Method for inducing pineapple to generate multiple crown buds
By using ethephon, urea, beeswax, and IBA during the summer flowering period of pineapples, combined with short-term mulching and nutrient management, the problem of low pineapple propagation coefficient was solved, and the induction and rapid propagation of multi-crown buds were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
Smart Images
Figure CN121713824A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for inducing multiple crown buds of pineapple. BACKGROUND
[0002] The pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is also known as ananas, which is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Bromeliaceae family and the Ananas genus, and is a famous tropical fruit. The conventional seedling propagation of pineapple mainly relies on the vegetative organs such as crown buds, suckers, bulbils and tuber buds for propagation by division. However, the average annual bud yield of a single plant is only 5-8, among which the crown bud is usually only one, the propagation coefficient is low, and it is difficult to meet the demand of large-scale production. The tissue culture and rapid propagation technology of pineapple can solve the technical demand of large-scale production of seedlings, but due to the fact that the callus in the tissue culture process of the herbaceous crop is prone to produce a large number of mutant plants, leading to changes in seed properties, degradation and other phenomena, therefore, the large-scale production of pineapple seedlings cannot be realized through tissue culture technology. In production, the vegetative organs such as crown buds, suckers, bulbils and tuber buds of pineapple are still used as propagules, and methods such as old stem oblique burying, weak seedling cultivation, crown bud leaf bud insertion and the like are adopted to cultivate seedlings through pineapple vegetative organs, but it is still impossible to realize the large-scale expansion of the propagation coefficient of pineapple seedlings and the rapid propagation of seedlings. Therefore, it is an urgent problem for the industry to solve the slow expansion of seedlings caused by the low natural propagation coefficient in the process of pineapple seedling propagation. SUMMARY
[0003] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for inducing multiple crown buds of pineapple, which simultaneously induces flowering and treats buds in summer, uses ethephon and urea to irrigate the heart, and simultaneously adds plant regulators such as chrysantheol, IBA and paclobutrazol to promote crown bud differentiation and growth, covers with transparent plastic film immediately after the treatment is completed, and carries out film smothering treatment for 3-5 days to enhance the induction treatment effect, thereby effectively increasing the number of naturally propagated crown buds of pineapple.
[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: A method for inducing multiple crown buds of pineapple, comprising the following steps: (1) Pineapple plant treatment standard: In summer from July to August, when the pineapple plant is more than 35 cm long and the leaf blade is more than 30, the flowering induction standard is reached, and the flowering induction and multiple crown bud culture can be carried out; (2) Inducing flowering and bud treatment: Select morning or evening, with 40% of the ethylene water 500-1000 times liquid plus 0.2% urea for induction of flower treatment, each 30 mL-50 mL pour heart; again spray 0.01% of the honey alcohol, 0.01% IBA and 0.01% paclobutrazol according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1:1 mixed dilution 2000-3000 times liquid, to spray wet leaves not dripping water, after the treatment immediately covered with transparent plastic film, to fumigation film processing 3-5 days, then remove the plastic film, for routine management; (3) the nutrition management of multiple crown buds: In step (2) after the treatment is completed 20-40 days into the red period of budding, then gradually show the complete multiple crown buds, in order to cultivate healthy multiple crown buds, respectively, in the thanksgiving period, young fruit period spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea 1 times, all with spray wet leaves not dripping water; in the fruit expansion period spray dilution 1000 times of vigor liquid plus 1000 times of gold potassium 1 times.
[0005] (4) the separation and culture of small crown buds: After the pineapple fruit is harvested, the top multiple crown buds are peeled off and separated, and then transplanted into the mixed medium of river sand, coconut husk and peat soil in the seedling cups for small seedling cultivation, keeping the medium moist. After 10-15 days of hardening, the seedlings are sprayed with 0.2% compound fertilizer and 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, with spray wet leaves not dripping water, once every 7 days, to promote the rapid growth of crown buds, for 2 times of continuous spraying. After 15-20 days of transplanting, 0.01% honey alcohol 1000-2000 times liquid is sprayed, with spray wet leaves not dripping water. After 40-50 days of transplanting, 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, 0.1% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% compound fertilizer are sprayed once, with spray wet leaves not dripping water. After 55-60 days, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times liquid is sprayed, with spray wet leaves not dripping water. If it is rainy season, 800 times liquid of manganese zinc wettable powder is sprayed once every 2 weeks, with spray wet leaves not dripping water, to prevent the occurrence of heart rot. When the crown bud seedlings grow to 30-35 cm high and 2.0 cm thick, they can be transplanted out of the nursery.
[0006] As a further optimization of the technical solution, the ethylene in step (2) is 40% ethylene water 500 times liquid.
[0007] As a further optimization of the technical solution, the 0.01% honey alcohol, 0.01% IBA and 0.01% paclobutrazol in step (2) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1.
[0008] As a further optimization of the technical solution, the mixed medium in step (4) is mixed according to the mass ratio of river sand: coconut husk: peat soil = 1:1:1.
[0009] The melissyl alcohol adopted in the application is also known as triacontanol, Triacontanol, Melissyl, Alcohol, and the effective component is 1-triacontanol, which has the effects of promoting plant growth, differentiation and development, promoting root growth, leaf growth and flower bud differentiation of crops, increasing tillering, and promoting the absorption of mineral elements by crops.
[0010] The paclobutrazol adopted in the application is also known as chlorobutyl, and the effective component is (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2.4-triazole-1-yl) pentan-3-ol, which has the effects of weakening the apical dominance and promoting the growth of lateral buds (tillers).
[0011] The vigor liquid and potassium sulfate adopted in the application are commercially available products of the Yali brand.
[0012] The application has the following beneficial effects: (1) After the pineapple reaches the standard of flower induction, 40% of the ethylene water agent 500-1000 times liquid is used for flower induction treatment, 0.2% of urea is added, 0.01% of melissyl alcohol, 0.01% of IBA and 0.01% of paclobutrazol are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1:1, and 2000-3000 times liquid is sprayed on the crown bud part, so as to promote the crown bud to induce differentiation into multiple crown buds. The melissyl alcohol and paclobutrazol play the roles of inducing crown bud differentiation and tillering, and the IBA plays the role of promoting plant cell division and growth, which together promote and induce the growth of multiple crown buds, so as to improve the natural breeding of pineapple.
[0013] (2) After the flower induction and bud treatment, the transparent plastic film is used for timely covering and smothering treatment for 3-5 days, the purpose is to fully open the stomata of the plant in a short time and high temperature closed environment, promote the full absorption of ethylene and plant growth regulators, and promote the bud induction effect under the condition of reducing the use concentration. The traditional method is to carry out film mulching and temperature preservation treatment in winter to improve the temperature, avoid pineapple frost injury and frost damage, and affect the growth of the plant; in summer, no film mulching treatment is carried out, because long time smothering and high temperature will cause the plant to enter heat dormancy and burn the plant, affecting the growth. The application innovatively tries to use short time smothering. The method of the application can increase the number of induced crown buds, and the average number of crown buds of the same pineapple plant can reach about 14-16, which can effectively accelerate the breeding of pineapple.
[0014] (3) In this invention, 0.2% compound fertilizer and 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium are sprayed on the leaves 10-15 days after transplanting small crown buds to promote rapid growth of crown buds. 15-20 days after transplanting, 0.01% bee pollen alcohol solution is sprayed to promote the absorption of mineral elements, enhance the effect of mineral fertilizer, promote leaf growth, and accelerate the efficiency of seedling removal. Subsequently, depending on the growth of crown buds, 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, 0.1% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% compound fertilizer are sprayed once 40-50 days after transplanting; and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed 1000 times at 55-60 days to promote leaf elongation, make the plants strong, and enable them to meet the conditions for seedling removal in about 60-65 days. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-crown buds induced in the Tainong No. 4 pineapple variety.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multiple crown buds of the Tainong No. 4 pineapple during the fruit enlargement period.
[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the transplanting of pineapple crown buds into seedling cups after they have been separated.
[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the growth status of the crown buds 50 days after transplanting them into seedling cups.
[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the growth of crown buds that have reached the standard for leaving the nursery. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments: Embodiment 1 Study on the effect of different treatment methods on the crown bud propagation effect of "Tainong No. 4" pineapple In the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple planting experimental area in Wuming District, Nanning City, an experiment was conducted to induce pineapples to produce multiple crown buds. The specific experimental methods included the following steps: (1) Pineapple plant treatment standards: In the summer of 2024, from July to August, in the experimental area, the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple plants that reach a length of more than 35 cm and have more than 30 leaves can meet the standard for flower induction, and can then carry out flower induction and multi-crown bud cultivation treatment. (2) Treatment to induce flowering and budding: Early morning or late evening were chosen as the time to conduct flower and bud induction experiments on the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple variety in the experimental area. The experiment was divided into 11 groups, with 100 plants in each group, and all plants were clearly marked. The dosage of 40% ethephon aqueous solution plus 0.2% urea for top dressing was 50 mL for all treatments. Specific grouping details are shown in Table 1 below. After treatment, the plants were immediately completely covered with transparent plastic film for 3-5 days, after which the plastic film was removed, and routine management resumed. (3) Nutritional management of multiple crown buds: After 20-40 days of treatment in step (2), the budding and reddening stage begins, followed by the gradual appearance of complete multi-crown buds. In order to cultivate strong multi-crown buds, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea once each during the flowering and young fruit stages, ensuring that the leaves are moistened but not dripping. During the fruit enlargement stage, spray once with a solution diluted 1000 times with a mixture of 1000 times potassium phosphate and 1000 times potassium sulfate.
[0021] The budding rate and the average number of crown buds on each pineapple plant were statistically analyzed during the experiment and recorded in Table 1.
[0022] Table 1. Effects of different treatment methods on crown bud propagation of 'Tainong No. 4' pineapple
[0023] As shown in Table 1, by statistically analyzing the effects of different treatments on the number of crown buds on mature fruits, comparing groups 1-9, higher concentrations of ethephon (500x and 1000x) significantly promoted the occurrence of multiple crown buds, with an average of over 14 crown buds emerging, significantly higher than other concentrations of ethephon (2000x, 4000x, 8000x, and 16000x). Simultaneously, the number of multiple crown buds induced by the ethephon treatment group was also much higher than that of the single calcium carbide treatment group (3.34 and 3.52). The combined treatment of calcium carbide and ethephon (1.5% calcium carbide once + 500x ethylene foliar spray once) resulted in an average of 5.56 multiple crown buds. The effect of multiple crown bud emergence was between that of the low-concentration ethephon and calcium carbide treatment groups, indicating that ethephon is beneficial in increasing the number of multiple crown buds.
[0024] The comparisons of groups 1, 2, 10, and 11 show that the application of a 2000-3000 times dilution of a mixture of 0.01% beeswax, 0.01% IBA, and 0.01% paclobutrazol in a mass ratio of 2-3:1:1 increases the average number of crown buds, with each pineapple plant gaining approximately 1-2 additional crown buds. This indicates that the added beeswax, IBA, and paclobutrazol promote crown bud tillering and overall growth.
[0025] The method of this invention promotes the reproduction of pineapple crown buds to a number far exceeding the level of conventional reproduction, indicating that it can be used as an effective means to improve the seedling efficiency of "Tainong No. 4" pineapple.
[0026] Example 2: Study on the effect of summer mulching on promoting crown bud propagation of "Tainong No. 4" pineapple In the “Tainong No. 4” pineapple planting experimental area B in Wuming District, Nanning City, an experiment was conducted to induce pineapples to produce multiple crown buds. The specific experimental methods included the following steps: (1) Pineapple plant treatment standards: In the summer of 2024, from July to August, in the experimental area, the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple plants that reach a length of more than 35 cm and have more than 30 leaves can meet the standard for flower induction, and can then carry out flower induction and multi-crown bud cultivation treatment. (2) Treatment to induce flowering and budding: Early morning or evening was chosen as the time to conduct flower and bud induction experiments on the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple in the experimental area. A 500-fold dilution of 40% ethephon aqueous solution with 0.2% urea was used for flower induction treatment, with 50 mL applied to the heart of each plant. Then, 0.01% beeswax alcohol, 0.01% IBA and 0.01% paclobutrazol were mixed and diluted 2000-3000 times by mass ratio and sprayed until the leaves were wet but not dripping. After the treatment was completed, the experiment was completed.
[0027] Group A, 100 plants, were immediately covered with transparent plastic film for 3 days to prevent suffocation, and then the plastic film was removed.
[0028] Group B consisted of 100 plants that were not covered with film and served as the control group.
[0029] All other management aspects are the same, and standard management is adopted.
[0030] Nutritional management of multi-crown buds: (3) After 20-40 days of treatment in step (2), the budding and reddening stage will gradually appear, and complete multi-crown buds will gradually emerge. In order to cultivate strong multi-crown buds, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea once each during the flowering and young fruit stages, and spray until the leaves are wet but not dripping. During the fruit enlargement stage, spray once with a 1000-fold diluted Shengli liquid plus a 1000-fold diluted Jin potassium.
[0031] The budding rate and the average number of crown buds on each pineapple plant were statistically analyzed during the experiment and recorded in Table 1.
[0032] Table 1. Effects of different treatment methods on crown bud propagation of 'Tainong No. 4' pineapple
[0033] As shown in Table 2, without the film covering treatment, it is a conventional flowering-inducing treatment, and the normal result is only one crown bud. However, by using ethephon + urea + plant growth regulator + short-term film covering treatment, the pineapple plants are in a high-temperature and closed environment for a short period of time, which fully opens the plant stomata and promotes the full absorption of ethephon and plant growth regulator. Even with a reduced concentration of the agents, it still has a significant effect on promoting flowering and budding, and the crown buds can reach more than 14, with a very obvious effect of multiple crown buds.
[0034] Example 3: Study on the effects of different treatments on the crown bud growth of "Tainong No. 4" pineapple Experimental method: After harvesting the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple fruits, the crown buds at the top were peeled off one by one and separated. Then, they were transplanted into seedling cups containing a pre-prepared mixed substrate of river sand, coconut coir, and peat moss (mass ratio of 1:1:1) for seedling cultivation, and the substrate was kept moist. 200 seedlings were selected for the experiment and divided into groups C and D, with 100 seedlings in each group.
[0035] Fifteen days after transplanting, spray the leaves with 0.2% compound fertilizer and 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, spraying until the leaves are wet but not dripping. Spray once every 7 days for two consecutive times to promote the rapid growth of the crown buds.
[0036] Twenty days after transplanting, Group C was sprayed with an additional 0.01% bee pollen alcohol solution diluted 1000 times, enough to wet the leaves without dripping water. Group D served as the control group, and water was used instead.
[0037] 40-50 days after transplanting, both groups were sprayed with 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, 0.1% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% compound fertilizer once, until the leaves were wet but not dripping. At 55-60 days, a 1000-fold dilution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed, until the leaves were wet but not dripping.
[0038] During the crown bud cultivation process, if it is rainy season, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder every 2 weeks, until the leaves are wet but not dripping, to prevent heart rot; when the crown bud seedlings reach a height of 30-35cm and a stem diameter of 2.0cm, they can be transplanted.
[0039] Table 3. Effects of different treatments on crown growth of 'Tainong No. 4' pineapple.
[0040] As shown in Table 3, during the cultivation of pineapple crown buds, the present invention, by adding 0.01% beeswax 1000 times dilution to the foliar fertilizer, can effectively promote the absorption of mineral and element fertilizers by plants, promote the growth of pineapple tissues, accelerate the nursery cycle, and improve the cultivation efficiency.
[0041] Example 4 In a pineapple plantation in Shanglin District, Nanning City, a treatment was performed to induce pineapples to produce multiple crown buds. The treatment included the following steps: (1) Pineapple plant treatment standards: In mid-to-late July 2024, when the plants of the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple variety reached a height of 35 cm or more and had more than 30 leaves, they met the criteria for flower induction. Flower induction was then carried out and multi-crown bud treatment was developed. (2) Treatment to induce flowering and budding: In the evening, the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple in the plantation was induced to flower and promote bud growth. A 500-fold dilution of 40% ethephon aqueous solution with 0.2% urea was used for induction, with 30-50 mL applied to the heart of each plant. Then, an agricultural sprayer was used to spray a 3000-fold dilution of a mixture of 0.01% beeswax alcohol, 0.01% IBA, and 0.01% paclobutrazol at a mass ratio of 2:1:1 (pre-prepared), spraying until the leaves were moist but not dripping. After treatment, the entire plant was immediately covered with a transparent plastic film for 5 days, after which the plastic film was removed, and regular management resumed.
[0042] (3) Nutritional management of multiple crown buds: 30-40 days after the treatment in step (2), the plant enters the budding and reddening stage, gradually revealing complete multi-crown buds. To cultivate robust multi-crown buds, spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea once each during the flowering and young fruit stages, ensuring the leaves are moistened but not dripping. During the fruit enlargement stage, spray with a 1000-fold diluted solution of Shengliye plus a 1000-fold diluted solution of Jinjia. Each pineapple plant should have 14-17 crown buds.
[0043] (4) Nutritional management of multi-crown buds After harvesting the "Tainong No. 4" pineapple, the crown buds at the top of each fruit are separated and transplanted into seedling cups containing a pre-prepared substrate of river sand, coconut coir, and peat moss (in a 1:1:1 ratio). The substrate is kept moist. Fifteen days after transplanting, a foliar spray of 0.2% compound fertilizer and 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium is applied, just enough to moisten the leaves without dripping. This is repeated every 7 days for two consecutive applications to promote rapid crown bud growth. Twenty days after transplanting, a 1000-fold dilution of 0.01% beeswax is applied, again just enough to moisten the leaves without dripping. 45-50 days after transplanting, spray once with 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, 0.1% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% compound fertilizer, until the leaves are wet but not dripping. 55-60 days later, spray with 1000 times diluted 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, until the leaves are wet but not dripping.
[0044] During the crown bud cultivation process, if it is rainy season, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder every 2 weeks, until the leaves are wet but not dripping, to prevent heart rot. When the crown bud seedlings reach a height of 30-35cm and a stem diameter of 2.0cm, they can be transplanted and ready for nursery in 60-65 days.
Claims
1. A method for inducing pineapples to produce multiple crown buds, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Pineapple plant treatment standards: In the summer months of July and August, once the pineapple plant has grown to more than 35 cm and has more than 30 leaves, it meets the standard for flower induction and can then be used to induce flowering and cultivate multiple crown buds. (2) Treatment to induce flowering and budding: Choose early morning or evening, and use a 500-1000 times dilution of 40% ethephon aqueous solution plus 0.2% urea for induction and flowering treatment, applying 30-50 mL of solution to each plant. Then spray with a mixture of 0.01% bee pollen alcohol, 0.01% IBA and 0.01% paclobutrazol at a mass ratio of 2-3:1:1, diluted 2000-3000 times, until the leaves are wet but not dripping. After treatment, immediately cover the entire plant with transparent plastic film and leave it for 3-5 days. Then remove the plastic film and resume regular management. (3) Nutritional management of multiple crown buds: After 20-40 days of treatment in step (2), the buds begin to emerge and turn red, and then complete multi-crown buds gradually appear. In order to cultivate strong multi-crown buds, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea once each during the flowering period and the young fruit period, ensuring that the leaves are moistened but not dripping. During the fruit enlargement period, spray once with a solution of 1000 times diluted Shengli liquid plus 1000 times diluted Jin potassium. (4) Isolation and culture of small crown buds: After the pineapple fruits are harvested, the crown buds at the top are peeled off one by one and separated. Then, they are transplanted into seedling cups filled with a mixture of river sand, coconut coir, and peat moss for seedling cultivation, keeping the substrate moist. After 10-15 days of recovery, a foliar spray of 0.2% compound fertilizer and 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium is applied, just enough to wet the leaves without dripping. This is repeated every 7 days to promote rapid crown bud growth, for a total of two applications. 15-20 days after transplanting, a 1000-2000 times dilution of 0.01% bee pollen alcohol is applied, just enough to wet the leaves without dripping. 40-50 days after transplanting, a spray of 0.1% amino acid chelated potassium, 0.1% amino acid chelated iron, and 0.2% compound fertilizer is applied once, just enough to wet the leaves without dripping. At 55-60 days, a 1000 times dilution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied, just enough to wet the leaves without dripping. If it is rainy season, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder every 2 weeks, until the leaves are wet but not dripping, to prevent heart rot; the seedlings can be transplanted when the crown buds grow to 30-35cm in height and 2.0cm in stem diameter.
2. The method for inducing pineapple to produce multiple crown buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the ethephon is a 40% ethephon aqueous solution diluted 500 times.
3. The method for inducing pineapple to produce multiple crown buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), 0.01% of beeswax alcohol, 0.01% of IBA and 0.01% of paclobutrazol are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:
1.
4. The method for inducing pineapple to produce multiple crown buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the mixed substrate in step (4) is river sand: coconut coir: peat soil = 1:1:1.