss of up to 6dB. For example, the UE 115-b may be positioned across multiple beams ( U n ( θ The location between the line of sight of UE 115-b and the position of the line of sight of UE 115-b can cause UE 115-b to experience reduced QoS. In such cases, different techniques can be used with the lens antenna to generate new beams at any angle to more accurately orient the line of sight to the position of UE 115-b.

[0135] To generate a new beam with a line of sight targeting UE 115-b (in some examples, this new beam is not aligned with the beam generated by a discrete grid), the lens antenna 305 may activate one or more antenna elements 310, each of which has an applied weight. By applying corresponding weights to the antenna elements, the sidelobes of each beam contribute to the total accumulated energy of the newly formed beam 325. The gain and phase coefficients can be applied in the RF domain by reducing the power actuator power (e.g., gain) and using a phase shifter (e.g., phase). Then, by... n The signal generated by the synthesis of individual beams It can be represented as:

[0136] in It is the input signal. It is the total power of the signal. It is the corresponding beam weight, and It is the first i Beam at angle The radiation pattern below, in which The radiation pattern observed by UE 115-b is as follows. The angle of the side lobes. Combining a larger number of beams (e.g., higher). n This can increase the link budget (e.g., increase the fractional dB), and network entities can determine the number of beams to use. For example, relatively high... n It can increase directional accuracy, but it can also increase power consumption due to the increased number of antenna elements.

[0137] To increase the total signal energy when coherently summing the different beam paths to UE 115-b, network entities can, for example, use the following to optimize or maximize the signal energy:

[0138] Then, in order to find the coefficients corresponding to the optimized signal energy The set of network entities can implement the gradient descent algorithm (e.g., the steepest gradient descent algorithm), which can be given as:

[0139] in l This represents the steepest gradient descent iteration and can be applied to... The constraints ensure that the total transmission power is preserved, and that EIRP is also preserved.

[0140] In determining the coefficients Then, the network entity can calculate the gradient used to update the beam coefficients. The network entity can calculate the gradient as follows:

[0141] Then, the calculated gradient can update the rule as follows:

[0142] Then, a normalization step is performed on the beam weights:

[0143] Use in weighted n A simple guess at uniform beam weights in each beam, where for each i =1- n , Then the maximum value on the contour line can be equal to... Once the network entity determines the optimal or maximum beam weighting coefficients for the new beam, it can transmit the new beam in the direction of UE 115-b. In some examples, the optimized beam weighting coefficients used for the optimized beam may have reduced sidelobes, which reduces beam interference to other UEs served by adjacent beams.

[0144] Figure 4 An example of a process flow 400 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Process flow 400 illustrates a process for optimizing or refining the serving beam direction using a lens antenna array at network entity 105-b, which may be an example of network entity 105 described herein. Network entity 105-b may communicate with UE 115-c, which may be an example of UE 115 described herein.

[0145] In the following description of process flow 400, these operations may be performed in a different order than those shown, or other operations may be added to or removed from process flow 400. For example, some operations may be omitted from process flow 400, some operations may be performed in a different order or at different times, or other operations may be added to process flow 400. Although network entities 105-b and UE 115-c are shown as performing operations of process flow 400, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices or network devices.

[0146] At 405, network entity 105-b may transmit SSBs via different beams transmitted in different directions. An SSB may be part of a set of SSBs corresponding to different beams included in the beam codebook.

[0147] At 410, UE 115-c can perform various beam measurements on the SSB and can transmit a measurement report to network entity 105-b, which may include the measured power for each beam.

[0148] At 415, network entity 105-b can calculate a new beam direction (e.g., an optimized beam with a line of sight pointing towards UE 115-c) based on a weighted sum of existing beams. For example, network entity 105-b can calculate a weighted sum of beam weights corresponding to the beams transmitted in 405, and the new beam direction can be based on the calculated weighted sum.

[0149] At 420, network entity 105-b may add a new beam as a temporary beam to the beam codebook associated with UE 115-c. Network entity 105-b may assign a beam index (e.g., INDX) to the new beam, which can be used to identify the new beam. The beam index may be associated with the first serving beam, and the beam index may be different from the set of beam indices used for other beams in the beam codebook.

[0150] At 425, network entity 105-b may send a message to UE 115-c instructing UE 115-c to begin receiving communications via a new INDX beam as the serving beam. In some examples, this message may be a first serving beam indication that includes instructions for monitoring the INDX beam as the serving beam for each of the other beams in the beamcodebook.

[0151] In some examples, network entity 105-b may generate a new serving beam by routing the input signal to at least two antenna elements of the lens antenna and then transmitting the serving beam in a direction based on a beam measurement report. In such examples, the input signal may be split into two input signals with different corresponding input powers and different corresponding beam weights at each antenna element.

[0152] In some examples, network entity 105-b may use one or more beam coefficients, the input signal at the network entity, the radiation pattern of each beam in the beambook, the angle of one or more sidelobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof, to generate a new service beam. In some examples, network entity 105-b may further apply a selection algorithm (e.g., gradient descent) to the beam weight coefficients included in a first set of beam measurements to determine an optimized set of beam weight measurements for the new service beam. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 105-b may also be able to implement one or more machine learning models, parabolic interpolation models, higher-order interpolation models, one or more optimization processes, or any combination thereof, to determine the orientation of the new service beam.

[0153] At 430, UE 115-c can receive data via the new INDX beam and can continue to measure the SSB of beam power on other beams, including the serving beam and the beam codebook.

[0154] At 435, UE 115-c can report the measured power for each beam (including new beam INDX and other beams included in the beam codebook) (e.g., in the second measurement report).

[0155] At 440, if the calculations performed by network entity 105-b indicate that the newly added beam INDX has a QoS below a threshold (e.g., the INDX beam has been used for a period exceeding the threshold, or the new beam INDX has been unused for a period exceeding the threshold, or if the measured power of the new beam INDX is below the threshold), then network entity 105-b may remove the INDX beam from the beam codebook. In some examples, network entity 105-b may repeat the beam optimization process to identify new serving beams to be added to the codebook.

[0156] In some examples, network entity 105-b may use measurements included in the second measurement report to calculate the direction of the second new beam. For example, network entity 105-b may use a weighted sum of beam measurements provided in the second measurement report to calculate the direction of the second new beam.

[0157] Figure 5A Examples of a wireless communication system 500 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown. In some examples, the wireless communication system 500 may implement, or be implemented by, the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 500 may support communication between network entities 105-c and UE 115-d, each of which may be a reference Figure 1 Examples of the corresponding devices described. In some specific implementations, network entity 105-c may support a lens antenna 505 for efficient and accurate beamforming.

[0158] Wireless communication system 500 can support communication using high carrier frequencies and relatively wide system bandwidths (e.g., sub-THz systems). Each of these high carrier frequencies and relatively wide system bandwidths can correspondingly support high system throughput, low latency, high traffic density, increased spectral energy, and relatively high gain compared to systems operating at relatively low frequencies. However, to compensate for the increased path loss due to high carrier frequencies (e.g., frequencies exceeding 140 GHz), antenna radiation can be relatively narrow, resulting in narrow beams to support high-gain communication. The use of such narrow beams in high-frequency systems reduces interference between users due to the high spatial separation between them. However, in some cases, to prevent "dead spots" or areas lacking coverage (e.g., areas with received signal strength below a threshold), the device can use a fine grid or antenna array to generate narrow beams, which can radiate with relatively low power loss in each angular spatial location of UE 115-a.

[0159] To support efficient beamforming in high-frequency systems (e.g., sub-THz systems), devices can implement power-efficient lens antennas (e.g., lens antenna arrays, integrated lens antennas) to replace or complement phased antenna arrays. For example, dielectric lens antennas (such as lens antenna 505) can generate multi-beam radiation patterns over a wide-angle region. Compared to phased arrays, lens antenna 505 avoids using multiple RF chains (e.g., via phase shifters, power amplifiers (PAs), or low-noise amplifiers (LNAs)) for each antenna element, reducing excessive power consumption. Instead, lens antenna 505 can use a predefined beam grid formed by placing an array of radiating elements behind a lens. Each such radiating element can then generate a beam in a specific direction and can be turned on and off by a beam manager.

[0160] However, in some specific implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna 505 may be so narrow (e.g., with a beamwidth of 2-4 degrees) that even relatively small adjustments (e.g., + / - 2 degrees) or movements of the receiver (e.g., a device configured to receive transmissions from the lens antenna 505) from the line of sight (e.g., the 0-degree center) can cause power loss (e.g., up to 6 dB in received SNR). Therefore, devices such as network entity 105-a may implement one or more techniques to provide more continuous or similar beam tracking and scanning using the lens antenna 505. For example, one technique may provide relatively uniform and continuous coverage in an open-loop manner while avoiding receiving any feedback from the receiver device (e.g., UE 115-d). Such techniques may be useful for system broadcasts and other low data rate control channels. Furthermore, the techniques of this disclosure described herein can utilize the lens antenna 505 and multiple antenna elements placed behind the lens of the lens antenna 505, as well as Fourier optics, for beamforming.

[0161] Thus, the technology of this disclosure extends the ability of network entity 105-c to use lens antenna 505 from discrete beam scanning to coverage areas across cells (e.g., as referenced). Figure 1 The described coverage area 110) provides relatively uniform coverage. That is, network entity 105-c can use lens antenna 505 to form a wide beam or broad beam, rather than multiple narrow beams with coverage holes. To form a wide beam, network entity 105-a can use Fourier optics to calculate associated beamforming weights. Fourier optics can be the study of optics (e.g., the behavior and properties of light) using Fourier transforms (e.g., Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)), where waveforms can be composed of combinations of plane waves. Thus, beamforming weight calculation can be an application of Fourier optics that can have an image optical interpretation. See also... Figure 5BFurther description of the network entity 105-a using a wide-beam or broad-beam network of beams 510 via lens antenna 505.

[0162] Figure 5B Examples of wireless communication systems 501 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated. In some examples, wireless communication system 501 may implement wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 500, or be implemented by these wireless communication systems. For example, wireless communication system 501 may support communication between network entity 105-d and UE 115-e, each of which may be a reference Figure 1 Examples of the corresponding devices described. In some specific implementations, network entity 105-d may support a lens antenna 515 for efficient and accurate beamforming.

[0163] In some examples of the wireless communication system 501, network entity 105-b may employ a lens antenna 515 to communicate with network entity 105-d via a wide beam or broad beam 520. The lens antenna 515 may include, as referenced... Figure 5A The described set of antenna elements can be located on the focal plane of the lens. Each antenna element can then use a beam to transmit a signal, causing the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna 515 to form a converging spherical beam 520. The beam from the set of antenna elements can be converged at a real image point (e.g., a convergence location) or object for use in the next imaging process. Furthermore, the beam 520 can originate from an origin or starting point location behind the focal plane. That is, based on the characteristics of the lens antenna 515, the lens antenna 515 can effectively form a single wide or broad beam originating from a point or location behind the focal plane of the lens by collectively using the beam transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna 515. For example, based on the characteristics of the lens antenna 515, the waveform of the signal transmitted via the beam of the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna 515 can be refracted by the lens.

[0164] In some examples, the assembly of antenna elements of the lens antenna 515 is formed as shown in the reference. Figure 5A The described set of narrow beams. However, the uncertainty principle can specify a lower limit to the width of the signal spread in the transmitting plane and the width of the signal spread in the receiving plane. Thus, according to the technology of this disclosure, both wide transmit signal spread and wide receive signal spread can be used. For example, as referenced Figure 6 As described, two imaging methods can be used to form a wide beam or a broad beam 520.

[0165] Figure 6Examples of lens antenna system diagram 600 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown. In some examples, lens antenna system diagram 600 may implement, or be implemented by, wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 500, or wireless communication system 501. For example, lens antenna system diagram 600 may describe reference to Figure 5A and Figure 5B The lens antenna 605 is described in terms of its features and properties. Furthermore, the lens antenna may be implemented at or by a network entity 105-e as described herein, which may communicate with a UE 115 as described herein.

[0166] The lens antenna 605 can be represented by a lens antenna system diagram 600. The lens antenna may include one or more antenna elements 310 (e.g., antenna element 610-a, antenna element 610-b, and antenna element 610-c) on the focal plane 615 of the lens antenna 605, each of which may radiate via a different beam 625 (e.g., beam 625-a, beam 625-b, and beam 625-c). Connected to the lens antenna (e.g., located at a reference...) Figure 5A and Figure 5B The radio frequency back-end (behind the described lens antenna 605) can route input signals to one or more antenna elements 610 via one or more components (e.g., circuitry, mixers, beamweighting functions). Once the input signal is routed to one or more antenna elements 610, it can be radiated via the corresponding beam 625. In some implementations, network entity 105-c can expand routing switch capabilities to route input signals (e.g., simultaneously) to one or more antenna elements 610, which can improve beamforming efficiency and also increase the relative number of directions in which beams can be radiated from the lens antenna 605 (e.g., the number of beams 625). Additionally or alternatively, the transmit power of the power actuators associated with the activated one or more antenna elements 610 can be controlled digitally by the beam management unit (e.g., rather than relative to a fixed power P).

[0167] In some examples, the lens antenna 605 can support the simultaneous activation of antenna elements 610-a, 610-b, and 610-c to collectively form a beam for covering a target coverage area of ​​the cell. For example, antenna elements 610 can be used collectively to transmit a wide beam based on characteristics of the lens antenna 605 (e.g., the characteristics of lens 620 of the lens antenna 605). In such examples, network entity 105-c can feed the input signal to a routing switch that acts as a one-to-many splitter, splitting the signal into two or more channels to feed the signal to two or more antenna elements 610. Additionally, two associated active power actuators can support the use of different corresponding powers (e.g., P1, P2, up to P...). n ( ) to send branch signals so that P1+P2 equals the total power P.

[0168] In some cases, network entity 105-e can transmit system information and other control information via multiple beams through antenna element 610 using time-domain beam scanning. However, according to the technology of this disclosure, network entity 105-e can scalable routing switch capabilities to route input signals to multiple antenna elements 610 instead of a single antenna element 610. Thus, network entity 105-e can use multiple antenna elements 610 to transmit the same signal. To provide such a technology, network entity 105-c can generate a set of beamforming weights (e.g., This causes the beam 625 from antenna element 610 to form a converging spherical wave, which converges to the real image point or object 630 for use in the next imaging process.

[0169] In some examples, for a particular antenna element 610, if the position of antenna element 610 on the focal plane 615 has coordinates (x, y, 0), where the z-axis is along the optical axis of the lens system, then the expected convergence location or point (e.g., the position of object 630) can be at coordinates (x', y', z'). Furthermore, Equation 1 can be used to determine the beamforming weights, where the approximation is based on the paraxial assumption: .

[0170]

[0171] In some cases, object 630 can be closer to lens 620 than to focal plane 615. Lens 620 can also form a virtual image 635 of object 630. Virtual image 635 can be further away from lens 620 than object 630, and virtual image 635 can be in front of or behind focal plane 615. The formation of virtual image 635 can be based on geometrical optics. Geometrical optics is a branch of optics in which light can be described by rays. Furthermore, the beam transmitted by antenna element 610 can be reflected away from lens 620 based on the refractive properties of lens 620 and geometrical optics. In some cases, the radiation pattern of beam 625 behind lens 620 can be approximated as a diverging spherical wave from virtual image 635. Thus, the signal strength can be approximately constant across the set of azimuth angles. That is, the signal strength from beams 625-a, 625-b, and 625-c can be within a signal strength range such that the signal strength along each beam direction can be relatively equal.

[0172] In some examples, network entity 105-e can use Fourier optics to analyze the signal distribution. For example, network entity 105-e can use a paraxial approximation that assumes the antenna element 610 is close to the optical axis of lens 620. Thus, a first image can be formed, and object 630 can be formed using beamforming weights. The signal distribution generated based on the first image can be a convolution of the input signal and an aperture function. In some cases, the aperture function can be used at the input plane and can include the size of the antenna array. Thus, network entity 105-e can use a Singer function (e.g., a Fourier transform of an unscaled rectangular function) based on either a rectangular aperture of a rectangular array (e.g., a rectangular array of antenna elements 610) or a circular aperture of a circular array (e.g., a circular array of antenna elements 610), respectively. The signal distribution can be approximated using an antenna array or a Bessel function. However, given the finite number of antenna elements 610, some fluctuations may exist around the approximation of the signal distribution. Additionally, the signal distribution may be based on a second imaging or shaping of the virtual image 635. For example, the object 630 may be the signal distribution in the image plane of the first imaging, and the signal distribution behind the lens 620 may be a distribution extended by the lens 620, which may be of a finite size. In general, the signal distribution behind the lens 620 in the angular domain may be nearly uniform (e.g., constant), but may experience some fluctuations due to the extension caused by the finite size of the antenna array (e.g., the number of antenna elements 610) and the finite size of the lens 620. Thus, the larger the antenna size (e.g., the more antenna elements 610) and the larger the size of the lens 620, the narrower any fluctuations in the signal distribution may be.

[0173] Alternatively or additionally, if the desired coverage area is further away from lens 620, a first image can be formed behind the lens. That is, network entity 105-c can generate a set of beamforming weights such that the convergence point is behind lens 620. Thus, network entity 105-e can take into account the refractive characteristics of lens 620 when generating the set of beamforming weights, so beam 625 converges at the convergence point (e.g., the first image or object 630). Furthermore, bringing the second image closer to lens 620 allows the beams to collectively cover a wide-angle area at a distance from lens 620, and the second image can also be a real image or object 630 within the focal length of lens 620.

[0174] Furthermore, the techniques described herein can be open-loop transmission schemes independent of any feedback from UE 115. Traditionally, UE 115 can measure each beam generated from antenna element 610, and UE 115 can send beam measurement reports to network entity 105-e. However, as referenced herein... Figure 5B As described, network entity 105-c can utilize lens antenna 605 to enable the use of a single wide beam. Therefore, network entity 105-e can avoid requesting any feedback from UE 115 because the signal measurement of the beam generated by antenna element 610 across the target coverage area of ​​the cell can be relatively constant. Thus, the techniques of this disclosure can be used for system broadcasts or other low data rate control channel transmissions. In some examples, network entity 105-c can apply such techniques to first system information broadcasts, as this message can carry some of the most important parameters while still maintaining a relatively low data rate.

[0175] Network entity 105-e enables the technology of this disclosure to ensure that UE 115 within the cell receives system information from network entity 105-e. Additionally, since the two imaging processes generate nearly uniform coverage and sub-THz systems can be directly detected by UE 115 without the assistance of a lower frequency carrier, network entity 105-c can ensure that UE 115 within the target coverage area can receive signals transmitted by lens antenna 605. Furthermore, since the signal can be widely spread in the angular domain, UE 115 can detect the signal anywhere within the cell without the delay associated with beam sweeping and without the loss due to uneven coverage in beam sweeping. Additionally or alternatively, after UE 115 receives or acquires open-loop system information transmission, UE 115 can use the same beamforming process for the random access procedure. Thus, if UE 115 has a lens antenna 605, UE 115 can use the lens antenna 605 to send a random access preamble, and network entity 105-c can receive beamforming following the dual-image method described herein, which can reduce the latency of the random access procedure.

[0176] In some cases, to ensure that UE 115 receives signals from lens antenna 605, network entity 105-e may send a capability message (e.g., via broadcast, multicast, or unicast) to UE 115 within the cell, configuring wide-beam transmission. This simplifies beamforming at UE 115. For example, UE 115 may receive signals from network entity 105-e using a single antenna, UE 115 may use multi-antenna diversity reception, and wide-beam beamforming can reduce any search latency, or any combination thereof. In some examples, network entity 105-e may also send capability messages to UE 115 when UE 115 may already be connected to a different frequency and UE 115 may be preparing for a connection in the sub-THz band.

[0177] Furthermore, in some examples, the position of object 630 and the position of virtual image 635 can be determined based on the characteristics of lens antenna 605. Additionally, beamforming weights and the effects from lens 620 (e.g., a finite lens) and antenna element 610 (e.g., a discrete antenna element 610) can also be based on the characteristics of lens antenna 605. Such characteristics of lens antennas can be found elsewhere in this document (including references). Figure 4 )describe.

[0178] Figure 7 Examples of lens antenna structures 700 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown. In some examples, the lens antenna structure 700 may implement, or be implemented by, wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 500, or wireless communication system 501. For example, the lens antenna structure 700 may be described with reference to... Figure 5A – Figure 6 The lens antenna is described in terms of its features and properties. Furthermore, the lens antenna may be implemented at or by network entity 105 as described herein, which may communicate with UE 115 as described herein. Additionally, signal transmission from the lens antenna to UE 115 may be based on the location of virtual image 705 and the location of object 735, which may be references. Figure 3 Examples of the described virtual image 635 and object 630.

[0179] In some examples, network entity 105 may initially select the location of the virtual image 705 of the lens antenna based on the desired coverage area. In some cases, the virtual image 705 may also be referred to as the starting location, because signals transmitted by the lens antenna may appear to UE 115 as originating from the location of the virtual image 705. The positioning of the virtual image 705 may be based on the distance 710 from the virtual image 705 to the center of the lens 715 of the lens antenna. VThis distance can be based on the tangent at the signal transmission angle 720 θ and the radius 725 of the lens 715. R The negative product (e.g., ), where the negative sign indicates virtual image 705. Based on distance 710, the distance 730 from the position of object 735 to the center of lens 715 is... U This allows the lens formula to be satisfied. . F An example of a focal length could be the distance 740 between the center of lens 715 and the focal plane 745 of the lens antenna. F In some cases, the distance 710 between the center of lens 715 and the virtual image 705 can be greater than zero (e.g., Then, the distance 730 between the center of lens 715 and object 735 can be greater than zero and less than the absolute value of distance 710 (e.g., In other words, object 735 can be closer to lens 715 (e.g., as is the case with a magnifying glass). Furthermore, since distance 730 can be less than focal distance 740 (e.g., Therefore, object 735 is within the focal length of the lens antenna.

[0180] Once network entity 105 determines the positions of virtual image 705 and object 735, it can determine beamforming weights for the antenna elements of the lens antenna, such that the beam from the antenna elements converges at object 735 (e.g., the convergence location). In some examples, network entity 105 may calculate the beamforming weights for the antenna elements at focal plane 745 based on the converging spherical wave directed toward object 735. Furthermore, the beamforming weights may be based on a radius 750 from the center of focal plane 745 to object 735. r (For example, a radius of 750 may be for an array of antenna elements, which may be rectangular, circular, multi-circular, or any other type of array shape.) Thus, the beamforming weights may be determined based on the following Formula 2, where network entity 105 may assume the same amplitude for each antenna element.

[0181]

[0182] In some cases, the set of beamforming weights may be within the beamforming vector, and network entity 105 may generate the set of beamforming weights and avoid notifying UE 115 of the set of beamforming weights. In other cases, network entity 105 may send the set of beamforming weights to UE 115 via a first system information broadcast to assist UE 115 in decoding signals from the lens antenna. For example, network entity 105 may apply the set of beamforming weights to the phase of the signal, the amplitude of the signal, or both, and UE 115 may be able to decode the signal more efficiently with knowledge of the set of beamforming weights. Additionally or alternatively, while network entity 105 may apply the set of beamforming weights to the antenna elements of the lens antenna to ensure nearly uniform signal coverage within a desired angular coverage area, cell planning may also be performed by network entity 105 to further ensure nearly uniform signal coverage. Thus, network entity 105 may use the lens antenna structure 700 to assist in the use of antenna elements to collectively form a wide beam, as described in the technology of this disclosure. Further descriptions of the technology of this disclosure may be found elsewhere herein (including references). Figure 8 )describe.

[0183] Figure 8 Examples of process flow 800 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown. In some examples, process flow 800 may implement, or be implemented by, wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 500, or wireless communication system 501. For example, process flow 800 may include UE 115-f and network entity 105-f, which may be referenced herein. Figure 1 An example of the device described.

[0184] In the following description of process flow 800, the operations between UE 115-f and network entity 105-f may be performed in different order or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 800, or other operations may be added. Although UE 115-f and network entity 105-f are shown as performing the operations of process flow 800, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.

[0185] At 805, network entity 105-f can generate a set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna associated with network entity 105-f. Network entity 105-f can generate the set of beamforming weights based on the convergence location corresponding to the target coverage area of ​​the cell supported by network entity 105-f. Furthermore, the convergence location can be based on the target coverage area and one or more parameters of the lens antenna. In some examples, network entity 105-f can generate the set of beamforming weights based on the focal length of the lens antenna and the radius between the center of the focal plane of the lens antenna and the convergence location. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 105-f can generate the set of beamforming weights independently of feedback from UE 115-f.

[0186] At 810, UE 115-f can receive a capability message from network entity 105-f indicating that network entity 105-f is capable of transmitting signals via the lens antenna. Network entity 105-f can transmit signals within the target coverage area of ​​the cell supported by network entity 105-d. In some cases, network entity 105-f can send the capability message to UE 115-f via broadcast, multicast, or unicast messages. Thus, at 815, UE 115-f can monitor signal transmission from the lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on the capability message received from network entity 105-d. Furthermore, in some cases, UE 115-f can receive the capability message from network entity 105-f based on the UE being connected to a different frequency than network entity 105-f.

[0187] At 820, network entity 105-f can transmit a signal to UE 115-f via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to a set of beamforming weights used for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell. In some examples, network entity 105-d can transmit a signal to UE 115-f via a set of antenna elements across a set of azimuth angles associated with the target coverage area. Network entity 105-f can transmit a signal across the set of azimuth angles, such that, based on the spatial distribution of the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, the corresponding signal strength of the signal for each azimuth angle in the set of azimuth angles is within the signal strength range.

[0188] In some cases, network entity 105-f may transmit a signal via an array of antenna elements positioned along a focal plane associated with the lens of the lens antenna, such that the observed starting position of the signal (e.g., observed at UE 115-f) may differ from the position of the focal plane. In other cases, network entity 105-f may transmit a signal via an array of antenna elements such that waveforms from the array of antenna elements converge at a convergence location. The convergence location may be based on the transmission angle of the signal and the radius of the lens of the lens antenna. Furthermore, a first distance between the convergence location and the center of the lens of the lens antenna may be based on the focal length of the lens, which may be based on a second distance between the center of the lens and the focal plane of the lens. In yet another case, network entity 105-f may transmit a signal via the array of antenna elements of the lens antenna based on one or more input signals for the array of antenna elements of the lens antenna and an aperture function associated with one or more parameters of the lens antenna. In some examples, the aperture function of the lens antenna may be a Singer function or a Bessel function based on the shape of the array of antenna elements of the lens antenna.

[0189] Additionally or alternatively, network entity 105-f may transmit signals via an array of antenna elements of the lens antenna using a set of beamforming weights applied to the phase, amplitude, or both of the signal. Furthermore, network entity 105-f may transmit signals via the lens antenna via broadcast, multicast, or unicast messages. Thus, UE 115-f may receive signals from network entity 105-f via the lens antenna based on capability messages and on signals monitored at 815 within the target coverage area of ​​the cell. In some examples, UE 115-f may also receive signals from network entity 105-f via the lens antenna using a single antenna from the array of antennas at UE 115-f.

[0190] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 of an apparatus 905 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 905 may be an example of aspects of network entity 105 as described herein. Apparatus 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communication manager 920. Apparatus 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other, for example, via one or more buses.

[0191] Receiver 910 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 905. In some examples, receiver 910 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 910 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0192] Transmitter 915 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 905. For example, transmitter 915 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 915 and receiver 910 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0193] The communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0194] In some examples, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include processors, DSPs, CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, the processor and memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in memory by the processor).

[0195] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., implemented as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0196] In some examples, the communication manager 920 may be configured to use a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, transmit information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0197] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beambook. The communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beambook based on the set of synchronization signals. The communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each of the sets of multiple beams transmitting the set of synchronization signals, different from the beambook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam. The communication manager 920 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0198] By including or configuring a communication manager 920 according to examples as described herein, device 905 (e.g., controlling receiver 910, transmitter 915, communication manager 920, or combinations thereof, or processors otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources, improved beam steering and orientation accuracy, improved QoS, and improved link budget.

[0199] Figure 10 A block diagram 1000 of an apparatus 1005 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 1005 may be an example of aspects of apparatus 905 or network entity 105 as described herein. Apparatus 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communication manager 1020. Apparatus 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0200] Receiver 1010 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 1005. In some examples, receiver 1010 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1010 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0201] Transmitter 1015 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 1005. For example, transmitter 1015 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1015 and receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0202] Device 1005 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas as described herein. For example, communication manager 1020 may include beamforming component 1025, measurement report analysis component 1030, beam monitoring indication component 1035, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1020 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1020 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 1020 may receive information from receiver 1010, transmit information to transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0203] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a network entity. The beamforming component 1025 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook. The measurement report analysis component 1030 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals. The beam monitoring indication component 1035 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each beam in a set of multiple beams for transmitting synchronization signals, different from the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The measurement report analysis component 1030 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The beamforming component 1025 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0204] Figure 11A block diagram 1100 of a communication manager 1120 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 920, communication manager 1020, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1120 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may include a beamforming component 1125, a measurement report analysis component 1130, a beam monitoring indication component 1135, a beam direction determination component 1140, a beam codebook manager 1145, a selection algorithm application component 1150, a signal splitter 1155, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and such communication may include communication within the protocol layers of the protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between the protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0205] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a network entity. The beamforming component 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook. The measurement report analysis component 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals. The beam monitoring indication component 1135 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each beam in a set of multiple beams for transmitting synchronization signals, different from the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. In some examples, the measurement report analysis component 1130 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. In some examples, the beamforming component 1125 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0206] In some examples, the beam orientation determination component 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements for each of a set of multiple beams corresponding to a beam codebook, wherein the first serving beam is associated with a beam orientation based on the weighted sum.

[0207] In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for generating a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, which is different from a set of beam indices for a set of multiple beams used in the beamcodebook. In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting an indication of the beamcodebook including the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

[0208] In some examples, in order to support receiving a second measurement report of a second set of indicated beam measurements, the measurement report analysis component 1130 may be configured as, or otherwise, to support receiving one or more corresponding receive power measurements for each of the set of multiple beams for the beam codebook and for the first serving beam.

[0209] In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for generating a beam index associated with a second service beam for the beamcodebook based on the removal of a first service beam from the beamcodebook. In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting a second service beam indication, which includes instructions for monitoring each beam in a set of multiple beams different from the beamcodebook, as well as the second service beam of the first service beam.

[0210] In some examples, beamforming component 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for generating a first service beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of a network entity. In some examples, beamforming component 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a first service beam in a direction of a first set of beam measurements based on a first measurement report using at least two antenna elements.

[0211] In some examples, the signal splitter 1155 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for splitting an input signal into two input signals with different corresponding input powers at each of at least two antenna elements.

[0212] In some examples, beamforming assembly 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for applying one or more beam weights to each of at least two antenna elements.

[0213] In some examples, beamforming component 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for generating a first service beam based on one or more beam coefficients, an input signal at a network entity, a radiation pattern of each beam in a set of multiple beams, the angle of one or more sidelobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

[0214] In some examples, the selection algorithm application component 1150 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for applying the selection algorithm to a set of multiple beam weighting coefficients included in a first set of beam measurements to determine a set of beam weighting coefficients associated with a first serving beam. In some examples, the beamforming component 1125 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting the first serving beam based on signal energy according to a set of beam weighting coefficients.

[0215] In some examples, the algorithm chosen includes gradient descent.

[0216] In some examples, the beam orientation determination component 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for determining the orientation of a first serving beam based on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization processes, or any combination thereof.

[0217] In some examples, the thresholds include a received power threshold, a time duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0218] Figure 12 A diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1205 may be an example of device 905, device 1005, or network entity 105 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1205 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and this communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 1205 may include components supporting output and acquisition of communication, such as a communication manager 1220, a transceiver 1210, an antenna 1215, a memory 1225, code 1230, and a processor 1235. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operative ground, communicative ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1240).

[0219] Transceiver 1210 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, transceiver 1210 may include a wired transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 1210 may include a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 1205 may include one or more antennas 1215 that are capable of (e.g., concurrently) transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1210 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1215, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1215, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some embodiments, transceiver 1210 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1215 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1215 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1210 may include one or more processor or memory components or be configured to couple to such processor or memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1210, or transceiver 1210 and one or more antennas 1215, or transceiver 1210 and one or more antennas 1215 and one or more processor or memory components (e.g., processor 1235 or memory 1225 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly mounted in device 1205. In some examples, the transceiver may be able to operate to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, and fronthaul communication link 168).

[0220] Memory 1225 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1225 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1230, including instructions that, when executed by processor 1235, cause device 1205 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1230 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1230 may not be directly executable by processor 1235, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, memory 1225 may also contain a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0221] Processor 1235 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic units, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1235 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1235. Processor 1235 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 1225) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). For example, device 1205 or components of device 1205 may include processor 1235 and memory 1225 coupled to processor 1235, processor 1235 and memory 1225 being configured to perform the various functions described herein. Processor 1235 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 1230) host functions for performing the functions of device 1205. Processor 1235 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1205 (such as within memory 1225). In some specific implementations, processor 1235 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or a series of machines or components that receive input and process that input to produce output (which may be passed to other systems or components, such as device 1205). For example, the processing system of device 1205 may refer to a system that includes various other components or sub-components of device 1205 (such as processor 1235 or transceiver 1210 or communication manager 1220, or other components or combinations of components of device 1205). The processing system of device 1205 can interface with other components of device 1205 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1205 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for receiving information, or both. One or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to receive information, or the same interface configured to both output and receive information, and other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the transmitter, enabling device 1205 to transmit information output from the chip or modem.Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the receiver, enabling device 1205 to receive information or signal input, and such information to be transmitted to the processing system. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also receive information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0222] In some examples, bus 1240 may support communication at the protocol layer of the protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1240 may support communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 1205, or communication performed between different components of device 1205 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1205 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1220, transceiver 1210, memory 1225, code 1230, and processor 1235 may be located in one of the different components or partitioned between the different components).

[0223] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 can manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) various aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 1220 can manage the delivery of data communications by client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1220 can manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other network entities 105 to control communication with UE 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1220 may support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0224] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beambook. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beambook based on the set of synchronization signals. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each of the sets of multiple beams transmitting the set of synchronization signals, different from the beambook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam. The communication manager 1220 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0225] By including or configuring a communication manager 1220 according to an example as described herein, device 1205 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, improving and enhancing user experience related to QoS and beam accuracy, utilizing communication resources more efficiently, improving coordination between devices, increasing link budget, improving beam steering accuracy, and increasing receive power.

[0226] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, acquire, monitor, output, transmit) using or in cooperation with transceiver 1210, one or more antennas 1215 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1220 may be supported or performed by transceiver 1210, processor 1235, memory 1225, code 1230, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1230 may include instructions that can be executed by processor 1235 to cause device 1205 to perform various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein, or processor 1235 and memory 1225 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0227] Figure 13A block diagram 1300 of an apparatus 1305 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 1305 may be an example of various aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. Apparatus 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. Apparatus 1305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other, for example, via one or more buses.

[0228] Receiver 1310 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, and control channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). The information may be transmitted to other components of device 1305. Receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0229] Transmitter 1315 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 1305. For example, transmitter 1315 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1315 may be co-located with receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 1315 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0230] The communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0231] In some examples, the communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). This hardware may include a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic component, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, the processor and memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in memory by the processor).

[0232] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., implemented as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0233] In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may be configured to use a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, transmit information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0234] Communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a UE according to an example disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 1320 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beambook. Communication manager 1320 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a first measurement report, the first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beambook based on the set of synchronization signals. Communication manager 1320 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a first serving beam indication, the first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first serving beam of each of the sets of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals, different from the beambook, wherein the first serving beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. Communication manager 1320 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a second measurement report, the second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The communication manager 1320 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0235] By including or configuring a communication manager 1320 according to an example as described herein, device 1305 (e.g., controlling receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, communication manager 1320, or a combination thereof, or a processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources, improved beam steering accuracy and orientation accuracy, improved QoS, and improved link budget.

[0236] Figure 14 A block diagram 1400 of an apparatus 1405 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 1405 may be an example of aspects of apparatus 1305 or UE 115 as described herein. Apparatus 1405 may include a receiver 1410, a transmitter 1415, and a communication manager 1420. Apparatus 1405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other, for example, via one or more buses.

[0237] Receiver 1410 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, and control channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). The information may be transmitted to other components of device 1405. Receiver 1410 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0238] Transmitter 1415 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 1405. For example, transmitter 1415 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1415 may be co-located with receiver 1410 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 1415 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0239] Device 1405 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas as described herein. For example, communication manager 1420 may include SSB measurement component 1425, measurement reporting component 1430, beam monitoring component 1435, beamforming component 1440, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1420 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 1320 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1420 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 1410, transmitter 1415, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 1420 may receive information from receiver 1410, transmit information to transmitter 1415, or be integrated in combination with receiver 1410, transmitter 1415, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0240] Communication manager 1420 may support wireless communication at a UE according to an example disclosed herein. SSB measurement component 1425 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beambook. Measurement reporting component 1430 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a first measurement report, the first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams of a beambook based on the set of synchronization signals. Beam monitoring component 1435 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a first serving beam indication, the first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first serving beam of each of a set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals, different from the beambook, wherein the first serving beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. Measurement reporting component 1430 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. Beamforming component 1440 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0241] Figure 15 A block diagram 1500 is shown of a communication manager 1520 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 1520 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1320, communication manager 1420, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1520 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1520 may include an SSB measurement component 1525, a measurement reporting component 1530, a beam monitoring component 1535, a beamforming component 1540, a beamcodebook manager 1545, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0242] Communication manager 1520 may support wireless communication at a UE according to the example disclosed herein. SSB measurement component 1525 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beambook. Measurement reporting component 1530 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a first measurement report, the first measurement report comprising a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams of a beambook based on the set of synchronization signals. Beam monitoring component 1535 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a first serving beam indication, the first serving beam indication comprising instructions for monitoring a first serving beam of each of a set of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals, different from the beambook, wherein the first serving beam is based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. In some examples, the measurement reporting component 1530 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams, and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The beamforming component 1540 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0243] In some examples, beam monitoring component 1535 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a first service beam, which is a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements of each beam in a set of multiple beams corresponding to a beam codebook.

[0244] In some examples, to support receiving a first serving beam indication, the beamcodebook manager 1545 may be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for receiving an indication of a beamcodebook that includes a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from a set of beam indices for a set of multiple beams used in the beamcodebook.

[0245] In some examples, in order to support the transmission of a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements, the measurement report component 1530 may be configured as, or otherwise, to support the transmission of one or more corresponding received power measurements for each of the multiple beams in the set of beams for the beam codebook and for the first serving beam.

[0246] In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1545 may be configured as, or otherwise supported, as a component for receiving an indication of a beam index associated with a second service beam different from the first service beam based on the failure of the first service beam to meet a threshold. In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1545 may be configured as, or otherwise supported, as a component for receiving a second service beam indication that includes instructions for monitoring each of a set of multiple beams different from the beamcodebook and the second service beam of the first service beam.

[0247] In some examples, the thresholds include a received power threshold, a time duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0248] Figure 16 A diagram of a system 1600 including a device 1605 supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1605 may be an example of device 1305, device 1405, or UE 115 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1605 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 1605 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1620, an input / output (I / O) controller 1610, a transceiver 1615, an antenna 1625, a memory 1630, code 1635, and a processor 1640. These components may communicate electronically or be coupled in other ways (e.g., operative ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1645).

[0249] I / O controller 1610 manages the input and output signals of device 1605. I / O controller 1610 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1605. In some cases, I / O controller 1610 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1610 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ®Alternatively, it may be another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 1610 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1610 may be implemented as part of a processor such as processor 1640. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1605 via the I / O controller 1610 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1610.

[0250] In some cases, device 1605 may include a single antenna 1625. However, in other cases, device 1605 may have more than one antenna 1625, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1615 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1625 as described herein, a wired or wireless link. For example, transceiver 1615 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1615 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1625 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1625. Transceiver 1615, or transceiver 1615 and one or more antennas 1625, may be an example of transmitter 1315, transmitter 1415, receiver 1310, receiver 1410, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0251] Memory 1630 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 1630 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1635, including instructions that, when executed by processor 1640, cause device 1605 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1635 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1635 may not be directly executable by processor 1640, but may enable the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, memory 1630 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0252] Processor 1640 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1640 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1640. Processor 1640 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 1630) to cause device 1605 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). For example, device 1605 or components of device 1605 may include processor 1640 and memory 1630 coupled to or coupled to processor 1640, processor 1640 and memory 1630 being configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0253] Communication manager 1620 may support wireless communication at a UE according to an example disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook. Communication manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a first measurement report, the first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals. Communication manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a first serving beam indication, the first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first serving beam of each of the sets of multiple beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals, different from the beamcodebook, wherein the first serving beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. Communication manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for transmitting a second measurement report, the second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The communication manager 1620 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a component for transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0254] By including or configuring a communication manager 1620 according to an example as described herein, device 1605 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, improving and enhancing user experience related to QoS and beam accuracy, utilizing communication resources more efficiently, improving coordination between devices, increasing link budget, improving beam steering accuracy, and increasing receive power.

[0255] In some examples, the communication manager 1620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise cooperating with transceiver 1615, one or more antennas 1625, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1620 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1620 may be supported or performed by processor 1640, memory 1630, code 1635, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1635 may include instructions that can be executed by processor 1640 to cause device 1605 to perform various aspects of techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein, or processor 1640 and memory 1630 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0256] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1700 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1700 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0257] At 1705, the method may include transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook. The operation of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1705 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The beamforming assembly 1125 described herein performs this function.

[0258] At 1710, the method may include: receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements based on a set of synchronization signals corresponding to a set of beam codes. Operation of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1710 may be provided by reference to... Figure 11 The measurement report analysis component 1130 described herein is used to perform this.

[0259] At 1715, the method may include: transmitting a first service beam indication, the first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each of a set of multiple beams transmitted for synchronization signals that are different from a beam codebook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by a first measurement report. Operation of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1715 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The beam monitoring instruction component 1135 described herein performs this function.

[0260] At 1720, the method may include: receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with a first serving beam. Operation of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1720 may be provided by reference to... Figure 11 The measurement report analysis component 1130 described herein is used to perform this.

[0261] At 1725, the method may include: transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold. The operation of 1725 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1725 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The beamforming assembly 1125 described herein performs this function.

[0262] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1800 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0263] At 1805, the method may include transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook. The operation of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1805 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The beamforming assembly 1125 described herein performs this function.

[0264] At 1810, the method may include: receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements based on a set of synchronization signals corresponding to a set of beam codes. Operation of 1810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1810 may be provided by reference to... Figure 11 The measurement report analysis component 1130 described herein is used to perform this.

[0265] At 1815, the method may include: performing a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements for each beam in a set of multiple beams corresponding to a beam codebook, wherein a first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based on the weighted sum. The operation of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1815 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The described beam direction determination component 1140 performs this function.

[0266] At 1820, the method may include: transmitting a first service beam indication, the first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam for each of a set of multiple beams transmitted for synchronization signals that are different from a beam codebook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by a first measurement report. Operation of 1820 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1820 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The beam monitoring instruction component 1135 described herein performs this function.

[0267] At 1825, the method may include: receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with a first serving beam. Operation of 1825 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1825 may be provided by reference to... Figure 11 The measurement report analysis component 1130 described herein is used to perform this.

[0268] At 1830, the method may include: transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold. The operation of 1830 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1830 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The beamforming assembly 1125 described herein performs this function.

[0269] Figure 19A flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1900 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1900 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 13 to 16 The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0270] At 1905, the method may include receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beamcodebook. The operation of 1905 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1905 may be derived from references... Figure 15 The SSB measurement component 1525 described herein is used to perform this.

[0271] At 1910, the method may include: transmitting a first measurement report comprising a first set of beam measurements based on a set of synchronization signals corresponding to a set of beam codes. The operation of 1910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1910 may be provided by reference to... Figure 15 The measurement report component 1530 described is used to perform this.

[0272] At 1915, the method may include: receiving a first service beam indication, the first service beam indication including an instruction for monitoring a first service beam for each of a set of multiple beams transmitted for synchronization signals, different from a beam codebook, wherein the first service beam is based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by a first measurement report. The operation of 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1915 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 15 The beam monitoring component 1535 described herein is used to perform this function.

[0273] At 1920, the method may include: sending a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. Operation of 1920 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1920 may be provided by reference to... Figure 15 The measurement report component 1530 described is used to perform this.

[0274] At 1925, the method may include: transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold. The operation of 1925 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1925 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 15 The beamforming assembly 1540 described herein performs this function.

[0275] Figure 20 A block diagram 2000 of an apparatus 2005 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 2005 may be an example of aspects of network entity 105 as described herein. Apparatus 2005 may include receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, and communication manager 2020. Apparatus 2005, or one or more components of apparatus 2005 (e.g., receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, and communication manager 2020), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0276] Receiver 2010 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 2005. In some examples, receiver 2010 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 2010 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0277] Transmitter 2015 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 2005. For example, transmitter 2015 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 2015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 2015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 2015 and receiver 2010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0278] The communication manager 2020, receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 2020, receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0279] In some examples, the communication manager 2020, receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0280] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 2020, receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., implemented as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 2020, receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0281] In some examples, the communication manager 2020 may be configured to use the receiver 2010, the transmitter 2015, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 2020 may receive information from the receiver 2010, transmit information to the transmitter 2015, or integrate with the receiver 2010, the transmitter 2015, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0282] The Communication Manager 2020 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the Communication Manager 2020 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. The Communication Manager 2020 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: transmitting signals via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signals are spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0283] By including or configuring a communication manager 2020 according to an example as described herein, device 2005 (e.g., controlling receiver 2010, transmitter 2015, communication manager 2020 or a combination thereof or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for network entities to generate beamforming weights to enhance coverage, reduce processing, reduce power consumption and utilize communication resources more efficiently.

[0284] Figure 21A block diagram 2100 of an apparatus 2105 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 2105 may be an example of aspects of apparatus 2005 or network entity 105 as described herein. Apparatus 2105 may include receiver 2110, transmitter 2115, and communication manager 2120. Apparatus 2105, or one or more components of apparatus 2105 (e.g., receiver 2110, transmitter 2115, and communication manager 2120), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0285] Receiver 2110 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 2105. In some examples, receiver 2110 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 2110 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0286] Transmitter 2115 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 2105. For example, transmitter 2115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 2115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 2115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 2115 and receiver 2110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0287] Device 2105 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas as described herein. For example, communication manager 2120 may include beamforming weight generator 2125, signal transmitter 2130, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 2120 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 2020 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 2120 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 2110, transmitter 2115, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 2120 may receive information from receiver 2110, transmit information to transmitter 2115, or be integrated in combination with receiver 2110, transmitter 2115, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0288] Communication manager 2120 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Beamforming weight generator 2125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. Signal transmitter 2130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0289] Figure 22A block diagram 2200 illustrates a communication manager 2220 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 2220 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 2020, communication manager 2120, or both as described herein. The communication manager 2220 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 2220 may include a beamforming weight generator 2225, a signal transmitter 2230, a capability message transmitter 2235, or any combination thereof. These components, or each of their components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and this communication may include communication within protocol layers of a protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0290] Communication manager 2220 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Beamforming weight generator 2225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. Signal transmitter 2230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0291] In some examples, in order to support signal transmission, signal transmitter 2230 is capable of, configured to, or can operate to support the transmission of signals across a set of azimuths associated with a target coverage area via a set of antenna elements of a lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, and the corresponding signal strength of the signal for each azimuth in the set of azimuths is within the signal strength range.

[0292] In some examples, in order to support signal transmission, signal transmitter 2230 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support transmission of signals via a set of antenna elements positioned along a focal plane associated with a lens of the lens antenna, such that the observed starting position of the signal differs from the position of the focal plane.

[0293] In some examples, in order to support signal transmission, the signal transmitter 2230 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support the transmission of signals via a set of antenna elements such that waveforms from the set of antenna elements converge at a convergence location, wherein the convergence location is based on the transmission angle of the signal and the radius of the lens of the lens antenna.

[0294] In some examples, the first distance between the convergence location and the center of the lens of the lens antenna is based on the focal length of the lens, wherein the focal length of the lens is based on the second distance between the center of the lens and the focal plane of the lens.

[0295] In some examples, in order to support the generation of a set of beamforming weights, beamforming weight generator 2225 can be configured or operated to support the generation of a set of beamforming weights based on the focal length of the lens antenna and the radius between the center and convergence position of the focal plane of the lens antenna.

[0296] In some examples, the capability message transmitter 2235 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for transmitting capability messages that instruct network entities to perform spatially distributed transmission within a target coverage area of ​​a cell, wherein the capability message indicates the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0297] In some examples, in order to support the sending of capability messages, capability message sender 2235 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support the sending of capability messages via broadcast messages, multicast messages, or unicast messages.

[0298] In some examples, in order to support signal transmission, the signal transmitter 2230 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support the transmission of signals via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna based on one or more input signals for the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna and an aperture function associated with one or more parameters of the lens antenna.

[0299] In some examples, the aperture function of a lens antenna is a singer function or a Bessel function based on the shape of the array of antenna elements of the lens antenna.

[0300] In some examples, in order to support the generation of a set of beamforming weights, beamforming weight generator 2225 can be configured or operated to support the generation of a set of beamforming weights independently of feedback from the UE.

[0301] In some examples, in order to support signal transmission, signal transmitter 2230 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support the transmission of signals via a set of antenna elements of a lens antenna using a set of beamforming weights applied to the phase, amplitude, or both of the signal.

[0302] Figure 23 A diagram of a system 2300 including a device 2305 supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 2305 may be an example of device 2005, device 2105, or network entity 105 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 2305 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and this communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 2305 may include components supporting output and acquisition of communication, such as a communication manager 2320, a transceiver 2310, an antenna 2315, at least one memory 2325, code 2330, and at least one processor 2335. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operative ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 2340).

[0303] Transceiver 2310 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, transceiver 2310 may include a wired transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 2310 may include a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 2305 may include one or more antennas 2315 that are capable of (e.g., concurrently) transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions. Transceiver 2310 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 2315, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 2315, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some embodiments, transceiver 2310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 2315 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 2315 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 2310 may include one or more processors or one or more memory components or configured to be coupled to such processors or memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 2310, or transceiver 2310 and one or more antennas 2315, or transceiver 2310 and one or more antennas 2315 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., at least one processor 2335, at least one memory 2325, or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly mounted in device 2305. In some examples, transceiver 2310 may be able to operate to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, and fronthaul communication link 168).

[0304] At least one memory 2325 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. At least one memory 2325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 2330 including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of at least one processor 2335, cause device 2305 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 2330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 2330 may not be directly executable by a processor of at least one processor 2335, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, at least one memory 2325 may also include a BIOS, among other things, that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, at least one processor 2335 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 2325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein (e.g., as part of a processing system).

[0305] At least one processor 2335 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 2335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into one or more processors in at least one processor 2335. At least one processor 2335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., one or more memories in at least one memory 2325) to cause device 2305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). For example, device 2305 or components of device 2305 may include at least one processor 2335 and at least one memory 2325 coupled to one or more processors in at least one processor 2335, wherein at least one processor 2335 and at least one memory 2325 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. At least one processor 2335 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 2330) host functions for performing the functions of device 2305. At least one processor 2335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 2305 (such as within one or more memories in at least one memory 2325). In some implementations, at least one processor 2335 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system generally refers to a system or series of machines or components that receive input and process that input to produce output (which may be passed to other systems or components, such as device 2305). For example, the processing system of device 2305 may refer to a system that includes various other components or sub-components of device 2305 (such as at least one processor 2335 or transceiver 2310 or communication manager 2320, or other components or combinations of components of device 2305). The processing system of device 2305 can interface with other components of device 2305 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 2305 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for acquiring information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to acquire information, or the same interface configured to both output and acquire information, and other specific implementations.In some embodiments, one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the transmitter, enabling device 2305 to send information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the receiver, enabling device 2305 to receive information or signal input, and such information can be transmitted to the processing system. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also receive information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0306] In some examples, bus 2340 may support communication at the protocol layer of the protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 2340 may support communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 2305, or communication performed between different components of device 2305 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 2305 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 2320, transceiver 2310, at least one memory 2325, code 2330 and at least one processor 2335 may be located in one of the different components or partitioned between the different components).

[0307] In some examples, the communication manager 2320 can manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) various aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 2320 can manage the delivery of data communications by client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 2320 can manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other network entities 105 to control communication with UE 115. In some examples, the communication manager 2320 may support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0308] The communication manager 2320 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 2320 can, is configured, or is operable to support components for: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. The communication manager 2320 can, is configured, or is operable to support components for: transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0309] By including or configuring a communication manager 2320 according to an example as described herein, device 2305 can support techniques for enabling network entities to generate beamforming weights to improve communication reliability, reduce latency, improve and reduce processing-related user experience, reduce power consumption, utilize communication resources more efficiently, improve coordination between devices, extend battery life, and improve the utilization of processing power.

[0310] In some examples, the communication manager 2320 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with transceiver 2310, one or more antennas 2315 (e.g., where applicable) or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). Although the communication manager 2320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 2320 may be supported or performed by transceiver 2310, one or more processors in at least one processor 2335, one or more memories in at least one memory 2325, code 2330, or any combination thereof (e.g., by a processing system including at least a portion of at least one processor 2335, at least one memory 2325, code 2330, or any combination thereof). For example, code 2330 may include instructions that can be executed by one or more processors of at least one processor 2335 to cause device 2305 to perform various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein, or at least one processor 2335 and at least one memory 2325 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0311] Figure 24A block diagram 2400 of an apparatus 2405 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 2405 may be an example of aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Apparatus 2405 may include a receiver 2410, a transmitter 2415, and a communication manager 2420. Apparatus 2405, or one or more components of apparatus 2405 (e.g., receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, and communication manager 2420), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0312] Receiver 2410 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, and control channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). The information may be transmitted to other components of device 2405. Receiver 2410 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0313] Transmitter 2415 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 2405. For example, transmitter 2415 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 2415 may be co-located with receiver 2410 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 2415 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0314] The communication manager 2420, receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 2420, receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0315] In some examples, the communication manager 2420, receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of the following: a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic component, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0316] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 2420, receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., implemented as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 2420, receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured, either individually or collectively, as components for performing the functions described herein).

[0317] In some examples, the communication manager 2420 may be configured to use a receiver 2410, a transmitter 2415, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 2420 may receive information from the receiver 2410, transmit information to the transmitter 2415, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 2410, the transmitter 2415, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0318] The communication manager 2420 can support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 2420 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: receiving a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; the communication manager 2420 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: monitoring the transmission of a signal from a lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on the received capability message; and the communication manager 2420 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: receiving a signal from the network entity via a lens antenna based on the capability message, according to the signal monitored within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0319] By including or configuring a communication manager 2420 according to an example as described herein, device 2405 (e.g., controlling receiver 2410, transmitter 2415, communication manager 2420, or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for network entities to generate beamforming weights to reduce processing, reduce power consumption, and utilize communication resources more efficiently.

[0320] Figure 25 A block diagram 2500 of a device 2505 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 2505 may be an example of aspects of device 2405 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 2505 may include a receiver 2510, a transmitter 2515, and a communication manager 2520. Device 2505, or one or more components of device 2505 (e.g., receiver 2510, transmitter 2515, and communication manager 2520), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0321] Receiver 2510 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, and control channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). The information may be transmitted to other components of device 2505. Receiver 2510 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0322] Transmitter 2515 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 2505. For example, transmitter 2515 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 2515 may be co-located with receiver 2510 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 2515 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0323] Device 2505 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas as described herein. For example, communication manager 2520 may include capability message receiver 2525, signal monitoring component 2530, signal receiver 2535, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 2520 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 2420 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 2520 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 2510, transmitter 2515, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 2520 may receive information from receiver 2510, transmit information to transmitter 2515, or be integrated in combination with receiver 2510, transmitter 2515, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0324] Communication manager 2520 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Capability message receiver 2525 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving capability messages instructing a network entity to transmit signals via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity. Signal monitoring component 2530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: monitoring the transmission of signals from a lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on the received capability message. Signal receiver 2535 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving signals from the network entity via a lens antenna based on the monitored signals within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, according to the capability message.

[0325] Figure 26A block diagram 2600 illustrates a communication manager 2620 supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 2620 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 2420, communication manager 2520, or both as described herein. The communication manager 2620 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 2620 may include a capability message receiver 2625, a signal monitoring component 2630, a signal receiver 2635, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or its components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0326] Communication manager 2620 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Capability message receiver 2625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving capability messages instructing a network entity to transmit signals via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity. Signal monitoring component 2630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: monitoring the transmission of signals from a lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on the received capability message. Signal receiver 2635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving signals from the network entity via a lens antenna according to the capability message based on signal monitoring within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0327] In some examples, in order to support signal reception, signal receiver 2635 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for receiving signals from network entities via a lens antenna, such that the signal strength is within the signal strength range within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0328] In some examples, in order to support signal reception, signal receiver 2635 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for receiving signals from a network entity via a lens antenna through a single antenna in a set of antennas at the UE.

[0329] In some examples, in order to support receiving capability messages, capability message receiver 2625 is capable, configured, or operable to support receiving capability messages via broadcast messages, multicast messages, or unicast messages.

[0330] In some examples, in order to support receiving the signal, the signal receiver 2635 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support receiving signals from a network entity via a lens antenna via a broadcast message, multicast message, or unicast message.

[0331] In some examples, in order to support receiving capability messages, capability message receiver 2625 is capable, configured, or operable to support receiving capability messages based on the UE being connected to a frequency different from that of the network entity.

[0332] Figure 27 A diagram of a system 2700 including a device 2705 supporting continuous beam scanning for an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 2705 may be an example of device 2405, device 2505, or UE 115 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 2705 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 2705 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 2720, an input / output (I / O) controller 2710, a transceiver 2715, an antenna 2725, at least one memory 2730, code 2735, and at least one processor 2740. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operative ground, communicative ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 2745).

[0333] I / O controller 2710 manages the input and output signals of device 2705. I / O controller 2710 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 2705. In some cases, I / O controller 2710 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 2710 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ®Alternatively, it may be another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 2710 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 2710 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 2740. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 2705 via the I / O controller 2710 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 2710.

[0334] In some cases, device 2705 may include a single antenna 2725. However, in other cases, device 2705 may have more than one antenna 2725, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 2715 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 2725 as described herein, a wired or wireless link. For example, transceiver 2715 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 2715 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 2725 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 2725. Transceiver 2715, or transceiver 2715 and one or more antennas 2725, may be an example of transmitter 2415, transmitter 2515, receiver 2410, receiver 2510, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0335] At least one memory 2730 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 2730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 2735, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 2740, cause device 2705 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 2735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 2735 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 2740, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 2730 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0336] At least one processor 2740 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 2740 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 2740. At least one processor 2740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., at least one memory 2730) to cause device 2705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). For example, device 2705 or components of device 2705 may include at least one processor 2740 and at least one memory 2730 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 2740, wherein at least one processor 2740 and at least one memory 2730 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 2740 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 2730 may include multiple memories. One or more of a plurality of processors may be coupled to one or more of a plurality of memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein.

[0337] The communication manager 2720 can support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 2720 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: receiving a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; the communication manager 2720 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: monitoring the transmission of a signal from a lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on the received capability message; and the communication manager 2720 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for: receiving a signal from the network entity via a lens antenna based on the capability message, according to the signal monitored within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0338] By including or configuring a communication manager 2720 according to an example as described herein, device 2705 can support techniques for network entities to generate beamforming weights to improve communication reliability, reduce latency, improve and reduce processing-related user experience, reduce power consumption, utilize communication resources more efficiently, improve coordination between devices, extend battery life, and improve the utilization of processing power.

[0339] In some examples, the communication manager 2720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using a transceiver 2715, one or more antennas 2725, or any combination thereof, or otherwise cooperating with them. Although the communication manager 2720 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 2720 may be supported or performed by at least one processor 2740, at least one memory 2730, code 2735, or any combination thereof. For example, code 2735 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 2740 to cause the device 2705 to perform various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein, or at least one processor 2740 and at least one memory 2730 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0340] Figure 28 A flowchart illustrating a method 2800 for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 2800 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 2800 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 5A to 9 as well as Figures 20 to 23 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0341] At 2805, the method may include: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. The operation of block 2805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 2805 may be provided by reference to... Figure 22 The beamforming weight generator 2225 described herein is used to perform this.

[0342] At 2810, the method may include: transmitting a signal via an array of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to a set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell. The operation of block 2810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 2810 may be derived from references... Figure 22 The described signal transmitter 2230 is used to perform this.

[0343] Figure 29 A flowchart illustrating a method 2900 for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 2900 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 2900 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 5A to 9 as well as Figures 20 to 23 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0344] At 2905, the method may include: sending a capability message instructing a network entity to perform spatially distributed transmission within a target coverage area of ​​the cell, wherein the capability message indicates the target coverage area of ​​the cell. The operation of block 2905 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 2905 may be derived from references... Figure 22 The described capability is executed by message sender 2235.

[0345] At 2910, the method may include: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with a network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is based on the target coverage area and on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. The operation of block 2910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 2910 may be provided by reference to... Figure 22 The beamforming weight generator 2225 described herein is used to perform this.

[0346] At 2915, the method may include: transmitting a signal via an array of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to a set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell. The operation of block 2915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 2915 may be provided by reference to... Figure 22 The described signal transmitter 2230 is used to perform this.

[0347] Figure 30 A flowchart illustrating a method 3000 for supporting continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 3000 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 3000 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figure 2 , Figures 5A to 9 as well asFigures 24 to 27 The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0348] At 3005, the method may include: receiving a capability message instructing a network entity to transmit signals via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity. Operation of block 3005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 3005 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 26 The described capability is performed by the message receiver 2625.

[0349] At 3010, the method may include: monitoring the transmission of signals from a lens antenna associated with a network entity within a target coverage area of ​​the cell based on received capability messages. Operation of block 3010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 3010 may be derived from references... Figure 26 The described signal monitoring component 2630 is used to perform this.

[0350] At 3015, the method may include: receiving a signal from a network entity via a lens antenna based on a capability message, according to a monitored signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell. Operation of block 3015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 3015 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 26 The described signal receiver 2635 performs this function.

[0351] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: transmitting a set of synchronization signals via a plurality of beams of a beamcodebook; receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the plurality of beams of the beamcodebook, at least in part based on the set of synchronization signals; transmitting a first service beam indication including instructions for monitoring a first service beam different from each of the plurality of beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals in the beamcodebook, wherein the first service beam is at least in part based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the plurality of beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam; and transmitting one or more messages via the first service beam based at least in part on the at least one beam measurement associated with the first service beam satisfying a threshold.

[0352] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: performing a weighted sum of the first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of the plurality of beams in the beam codebook, wherein the first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based at least in part on the weighted sum.

[0353] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, the method further comprising: generating a beam index associated with the first serving beam based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from a set of beam indices for the plurality of beams used in the beam codebook; and transmitting an indication of the beam codebook including the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

[0354] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein receiving the second measurement report of the second set of indicated beam measurements comprises: receiving one or more corresponding received power measurements for each of the plurality of beams in the beam codebook and the first serving beam.

[0355] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising: generating a beam index associated with a second service beam for the beam codebook based at least in part on removing the first service beam from the beam codebook; and sending a second service beam indication, the second service beam indication including instructions for monitoring each of the plurality of beams different from the beam codebook and the second service beam of the first service beam.

[0356] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: generating the first service beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of the network entity; and transmitting the first service beam in a direction of the first set of beam measurements based at least in part on the beam measurements of the first measurement report using the at least two antenna elements.

[0357] Aspect 7: According to the method of aspect 6, the method further includes: splitting the input signal into two input signals having different corresponding input powers at each of the at least two antenna elements.

[0358] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 6 to 7, the method further comprising: applying one or more beam weights to each of the at least two antenna elements.

[0359] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: generating the first serving beam based at least in part on one or more beam coefficients, an input signal at the network entity, a radiation pattern of each of the plurality of beams, an angle of one or more sidelobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

[0360] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: applying a selection algorithm to a plurality of beam weighting coefficients included in the first set of beam measurements to determine a set of beam weighting coefficients associated with the first serving beam; and transmitting the first serving beam based on signal energy at least in part based on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

[0361] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the selection algorithm includes a gradient descent algorithm.

[0362] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising: determining the orientation of the first serving beam based at least in part on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of the first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of the first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization processes, or any combination thereof.

[0363] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the threshold includes a received power threshold, a time duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0364] Aspect 14: A method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a set of synchronization signals via a plurality of beams of a beambook; transmitting a first measurement report, the first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the plurality of beams of the beambook, at least in part based on the set of synchronization signals; receiving a first serving beam indication, the first serving beam indication including an instruction for monitoring a first serving beam different from each of the plurality of beams transmitted for the set of synchronization signals in the beambook, wherein the first serving beam is at least in part based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; transmitting a second measurement report, the second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the plurality of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and transmitting one or more messages via the first serving beam based at least in part on the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0365] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 14, the method further comprising: receiving the first serving beam, the first serving beam being at least partially based on a weighted sum of the first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of the plurality of beams in the beam codebook.

[0366] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 15, wherein receiving the first serving beam indication further comprises: receiving, at least in part, an indication of the beam codebook including a beam index associated with the first serving beam, based on the first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from the set of beam indices for the plurality of beams used in the beam codebook.

[0367] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 16, wherein transmitting the second measurement report of the second set of indication beam measurements comprises: transmitting one or more corresponding received power measurements for each of the plurality of beams of the beam codebook and the first serving beam.

[0368] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 17, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of a beam index associated with a second service beam different from the first service beam, based at least in part on the first service beam failing to meet the threshold; and receiving a second service beam indication, the second service beam indication including instructions for monitoring each of the plurality of beams different from the beam codebook and the second service beam of the first service beam.

[0369] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 18, wherein the threshold includes a received power threshold, a time duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0370] Aspect 20: A method for wireless communication by a network entity, the method comprising: generating a set of beamforming weights for a lens antenna associated with the network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated at least in part based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is at least in part based on the target coverage area and based on one or more parameters of the lens antenna; and transmitting a signal via a set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights for the lens antenna, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0371] Aspect 21: According to the method of aspect 20, transmitting the signal comprises: transmitting the signal via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna across a set of azimuth angles associated with the target coverage area, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell at least in part based on the signal, and the corresponding signal strength of the signal for each azimuth angle in the set of azimuth angles is within a signal strength range.

[0372] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 21, wherein transmitting the signal comprises: transmitting the signal via the set of antenna elements positioned along a focal plane associated with a lens of the lens antenna, such that the observed starting position of the signal is different from the position of the focal plane.

[0373] Aspect 23: According to the method of aspect 22, transmitting the signal comprises: transmitting the signal via the set of antenna elements such that waveforms from the set of antenna elements converge at the convergence location, wherein the convergence location is at least partially based on the transmission angle of the signal and the radius of the lens of the lens antenna.

[0374] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 23, wherein the first distance between the convergence location and the center of the lens of the lens antenna is at least partially based on the focal length of the lens, and the focal length of the lens is at least partially based on the second distance between the center of the lens and the focal plane of the lens.

[0375] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 24, wherein generating the set of beamforming weights comprises: generating the set of beamforming weights at least in part based on the focal length of the lens antenna and the radius between the center of the focal plane of the lens antenna and the convergence position.

[0376] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 25, the method further comprising: sending a capability message, the capability message indicating that the network entity is capable of spatially distributed transmission within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, wherein the capability message indicates the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0377] Aspect 27: The method according to aspect 26, wherein sending the capability message includes sending the capability message via a broadcast message, a multicast message, or a unicast message.

[0378] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 27, wherein transmitting the signal comprises: transmitting the signal via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna based at least in part on one or more input signals for the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna and an aperture function associated with the one or more parameters of the lens antenna.

[0379] Aspect 29: According to the method of aspect 28, the aperture function of the lens antenna is at least in part based on the shape of the array of antenna elements of the lens antenna as a Singer function or a Bessel function.

[0380] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 29, wherein generating the set of beamforming weights comprises: generating the set of beamforming weights independently of feedback from the UE.

[0381] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 30, wherein transmitting the signal comprises: transmitting the signal via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna using the set of beamforming weights applied to the phase of the signal, the amplitude of the signal, or both.

[0382] Aspect 32: A method for wireless communication by a UE, the method comprising: receiving a capability message indicating that a network entity is capable of transmitting a signal via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; monitoring, at least in part, the transmission of the signal from the lens antenna associated with the network entity within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based on receiving the capability message; and receiving the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna according to the capability message based at least in part on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0383] Aspect 33: According to the method of aspect 32, receiving the signal includes: receiving the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna such that the signal strength of the signal is within a signal strength range in the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

[0384] Aspect 34: The method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 33, wherein receiving the signal comprises: receiving the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna via a single antenna from a set of antennas at the UE.

[0385] Aspect 35: The method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 34, wherein receiving the capability message includes receiving the capability message via a broadcast message, a multicast message, or a unicast message.

[0386] Aspect 36: The method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 35, wherein receiving the signal comprises: receiving the signal from the network entity via the lens antenna via a broadcast message, a multicast message or a unicast message.

[0387] Aspect 37: The method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 36, wherein receiving the capability message comprises: receiving the capability message based at least in part on the UE being connected to a frequency different from that of the network entity.

[0388] Aspect 38: A network entity for wireless communication, the network entity comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, so that the network entity performs a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0389] Aspect 39: A network entity for wireless communication, the network entity comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0390] Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0391] Aspect 41: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, so that the UE performs a method according to any one of aspects 14 to 19.

[0392] Aspect 42: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 14 to 19.

[0393] Aspect 43: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 19.

[0394] Aspect 44: A network entity for wireless communication, the network entity comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, so that the network entity performs a method according to any one of aspects 20 to 31.

[0395] Aspect 45: A network entity for wireless communication, the network entity comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 20 to 31.

[0396] Aspect 46: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 20 to 31.

[0397] Aspect 47: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, so that the UE performs a method according to any one of aspects 32 to 37.

[0398] Aspect 48: A UE for wireless communication, the UE including at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 32 to 37.

[0399] Aspect 49: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 32 to 37.

[0400] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0401] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0402] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0403] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0404] The functionality described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functionality can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functionality described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functionality can also be physically located in various locations, including portions distributed such that the functionality is implemented at different physical locations.

[0405] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0406] As used herein, the word "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") in the claims indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on". As described herein, the term "set of elements" or similar wording can be understood as "a set of one or more elements".

[0407] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0408] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numerals and a second reference numeral for differentiation between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0409] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0410] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A network entity, the network entity comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, coupled to one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the network entity: A set of beamforming weights is generated for a lens antenna associated with the network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated at least in part based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is at least in part based on the target coverage area and based on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. as well as Signals are transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights used for the lens antenna, such that the signals are spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

2. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna across a set of azimuth angles associated with the target coverage area, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based at least in part on the signal, and the signal strength for each azimuth angle in the set of azimuth angles is within the signal strength range.

3. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements positioned along the focal plane associated with the lens of the lens antenna, such that the observed starting position of the signal differs from the position of the focal plane.

4. The network entity of claim 3, wherein, in order to send the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements such that the waveforms from the set of antenna elements converge at the convergence location, wherein the convergence location is at least partially based on the transmission angle of the signal and the radius of the lens of the lens antenna.

5. The network entity of claim 3, wherein the first distance between the convergence location and the center of the lens of the lens antenna is at least partially based on the focal length of the lens, wherein the focal length of the lens is at least partially based on the second distance between the center of the lens and the focal plane of the lens.

6. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to generate the set of beamforming weights, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The set of beamforming weights is generated at least in part based on the focal length of the lens antenna and the radius between the center of the focal plane of the lens antenna and the convergence position.

7. The network entity of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to: Send a capability message, the capability message indicating that the network entity is capable of spatially distributed transmission within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, wherein the capability message indicates the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

8. The network entity of claim 7, wherein, in order to send the capability message, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The capability message is sent via broadcast message, multicast message, or unicast message.

9. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna, at least in part, based on one or more input signals for the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna and an aperture function associated with one or more parameters of the lens antenna.

10. The network entity of claim 9, wherein the aperture function of the lens antenna is at least in part based on a Singer function or a Bessel function of the shape of the array of antenna elements of the lens antenna.

11. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to generate the set of beamforming weights, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The set of beamforming weights is generated independently of feedback from user equipment (UE).

12. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna using the set of beamforming weights applied to the phase of the signal, the amplitude of the signal, or both.

13. The network entity of claim 1, wherein, in order to send the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the network entity to: The system broadcast information, low data rate control channel transmission, or any combination thereof are transmitted via the signal.

14. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, coupled to one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the UE: A capability message indicating that a network entity is capable of transmitting signals via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; The transmission of the signal from the lens antenna associated with the network entity is monitored, at least in part, within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, based on the received capability message; as well as The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna, at least in part, based on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, according to the capability message.

15. The UE of claim 14, wherein, in order to receive the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to: The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna, such that the signal strength of the signal is within the signal strength range within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

16. The UE of claim 14, wherein, in order to receive the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to: The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna through a single antenna in the set of antennas at the UE.

17. The UE of claim 14, wherein, in order to receive the capability message, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to: The capability message is received via broadcast message, multicast message, or unicast message.

18. The UE of claim 14, wherein, in order to receive the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to: The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna through a broadcast message, multicast message, or unicast message.

19. The UE of claim 14, wherein, in order to receive the capability message, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to: The capability message is received at least in part based on the fact that the UE is connected to a frequency different from that of the network entity.

20. The UE of claim 14, wherein, in order to receive the signal, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to: The system receives broadcast information, low data rate control channel transmission, or any combination thereof via the signal.

21. A method for wireless communication by a network entity, the method comprising: A set of beamforming weights is generated for a lens antenna associated with the network entity, the set of beamforming weights being generated at least in part based on a convergence location corresponding to a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity, wherein the convergence location is at least in part based on the target coverage area and based on one or more parameters of the lens antenna. as well as Signals are transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna according to the set of beamforming weights used for the lens antenna, such that the signals are spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein sending the signal comprises: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna across a set of azimuth angles associated with the target coverage area, such that the signal is spatially distributed within the target coverage area of ​​the cell based at least in part on the signal, and the signal strength for each azimuth angle in the set of azimuth angles is within the signal strength range.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein sending the signal comprises: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements positioned along the focal plane associated with the lens of the lens antenna, such that the observed starting position of the signal differs from the position of the focal plane.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein generating the set of beamforming weights comprises: The set of beamforming weights is generated at least in part based on the focal length of the lens antenna and the radius between the center of the focal plane of the lens antenna and the convergence position.

25. The method according to claim 21, further comprising: Send a capability message, the capability message indicating that the network entity is capable of spatially distributed transmission within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, wherein the capability message indicates the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein sending the signal comprises: The signal is transmitted via the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna, at least in part, based on one or more input signals for the set of antenna elements of the lens antenna and an aperture function associated with one or more parameters of the lens antenna.

27. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: A capability message indicating that a network entity is capable of transmitting signals via a lens antenna within a target coverage area of ​​a cell supported by the network entity; The transmission of the signal from the lens antenna associated with the network entity is monitored, at least in part, within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, based on the received capability message; as well as The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna, at least in part, based on monitoring the signal within the target coverage area of ​​the cell, according to the capability message.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein receiving the signal comprises: The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna, such that the signal strength of the signal is within the signal strength range within the target coverage area of ​​the cell.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein receiving the signal comprises: The signal is received from the network entity via the lens antenna through a broadcast message, multicast message, or unicast message.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein receiving the capability message comprises: The capability message is received at least in part based on the fact that the UE is connected to a frequency different from that of the network entity.

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