Piston outer diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device, belonging to the field of mechanical parts inspection and sorting technology. To solve certain problems, it specifically includes: a cabinet, a feeding assembly, a discharging assembly, a conveying assembly, a measuring assembly, and a control mechanism. This invention automatically picks up the piston to be inspected by the feeding assembly and sends it to the conveying assembly. The conveying assembly continuously transports the workpieces, the measuring assembly automatically completes positioning and outer diameter detection, and the discharging assembly automatically sorts and grades the parts. The entire process requires no manual intervention in feeding, positioning, discharging, and sorting operations, reducing labor intensity. Furthermore, relying on the precise transmission of the mechanical structure and the automated data acquisition of the pneumatic probe, it avoids the experience-dependent errors of manual caliper measurements, resulting in more objective and accurate measurement data. All components are centrally coordinated through the control mechanism, ensuring tight coordination between feeding, conveying, inspection, and sorting. The pre-inspection stage removes invalid workpieces in advance, reducing unnecessary measurement time and meeting the high-volume inspection needs of the production line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical parts inspection and sorting technology, and in particular to an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device. Background Technology

[0002] Pistons are core components of power and cooling devices such as internal combustion engines, hydraulic systems, and compressors. The accuracy of their outer diameter directly determines the clearance between the piston and the cylinder, affecting the sealing performance, operational stability, and service life of the equipment. In the mass production of pistons, high-precision inspection and rapid grading and sorting of outer diameter dimensions are key processes to ensure product quality.

[0003] Currently, piston outer diameter measurement mainly employs two methods: manual caliper measurement and semi-automatic measuring instrument measurement. Manual measurement relies on the operator's experience, resulting in low measurement efficiency, large subjective errors, and high labor intensity, and it cannot meet the large-scale testing requirements of modern production lines. While semi-automatic measuring equipment can improve measurement accuracy, it requires manual handling of piston loading, positioning, unloading, and sorting operations, leading to discontinuous process connections and still resulting in slow testing cycles and low sorting accuracy. Furthermore, some existing automatic measuring equipment suffers from insufficient positioning accuracy, causing pistons to easily become eccentric or tilted at the measurement station, leading to distorted measurement data. At the same time, most equipment's sorting modules can only achieve binary sorting of qualified and unqualified samples, failing to meet the grading requirements of multiple precision levels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device includes an equipment cabinet, the equipment cabinet including a floor-standing electrical cabinet and a profile frame cover installed on the floor-standing electrical cabinet, and the floor-standing electrical cabinet is equipped with a planar operating platform; The loading assembly and the unloading assembly are located at opposite ends of the operating platform, respectively. The conveying assembly has its input end and output end connected to the loading assembly and unloading assembly respectively. The loading assembly is used to send the piston workpiece to be tested to the input end of the conveying assembly, and the conveying assembly is used to support and convey the piston workpiece to be tested to the unloading assembly. A measuring component is configured on the conveying path of the conveying component and is used to perform outer diameter measurement on the piston workpiece to be inspected during the conveying process; The control mechanism includes a feeding component, a discharging component, a conveying component, and a measuring component, all of which are electrically coupled to the control mechanism to receive centralized control and command interaction from the control mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the feeding assembly includes a feeding rack, a feeding tray, and a movable clamping assembly; wherein, the feeding rack is connected to the operating platform, the feeding tray is placed inside the feeding rack, and the piston workpiece to be tested is placed inside the feeding tray, and the movable clamping assembly is disposed on the operating platform for moving the piston workpiece to be tested in the feeding tray to the input end of the conveying assembly.

[0007] Further: The feeding assembly includes a drive switching assembly, a switching channel, a waste box, a feeding rack, a feeding tray, and a second movable clamping assembly; wherein, the drive switching assembly is disposed on the operating platform and located at the output end of the conveying assembly, the switching channel is mounted on the drive switching assembly, the waste box is disposed on the operating platform, the switching channel is composed of several linearly arranged sub-packing channels, one of the sub-packing channels is through at both ends and its end corresponds to the waste box, the feeding rack is connected to the operating platform and there are several of them, and the feeding tray is placed in each feeding rack; Each of the aforementioned dispensing channels is rotatably connected to several rollers, which are arranged equidistantly along a straight line.

[0008] Based on the aforementioned scheme: the drive switching component includes a moving chamber, a lead screw, a drive motor, and a drive block; wherein, the moving chamber is connected to the operating platform, the drive motor is installed on the end of the moving chamber, the lead screw is rotatably connected to the inside of the moving chamber, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the end of the lead screw, a moving block is threaded onto the lead screw, one end of the drive block is connected to the moving block, and the other end of the drive block is connected to each dispensing channel.

[0009] A better solution among the aforementioned solutions is that the first and second mobile clamping components have the same structure and both include a support block, a moving box, a telescopic curtain, a second lead screw, a second drive motor, a moving frame, a first lifting cylinder, a clamping cylinder, and a clamping plate. The support block is connected to the operating platform, the movable box is connected to the support block, the top of the movable box has an opening and is connected to the telescopic curtain, the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the inside of the movable box, the second drive motor is installed on the end of the movable box, the output end of the second drive motor is connected to the end of the second lead screw, the second lead screw is threaded with a second movable block, the top of the second movable block passes through the telescopic curtain and is connected to one end of the movable frame, and the telescopic curtain is connected to the second movable block, the first lifting cylinder is installed on the end of the movable frame away from the second movable block, the clamping cylinder is connected to the movable end of the first lifting cylinder, and there are two clamping plates, which are respectively installed on the two movable ends of the clamping cylinder.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the conveying assembly includes a feeding conveyor belt, a conveyor belt to be inspected, and a discharging conveyor belt; wherein, the feeding conveyor belt, the conveyor belt to be inspected, and the discharging conveyor belt are arranged in a straight line, the input end of the feeding conveyor belt corresponds to the feeding assembly, the output end of the discharging conveyor belt corresponds to the discharging assembly, the input end of the conveyor belt to be inspected is connected to the output end of the feeding conveyor belt, and the output end of the conveyor belt to be inspected is connected to the input end of the discharging conveyor belt.

[0011] Meanwhile, two protective strips are symmetrically provided on the feeding conveyor belt, the conveyor belt to be tested, and the unloading conveyor belt, and a conveying channel suitable for the piston workpiece to pass through is formed between the two protective strips; a pre-inspection bracket is provided on the conveying path of the conveyor belt to be tested, and an inductive outer diameter detection device is installed on the pre-inspection bracket, with the sensing end of the inductive outer diameter detection device facing the conveyor belt to be tested.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a longitudinal support is provided on the conveying path of the feeding conveyor belt, and a cleaning brush is connected to the longitudinal support, the surface of the cleaning brush being in contact with the piston to be tested being conveyed on the feeding conveyor belt.

[0013] Meanwhile, the measuring component includes a device plate, a transverse moving cylinder, a second lifting cylinder, a stabilizing block, a rotating bracket, and rotating rollers. A detection space is provided between the output end of the conveyor belt to be tested and the input end of the unloading conveyor belt. The measuring component is positioned within this detection space. The device plate is connected to the operating platform and is perpendicular to the platform surface. The transverse moving cylinder is mounted on the device plate. The second lifting cylinder is connected to the movable end of the transverse moving cylinder. The stabilizing block is connected to the movable end of the second lifting cylinder. The rotating bracket is fixedly connected to the operating platform. Two rotating rollers are symmetrically connected to the rotating bracket, and the symmetry line of the two rotating rollers is parallel to the conveying path of the conveying component. The two rotating rollers are located below the stabilizing block. A dovetail groove is provided at the end of the stabilizing block closest to the rotating rollers, forming a rotating channel between the stabilizing block and the two rotating rollers.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the measuring assembly further includes two adjusting brackets, two photoelectric detection sensors, and a measuring instrument; wherein, the adjusting brackets are fixedly connected to the operating platform, and the adjusting brackets have through adjusting slots; the photoelectric detection sensors are connected to the adjusting slots of the adjusting brackets by bolt mechanisms, and the sensing end of the photoelectric detection sensors faces the rotating channel; the measuring instrument is located at the end of the rotating roller away from the conveyor belt to be tested.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention automatically picks up the piston to be tested by the feeding component and sends it to the conveying component. The conveying component continuously transports the workpiece, the measuring component automatically completes positioning and outer diameter detection, and the unloading component automatically grades and sorts the workpieces. The entire process requires no manual intervention in feeding, positioning, unloading, and sorting operations, reducing labor intensity. Moreover, relying on the precise transmission of the mechanical structure and the automated data acquisition of the pneumatic probe, it avoids the experience-dependent errors of manual caliper measurement, resulting in more objective and accurate measurement data. All components are centrally coordinated through the control mechanism, and the feeding, conveying, detection, and sorting cycles are closely linked. Furthermore, the pre-inspection stage removes invalid workpieces in advance, reducing the time spent on invalid measurements and meeting the high-volume testing needs of the production line.

[0016] 2. This invention features a linear and precisely connected feeding conveyor, inspection conveyor, and unloading conveyor. The movements of the moving clamping component, conveying component, measuring component, and sorting component are linked by a control mechanism, eliminating manual intervention and improving overall process continuity. The inductive outer diameter detection device on the pre-inspection bracket quickly performs preliminary screening, eliminating workpieces with significantly out-of-tolerance diameters and reducing the unnecessary load on subsequent precise measurements. The pneumatic probe can statically collect data from two sets of points to complete the outer diameter measurement of five cross-sections, and the data is transmitted to the control mechanism in real time, resulting in faster detection speed.

[0017] 3. In the measuring component of the present invention, two rotating rollers are symmetrically arranged and their symmetry line is parallel to the conveying path. After the stabilizing block is pressed down by the second lifting cylinder, the dovetail groove and the rotating roller form a closed rotating channel, which restricts the axial displacement of the piston. When the rotating roller drives the piston to rotate, the photoelectric detection sensor detects the hole position on the side of the piston and locks the angle to ensure that the cross section is consistent each time and avoids measurement errors caused by eccentricity and tilt.

[0018] 4. This invention uses a cleaning brush on the feeding conveyor belt path to contact the piston surface, which can remove impurities such as iron filings and dust attached during the production process, avoiding the impurities from affecting the fit between the measuring end and the workpiece surface, and indirectly improving the measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This invention proposes an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device. Figure 1 Partial structural diagram; Figure 3 This invention proposes an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device. Figure 2 Front view; Figure 4 This invention proposes an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle section; Figure 5This invention proposes an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the middle section; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the measuring component of an automatic piston outer diameter measuring and sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive switching component structure of an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the piston workpiece structure of an automatic piston outer diameter measurement and sorting device proposed in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Equipment cabinet; 2. Floor-standing electrical cabinet; 3. Profile frame cover; 4. Operating platform; 5. Loading assembly; 6. Unloading assembly; 7. Conveying assembly; 8. Loading rack; 9. Loading tray; 10. Drive switching assembly; 11. Switching channel; 12. Waste box; 13. Unloading rack; 14. Unloading tray; 15. Dispensing channel; 16. Roller; 17. Moving compartment; 18. Lead screw one; 19. Drive motor one; 20. Driving block; 21. Support block; 22. Moving box; 23. Telescopic curtain; 24. Lead screw two; 25. Drive motor two; 26. Moving... Frame; 27. Lifting cylinder one; 28. Clamping cylinder; 29. ​​Clamping plate; 30. Moving block two; 31. Feeding conveyor belt; 32. Conveyor belt to be inspected; 33. Unloading conveyor belt; 34. Protective strip; 35. Pre-inspection bracket; 36. Longitudinal bracket; 37. Cleaning brush; 38. Device plate; 39. Lateral moving cylinder; 40. Lifting cylinder two; 41. Stabilizing block; 42. Rotating bracket; 43. Rotating roller; 44. Dovetail groove; 45. Adjusting bracket; 46. Photoelectric detection sensor; 47. Audible and visual alarm; 48. Pneumatic probe; 50. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] An automatic piston outer diameter measuring and sorting device, such as Figures 1-8 As shown, it includes: equipment cabinet 1, loading assembly 5, unloading assembly 6, conveying assembly 7, measuring assembly, and control mechanism; The equipment cabinet 1 includes a floor-standing electrical cabinet 2 and a profile frame cover 3 mounted on the floor-standing electrical cabinet 2. The floor-standing electrical cabinet 2 is equipped with a planar operating platform 4. An audible and visual alarm 47 is installed on the profile frame cover 3 to ensure stable equipment operation and operator safety. A loading assembly 5 and a unloading assembly 6 are located at opposite ends of the operating platform 4. The input and output ends of the conveying assembly 7 are respectively connected to the loading assembly 5 and the unloading assembly 6. The loading assembly 5 is used to send the piston workpiece to be tested to the input end of the conveying assembly 7, and the conveying assembly 7 is used to support and convey the piston workpiece to be tested to the unloading assembly 6. A measuring component is configured on the conveying assembly 7. Along the path, it is used to perform outer diameter size detection on the piston workpiece to be inspected during the conveying process; the feeding component 5, unloading component 6, conveying component 7 and measuring component are electrically coupled to the control mechanism to receive centralized control and command interaction from the control mechanism. The control mechanism includes a controller 50 installed on the profile frame cover 3 and a control module located in the controller 50. The control module has complete data storage, statistical analysis and export functions, and can record the measurement data, grading results and equipment operating status of each batch of piston workpieces, which is convenient for production quality traceability and analysis. The controller 50 is equipped with a color touch screen with an intuitive operation interface and supports automatic and manual mode switching.

[0024] The feeding assembly 5 includes a feeding rack 8, a feeding tray 9, and a movable clamping assembly 1; wherein, the feeding rack 8 is connected to the operating platform 4, the feeding tray 9 is placed inside the feeding rack 8, and the piston workpiece to be tested is placed inside the feeding tray 9, and the movable clamping assembly 1 is set on the operating platform 4 for moving the piston workpiece to be tested in the feeding tray 9 to the input end of the conveying assembly 7. The unloading assembly 6 includes a drive switching assembly 10, a switching channel 11, a waste box 12, an unloading rack 13, and an unloading tray 14. The drive switching assembly 10 is mounted on the operating platform 4 and located at the output end of the conveying assembly 7. The switching channel 11 is mounted on the drive switching assembly 10, and the waste box 12 is mounted on the operating platform 4. The switching channel 11 is composed of several linearly arranged sub-packing channels 15, one of which is open at both ends and its end corresponds to the waste box 12. The unloading rack 13 is connected to the operating platform 4 and consists of several of them. Each unloading rack 13 contains an unloading tray 14. In order to reduce the friction between the piston workpiece and the sub-packing channel 15 and to avoid wear on the piston workpiece during movement, several rollers 16 are rotatably connected in each sub-packing channel 15. The rollers 16 are equidistantly arranged along a straight line. The rollers 16 can increase the smoothness of the piston workpiece movement while preventing wear on the piston workpiece. The sub-packing channels 15 are set to at least 6, and the piston-mounted workpieces are divided into qualified and unqualified groups. The sub-packing channels 15 with both ends connected correspond to the unqualified group, while the remaining sub-packing channels 15 correspond to the qualified group.

[0025] The drive switching assembly 10 includes a movable chamber 17, a lead screw 18, a drive motor 19, a drive block 20, and a movable clamping assembly 2. The movable chamber 17 is connected to the operating platform 4. The drive motor 19 is installed on the end of the movable chamber 17. The lead screw 18 is rotatably connected to the inside of the movable chamber 17, and the output end of the drive motor 19 is connected to the end of the lead screw 18. A movable block 1 is threaded onto the lead screw 18. One end of the drive block 20 is connected to the movable block 1, and the other end of the drive block 20 is connected to each dispensing channel 15.

[0026] The movable clamping assembly one and the movable clamping assembly two have the same structure and both include a support block 21, a movable box 22, a telescopic curtain 23, a lead screw two 24, a drive motor two 25, a movable frame 26, a lifting cylinder one 27, a clamping cylinder 28, and a clamping plate 29. The support block 21 is connected to the operating platform 4, the movable box 22 is connected to the support block 21, the top of the movable box 22 has an opening and is connected to the telescopic curtain 23, the second lead screw 24 is rotatably connected to the inside of the movable box 22, the second drive motor 25 is installed on the end of the movable box 22, the output end of the second drive motor 25 is connected to the end of the second lead screw 24, the second lead screw 24 is threadedly connected to the second movable block 30, the top of the second movable block 30 passes through the telescopic curtain 23 and is connected to one end of the movable frame 26, and the telescopic curtain 23 is connected to the second movable block 30, the first lifting cylinder 27 is installed on the end of the movable frame 26 away from the second movable block 30, the clamping cylinder 28 is connected to the movable end of the first lifting cylinder 27, there are two clamping plates 29, the two clamping plates 29 are respectively installed on the two movable ends of the clamping cylinder 28, and the clamping force of the clamping cylinder 28 can be adjusted by the controller 50 to avoid damaging the piston workpiece.

[0027] The conveying assembly 7 includes a feeding conveyor belt 31, a testing conveyor belt 32, and a discharging conveyor belt 33. The feeding conveyor belt 31, the testing conveyor belt 32, and the discharging conveyor belt 33 are arranged in a straight line. The input end of the feeding conveyor belt 31 corresponds to the feeding assembly 5, the output end of the discharging conveyor belt 33 corresponds to the discharging assembly 6, the input end of the testing conveyor belt 32 is connected to the output end of the feeding conveyor belt 31, and the output end of the testing conveyor belt 32 is connected to the input end of the discharging conveyor belt 33.

[0028] Two protective strips 34 are symmetrically arranged on the feeding conveyor belt 31, the inspection conveyor belt 32, and the unloading conveyor belt 33, forming a conveying channel suitable for the piston workpiece to pass through between the two protective strips 34; a pre-inspection bracket 35 is provided on the conveying path of the inspection conveyor belt 32, and an inductive outer diameter detection device is installed on the pre-inspection bracket 35. The sensing end of the inductive outer diameter detection device faces the inspection conveyor belt 32. While performing preliminary inspection on the piston workpiece, the inductive outer diameter detection device rejects piston workpieces with incorrect diameter, reduces invalid measurements, and improves the overall inspection efficiency.

[0029] A longitudinal support 36 is provided on the conveying path of the feeding conveyor belt 31. A cleaning brush 37 is connected to the longitudinal support 36. The surface of the cleaning brush 37 is in contact with the piston to be tested conveyed on the feeding conveyor belt 31. The cleaning brush 37 is used to remove dust from the surface of the piston workpiece to avoid impurities affecting the measurement accuracy.

[0030] The measuring assembly includes a device plate 38, a transverse movement cylinder 39, a second lifting cylinder 40, a stabilizing block 41, a rotating bracket 42, and a rotating roller 43. A detection space is provided between the output end of the conveyor belt 32 to be tested and the input end of the unloading conveyor belt 33. The measuring assembly is positioned within this detection space. The device plate 38 is connected to the operating platform 4 and is perpendicular to its surface. The transverse movement cylinder 39 is mounted on the device plate 38. The second lifting cylinder 40 is connected to the movable end of the transverse movement cylinder 39. The stabilizing block 41 is connected to the movable end of the second lifting cylinder 40. The rotating bracket 42 is fixedly connected to the operating platform 4 and rotates... Two rollers 43 are symmetrically connected to the rotating bracket 42, and the symmetry line of the two rotating rollers 43 is parallel to the conveying path of the conveying component 7. The two rotating rollers 43 are located below the stabilizing block 41. The end of the stabilizing block 41 near the rotating rollers 43 is provided with a dovetail groove 44. A rotating channel is formed between the stabilizing block 41 and the two rotating rollers 43. When the rotating rollers 43 drive the piston workpiece to rotate, the moving end of the lifting cylinder moves down, driving the stabilizing block 41 closer to the rotating rollers 43. Under the action of the dovetail groove 44 on the stabilizing block 41, the posture of the piston workpiece can be kept stable during measurement and rotation, avoiding measurement errors caused by axial displacement.

[0031] The measuring assembly also includes two adjusting brackets 45, two photoelectric detection sensors 46, and a measuring instrument; wherein, the adjusting brackets 45 are fixedly connected to the operating platform 4, and the adjusting brackets 45 have through adjusting slots; the photoelectric detection sensors 46 are connected to the adjusting slots of the adjusting brackets 45 by bolts, and the sensing end of the photoelectric detection sensors 46 faces the rotating channel; the measuring instrument is located at the end of the rotating roller 43 away from the conveyor belt 32 to be tested. After the conveyor belt 32 transports the piston workpiece to the designated position, it drives the rotating roller 43 to rotate, which in turn drives the piston workpiece to rotate. The photoelectric detection sensor 46 stops after detecting the hole on the side of the piston workpiece. The two photoelectric detection sensors 46 can determine the position angle of the piston workpiece to ensure the consistency of the measurement section. The measuring instrument is equipped with a pneumatic probe 48 at the measuring end. Before use, each pneumatic probe 48 can be fixed using existing pre-adjusted tooling. When changing the type of workpiece, the measuring instrument and its pneumatic probe 48 are replaced as a whole and installed and calibrated to ensure the positional accuracy after each replacement. This device adopts a pneumatic measurement method. Its core components are a pneumatic probe 48 customized based on existing probes and a probe pre-adjustment fixture. Each probe corresponds to a set of dedicated fixtures. When changing the type of piston, the entire pre-adjustment fixture with the probe can be replaced to ensure positioning accuracy. The pneumatic probe 48 statically collects two sets of points and automatically measures the outer diameter of five cross-sections of the piston. The measurement data is transmitted to the control mechanism in real time. Before measurement, five workpieces need to be placed in front of the probe, without obstructing the photoelectric detection sensor 46. At the same time, the measuring instrument is calibrated. The calibration interval is no greater than the time set by the timing to ensure stable measurement accuracy.

[0032] like Figures 1-8 As shown, in this embodiment, when the device is connected to an AC220V±10% power supply and a 0.4MPa clean, dry air source, the control mechanism starts a self-test program, and the green light on the audible and visual alarm 47 on the profile frame cover 3 illuminates, indicating that the equipment is ready. The operator uses the color touchscreen of the controller 50 to retrieve the specifications of the piston to be tested and the corresponding probe parameters based on the formula management function. The operator replaces the appropriate measuring instrument and locks the probe height using the probe pre-adjustment fixture. Five piston workpieces are placed in front of the probe, the pneumatic measuring instrument calibration is started, and the timing is set, completing the pre-measurement preparation. The operator first neatly places a batch of piston workpieces to be inspected into the loading tray 9 in the loading rack 8. Then, the operator completes the parameter configuration on the color touch screen of the controller 50 on the profile frame cover 3. After the control mechanism issues the loading command, the moving clamping component 1 is immediately started: the drive motor 25 is powered on and rotates, driving the lead screw 24 in the moving box 22 to rotate. The moving block 30 on the lead screw 24 slides horizontally along the lead screw axis, synchronously driving the moving frame 26 connected at the top to move horizontally. The telescopic curtain 23 at the top of the moving box 22 extends and retracts adaptively with the movement of the moving block 30, effectively blocking dust and impurities from entering the interior of the moving box 22 and ensuring the cleanliness of the transmission mechanism. When the moving frame 26 moves directly above the loading tray 9, the second drive motor 25 stops, and the movable end of the first lifting cylinder 27 extends downward, sending the clamping cylinder 28 and the two clamping plates 29 to both sides of the piston workpiece. After the clamping cylinder 28 is ventilated, the two movable ends retract relative to each other, and the clamping plates 29 smoothly clamp the piston workpiece. Then, the first lifting cylinder 27 resets and lifts up, removing the workpiece from the loading tray 9. The second drive motor 25 starts again, driving the second moving block 30 to move towards the input end of the loading conveyor belt 31 of the conveying assembly 7. After reaching the designated position, the first lifting cylinder 27 moves down, the clamping cylinder 28 releases, and the piston workpiece is accurately placed in the conveying channel of the loading conveyor belt 31. The first moving clamping assembly quickly resets, ready for the next loading, realizing continuous automatic loading. The feeding conveyor belt 31 starts, and the piston workpiece is conveyed forward in a straight line within the conveying channel formed by two symmetrical protective strips 34. The protective strips 34 effectively prevent the workpiece from shifting or falling. When the workpiece passes the cleaning brush 37 on the longitudinal support 36, the brush makes flexible contact with the workpiece surface, thoroughly removing iron filings, dust, and other impurities attached during the production process, thus preventing impurities from affecting the accuracy of subsequent measurements. The workpiece is smoothly connected to the inspection conveyor belt 32 at the end of the feeding conveyor belt 31 and continues to be conveyed to the inspection area. The protective strips 34 on the inspection conveyor belt 32 maintain the stability of the workpiece's conveying posture. The inductive outer diameter detection device mounted on the pre-inspection bracket 35 on the conveyor belt 32 to be inspected works continuously, and its sensing end scans the passing piston workpieces in real time. When the outer diameter of the workpiece is detected to be significantly beyond the preset range, the device immediately transmits the signal of the invalid workpiece to the control mechanism, marking the workpiece as a defective product to be rejected. The subsequent sorting process will directly guide it to the waste box 12 without entering the precise measurement process, which greatly reduces the time spent on invalid measurements and improves the overall inspection efficiency. Qualified candidate workpieces that have passed pre-inspection are conveyed to the inspection space between the inspection conveyor belt 32 and the unloading conveyor belt 33, at which point the inspection conveyor belt 32 stops running. The control mechanism commands the lateral movement cylinder 39 to move, driving the lifting cylinder 40 and the stabilizing block 41 to move horizontally towards the rotating roller 43; then the movable end of the lifting cylinder 40 extends downward, the stabilizing block 41 moves down, and its bottom dovetail groove 44 forms a closed rotation channel with the two symmetrically arranged rotating rollers 43, precisely limiting the piston workpiece and avoiding eccentricity or tilting during measurement. Immediately afterwards, the rotating roller 43 starts to rotate, driving the workpiece to rotate synchronously. The photoelectric detection sensor 46 captures the side features of the workpiece in real time. When the hole position on the side of the workpiece is detected, a signal is immediately sent to the control mechanism, and the rotating roller 43 stops instantly. Through the coordinated positioning of the two photoelectric detection sensors 46, the consistency of the workpiece measurement cross section is ensured. Subsequently, the pneumatic probe 48 of the measuring instrument quickly approaches the workpiece, statically collects two sets of point data, and automatically completes the measurement of the outer diameter of five cross sections. The measurement data is transmitted in real time to the control module of the control mechanism for analysis and processing. After the measurement is completed, the lifting cylinder 40 moves upward, the lateral movement cylinder 39 resets, and the unloading conveyor belt 33 starts to transport the measured workpiece to the sorting area. The control mechanism determines the workpiece accuracy level based on measurement data. Specifically, if the workpiece is defective, the drive motor 19 of the switching assembly 10 starts, causing the lead screw 18 in the moving chamber 17 to rotate. The moving block on the lead screw 18 drives the moving block 20 and the entire switching channel 11 to translate, aligning the two-way through-flow sub-packing channel 15 with the output end of the unloading conveyor belt 33. After the workpiece enters the channel, it slides smoothly into the waste box 12 under the action of the internally equidistant rollers 16. If the workpiece is qualified, according to the corresponding accuracy level, the drive motor 19 drives the switching channel 11 to move, so that the matching sub-packing channel 15 connects with the output end of the unloading conveyor belt 33. The workpiece is guided by the rollers 16 and slides into the unloading tray 14 in the corresponding unloading rack 13, completing the grading and sorting. The switching channel 11 is equipped with at least 6 sub-packing channels 15, which can meet the sorting requirements of 5 qualified accuracy levels and 1 unqualified level, realizing multi-dimensional grading. During operation, the audible and visual alarm 47 on the profile frame cover 3 monitors the operating status in real time. If any abnormalities occur, such as material jamming, calibration timeout, or sensor malfunction, an audible and visual alarm will be issued immediately, the control mechanism will pause the equipment operation, and the fault information will be displayed on the touch screen. The control module synchronously stores the measurement data, grading results, and equipment operating parameters for each batch of workpieces, and supports data export, facilitating production quality traceability and process optimization.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus characterized by, include: Equipment cabinet (1), the equipment cabinet (1) includes a floor-standing electrical cabinet (2) and a profile frame cover (3) installed on the floor-standing electrical cabinet (2), and the floor-standing electrical cabinet (2) is equipped with a planar operating platform (4); The loading assembly (5) and the unloading assembly (6) are located at opposite ends of the operating platform (4); The conveying assembly (7) has its input end and output end connected to the loading assembly (5) and the unloading assembly (6) respectively. The loading assembly (5) is used to send the piston workpiece to be tested to the input end of the conveying assembly (7). The conveying assembly (7) is used to support and convey the piston workpiece to be tested to the unloading assembly (6). The conveying assembly (7) includes a feeding conveyor belt (31), a testing conveyor belt (32), and a discharging conveyor belt (33); A pre-inspection bracket (35) is provided on the conveying path of the conveyor belt (32) to be inspected. An inductive outer diameter detection device is installed on the pre-inspection bracket (35), and the sensing end of the inductive outer diameter detection device faces the conveyor belt (32) to be inspected. The measuring component is configured on the conveying path of the conveying component (7) and is used to perform outer diameter measurement on the piston workpiece to be inspected during the conveying process; The control mechanism includes the feeding component (5), unloading component (6), conveying component (7), and measuring component, which are electrically coupled to the control mechanism to receive centralized control and command interaction from the control mechanism. The measuring assembly includes a device plate (38), a transverse moving cylinder (39), a second lifting cylinder (40), a stabilizing block (41), a rotating bracket (42), and a rotating roller (43); wherein, a detection space is provided between the output end of the conveyor belt to be tested (32) and the input end of the unloading conveyor belt (33), the measuring assembly is set at the detection space, the device plate (38) is connected to the operating platform (4) and is perpendicular to the surface of the operating platform (4), the transverse moving cylinder (39) is mounted on the device plate (38), and the second lifting cylinder (40) is connected to the transverse moving cylinder (39). On the movable end, the stabilizing block (41) is connected to the movable end of the lifting cylinder (40), the rotating bracket (42) is fixedly connected to the operating platform (4), the rotating roller (43) is provided as two, and is symmetrically rotated and connected to the rotating bracket (42), and the symmetry line of the two rotating rollers (43) is parallel to the conveying path of the conveying component (7). The two rotating rollers (43) are located below the stabilizing block (41), and a dovetail groove (44) is provided at one end of the stabilizing block (41) near the rotating roller (43). A rotating channel is formed between the stabilizing block (41) and the two rotating rollers (43).

2. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The feeding assembly (5) includes a feeding rack (8), a feeding tray (9), and a movable clamping assembly; wherein the feeding rack (8) is connected to the operating platform (4), the feeding tray (9) is placed inside the feeding rack (8), and the piston workpiece to be tested is placed inside the feeding tray (9), and the movable clamping assembly is set on the operating platform (4) for moving the piston workpiece to be tested inside the feeding tray (9) to the input end of the conveying assembly (7).

3. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, The feeding assembly (6) includes a drive switching assembly (10), a switching channel (11), a waste box (12), a feeding rack (13), a feeding tray (14), and a moving clamping assembly; wherein, the drive switching assembly (10) is set on the operating platform (4) and located at the output end of the conveying assembly (7), the switching channel (11) is installed on the drive switching assembly (10), the waste box (12) is set on the operating platform (4), the switching channel (11) is composed of several linearly arranged sub-packing channels (15), one of the sub-packing channels (15) is connected at both ends and its end corresponds to the waste box (12), the feeding rack (13) is connected to the operating platform (4) and is set in several, and the feeding tray (14) is placed in each feeding rack (13). Each of the sub-packing channels (15) is rotatably connected to several rollers (16), and the several rollers (16) are equidistantly arranged along a straight line.

4. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The drive switching assembly (10) includes a moving chamber (17), a lead screw (18), a drive motor (19), and a drive block (20); wherein, the moving chamber (17) is connected to the operating platform (4), the drive motor (19) is installed on the end of the moving chamber (17), the lead screw (18) is rotatably connected to the inside of the moving chamber (17), and the output end of the drive motor (19) is connected to the end of the lead screw (18), the lead screw (18) is threadedly connected to the moving block, one end of the drive block (20) is connected to the moving block, and the other end of the drive block (20) is connected to each dispensing channel (15).

5. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The first and second mobile clamping components have the same structure and both include a support block (21), a mobile box (22), a telescopic curtain (23), a second lead screw (24), a second drive motor (25), a mobile frame (26), a first lifting cylinder (27), a clamping cylinder (28), and a clamping plate (29). The support block (21) is connected to the operating platform (4), the movable box (22) is connected to the support block (21), the top of the movable box (22) has an opening and is connected to the telescopic curtain (23), the second lead screw (24) is rotatably connected to the inside of the movable box (22), the second drive motor (25) is installed on the end of the movable box (22), the output end of the second drive motor (25) is connected to the end of the second lead screw (24), and the second lead screw (24) is threaded with the second movable block (23). 30), the top of the second movable block (30) passes through the telescopic curtain (23) and is connected to one end of the movable frame (26), and the telescopic curtain (23) is connected to the second movable block (30). The first lifting cylinder (27) is installed on the end of the movable frame (26) away from the second movable block (30). The clamping cylinder (28) is connected to the movable end of the first lifting cylinder (27). There are two clamping plates (29), and the two clamping plates (29) are respectively installed on the two movable ends of the clamping cylinder (28).

6. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The feeding conveyor belt (31), the conveyor belt to be tested (32), and the unloading conveyor belt (33) are arranged in a straight line. The input end of the feeding conveyor belt (31) corresponds to the feeding component (5), the output end of the unloading conveyor belt (33) corresponds to the unloading component (6), the input end of the conveyor belt to be tested (32) is connected to the output end of the feeding conveyor belt (31), and the output end of the conveyor belt to be tested (32) is connected to the input end of the unloading conveyor belt (33).

7. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein Two protective strips (34) are symmetrically provided on the feeding conveyor belt (31), the inspection conveyor belt (32), and the unloading conveyor belt (33), and a conveying channel suitable for the piston workpiece to pass through is formed between the two protective strips (34).

8. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, A longitudinal support (36) is provided on the conveying path of the feeding conveyor belt (31), and a cleaning brush (37) is connected on the longitudinal support (36). The surface of the cleaning brush (37) is in contact with the piston to be tested conveyed on the feeding conveyor belt (31).

9. A piston outside diameter automatic measuring and sorting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The measuring assembly also includes two adjusting brackets (45), two photoelectric detection sensors (46), and a measuring instrument; wherein, the adjusting brackets (45) are fixedly connected to the operating platform (4), and the adjusting brackets (45) have through adjusting slots, the photoelectric detection sensors (46) are connected to the adjusting slots of the adjusting brackets (45) by bolts, and the sensing end of the photoelectric detection sensors (46) faces the rotating channel, and the measuring instrument is located at the end of the rotating roller (43) away from the conveyor belt (32) to be tested.

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