Ready-to-use hand sanitizer system for driving program efficiency, sustainability and compliance through improved composition and air to product pumping ratio

Abstract

Disclosed herein are foaming compositions that efficiently remove soil from surfaces and tissues, the foaming compositions comprising a primary surfactant, a co-surfactant, a foam accelerator, and optionally a solvent. Also disclosed are methods of removing dirt from surfaces and tissues, including hands, using the foaming compositions. In particular, the composition is preferably dispensed at a high composition to air ratio via a pump, which significantly reduces waste while still maintaining effective foaming, dirt removal and user experience.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 579,202, filed August 28, 2023, pursuant to 35 USC § 119, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, including but not limited to the drawings, tables, embodiments, and claims. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to a hand sanitizer system utilizing a foaming hand sanitizer composition, wherein the air-to-composition ratio increases product lifespan, enhances sustainability, and reduces packaging waste without affecting cleaning efficacy or user experience. Background Technology

[0004] Effective hand hygiene is recognized as an effective way to reduce the spread of pathogens and dirt in various environments, such as the food service and healthcare industries. Good hand hygiene is facilitated by a combination of effective product chemistry and efficient product dispensing solutions. Existing hand hygiene systems often suffer from inefficient product dispensing, where too much or too little product is dispensed in a single action. Too little product reduces cleaning effectiveness or forces users to use multiple doses to achieve adequate cleaning power. Alternatively, excessive product dispensing leads to product waste, increased frequency of soap dispenser replacements, reduced sustainability, and a poor user experience.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to develop a hand hygiene system that delivers a certain volume and concentration of product to maximize cleaning effectiveness and minimize waste.

[0006] While products can be dispensed in various forms (e.g., liquid, solid), foam products are particularly desirable in many applications because they mix with air to produce a large volume of easily dispensed product. However, many foaming hand hygiene systems suffer from defects such as loss of activation and poor foam production. In such cases, the user must activate the pump once or multiple times to generate foam, or the product is dispensed as a low-foaming liquid. These defects lead to a poor user experience and may reduce cleaning effectiveness.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need to develop improved foaming hand hygiene systems in which the cleaning composition exhibits phase stability and foam stability, particularly when combined with air to generate foam.

[0008] There is also a need to develop improved foaming hand hygiene systems in which the cleaning composition generates stable foam throughout the surface washing process (e.g., hand washing), preferably lasting from about 30 seconds to about 60 seconds.

[0009] These and other objects, advantages and features of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the claims set forth herein. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This document discloses a foaming composition comprising:

[0011] Main surfactant;

[0012] Auxiliary surfactants;

[0013] Foaming agents;

[0014] and optional solvents.

[0015] In an embodiment, the composition is a ready-to-use (RTU) liquid that, when dispensed from a pump, has an air-to-composition ratio between about 22-28 and about 1.

[0016] In the implementation scheme, the main surfactant is sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, ether carboxylic acid, sulfonated fatty acid, cationic surfactant, salt of C12-C16 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, lauryl dimethylamine oxide, myristyl dimethylamine oxide, cetyl dimethylamine oxide, or a combination thereof.

[0017] In the implementation scheme, the auxiliary surfactant is a C8-C16 alkyl polyglucan, a C12-C16 alkyl polyglucan, lauryl / myristyl glucan, or a combination thereof.

[0018] In the implementation scheme, the foam promoter is caprylic / capric triglyceride, sorbitol sesquicaprylate, phospholipid, polyethylene glycol, caprylic / capric monoglyceride, cocamidopropyl PG-dimethylammonium chloride, cocamidopropyl betaine, or a combination thereof.

[0019] In the implementation scheme, the solvent is an alcohol, an alkanolamine, an etheramine, an ethylene glycol ether, hexanediol, or a combination thereof.

[0020] In an embodiment, the composition comprises: about 1% to about 15% by weight of a primary surfactant; about 0.25% to about 5% by weight of an auxiliary surfactant; about 0.25% to about 5% by weight of a foam promoter; and up to about 5% by weight of a solvent.

[0021] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises additional functional ingredients. These additional functional ingredients include water, preservatives, pH adjusters, viscosity modifiers, skin-health agents, antimicrobial agents, water-soluble regulators, fragrances, dyes, water-soluble growth promoters, buffers, additional surfactants, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, skin-health agents include glycerin, aloe vera, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, vitamin E, panthenol, urea, methyl gluceth-20, sorbitol, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the skin-health agent is present in an amount from about 0.2% by weight to about 2% by weight.

[0022] In the embodiments, the pH of the composition is from about 4 to about 9.5.

[0023] In the implementation scheme, the composition is a foaming hand sanitizer.

[0024] In the implementation plan, the hand sanitizer will not irritate the user's skin, and the hand sanitizer will not leave any residue on the user's skin.

[0025] In the embodiments, the composition has a viscosity of less than 50 Cp.s.

[0026] In one embodiment, the composition has a density of about 18 ml / g to about 27 ml / g. In another embodiment, the composition has a density of about 18 ml / g to about 25 ml / g. In yet another embodiment, the composition has a density of about 18 ml / g to about 22 ml / g.

[0027] A method for removing dirt from tissues or surfaces is also disclosed, the method comprising:

[0028] Applying the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17 to a tissue or surface; and removing dirt from the tissue or surface.

[0029] In an embodiment, the method further includes the step of dispensing the composition.

[0030] In an embodiment of the method, a foaming pump is used to dispense the composition. In another embodiment of the method, the composition is dispensed from the foaming pump at a dose of about 0.3 ml to about 0.8 ml or at most 1.0 ml.

[0031] In this implementation, the tissue is skin. In this implementation, the surface is a hard surface, including tables, countertops, tiles, floors, walls, panels, windows, and food processing surfaces. In this implementation, the surface is a soft surface, including paper or textiles. In this implementation, the method does not require a pump start-up step. In this implementation, the method does not require a pump start-up step more than once.

[0032] While several embodiments have been disclosed, other embodiments of this disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description illustrating exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. The foregoing overview is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, other aspects, embodiments, and features of the present technology will become apparent from the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the illustrative embodiments shown and described below.

[0033] The methods and compositions described herein, including each individual step of the methods and the components of the compositions, can be combined with any other methods and compositions described herein. Each feature of the techniques described herein can be combined with any one or more other features of this disclosure; for example, the methods can be used with any variation of the compositions described herein. Therefore, the accompanying drawings and detailed descriptions are to be considered illustrative rather than limiting. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 An evaluation of the average foam density of the compositions and control / comparative formulations according to this disclosure is shown.

[0035] Figure 2 Additional evaluations of the average foam density of the compositions and control / comparative formulations according to this disclosure are shown.

[0036] Figure 3 The percentage of grease and dirt removed is shown.

[0037] Figure 4 It describes the changes in overall user behavior (i.e., total allocation and repetition allocation) when using foam hand sanitizer.

[0038] Figure 5 The sensory group's product preferences are shown.

[0039] Figure 6 The differences in model predictions between products assessed by the sensory panel are illustrated.

[0040] Various embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. References to these embodiments do not limit the scope of this disclosure. The accompanying drawings, shown herein, are not intended to limit the various embodiments according to this disclosure, but are presented as illustrative examples. Detailed Implementation

[0041] This disclosure relates to foaming handwashing compositions that provide effective dirt removal and antimicrobial efficacy and are suitable for application to a variety of surfaces, such as skin surfaces. Methods for preparing and using the compositions are also disclosed herein.

[0042] One advantage is that the compositions and methods disclosed herein provide highly effective compositions even at low concentration doses. In particular, an advantage is that the compositions are dispensed at a high product-to-air ratio between about 22-28 and about 1.

[0043] Embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to a particular type of composition or method, and may vary. It should also be understood that all terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting in any way or scope. For example, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “an” and “the” may include plural indicators unless the context otherwise indicates. Unless otherwise indicated, “or” may mean either one alone or any combination thereof; for example, “A, B, or C” means identical to any one of A alone, B alone, C alone, “A and B,” “A and C,” “B and C,” or “A, B, and C.” Furthermore, all units, prefixes, and symbols may be represented in their SI-acceptable form.

[0044] The numerical ranges listed in the specification include the numbers that define the ranges and include every integer within the defined range. In this disclosure, various aspects of the disclosure may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the use of a range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, a description of a range should be considered to have explicitly disclosed all possible subranges, fractions, and individual numerical values ​​within the range. For example, a description of a range such as 1 to 6 should be considered to have explicitly disclosed subranges such as 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 3 to 6, etc., as well as individual numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and decimals and fractions, such as 1.2, 3.8, 1½, and 4¾. This applies regardless of the range width.

[0045] To facilitate a clearer understanding of this disclosure, certain terms are defined first. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of this disclosure pertain. Many similar, modified, or equivalent methods and materials described herein can be used in practice with respect to embodiments of this disclosure without excessive experimentation, and preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming embodiments of this disclosure, the following terms will be used in accordance with the definitions described below.

[0046] The terms “a” and “the” include both singular and plural references.

[0047] The term “or” is synonymous with “and / or” and refers to any one or a combination of members in a particular list.

[0048] As used herein, the term "about" refers to a quantity variation relative to any quantifiable variable (including, but not limited to, mass, volume, time, temperature, pH, reflectance, whiteness, etc.), which may occur through typical measuring techniques and equipment. Furthermore, considering the solid and liquid handling procedures used in the real world, certain oversights and variations exist, which may be due to differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients used to prepare the composition, or differences in the methods of execution, etc. The term "about" also covers quantities that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for the composition based on a particular initial mixture. The term "about" also covers these variations. Whether or not modified by the term "about," the claims include equivalents of this quantity.

[0049] The terms “active ingredient” or “active ingredient percentage” or “active ingredient weight percentage” or “active ingredient concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning, expressed as a percentage after deducting inert ingredients (such as water or salt).

[0050] As used herein, the term "substantially free" means that the composition is completely lacking in the component or contains such small amounts of the component that the component does not affect the performance of the composition. The component may be present as an impurity or as a contaminant and should be less than 0.5% by weight. In another embodiment, the amount of the component is less than 0.1% by weight, and in yet another embodiment, the amount of the component is less than 0.01% by weight.

[0051] As used herein, the terms "use solution," "ready-to-use," or variations thereof refer to a composition which is diluted, for example, with water to form a use composition having a desired component with an active ingredient for cleaning. For economic reasons, concentrates may be sold and end users may dilute concentrates into use solutions with water or an aqueous diluent.

[0052] As used herein, the terms “percentage by weight,” “weight%,” “percentage by weight,” “% by weight,” and their variations refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of the substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It should be understood that, as used herein, “percentage,” “%,” etc., are intended to be synonymous with “percentage by weight,” “weight%,” etc.

[0053] As used herein, the term "dirt" refers to polar or nonpolar organic or inorganic substances, including but not limited to carbohydrates, proteins, fats, oils, etc., which may or may not contain particulate matter such as mineral clay, sand, natural minerals, carbon black, graphite, kaolin, environmental dust, colorants, dyes, polymers, and oils. These substances may exist in their organic form or complexed with metals to form inorganic complexes. The terms "dirt" and "stain" include, but are not limited to, oil-based stains.

[0054] As used herein, “substituted” means an organic group (e.g., an alkyl group) in which one or more bonds to which hydrogen atoms are bonded are replaced by bonds to which non-hydrogen atoms or non-carbon atoms are bonded. Substituted groups also include groups in which one or more bonds to which carbon or hydrogen atoms are bonded are replaced by one or more bonds to which heteroatoms are bonded (including double or triple bonds). Therefore, unless otherwise stated, a substituted group is substituted by one or more substituents. A substituted group may be substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 substituents.

[0055] Substituted cyclic groups include rings and ring systems in which the bonds to hydrogen atoms are replaced by bonds to carbon atoms. Therefore, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, and heteroaryl groups may also be substituted with substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups as defined herein.

[0056] As used herein, the term "alkyl" or "alkyl group" refers to a saturated hydrocarbon having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), cyclic alkyl groups (or "cycloalkyl" or "alicyclic" or "carbocyclic" groups) (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.), branched alkyl groups (e.g., isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, etc.), and alkyl-substituted alkyl groups (e.g., alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups).

[0057] Unless otherwise stated, the term "alkyl" includes both "unsubstituted alkyl" and "substituted alkyl". As used herein, the term "substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which a substituent replaces one or more hydrogen atoms on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents may include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, aryl carbonyloxy, alkoxy carbonyloxy, aryloxy, aryloxy carbonyloxy, carboxylic acid ester, alkyl carbonyl, aryl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, amino carbonyl, alkyl amino carbonyl, dialkyl amino carbonyl, alkyl thio carbonyl, alkoxy, phosphate ester, phosphonic acid, phosphonite, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkyl amino, aryl amino, diaryl amino and alkyl aryl amino), amide (including alkyl carbonyl amino, aryl carbonyl amino, carbamoyl and urea), imino, mercapto, alkyl thio, aryl thio, thiocarboxylic acid ester, sulfate ester, alkyl sulfinyl, sulfonate, amino sulfonyl, sulfonamide, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azide, heterocyclic, alkyl aryl or aromatic (including heteroaromatic) groups.

[0058] In some embodiments, the substituted alkyl group may include a heterocyclic group. As used herein, the term "heterocyclic group" includes a closed-ring structure similar to a carbocyclic group in which one or more of the carbon atoms on the ring are elements that are not carbon (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen). The heterocyclic group may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplary heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine, ethylene oxide (epoxide, ethylene oxide), thioheterocyclopropane (cyclic sulfide), diethylene oxide, azirrocyclobutane, oxacyclobutane, thioheterocyclobutane, dioxacyclobutane, dithiocyclobutene, azirrocyclopentane, pyrrolidine, pyrrololine, oxacyclopentane, dihydrofuran, and furan.

[0059] An alkenyl group or alkene is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and further comprising at least one double bond. In some embodiments, the alkenyl group has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or typically 2 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkenyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The double bond in the alkenyl group can be in a trans or cis configuration. The alkenyl group can be substituted similarly to alkyl groups.

[0060] The alkynyl group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and further comprising at least one triple bond. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or typically 2 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkynyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The alkynyl group can be substituted in a manner similar to that of an alkyl or alkenyl group.

[0061] As used herein, the terms “alkylene,” “cycloalkylene,” “alkynyl,” and “alkenyl,” alone or as part of another substituent, refer to a divalent group derived from an alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkenyl group, such as -CH2CH2CH2-. The orientation of the linking group is not implied for alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkynyl, and alkenyl groups.

[0062] As used herein, the term "ester" refers to -RCOOR 1 Group. R is an alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, ynylene, arylene, arylalkylene, heterocyclic alkylene, or heterocyclic group, whether substituted or unsubstituted as defined herein. 1 The substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic alkyl or heterocyclic groups as defined herein.

[0063] As used herein, the term "amine" (or "amino group") refers to -RNR. 1 R 2Group. R is an alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, ynylene, arylene, arylalkylene, heterocyclic alkylene, or heterocyclic group, whether substituted or unsubstituted as defined herein. 1 and R 2 Independently hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, or heterocyclic group as defined herein.

[0064] As used herein, the term "amine" also refers to a standalone compound. When an amine is a compound, it can be expressed by the formula RNR. 1 R 2 Represented by groups, where R, R 1 and R 2 Independently hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, or heterocyclic group as defined herein.

[0065] As used herein, the term "alcohol" refers to a –ROH group. R is an alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, ynylene, arylene, arylalkylene, heterocyclic alkylene, or heterocyclic group that is absent or substituted as defined herein.

[0066] As used herein, the term "carboxylic acid" refers to the -RCOOH group. R is an alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, ynylene, arylene, arylalkylene, heterocyclic alkylene, or heterocyclic group, whether substituted or unsubstituted as defined herein.

[0067] As used herein, the terms “free of,” “not,” “substantially not,” or “substantially free of” mean a composition, mixture, or ingredient that does not contain a specific compound or has not had a specific compound added or contains a specific compound. In some embodiments, the reduction and / or elimination of hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiment provides a composition that is free of or substantially free of hydrogen peroxide. If a specific compound is present by contamination and / or the use of a minimum amount of the composition, mixture, or ingredient, the amount of the compound should be less than about 3% by weight. More preferably, the amount of the compound is less than 2% by weight, less than 1% by weight, and most preferably, the amount of the compound is less than 0.5% by weight or 0% by weight.

[0068] As used herein, the term "microbe" refers to any noncellular or single-celled (including colonies) organism. Microbes include all prokaryotes. Microbes include bacteria (including cyanobacteria), spores, lichens, fungi, protozoa, prions, viroids, viruses, bacteriophages, and some algae. As used herein, the term "microbe" is synonymous with "microorganism."

[0069] The term "hard surface" refers to a solid, substantially non-flexible surface, such as countertops, tiles, floors, walls, panels, windows, and / or food processing surfaces. The phrase "food processing surface" refers to the surface of tools, machines, equipment, structures, buildings, etc., that are used as part of food or beverage processing, preparation, or storage activities.

[0070] The term "soft surface" includes, for example, paper, filter media, linen, clothing, and textiles. These soft surfaces can be made from a variety of materials, including, for example, paper, fibers, woven or nonwoven fabrics, soft plastics, and elastomers.

[0071] The methods, systems, apparatuses, and compositions disclosed herein may include, consist of, or be composed of the components and ingredients described herein, as well as other components not described herein. As used herein, “consistently consisting of” means that a method, system, apparatus, or composition may include additional steps, components, or ingredients, provided that the additional steps, components, or ingredients do not materially alter the essential and novel characteristics of the claimed method, system, apparatus, or composition.

[0072] It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "configuration" describes a system, device, or other structure that is constructed or configured to perform a particular task or employ a particular configuration. The term "configuration" may be used interchangeably with other similar phrases, such as arrangement and configuration, construction and arrangement, adaptation and configuration, adaptation, construction, manufacture, and arrangement.

[0073] The “scope” of this disclosure is defined by the claims and the full scope of the legal equivalents enjoyed by such claims. The scope of this disclosure is further limited to include any possible modifications to any aspect and / or embodiment disclosed herein that would result in other embodiments, combinations, sub-combinations, etc., which would be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0074] Composition

[0075] Exemplary ranges of compositions are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below as weight percentages of the compositions. Solid compositions are preferred for Tables 1 and 2, and ready-to-use compositions are preferred for Table 3.

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078] Table 2

[0079]

[0080] Table 3

[0081]

[0082] The composition may be provided in any suitable form (e.g., solid, concentrated liquid, diluted liquid), but is preferably provided as a ready-to-use (RTU) foaming liquid. The composition is preferably dispensed at a high air-to-product ratio. Standard dispensing pumps have an air-to-product ratio of 10-15:1. In contrast, the compositions of the present invention preferably have an air-to-product ratio of about 22-28:1 without sacrificing cleaning efficacy or user experience.

[0083] In this embodiment, the liquid composition provides a cleaning composition, namely a hand sanitizer composition or hand disinfectant composition, which is mild and does not irritate the user's skin. The composition can also be used as a foaming spray cleaner and disinfectant for hard surfaces, or a foaming stain remover for textiles.

[0084] surfactants

[0085] In an embodiment, the composition comprises one or more surface active agents, i.e., surfactants. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant. Preferably, the primary surfactant is an anionic surfactant and / or a cationic surfactant, and the secondary surfactant is a nonionic surfactant. More preferably, the primary surfactant is an anionic sulfate surfactant, a saturated fatty acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, and / or a cationic surfactant; and the secondary surfactant is a nonionic alkyl polyglucan.

[0086] Anionic surfactants

[0087] The composition may comprise one or more anionic surfactants. In some embodiments, the composition comprises two anionic surfactants, preferably sulfate surfactants. Anionic surfactants are surfactants classified as anionic because the hydrophobic portion is negatively charged; or they are anionic surfactants (e.g., carboxylic acids) in which the hydrophobic portion of the molecule is uncharged unless the pH is raised to neutral or higher. Carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, sulfolane, and phosphates are polar (hydrophilic) solubilizing groups present in anionic surfactants. Among the cations (counterions) associated with these polar groups, sodium, lithium, and potassium impart water solubility; ammonium and substituted ammonium ions provide both water and oil solubility; and calcium, barium, and magnesium promote oil solubility. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one anionic sulfonate surfactant.

[0088] The at least one anionic surfactant disclosed herein may be one that contains at least one or more sulfate functional groups (-OSO3H or -OSO3). - ) or at least one sulfonate functional group (-SO3H or -SO3) - Anionic surfactants.

[0089] Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl sulfonates, linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfonates, aromatic sulfonates with or without substituents, and alkyl sulfonyl laurates. More specifically, examples of suitable anionic sulfonate surfactants include, but are not limited to, benzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), alkyl sulfonates, alkylamide sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl hydroxyethyl sulfonates, and N-acyl taurates. In one embodiment, the alkyl and acyl groups of these compounds preferably comprise 14 to 30 carbon atoms or 16 to 22 carbon atoms. In embodiments, the aryl groups include phenyl or benzyl groups. The sulfonate may optionally be oxyethyleneized and comprise 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units.

[0090] Suitable anionic sulfate surfactants for use in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxy sulfates, fatty oil alkenylglycerol sulfates, alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, and C5-C... 17 Acyl-N-(C1-C4 alkyl) and -N-(C1-C2 hydroxyalkyl) glucosamine sulfates, as well as sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides, such as sulfates of alkyl polyglucosides, including sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, also available as SULFOPON). ® 101 UP obtained) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES, also known as sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate). Also includes alkyl sulfates, alkyl poly(ethyloxy) ether sulfates and aromatic poly(ethyloxy) sulfates, such as sulfates or condensation products of ethylene oxide and nonylphenol (typically having 1 to 6 vinyl oxide groups per molecule).

[0091] It also includes sulfolanic anionic surfactants. Examples of suitable sulfolanic anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfolanic acid salts and their salts. Preferred sulfolanic acid salts include disodium 2-sulfolanic acid, disodium 2-sulfolanic acid, or combinations thereof.

[0092] Anionic carboxylate surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include carboxylic acids (and salts), such as alkyl acids (and alkylates), carboxylic acid esters (e.g., alkyl succinate esters), carboxylic acid ethers, sulfonated fatty acids, such as sulfonated oleic acid, etc. Such carboxylate salts include alkyl ethoxycarboxylates, alkyl aryl ethoxycarboxylates, alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylates surfactants, and soaps (e.g., alkyl carboxylates). Secondary carboxylate salts that can be used in the compositions of the present invention include those containing a carboxyl unit linked to a secondary carbon. The secondary carbon may be cyclic, such as in the form of p-octylbenzoic acid or in the form of an alkyl-substituted cyclohexylcarboxylate ester.

[0093] Secondary carboxylate surfactants typically lack ether bonds, ester bonds, and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, they typically lack a nitrogen atom in the head group (amphiphilic moiety). Suitable secondary soap surfactants typically contain a total of 11-13 carbon atoms, but more carbon atoms (e.g., up to 16) are possible. Suitable carboxylates also include acyl amino acids (and salts), such as acylglutamate, acyl peptides, sarcosine salts (e.g., N-acylsarcosine), taurine salts (e.g., N-acyltaurine and methyltauryl fatty acid amides), etc.

[0094] Suitable anionic surfactants include alkyl or alkylaryl ethoxycarboxylates of the following formula:

[0095] R - O - (CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m - CO2X (3)

[0096] Where R is C8 to C 22 alkyl groups or , where R 1 C4-C 16 An alkyl group; wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20; m is an integer from 1 to 3; and X is a counter ion, such as hydrogen, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, or an amine salt such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, or triethanolamine. In some embodiments, n is an integer from 4 to 10, and m is 1. In some embodiments, R is C8-C. 16 Alkyl group. In some embodiments, R is C 12 -C 14 Alkyl groups, n is 4 and m is 1.

[0097] In other implementations, R is And R 1 For C6-C 12 Alkyl group. In other embodiments, R 1 It is a C9 alkyl group, n is 10, and m is 1.

[0098] These alkyl and alkylaryl ethoxycarboxylates are commercially available. These ethoxycarboxylates are typically obtained in acidic form that can be readily converted to anionic or salt forms. Commercially available carboxylates include Neodox 23-4, i.e., C64. 12-13 Alkyl polyethoxy(4)carboxylic acid (Shell Chemical) and Emcol CNP-110, namely C9 alkylaryl polyethoxy(10)carboxylic acid (Witco Chemical). Carboxylates are also available from Clariant, for example, the product Sandopan. ® DTC is C 13 Alkyl polyethoxy(7)carboxylic acid.

[0099] Accordingly, the surfactant may contain one or more fatty acids comprising at least one straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain, such as alkyl or alkenyl, containing at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

[0100] The fatty acid preferably has the structure R-COOH, where R represents a straight-chain or branched C7-C chain. 31 Preferably C9-C 21 Furthermore, even more preferably C9-C 17 Alkyl or alkenyl groups. Fatty acids may also include esters of fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acids, and other fatty acid derivatives as described herein. Preferred fatty acids include C12-C16 saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted fatty acids.

[0101] Examples of suitable fatty acids include, but are not limited to, lauric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, undecenoic acid, isopalmitic acid, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and cetearic acid, as well as mixtures thereof.

[0102] One or more anionic surfactants may be present, individually or in total, in amounts from about 1% to about 30% by weight, more preferably from about 5% to about 15% by weight, and even more preferably from about 5% to about 10% by weight, including all integers within these ranges.

[0103] cationic surfactants

[0104] Surfactants are classified as cationic if the water-soluble growth promoter portion of the molecule is positively charged, if the surfactant has a positively charged functional group, and / or if the surfactant is cationic. This group also includes surfactants in which the water-soluble growth promoter is uncharged unless the pH is lowered to near neutral or lower, but is then cationic (e.g., alkylamines). Theoretically, cationic surfactants can be synthesized from any combination of elements containing the “onium” structure RnX+Y-, and can include compounds other than nitrogen (ammonium), such as phosphorus (phosphonium) and sulfur (sulfonium). In practice, nitrogen-containing compounds dominate the field of cationic surfactants, likely because the synthetic routes for nitrogen-containing cationic surfactants are simple and straightforward, and the resulting product yields are high, which can make them less expensive.

[0105] Cationic surfactants include, for example, compounds containing at least one long-chain hydrophobic group and at least one positively charged nitrogen atom. The long-chain group can be directly attached to the nitrogen atom via simple substitution; or more preferably indirectly attached via one or more bridging functional groups in so-called alkylamines and amides. Such functional groups can make the molecule more hydrophilic and / or more water-dispersible, more readily soluble in water via co-surfactant mixtures, and / or water-soluble. To improve water solubility, additional primary, secondary, or tertiary amino groups can be introduced, or the amino nitrogen can be quaternized using low-molecular-weight alkyl groups. Furthermore, the nitrogen can be part of a branched or straight-chain moiety with varying degrees of unsaturation, or part of a saturated or unsaturated heterocycle. Additionally, cationic surfactants can contain complex bonds having more than one cationic nitrogen atom.

[0106] Surfactant compounds classified as amine oxides, amphoteric surfactants, and zwitterionic surfactants are typically cationic in near-neutral to acidic pH solutions and may overlap with surfactant classifications. Polyoxyethylated cationic surfactants generally behave similarly to nonionic surfactants in alkaline solutions and similarly to cationic surfactants in acidic solutions.

[0107] The simplest cationic amines, amine salts, and quaternary ammonium compounds can be schematically described as follows:

[0108]

[0109] Wherein, R represents an alkyl chain, R', R'', and R''' can be alkyl chains, aryl groups, or hydrogen, and X represents an anion. For practical use in the composition, amine salts and quaternary ammonium compounds are preferred because of their high water solubility.

[0110] Most commercially available cationic surfactants can be subdivided into four main categories and additional subgroups, as known to those skilled in the art and described in the Surfactant Encyclopedia, Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 104(2) 86-96 (1989). The first category includes alkylamines and their salts. The second category includes alkylimidazolines. The third category includes ethoxylated amines. The fourth category includes quaternary ammonium salts, such as alkylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium salts, alkylbenzene salts, heterocyclic ammonium salts, tetraalkyl ammonium salts, etc. Cationic surfactants are known to possess a variety of properties that can be advantageous in the composition. These desired properties may include detergency in compositions at or below neutral pH, antimicrobial efficacy, thickening or gelling effects in conjunction with other agents, etc.

[0111] Cationic surfactants that can be used in the compositions disclosed herein include those having the formula R 1 m R 2 x Y L Those of Z, where each of R 1 An organic group containing a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group is optionally substituted by up to three phenyl or hydroxyl groups and optionally interrupted by up to four of the following structures:

[0112]

[0113] These structures may be interrupted by isomers or mixtures, and they contain approximately 8 to 22 carbon atoms. R 1 The group may additionally contain up to 12 ethoxy groups. m is a number from 1 to 3. Preferably, when m is 2, there is no more than one R in the molecule. 1 The group has 16 or more carbon atoms, or more than 12 carbon atoms when m is 3. Each R 2 It is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing one to four carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, wherein there is no more than one R in the molecule. 2 It is benzyl, and x is a number from 0 to 11, preferably from 0 to 6. The remainder of any carbon atom position on the Y group is occupied by hydrogen.

[0114] Y can be any of the following groups, including but not limited to:

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] Or mixtures thereof. Preferably, L is 1 or 2, wherein when L is 2, the Y group is selected from R groups having 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and two free carbon single bonds. 1 and R 2 The analogues (preferably alkylene or alkenylene) are separated. Z is a water-soluble anion, such as a halide, sulfate, methyl sulfate, hydroxide, or nitrate anion, particularly preferably a chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, or methyl sulfate anion, in an amount that makes the cationic component electrically neutral.

[0118] One or more cationic surfactants may optionally be present in the composition, alone or in aggregate, in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, preferably about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0119] Nonionic surfactants

[0120] In an embodiment, the composition optionally comprises one or more nonionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants are surfactants typically characterized by the presence of both organic hydrophobic and organic hydrophilic groups, and are generally produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic, alkyl aromatic, or polyoxyethylene hydrophobic compound with a hydrophilic basic oxide moiety (a common practice being ethylene oxide or its polyhydrated form, polyethylene glycol). In fact, any hydrophobic compound having hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or amide groups with reactive hydrogen atoms can be condensed with ethylene oxide, its polyhydrated adduct, or a mixture thereof with an alkyl oxide (such as propylene oxide) to form a nonionic surfactant. The length of the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene moiety condensed with any particular hydrophobic compound can be readily adjusted to produce a water-dispersible or water-soluble compound with a desired balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

[0121] Useful nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sugar-based surfactants, particularly glucosamides, which are formed from glucose and fatty acids. In embodiments, the composition comprises one or more EO-free, sulfate-free, and / or PEG-free glucosamides. The polar head groups of glucosinolate and glucosamide surfactants are shown below. The head groups are depicted in their open-ring state.

[0122] Glucoside polar head group

[0123]

[0124] Glucoamide polar head group

[0125]

[0126] Suitable examples of glucosamides include, but are not limited to, octanoylhexanoyl methyl glucosamide, lauroylmyristoyl methyl glucosamide, cocoyl methyl glucosamide, sunflower oil methyl glucosamide, cocoyl betaine, N-cocoyl-N-methylglucosamine, NC 12 / 14 Acyl-N-methylglucosamine, NC 8 / 10 Acyl-N-methylglucosamine or combinations thereof.

[0127] Preferred glucosamides are those with fewer than 18 carbons in the alkyl chain. More preferred are C8-C. 16 Glucosamides, including those comprising: Most preferably, glucosamides having about 8 to about 10 carbons in the alkyl chain. Particularly preferred glucosamides are octanoylhexanoylmethylglucosamides, more specifically D-glucitol, a 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-N-C8-10 acyl derivative, traded under the name GLUCOTAIN. ® CLEAR (50%) sales.

[0128] Another class of suitable nonionic surfactants includes block polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene copolymers (EO / PO block copolymers) based on reactive hydrogen compounds initiated by propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and ethylenediamine. Examples of polymers prepared by sequential propoxylation and ethoxylation of an initiator are commercially available from BASF Corp. One class of compounds are bifunctional (two reactive hydrogens) compounds formed by the condensation of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic matrix, which is formed by adding propylene oxide to the two hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol. The molecular weight of the hydrophobic moiety is from about 1,000 to about 4,000. Ethylene oxide is then added to sandwich this hydrophobic compound between hydrophilic groups, accounting for about 10% to about 80% by weight of the final molecule, controlled by length. Another class of compounds are tetrafunctional block copolymers derived from the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylenediamine. The molecular weight of propylene oxide is in the range of about 500 to about 7,000; and the addition of a hydrophilic compound (ethylene oxide) constitutes about 10% to about 80% by weight of the molecule.

[0129] A condensation product of one mole of alkylphenols, wherein the alkyl chain, whether straight-chain or branched, or whether monoalkyl or dialkyl, contains about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and about 3 to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl group can be represented by, for example, diisobutylene, dipentyl, polypropylene, isooctyl, nonyl, and dinonyl. These surfactants can be condensates of alkylphenols with polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, and polyoxybutylene oxide compositions. An example of a commercially available compound with this chemical property is manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc under the trade name Igepal. ®And the Triton manufactured by Union Carbide ® get.

[0130] The condensation product of one mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched alcohol having about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms and about 3 to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The alcohol moiety may consist of a mixture of alcohols within the carbon range described above, or it may consist of alcohols having a specific number of carbon atoms within this range. An example of a similar commercial surfactant is Lutensol, manufactured by BASF. ™ Dehydol ™ Neodol manufactured by Shell Chemical Co. ™ And Alfonic manufactured by VistaChemical ™ get.

[0131] One mole of a condensation product of a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched carboxylic acid having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and about 6 to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The acid moiety may consist of a mixture of acids within the carbon atom range defined above, or may consist of acids having a specific number of carbon atoms within that range. Examples of commercially available compounds of this chemical substance are manufactured by BASF under the trade names Disponil or Agnique and by Lipopeg manufactured by Lipo Chemicals, Inc. ™ get.

[0132] In addition to ethoxylated carboxylic acids commonly referred to as polyethylene glycol esters, other alkyl esters formed by reacting with glycerol esters, glycerol, and polyhydroxy (sugar or dehydrated sorbitol / sorbitol) alcohols are also suitable. All of these ester moieties have one or more reactive hydrogen sites on their molecules, which can be further acylated or added to ethylene oxide (alkoxide) to control the hydrophilicity of these substances. Due to potential incompatibilities, care must be taken when adding these fatty esters or acylated carbohydrates to the compositions of this disclosure containing amylase or lipase.

[0133] Examples of nonionic low-foaming surfactants include:

[0134] A substantially inverse nonionic surfactant is modified by adding ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol to provide a hydrophilic component of a specified molecular weight; and then adding propylene oxide to obtain a hydrophobic block at the exterior (end) of the molecule. The molecular weight of the hydrophobic portion of the molecule is from about 1,000 to about 3,100, wherein the intermediate hydrophilic component accounts for 10% to about 80% by weight of the final molecule. These inverse Pluronics ™Manufactured by BASF Corporation, under the brand name Pluronic ™ R surfactant. Similarly, Tetronic ™ R surfactant is produced by BASF Corporation by sequentially adding ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to ethylenediamine. The molecular weight of the hydrophobic portion of the molecule is from about 2,100 to about 6,700, while the intermediate hydrophilic portion accounts for 10% to 80% by weight of the final molecule.

[0135] Nonionic surfactants are modified by “end-capping” or “terminating” one or more terminal hydroxyl groups (multifunctional moieties) to reduce foaming by reacting with: small hydrophobic molecules such as propylene oxide, butane oxide, and benzyl chloride; and short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, or alkyl halides containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof. Reactants that convert terminal hydroxyl groups to chlorine groups, such as thionyl chloride, are also included. Such modification of the terminal hydroxyl groups can produce fully block, intercalated, intercalated, or fully mixed nonionic surfactants.

[0136] Additional examples of effective low-foaming nonionic surfactants include:

[0137] The alkylphenoxy polyethoxyalkanol, granted to Brown et al. on September 8, 1959, is represented by the following formula:

[0138]

[0139] Where R is an alkyl group with 8 to 9 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene chain with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 7 to 16, and m is an integer from 1 to 10.

[0140] The polyalkylene glycol condensate granted to Martin et al. on August 7, 1962, has alternating hydrophilic oxyethylene chains and hydrophobic oxypropylene chains, wherein the weight of the hydrophobic end chain, the weight of the hydrophobic intermediate unit, and the weight of the hydrophilic linking unit are each approximately one-third of the condensate.

[0141] The defoaming nonionic surfactant disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,382,178 to Lissant et al., granted on May 7, 1968, has the general formula Z[(OR)]. n OH] z , where Z is an alkoxylated material, R is a group derived from an olefin oxide, which may be vinyl or propenyl, and n is, for example, an integer from 10 to 2,000 or greater, and z is an integer determined by the number of reactive alkoxylated groups.

[0142] The conjugated polyoxyethylene compound described in U.S. Patent No. 2,677,700 to Jackson et al., issued on May 4, 1954, corresponds to the formula Y(C3H6O). n (C2H4O) m H, where Y is a residue of an organic compound having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one reactive hydrogen atom, as determined by the number of hydroxyl groups, n has an average value of at least about 6.4, and m has a value such that the oxyethylene moiety constitutes about 10% to about 90% by weight of the molecule.

[0143] The conjugated polyoxyalkylene compound described in U.S. Patent No. 2,674,619 to Lundsted et al., issued on April 6, 1954, has the formula Y[(C3H6O n (C2H4O) m H] x Wherein Y is a residue of an organic compound having about 2 to 6 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms, wherein the value of x is at least about 2, the value of n is such that the molecular weight of the hydrophobic polyoxypropylene matrix is ​​at least about 900, and the value of m is such that the ethylene oxide content of the molecule is from about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight. Compounds falling within the definition of Y include, for example, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, etc. The propylene oxide chain optionally but advantageously contains a small amount of ethylene oxide, and the ethylene oxide chain also optionally but advantageously contains a small amount of propylene oxide.

[0144] Advantageously, the additional conjugated polyoxyethylene surfactant used in the compositions of this disclosure corresponds to the formula: P[(C3H6O)] n (C2H4O) m H] x , wherein P is a residue of an organic compound having about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms, wherein the value of x is 1 or 2, the value of n is such that the molecular weight of the polyoxyethylene moiety is at least about 44, and the value of m is such that the propylene oxide content of the molecule is about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight. In either case, the propylene oxide chain may optionally but advantageously contain a small amount of ethylene oxide, and the ethylene oxide chain may also optionally but advantageously contain a small amount of propylene oxide.

[0145] The polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for the compositions of the present invention include those having the structural formula R2CON. R1 Those of Z, wherein: R1 is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbon group, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, ethoxy, propoxy group, or a mixture thereof; R2 is C5-C 31The hydrocarbon group may be linear; and Z is a polyhydroxy hydrocarbon group having a linear hydrocarbon chain or an alkoxylated derivative thereof (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated), the linear hydrocarbon chain having at least three hydroxyl groups directly connected to the chain. Z may be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; such as a glycidyl moiety.

[0146] Alkyl ethoxylation condensation products of fatty alcohols with about 0 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. The alkyl chain of the fatty alcohol may be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and typically contains 6 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0147] Fatty alcohol nonionic surfactants, including ethoxylated C6-C 18 fatty alcohols and C6-C 18 Mixed ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols and fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers. Suitable ethoxylated fatty alcohols include C6-C alcohols with an ethoxylation degree of 3 to 50. 18 Ethoxylated fatty alcohols.

[0148] Suitable nonionic alkyl polysaccharide surfactants particularly suitable for use in the compositions disclosed herein include those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,565,647 to Llenado, issued January 21, 1986. These surfactants comprise a hydrophobic group containing about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and a hydrophilic group of a polysaccharide (e.g., a glucosinolate) containing about 1.3 to about 10 sugar units. Any reducing sugar containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, for example, the glucosinolate moiety can be replaced by glucose, galactose, or a galactosyl moiety. (Optionally, the hydrophobic group is attached at 2-, 3-, 4-equiposition positions, thus yielding glucose or galactose instead of glucosinolate or galactoside.) The interglycosidic bond can be, for example, between a position of an additional sugar unit and a 2-, 3-, 4-, or 6-position on the aforementioned sugar unit.

[0149] Fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use in the compositions disclosed herein include fatty acid amide surfactants having the following molecular formula: R6CON(R7)2, wherein R6 is an alkyl group containing 7 to 21 carbon atoms, and each R7 is independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, or --(C2H4O). X H, where x is in the range of 1 to 3.

[0150] Available classes of nonionic surfactants include those defined as alkoxylated amines or, most particularly, alcohol-alkoxylated / amined / alkoxylated surfactants. These nonionic surfactants can be represented, at least in part, by the following general formula: R 20 --(PO) S N--(EO) t H, R 20 --(PO)S N--(EO) t H(EO) t H and R 20 --N(EO) t H; where R 20 The compounds are alkyl, alkenyl, or other aliphatic or alkyl-aryl groups having 8 to 20, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, where EO is ethylene oxide, PO is propylene oxide, s is 1 to 20, preferably 2-5, t is 1-10, preferably 2-5, and u is 1-10, preferably 2-5. Other variations in the range of these compounds can be derived from the alternative formula: R 20 --(PO) V --N[(EO) w H][(EO) z H] represents R 20 As defined above, v is 1 to 20 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 (preferably 2)), and w and z are independently 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5. These compounds are commercially represented by a range of products sold by Huntsman Chemicals as nonionic surfactants. Suitable chemicals in this class include Surfonic. ™ PEA 25 amine alkoxylate. Nonionic surfactants suitable for the compositions disclosed herein include alcohol alkoxylates, EO / PO block copolymers, alkylphenol alkoxylates, etc.

[0151] Another class of useful nonionic surfactants are alkyl polyglucosides. Alkyl polyglucosides are typically bio-based nonionic surfactants containing glycoside units (i.e., alkyl polyglucosides) or polyglycerol units, and possess thickening, wetting, foaming, and / or dirt-removing properties. Commercially available alkyl polyglucosides may contain blends of various carbon lengths. Examples of suitable alkyl polyglucosides include those containing carbon chain lengths less than 16. In one example, suitable alkyl polyglucosides include C8-C16 alkyl polyglucosides and blends of alkyl polyglucosides primarily containing C8-C16 or C12-C16 alkyl polyglucosides. Suitable commercially available alkyl polyglucosides include Glucopon 625 UP (lauryl / myristyl glucoside), available from BASF.

[0152] Semi-polar nonionic surfactants are another class of useful nonionic surfactants. Typically, semi-polar nonionic surfactants are high-foaming and foam stabilizers. Semi-polar nonionic surfactants include amine oxides, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, and their alkoxylated derivatives.

[0153] Amine oxides are tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula:

[0154]

[0155] The arrows represent the conventional representation of semi-polar bonds; and R 1 R 2 and R 3 It can be aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alicyclic, or a combination thereof. Generally, for detergents, the focus is on amine oxides, R... 1 An alkyl group having about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; R 2 and R 3 It is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with one to three carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof; R 2 and R 3 They can be interconnected, for example, through oxygen or nitrogen atoms, to form ring structures; R 4 It is a basic group or hydroxyalkylene group containing 2 to 3 carbon atoms; and n ranges from 0 to about 20.

[0156] Suitable water-soluble amine oxide surfactants are selected from coconut or animal lipid alkyl di-(lower alkyl) amine oxides, specific examples of which are dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, tridecyl dimethyl amine oxide, tetradecyl dimethyl amine oxide, pentadecyl dimethyl amine oxide, hexadecyl dimethyl amine oxide, heptadecanyl dimethyl amine oxide, octadecyl dimethyl amine oxide, dodecyl dipropyl amine oxide, tetradecyl dipropyl amine oxide, hexadecyl dipropyl amine oxide, tetradecyl dibutyl amine oxide, octadecyl dibutyl amine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecyl amine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-dodecoxy-1-hydroxypropyl amine oxide, dimethyl-(2-hydroxydodecyl) amine oxide, 3,6,9-trioctadecyl dimethyl amine oxide, and 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyl di-(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide.

[0157] Suitable semi-polar nonionic surfactants also include water-soluble phosphine oxides having the following structure:

[0158]

[0159] The arrows represent the conventional representation of semi-polar bonds; and R 1 It is an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxyalkyl moiety with a chain length ranging from 10 to approximately 24 carbon atoms; and R 2 and R 3 Each is an alkyl moiety independently selected from alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0160] Examples of available phosphine oxides include dimethyldecylphosphine oxide, dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, methylethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, dimethylhexadecylphosphine oxide, diethyl-2-hydroxyoctyldecylphosphine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide, and bis(hydroxymethyl)tetradecylphosphine oxide.

[0161] The semi-polar nonionic surfactants applicable to this article also include water-soluble sulfoxide compounds having the following structures:

[0162]

[0163] The arrows represent the conventional representation of semi-polar bonds; and R 1 It is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl moiety having about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms, 0 to about 5 ether bonds, and 0 to about 2 hydroxyl substituents; and R 2 It is an alkyl moiety consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0164] Available examples of these sulfoxides include dodecylmethyl sulfoxide; 3-hydroxytridecylmethyl sulfoxide; 3-methoxytridecylmethyl sulfoxide; and 3-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybutylmethyl sulfoxide.

[0165] Semi-polar nonionic surfactants used in the compositions of this disclosure include dimethyl amine oxides, such as lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, myristyl dimethyl amine oxide, cetyl dimethyl amine oxide, combinations thereof, etc. Useful water-soluble amine oxide surfactants are selected from octyl, decyl, dodecyl, isododecyl, coconut, or animal lipid alkyl di-(lower alkyl) amine oxides, specific examples of which are octyl dimethyl amine oxide, nonyl dimethyl amine oxide, decyl dimethyl amine oxide, undecyl dimethyl amine oxide, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, isododecyl dimethyl amine oxide, and lauryl dimethyl amine oxide (trade name Barlox). 12 for sale), tridecyl dimethylamine oxide, tetradecyl dimethylamine oxide, pentadecyl dimethylamine oxide, hexadecyl dimethylamine oxide, heptadecanyl dimethylamine oxide, octadecyl dimethylamine oxide, dodecyl dipropylamine oxide, tetradecyl dipropylamine oxide, hexadecyl dipropylamine oxide, tetradecyl dibutylamine oxide, octadecyl dibutylamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecylamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-dodecoxy-1-hydroxypropylamine oxide, dimethyl-(2-hydroxydodecyl)amine oxide, 3,6,9-tris(octadecyl)dimethylamine oxide and 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyl di-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide.

[0166] Suitable nonionic surfactants for use with the compositions disclosed herein comprise alkoxylated surfactants. Suitable alkoxylated surfactants include EO / PO copolymers, terminated EO / PO copolymers, alcohol alkoxylates, terminated alcohol alkoxylates, mixtures thereof, etc. Suitable alkoxylated surfactants for use as solvents include EO / PO block copolymers such as Pluronic and reverse Pluronic surfactants; alcohol alkoxylates such as Dehypon LS-54 (R-(EO)5(PO)4) and Dehypon LS-36 (R-(EO)3(PO)6); and terminated alcohol alkoxylates such as Plurafac LF221 and Tegoten EC11; mixtures thereof, etc.

[0167] The paper "Nonionic Surfactants," edited by MJ Schick in 1983 and included in Volume 1 of the Surfactant Science Series by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, is an excellent reference for the wide variety of nonionic compounds commonly used in the practices of this disclosure. A typical list of nonionic classes and types of these surfactants is given in U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, published by Laughlin and Heuring on December 30, 1975. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry, and Berch).

[0168] In some embodiments, one or more nonionic surfactants may be present in the composition alone or in aggregate in amounts from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, and even more preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0169] Amphoteric surfactants

[0170] The compositions disclosed herein optionally comprise one or more amphoteric surfactants. Amphoteric surfactants can advantageously be used in the compositions disclosed herein as foam promoters and / or auxiliary surfactants. Amphoteric surfactants contain both basic hydrophilic groups and acidic hydrophilic groups, as well as organic hydrophobic groups. These ionic entities can be either anionic or cationic groups as described herein for other types of surfactants. Basic nitrogen and acidic carboxylate groups are typical functional groups used as basic and acidic hydrophilic groups. In several surfactants, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, or phosphate groups provide a negative charge.

[0171] Amphoteric surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, wherein the aliphatic group can be linear or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-coating group, such as a carboxyl, sulfonic acid, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonoyl group. Amphoteric surfactants are subdivided into two main categories, known to those skilled in the art and described in “The Complete Guide to Surfactants,” Cosmetics and Toiletries, Vol. 104(2) 69-71 (1989), the full text of which is incorporated herein by reference. The first category includes acyl / dialkylethylenediamine derivatives (e.g., 2-alkylhydroxyethylimidazoline derivatives) and their salts. The second category includes N-alkyl amino acids and their salts. Some amphoteric surfactants may be considered to fall into either of these categories.

[0172] Amphoteric surfactants can be synthesized by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, 2-alkylhydroxyethyl imidazoline is synthesized by condensation and ring-closure of a long-chain carboxylic acid (or derivative) with a dialkylethylenediamine. Commercial amphoteric surfactants are derivatized by alkylation—for example, using chloroacetic acid or ethyl acetate—which sequentially hydrolyzes and ring-opens the imidazoline ring. During alkylation, one or both carboxyl groups react to form a tertiary amine and an ether bond, wherein different alkylating agents produce different tertiary amines.

[0173] The long-chain imidazole derivatives used in this disclosure generally have the general formula:

[0174] (Single) Acetate (II) Propionate

[0175]

[0176] neutral pH zwitterions

[0177] Amphoteric sulfonates

[0178]

[0179] R is a noncyclic hydrophobic group containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and M is a cation used to neutralize the charge of the anion, typically sodium. Commercially known imidazoline-derived amphoteric surfactants that can be used in this composition include, for example, cocoamphopropionate, cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphoglycinate, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, cocoamphopropylsulfonate, and cocoamphocarboxypropionic acid. A particularly suitable amphoteric surfactant is disodium cocoamphodipropionate, which is commercially available from Mackam 2CSF. The amphoteric carboxylic acid can be generated from aliphatic imidazolines, wherein the dicarboxylic acid functional group of the amphoteric dicarboxylic acid is diacetic acid or dipropionic acid.

[0180] The carboxymethylated compounds (glycine salts) described above in this article are often referred to as betaines. Examples of suitable betaines include long-chain betaine amphoteric surfactants. More specifically, suitable betaines include, but are not limited to, cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), cocamidopropyl betaine / coalkylamidopropyl dimethyl betaine, hexadecyl dimethyl betaine, C… 12-14 Acylaminopropyl betaine, C 8-14 Acylaminohexyldiethylbetaine, C 14-16 Acylmethylamidodiethylammonium-1-carboxybutane, C 16-18 Acylaminodimethylbetaine, C 12-16 Acylaminopentane diethyl betaine, C 12-16 Acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine or combinations thereof.

[0181] Long-chain N-alkyl amino acids can be readily prepared by reacting RNH2 fatty amines with halocarboxylic acids, where R=C8-C. 18 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. Alkylation of the primary amino group of an amino acid yields secondary and tertiary amines. Alkyl substituents may have additional amino groups providing more than one reactive nitrogen center. Most commercially available N-alkylamino acids are alkyl derivatives of β-alanine or β-N(2-carboxyethyl)alanine. Examples of commercially available N-alkyl amino acid amphoteric electrolytes suitable for use in this disclosure include alkyl β-aminodipropionates, RN(C2H4COOM)2, and RNHC2H4COOM. In one embodiment, R may be an acyclic hydrophobic group containing about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and M is a cation for neutralizing the charge of the anion.

[0182] Suitable amphoteric surfactants include those derived from coconut products such as coconut oil or coconut fatty acids. Other suitable coconut-derived surfactants include an ethylenediamine moiety, an alkanolamide moiety, an amino acid moiety (e.g., glycine), or a combination thereof as part of their structure; and an aliphatic substituent of about 8 to 18 (e.g., 12) carbon atoms. Such surfactants can also be considered alkyl amphoteric dicarboxylic acids. These amphoteric surfactants can contain chemical structures represented as follows: C 12 -alkyl-C(O)-NH-CH2-CH2-N + (CH2-CH2-CO2Na)2-CH2-CH2-OH or C 12 -alkyl-C(O)-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N + (CH2-CO2Na)2-CH2-CH2-OH. Disodium coconut oil dipropionate is a suitable amphoteric surfactant and can be traded under the name Miranol. ™FBS was purchased commercially from Rhodia Inc., Cranbury, NJ. Another suitable coconut-derived amphoteric surfactant with the chemical name disodium cocoate amphoteric diacetate is marketed under the name Mirataine. ™ JCHA for sale, also from Rhodia Inc., Cranbury, NJ.

[0183] A typical list of the amphoteric classes and types of these surfactants is given in U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, published by Laughlin and Heuring on December 30, 1975. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry, and Berch). Each of these references is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0184] In some embodiments, one or more amphoteric surfactants may be present in the composition alone or in aggregate in amounts from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, and even more preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0185] Foaming promoter

[0186] The composition may contain one or more foam promoters that contribute to foam formation and / or stability. Suitable foam promoters include compounds that increase the foam volume in the user's hand. Specifically, in order for a foaming formulation to remain in the foam phase, the bubbles in the foam must maintain their shape and volume without drainage. When drainage occurs, liquid from the outer portion or skin of the bubble is expelled through the foam due to gravity, and the bubble gradually disappears from top to bottom. As the foam volume decreases, the equilibrium portion of the formulation begins to accumulate as liquid under the remaining foam until no more bubbles are present, leaving only liquid.

[0187] Some examples of foam promoters include caprylic / capric triglycerides, sorbitol sesquicaprylate, phospholipids, phospholipid derivatives, PEG-dimethylsiloxane with methyl ester, PEG-7 cocoyl glyceride, capric / capric monoglyceride, betaine, and combinations thereof.

[0188] The foam-promoting component may also include polymers, particularly hydrophobically modified cationic polymers that can be obtained by polymerizing the following structural units: a first structural unit derived from one or more cationic olefinic unsaturated monomers; and a second structural unit derived from one or more water-soluble monomers.

[0189] First structural unit. In the embodiment, the first structural unit is a water-soluble cationic olefinically unsaturated monomer. The first structural unit may be a dialkyl diallyl ammonium having a halide ion, a hydrogen sulfate ion, or a methyl sulfate ion as a counterion according to formula (I):

[0190]

[0191] Wherein: R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxylalkyl, carboxamide alkyl or alkoxyalkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and Y is a counterion selected from chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion or hydrogen sulfate or methyl sulfate ion.

[0192] In another embodiment, the first structural unit is a quaternary ammonium salt or acid salt of a dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate. In another embodiment, the first structural unit is an acid salt or quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide according to formula (II):

[0193]

[0194] Wherein: R1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl; R2 is H or methyl; R3 is C1-C4 alkylene; R4, R5 and R6 are each independently H or C1-C4 alkylene. 30 Alkyl; X is -O- or -NH-; and Y is Cl; Br; I; hydrogen sulfate or methyl sulfate.

[0195] In one embodiment, in the cationic monomer of formula (II): R1 and R2 are each H, or R1 is H and R2 is CH3 or preferably also H.

[0196] Suitable examples of the first structural unit are diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), (3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), (3-methacrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate methyl chloride, and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate methyl chloride. Other suitable examples of the first structural unit are [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride, also known as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride (DMA3*MeCl), or trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azaium chloride, also known as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride (DMAEMA*MeCl). Preferably, the first structural unit is DADMAC.

[0197] The second structural unit. In an embodiment, the second structural unit is acrylamide or methacrylamide. All weight percent of each structural unit is calculated based on 100 weight percent of all structural units derived from all monomers in the copolymer. An example of a suitable copolymer is a DADMAC / (meth)acrylamide copolymer with a molecular weight of approximately 2,000,000. Another suitable type of foam promoter is cocamidopropyl PG-dimethylammonium chloride (e.g., COLA). ® LIPID C).

[0198] In the implementation scheme, the foam promoter comprises betaine. Examples of suitable betaines include long-chain betaine amphoteric surfactants. More specifically, suitable betaines include, but are not limited to, cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), cocamidopropyl betaine / coalkylamidopropyl dimethyl betaine, hexadecyl dimethyl betaine, C... 12-14 Acylaminopropyl betaine, C 8-14 Acylaminohexyldiethylbetaine, C 14-16 Acylmethylamidodiethylammonium-1-carboxybutane, C 16-18 Acylaminodimethylbetaine, C 12-16 Acylaminopentane diethyl betaine, C 12-16 Acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a foam promoter comprising a cocamidopropyl compound.

[0199] In the embodiments, the foam promoter is present in the composition in an amount of about 0.001% to about 10% by weight, preferably about 1% to about 7% by weight, and even more preferably about 1% to about 5% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0200] solvent

[0201] In embodiments, the composition optionally comprises one or more solvents. In embodiments, the solvent includes water, alcohol, ester, glycol ether, amide, hydrocarbon, or combinations thereof. More specifically, suitable solvents include aromatic alcohols, alkanolamines, etheramines, glycol ethers, esters, or combinations thereof.

[0202] Examples of other suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, lower alkanols, lower alkyl ethers, and lower alkyl glycol ethers. Examples of such useful solvents include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexanediol, dipropylene glycol, mixed glycol-propylene glycol ethers, or combinations thereof. Glycol ethers include lower alkyl (C1-8 alkyl) ethers, such as propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or combinations thereof.

[0203] Other examples of suitable solvents include acetaminophen, acetanilide, acetophenone, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, methylbenzyl alcohol, α-phenylethanol, benzyl benzoate, benzyloxyethanol, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, amyl acetate, pentanol, butanol, 3-butoxyethyl-2-propanol, butyl acetate, n-butyl propionate, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, diethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diisobutylmethanol, diisobutyl ketone, dimethyl heptanol, dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethyl propionate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, hexanol, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutylheptanone, isophorone, isopropanol, isopropyl acetate, methanol, methylpentanol, methyl n-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and so on. ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-pentanol, n-pentyl propionate, 1-propanol, n-propyl acetate, n-propyl propionate, propylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, 2,2 4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether or combinations thereof.

[0204] One or more non-aqueous solvents may be present, alone or in total, in amounts from about 0% to about 10% by weight, more preferably from about 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight, and even more preferably from about 0.1% by weight to about 2% by weight, including all integers within these ranges. Water may be present in amounts from about 0% by weight to about 99% by weight, from about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight, and even more preferably from about 50% by weight to about 85% by weight, including all integers within these ranges. In some embodiments, water constitutes the remainder of the composition.

[0205] preservative

[0206] In one embodiment, the composition comprises one or more preservatives. Preservatives can inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. Preservatives can actively contribute to antimicrobial efficacy either on their own or through interactions with other components in the composition. In a preferred embodiment, the preservative comprises carboxylates and / or phenolic compounds.

[0207] Examples of suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, carboxylates, such as calcium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts of carboxylic acids, or combinations thereof. Preferred carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, salts of benzoic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or combinations thereof. In embodiments, carboxylate preservatives include calcium propionate, sodium propionate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium sorbate, or combinations thereof. In yet another preferred embodiment, the carboxylate is sodium benzoate.

[0208] In the implementation scheme, the preservatives include phenolic compounds, halogenated compounds, metal derivatives, amines, alkanolamines, nitro derivatives, biguanides, anilines, organosulfur and sulfur-nitrogen compounds, alkyl p-hydroxybenzoates, isothiazolinones, or combinations thereof.

[0209] Suitable phenolic compounds include, but are not limited to, pentachlorophenol, o-phenylphenol, chloroxylenol, p-chloro-m-cresol, p-chlorophenol, chlorothymol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropylcresol, mixed cresols, phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethylparaben, phenoxyisopropanol, phenylparaben, resorcinol, and their derivatives. Suitable halogen compounds include, but are not limited to, iodine-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) complexes, and bromine compounds, such as 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and their derivatives. Suitable amines and nitro-containing compounds include, but are not limited to, hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-mono-triazine, dithiocarbamates (such as sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate), and their derivatives. Suitable biguanides include, but are not limited to, polyaminopropyl biguanide and chlorhexidine gluconate. Suitable alkyl parabens include, but are not limited to, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. Other preservatives include, but are not limited to, phospholipid preservatives, such as triglyceride phospholipids. A suitable example is cocamidopropyl phosphatidyl PG-dimethylammonium chloride (e.g., COLA). ® LIPID C).

[0210] In the implementation scheme, the preservative includes isothiazolinones, isothiazolinone blends, or other preservatives from the isothiazolinone family. Examples of isothiazolinone blends include Kathon CG-ICP, a 3:1 blend of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT / MIT). Examples of isothiazolinone compounds from this family include, but are not limited to, chloromethylisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, isothiazolinone derivatives, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol (Bropol), long-chain quaternary ammonium compounds, aliphatic diamines, guanidine, biguanide, and n-dodecylamine. Alkylguanidine hydrochloride (DGH), n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dialcyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, 2,2-dibromo-3-hydantoinamide (DBNPA), bis(trichloromethyl) sulfone, 4,5-dichloro-1,2-dithiol-3-one, 2-bromo-2-nitrostyrene, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT).

[0211] One or more preservatives may optionally be present, individually or in total, in an amount of about 0% to about 10% by weight; or, when present, in an amount of about 0.025% to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 0.025% to about 2% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0212] pH adjuster

[0213] The composition optionally includes a pH adjuster or pH regulator. In some cases, a pH adjusting compound may be used to provide the desired pH of the composition or ready-to-use solution. In embodiments, the composition will have a pH of about 2 to about 10, more preferably about 4 to about 9.5.

[0214] Examples of alkaline pH adjusting compounds include, but are not limited to, ammonia; monoalkylamines, dialkylamines, and trialkylamines; monoalkanolamines, dialkanolamines, and trialkanolamines; alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides; alkali metal phosphates; alkali metal sulfates; alkali metal carbonates; and mixtures thereof. However, there is no limitation on the types of alkaline pH adjusters, and any alkaline pH adjusting compound may be used. Specific, non-limiting examples of alkaline pH adjusting compounds are ammonia; sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, including hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate; sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, as well as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate, as well as sodium bisulfate and potassium bisulfate; monoethanolamine; trimethylamine; isopropanolamine; diethanolamine; and triethanolamine.

[0215] Examples of suitable acidic pH-adjusting compounds include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acids, inorganic acids, and polycarboxylic acids, including aminocarboxylic acids. Non-limiting examples of inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Some examples of aminocarboxylic acid salts include N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, hypozoxytriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), etc. Suitable carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, lactic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, uric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, levulinic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, benzoic acid, eicosanoic acid, or combinations thereof.

[0216] The composition may contain a pH adjuster in amounts of about 0% to about 5% by weight or about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0217] Viscosity modifier

[0218] Viscosity modifiers may optionally be used to increase or decrease the viscosity of the composition. One or more viscosity modifiers may be used to obtain a desired viscosity, for example, less than 150 cp, more preferably less than 100 cp, and even more preferably less than 50 cp. Example viscosity modifiers include, but are not limited to, inorganic salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, etc.), polymers (polyacrylates, cellulose derivatives, etc.), gums (guar gum and guar gum derivatives, xanthan gum, etc.), inorganic salts (calcium chloride, etc.), and organic solvents (alcohols, glycol ethers, etc.). The composition may contain a viscosity modifier in amounts from about 0% to about 5% by weight or from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, including all integers within these ranges.

[0219] Skin adjuvants / skin health agents

[0220] This composition may contain one or more skin adjuvants / skin health agents. The terms skin adjuvant and skin health agent are used interchangeably herein and generally include any substance that improves or maintains epidermal health. Some examples include, but are not limited to, emollients, skin conditioning agents, humectants, occlusive agents, antioxidants, vitamins, nutrients, moisturizers, or combinations thereof.

[0221] The composition may contain emollients, including but not limited to dioctyl carbonate, dibutyl adipate, hexyl laurate, dioctyl ether, and propylheptaethyl octanoate. It may also include ethoxylated natural and synthetic oils. Examples include C12-15 alkyl benzoate, triglyceride caprylate, triglyceride caprylate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, octyl dodecyl alcohol, decyl oleate, glyceryl cocoate, ethylhexyl stearate, cetearyl isonononate, cetyl ethylhexanoate, decyl cocoate, cetyl dimethicone, ethylhexyl palmitate, PPG-11 stearyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, and PPG-14 butyl ether.

[0222] These materials may also include derivatives of water-soluble oils and waxes, ethoxylated fats and oils, lanolin ethoxylates; examples include monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides, as well as butter, and hydrogenated versions of seed oils and nut oils, including but not limited to: palm oil, coconut oil, vegetable oils, avocado oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, safflower seed oil, meadowfoam seed oil, blueberry seed oil, watermelon seed oil, olive oil, cranberry oil, macadamia seed oil, etc. Argan oil, pomegranate seed oil, argan oil, blueberry seed oil, raspberry seed oil, walnut oil, pecan oil, peanut oil, bayberry oil, mango seed oil, marula oil, castor oil, shea butter, jojoba oil, hydrolyzed jojoba oil, carnauba resin, carnauba wax, castor oil isostearate, heptyl stearate succinate, cetyl ricinoleate, oleyl erucic acid, sucrose monostearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose tristearate, sucrose tetrastearate. Cetyl alcohol, lanolin, lanolin ethoxylate, low molecular weight polyethylene wax, low molecular weight polypropylene wax, PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-80 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-30 glyceryl stearate, PEG-8 castor oil ester, PEG-8 raspberry oleate, linear (also known as bis) and side-chain versions including hydroxyl-terminated and methyl ether-terminated versions; PEG-3 to PEG-32 polydimethylsiloxanes (including but not limited to: PEG-3 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-8 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-10 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-11 methyl ether polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-12 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-14 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-17 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG-32 polydimethylsiloxane), bis-PEG / PPG-20 / 20 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG / PPG 20 / 23 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG / PPG 20 / 22 butyl ether polydimethylsiloxane, PEG / PPG 23 / 6 polydimethylsiloxane, PEG / PPG 20 / 15 polydimethylsiloxane.

[0223] Alkyl-modified polydimethylsiloxanes (stearoyl polydimethylsiloxane, behenoxy polydimethylsiloxane, cetyl polydimethylsiloxane, cetearyl polymethylsiloxane C30-45 alkyl cetearyl polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, C30-45 alkyl polydimethylsiloxane, octanoyl polymethylsiloxane, PEG-8 polydimethylsiloxane / dimer dilinoleic acid copolymer, bis-PEG-10 polydimethylsiloxane / dimer dilinoleic acid copolymer, stearyl polymethylsiloxane / polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, dioleyl polydimethylsiloxane) Methylsiloxane, lauryl polyglycerol-3 polydimethylsiloxane-ethyl polydimethylsiloxane, lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxane-ethyl polydimethylsiloxane), polydimethylsiloxane fluid (>20cst), quaternized ammonium organosilicon polymer, amino silicone, polysiloxane quaternary ammonium salt-18, amino polydimethylsiloxane, phenyl polytrimethylsiloxane, amino organosilicon polyether, polyglycerol-3 disiloxane polydimethylsiloxane, polyglycerol-3 polydimethylsiloxane-ethyl polydimethylsiloxane and PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxane-ethyl polydimethylsiloxane.

[0224] This composition may contain one or more skin conditioning agents to provide skin moisturizing, skin softening, skin barrier maintenance, anti-irritation, or other skin health benefits. Some non-limiting examples of additional skin conditioning agents include cationic and nonionic guar gum and its derivatives, alkyl benzoates, myristyl myristate, cetyl myristate, gelatin, lactic acid, dioleyl glycerol, methyl laurate, PPG-9 laurate, lauroyl lactylate, allantoin, octyl palmitate, lanolin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, octyl glycol, monobutyl ether, glycerin, fatty acids, proline, natural oils such as almond oil, mineral oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, pyrrolidine, wheat germ oil, hydrolyzed wheat protein, and hydrolyzed oat protein. Hydrolyzed collagen, corn oil, peanut oil and olive oil, isopropyl myristate, myristol, aloe vera, algae extract, cocamidopropyl PG dimethyl ammonium chloride phosphate, gluconic acid, hydrolyzed silk protein, 1,3-propanediol, vitamin E, niacinamide, stearyl alcohol, isopropyl palmitate, sorbitol, amino acid complex, panthenol, cocamidopropyl PG dimethyl ammonium chloride, quaternized hydrolyzed proteins such as collagen, oat protein, wheat protein, inositol, fructose, sucrose, hydrolyzed plant protein, seaweed extract, polyethylene glycol, ammonium lactate, sodium hyaluronate and cyclic peptides.

[0225] Some non-limiting examples of wetting agents include hydroxyethyl urea, agarose, urea, fructose, glucose, glutamic acid, glycerol, honey, lactose, maltose, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, and mixtures thereof.

[0226] Some non-limiting examples of occlusive agents include ethoxylated petrolatum, ethoxylated versions of shea butter, avocado oil, peppermint oil, cod liver oil, mineral oil, trimyristic acid glyceryl, stearate, synthetic waxes, or mixtures thereof.

[0227] Some non-limiting examples of moisturizers include ethylhexylglycerin, cholesterol, cystine, hyaluronic acid, keratin, lecithin, egg yolk, glycine, PPG-12, polyquaternium polymers such as polyquaternium-11, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 linoleic ammonium chloride, glyceryl oleate, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, coco glucoside, PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl palmitate, panthenol, retinol, salicylic acid, vegetable oils, methyl glucetol polyether-10, methyl glucetol polyether-20, ethoxylated derivatives of skin conditioning agents such as glyceryl polyether-26 and ethoxylated shea butter, and mixtures thereof. Finally, some non-limiting examples of compounds that also act as anti-irritants include bisabolol and panthenol.

[0228] Skin health products may contain antioxidants to improve skin condition by removing free radicals and to improve product stability. Some non-limiting examples of antioxidants include retinol and retinol derivatives, ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives, BHA, BHT, beta-carotene, cysteine, isoascorbic acid, hydroquinone, tocopherol and tocopherol derivatives, etc.

[0229] When present, one or more skin health agents may be present individually or in total in amounts of about 0.01% by weight to about 15% by weight, preferably about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight, more preferably about 0.01% by weight to about 2% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0230] Additional functional ingredients

[0231] The composition may optionally be combined with one or more additional functional ingredients. The functional ingredients provide the composition with the desired properties and functions. For the purposes of this application, the term "functional ingredient" includes materials that provide beneficial properties for a particular use when dispersed or dissolved in a solution of use or a concentrated solution (such as an aqueous solution). Some specific examples of functional materials are discussed in more detail below; although the specific materials discussed are given by way of example only, a wide variety of other functional ingredients can be used.

[0232] Additional functional ingredients may include additional defoamers, bleaching agents or optical brighteners, water-soluble regulators, buffers, dye transfer inhibitors, dispersants, stabilizers, multivalent chelating agents or chelating agents for coordinating metal ions and controlling water hardness, microbial synergists, fragrances, dyes / colorants, rheology modifiers or thickeners, water-soluble growth promoters or coupling agents, buffers, solvents, pH buffers, colorants, etc.

[0233] Colorant

[0234] The composition may optionally contain a colorant. Preferred colorants include natural and synthetic colorants or dyes. Most preferably, the colorant includes FD&C Blue 1 (Sigma Chemical), FD&C Yellow 5 (Sigma Chemical), Direct Blue 86 (Miles), Fastusol Blue (Mobay Chemical Corp.), Acid Orange 7 (American Cyanamid), Basic Violet 10 (Sandoz), Acid Yellow 23 (GAF), Acid Yellow 17 (Sigma Chemical), Sap Green (Keyston Analine and Chemical), Keystone Analine and Chemical, Acid Blue 9 (Hilton Davis), Sandlan Blue / Acid Blue 182 (Sandoz), Hisol Fast Red (Capitol Color and Chemical), F&C Red 33, Fluorescein (Capitol Color and Chemical), Acid Green 25 (Ciba-Geigy), or combinations thereof.

[0235] In one respect, the colorant or dye may include dyes that are generally considered safe. Suitable dyes include, but are not limited to, FDC Blue #1, FDC Blue #2, FDC Green #3, FDC Red #3, FDC Red #4, FDC Red #40, Violet #1, FDC Yellow #5, and FDC Yellow #6.

[0236] antimicrobial agents

[0237] In some embodiments, the composition may optionally include an antimicrobial agent or a disinfectant. Disinfectants, also known as antimicrobial agents, are chemical compositions that can be used in solid functional materials to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of material systems, surfaces, etc. Generally, these materials belong to specific categories, including phenols, halogen compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, metal derivatives, amines, alkanolamines, nitro derivatives, anilines, organosulfur and sulfur-nitrogen compounds, and hybrid compounds.

[0238] Some examples of common antimicrobial agents include phenolic antimicrobial agents such as pentachlorophenol, o-phenylphenol, chloro-p-benzylphenol, and p-chloro-m-xylenol. Halogenated antibacterial agents include sodium trichloroisocyanurate; sodium dichloroisocyanurate (anhydrous or dihydrate); iodine-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) complexes; bromine compounds such as 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol; and quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride, dialcyldimethylammonium chloride, dialkyldimethylammonium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, choline diiodide, tetramethylphosphonium tribromide, or combinations thereof.

[0239] Other suitable antimicrobial agents include, for example, hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-meta-triazine, dithiocarbamates (such as sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate), and chloroxylenol (also known as p-chloro-meta-xylenol).

[0240] Cationic surfactants may also be used in this composition. Cationic active ingredients are typically cationic substances based on a nitrogen-centered cationic moiety with a net positive charge. Cationic surfactants include, for example, cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, cationic monomers, cationic silicon compounds, cationic-derived protein hydrolysates, and betaine having at least one cationic or cationic active group.

[0241] Suitable cationic surfactants preferably contain quaternary ammonium groups. Suitable cationic active ingredients particularly include those having the following general formula:

[0242] N (+) R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 X (-)

[0243] Where R 1 R 2 R 3 and R 4 Each group independently represents an alkyl group, aliphatic group, aromatic group, alkoxy group, polyoxyethylene group, alkylamide group, hydroxyalkyl group, aryl group, or H group. + Ions, each having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, provided that the group R is present. 1 R 2 R 3 and R 4 At least one of them has at least eight carbon atoms, and X(-) represents an anion, such as a halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, or alkyl sulfate, preferably a chloride ion. In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, the aliphatic group may also contain a crosslinking group or other groups, such as an additional amino group.

[0244] Specific cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC or benzalkonium chloride), alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, benzyl chloride, N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine, chlorhexidine gluconate, salts of chlorhexidine gluconate, PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), salts of biguanides, substituted biguanide derivatives, organic salts of quaternary ammonium compounds, or inorganic salts of quaternary ammonium compounds, or mixtures thereof. Suitable cationic surfactants may also include surfactants that are cationic under certain conditions (e.g., in acidic media), such as lauryl dimethylamine oxide, myristyl dimethylamine oxide, cetyl dimethylamine oxide, or combinations thereof.

[0245] The antimicrobial active agent may optionally be present in the composition in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, including all integers in these ranges.

[0246] Allocation method

[0247] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to methods for dispensing the compositions described herein, particularly when such dispensing methods are used as steps in methods for treating tissues or surfaces. In some dispensing methods, the compositions described herein are loaded into a dispensing device, preferably a hand sanitizer dispensing pump.

[0248] The dispensing device can be any suitable device capable of dispensing liquids, particularly foams. Examples of such devices are well known. For example, such a device may include a fluid reservoir, a dispensing mechanism, and an actuation mechanism that, upon actuation, displaces fluid from the reservoir, and the actuation mechanism is used to actuate the dispensing mechanism by movement of the actuation mechanism, wherein the actuation mechanism is adapted to be engaged by a user to move the actuation mechanism. The actuation mechanism may be engaged manually or by using a sensor. For example, for manual actuation, the dispensing device may include a fluid reservoir, a draw tube, a piston mechanism including a spring, a pump body, a lower piston rod, a pump plug, a cap, a gasket, a locking cap, and an upper piston rod, and a pump head, wherein the pump head is manually actuated by the user, and the interaction between the pump head and the piston mechanism draws liquid from the reservoir through the pump head. Alternatively, the dispenser may be an electrically or battery-powered “automatic” dispenser, wherein the actuation mechanism is actuated by sensing the presence of a user’s hand using a sensor, such as an infrared sensor, a capacitive sensor, or a light sensor.

[0249] In one aspect, the dispensing method includes: (a) providing a dispensing device comprising a fluid reservoir containing fluid, a pump, a pump head, and a pump actuation mechanism; and (b) moving the actuation mechanism to move fluid from the fluid reservoir and out of the pump head, thereby dispensing fluid at a predetermined minimum dose volume, dose density, and air-to-product ratio.

[0250] In the embodiments, the predetermined minimum dose volume is a composition of about 0.3 ml to about 1.0 ml, preferably about 0.3 ml to about 0.8 ml, and even more preferably about 0.5 ml to about 0.6 ml.

[0251] In the implementation scheme, the fluid has a viscosity of less than 50 Cp.s.

[0252] In the embodiments, the fluid has a predetermined density of about 18 ml / g to about 27 ml / g, more preferably about 18 ml / g to about 25 ml / g, and even more preferably about 18 ml / g to about 22 ml / g.

[0253] Methods of treating tissues or surfaces

[0254] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to a method for treating a surface or tissue, the method comprising contacting the surface or tissue with an effective amount of a composition, wherein the contact step lasts for a sufficient time to stabilize or reduce the microbial population on the surface or target.

[0255] In another embodiment, a method for cleaning a skin surface is provided, wherein the method includes contacting the cleaning composition disclosed herein with the skin surface / tissue, wherein the contact lasts for a sufficient time to stabilize or reduce the microbial population on the surface. In one embodiment, the skin surface is derived from a mammal. In yet another embodiment, the skin surface is derived from a non-human animal.

[0256] In one embodiment, the microbial population is Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the microbial population includes *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA), *Candida albicans*, *Salmonella enterica*, *Listeria monocytogenes*, human caliciviruses (HuCV), norovirus, or a combination thereof.

[0257] In some embodiments, the method further includes a rinsing step, wherein the surface to be cleaned is rinsed after the surface comes into contact with the composition.

[0258] The contact step can last for an appropriate period of time, such as at least about 10 seconds and up to several hours. More preferably, the contact can last for a period of time between about 10 seconds and about 3 hours, between about 20 seconds and about 1 hour, or between about 30 seconds and about 30 minutes.

[0259] The contact preferably reduces or eliminates one or more microorganisms or microbial populations. In an embodiment, the composition provides at least 2 logs of a microbial population. 10 The reduction, at least 3 log of the microbial population 10 The reduction, at least 4 log of the microbial population 10 The reduction or at least 5 log of the microbial population 10 The reduction.

[0260] Example

[0261] The embodiments of this disclosure are further defined in the following non-limiting examples. It should be understood that while these embodiments illustrate certain implementations, they are given by way of illustration only. As will be apparent from the foregoing discussion and these examples, those skilled in the art can identify the essential features and make various changes and modifications to the embodiments without departing from their spirit and scope to suit various uses and conditions. Therefore, various modifications to the embodiments described above, in addition to those shown and described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0262] Example 1

[0263] The compositions according to this disclosure were prepared according to Table 4, and their foam appearance was evaluated.

[0264] Table 4

[0265]

[0266] The formulation of Experiment 28 was dispensed into hand sanitizer dispensing pumps. Experiment 28 was dispensed into the first pump (“Product A”) at a dose of approximately 1 ml and a lower air-to-product ratio of approximately 10–15:1 (this is industry standard). Experiment 28 was also dispensed into a pump (“Product B”) at a lower dose of approximately 0.6 ml and a higher air-to-product ratio. One pump of each product was dispensed and placed in a tray. Users were asked to evaluate whether Product A or Product B was larger, or whether the two dispensed products were the same size. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0267] Table 5

[0268]

[0269] These findings indicate that the foam appearance of the compositions disclosed herein is not affected when dispensed at a higher product-to-air ratio. This is crucial because a lower foam volume or altered foam appearance would prompt users to dispense multiple doses to ensure sufficient product for proper handwashing.

[0270] Example 2

[0271] The formulation of Experiment 27 was dispensed into hand sanitizer dispensing pumps. Experiment 27 was dispensed into the first pump (“Product A”) at a dose of approximately 1 ml and a lower air-to-product ratio of approximately 10–15:1 (which is industry standard). Experiment 27 was also dispensed into a pump (“Product B”) at a lower dose of approximately 0.6 ml and a higher air-to-product ratio. — Dispensed into trays. Similarly, another commercially available hand sanitizer (Rubber Maid’s Extra Foaming Hand Sanitizer) was dispensed as a control composition (“Product C”). Product C is advertised as having high-density foam and is delivered at a concentration of approximately 0.4 ml. Users were asked to answer two questions: (1) which product produces more foam, and (2) which product has enough foam for proper handwashing without requiring multiple doses. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0272] Table 6

[0273]

[0274] As shown in Table 6, 33% of users felt that Product B produced more foam than Product A. 47% of users felt that Product A and Product B produced the same amount of foam. 50% of participants felt that Product B and Product C produced enough foam for proper handwashing without requiring multiple doses from the dispenser. 100% of participants felt that Product B produced more foam than Product C. 83% of participants felt that Product C produced enough foam for proper handwashing without requiring multiple doses from the dispenser.

[0275] These findings confirm that the appearance of the foam is crucial for users to maintain the handwashing experience without having to dispense the product multiple times, and further confirm that the compositions disclosed herein provide satisfactory foam volume and size even at lower concentrations.

[0276] Example 3

[0277] In hand sanitizer products, the desired foam characteristics should aim to provide users with an effective and satisfying handwashing experience. One description of the desired foam experience is foam density. Foam density refers to the concentration of material / product within a given volume of foam. It measures the mass present in the foam relative to the space it occupies. Foam that is too low in density may feel too airy and light, making it difficult to apply and distribute the product effectively. It may also lack the desired coverage, making it less efficient for its intended purpose. Additionally, users may find controlling and applying the foam challenging because it may be dispensed too quickly. On the other hand, if the foam density is too high, it may feel too heavy and difficult to dispense, potentially causing strain on the foam dispenser mechanism. An abnormally high foam density may also lead to the use of excessive product to achieve the desired coverage, resulting in waste and increased user costs. The ideal foam density should strike a balance between being light enough for easy application and still having enough material to effectively cover the desired area. This balance ensures that users achieve the desired results without feeling they need to use too much product or need to repeatedly dispense more product to wash their hands properly.

[0278] The formulations in Table 4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The foaming properties of these formulations were evaluated and compared with several commercially available control compositions. The results are shown in Tables 7 and 8. Figures 1 to 2 middle.

[0279] Table 7

[0280]

[0281] Table 8

[0282]

[0283] Based on the data in Tables 7 and 8, the preferred foam density range is about 18 ml / g to 27 ml / g, more preferably about 18 ml / g to 25 ml / g, and even more preferably about 18 ml / g to 22 ml / g. Rubbermaid chemical products are advertised as concentrated formulations and high-density foams, providing a density of 17.70 ml / g, which does not fall within the optimal density range.

[0284] Example 4

[0285] Beyond visual appeal and sufficient foam density, the ability of hand sanitizer to effectively remove dirt from hands is a fundamental tool for maintaining personal hygiene. Foaming hand sanitizer dispensed from an appropriate dispenser should efficiently remove dirt with a single application, eliminating the need for further dispensing. This robust performance ensures hygiene and enhances user confidence.

[0286] The cleaning ability of the composition was evaluated. Specifically, the removal performance of the hand sanitizer formulation on greasy dirt was evaluated. A mixture of greasy dirt containing shortening was applied to the test sample using a foam brush. The sample was allowed to cure overnight to ensure adhesion of the greasy dirt to the test surface. The formulation in Table 3 was prepared and poured into a shallow tray. The contaminated sample was then placed in the shallow tray and allowed to soak for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the sample was removed and rinsed for 30 seconds. The cleaned sample was then allowed to dry. The dirt removal was then calculated using the following formula:

[0287]

[0288] Among them W s Refers only to samples and dirt, W a Refers to the cleaned sample and dirt, and W b This refers to only the sample. Results are shown in... Figure 3 In the middle. For example Figure 3 As shown, the compositions disclosed herein provide improved dirt removal compared to comparable commercial formulations. In particular, even at lower concentrations (60%), the compositions provide improved dirt removal capabilities compared to a control.

[0289] Example 5

[0290] The formulations in Table 3 were prepared again in accordance with those in Example 1. The foaming properties of these formulations were evaluated against several commercially available control compositions. Analysis was performed using a SITA foam analyzer, evaluating 250 ml of the formulation from Example 1 at a stirring rate of 800 RPM. For testing purposes, some formulations were diluted to 40%–60% of their concentration. Foam was evaluated every 10 seconds, for a total of 99 reads. The SITA analyzer evaluated foam buildup (a measure of foam volume over time) and foam decay.

[0291] Samples of the relevant formulation were placed in a SITA analyzer. The SITA analyzer generates foam using an automated stirring mechanism and uses sensors to measure volume, foam structure, and foam decay. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0292] Table 9

[0293]

[0294] The results showed that the formulation disclosed herein produced equal foam heights at 60% dilution in 20 seconds (60% dilution simulates the pumping out of 0.6 ml of product).

[0295] Example 6

[0296] Next, the viscosity of the composition was evaluated. Viscosity plays a crucial role in ensuring that the foaming hand soap can be effectively dispensed as foam while maintaining a visually pleasing appearance. An appropriate viscosity level allows the soap to flow smoothly through the dispenser, producing well-formed and stable foam that users find satisfactory in terms of both texture and visual appeal. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0297] Table 10

[0298]

[0299] Based on the table above, in order to distribute the foaming hand sanitizer of this disclosure most efficiently with a high product-to-air ratio using a pump, the viscosity of the composition is preferably less than 150 Cp.s, and more preferably less than 50 Cp.s.

[0300] Example 7

[0301] Internally, 14-16 soap dispensers in selected restrooms were connected to a gateway for collecting actuation information. The first phase of the trial used Experiment 30, high dose, high product-to-air ratio. The second phase evaluated Experiment 30, 0.6 ml dose, high product-to-air ratio. The final phase evaluated Experiment 28, 0.6 ml dose, high product-to-air ratio, as shown in Table 11. Each phase of the trial lasted at least 30 days. Although the formulation was changed according to the trial phase, the dispensers remained the same throughout all phases of the trial. Results are shown in… Figure 4 middle.

[0302] like Figure 4 As shown, there were no significant differences in overall user behavior between the control formulation and the formulation of this disclosure, in terms of total product dispensed and repeated dispensing activities. This advantageously demonstrates that the compositions of this disclosure provide substantially similar user experience and performance, even at lower product concentrations.

[0303] Example 8

[0304] Next, sensory panel testing was conducted to understand user acceptability of the foaming hand sanitizer of this disclosure when dispensed at a low volume and high product-to-air ratio. Users were recruited to wash their hands and evaluate product performance. Users were asked to indicate their preferred product between Experiment 27 as shown in Example 1 and the control / competitive product.

[0305] Users were asked to select their preferred products based on multiple characteristics. Foam production, product feel during washing, rinsing power, cleaning power, post-wash skin feel, and overall preference for each product were evaluated. User responses to the questionnaires were tabulated and statistically analyzed to determine the relative acceptability of the test and control products. The results are shown in Table 11 and... Figures 5 to 6 middle.

[0306] Table 11

[0307]

[0308] Figure 5 The group's overall product preferences were shown, and Figure 6 The model prediction differences between the products are illustrated. A Tukey-adjusted multiple comparison procedure showed highly significant differences among all three products, as Experiment 27's score was closest to zero. It can be concluded that panel members preferred the foam production of Experiment 27, which, on average, fell between moisturizing and non-moisturizing handwashes.

[0309] These data indicate that, in handwashing experiments, most users preferred the compositions disclosed herein, or at least considered the user experience of the compositions disclosed herein to be comparable to that of existing products.

[0310] Example 9

[0311] The following packaging engineering laboratory qualification study characterized the ability of the foaming pump to consistently deliver a target volume of 0.6 ml per actuation. Eleven pumps were used as a sample. Pump actuation rates were used: a evacuation cycle of 3 seconds (20 times per minute) and a feeding cycle of 20 seconds (3 times per minute). After dispensing, the foam volume of each dose was measured. The target dose was 0.6 ml ± 10%. The product evaluated was Experiment 28 as described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 12.

[0312] Table 12

[0313]

[0314] As shown in Table 12, the initial output data were high on average. However, after a period of time (60 minutes), the dose tended to normalize. Therefore, on average, the existing foaming pump was able to consistently deliver the target dose of approximately 0.6 ml.

[0315] Example 10

[0316] The test formulations were prepared as shown in Table 13 below, and user evaluations were conducted based on foam, slip, and residue / stickiness. The results are shown in Table 14. For the compositions described in Table 3, the representative specific components evaluated are as follows: the phenolic preservative is phenoxyethanol, the betaine foam enhancer is cocamidopropyl betaine, the carboxylate preservative is sodium benzoate, the moisturizing skin health agent is glycerin, the APG auxiliary surfactant is lauryl / myristyl glucoside, such as Glucopon 625 UP, the anionic sulfate primary surfactant is SLES, the solvent is hexanediol, the skin conditioning skin health agent is aloe vera, the moisturizing skin health agent is panthenol, and the carboxylate pH adjuster is citric acid.

[0317] Table 3

[0318]

[0319] Table 4

[0320]

[0321] As shown in Table 4, Examples 1, 2 and 4 performed well, providing good foam and minimal residue.

[0322] The embodiments have been described thus, and it will be apparent that they can be varied in many ways. Such variations will not be considered as departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A foaming composition, the foaming composition comprising: Main surfactant; Auxiliary surfactants; Foaming agents; and Optional solvent; The composition described herein is a ready-to-use (RTU) liquid. When dispensed from the pump, the ready-to-use (RTU) liquid has an air-to-composition ratio between about 22-28 and about 1.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the main surfactant is sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, ether carboxylic acid, sulfonated fatty acid, cationic surfactant, C 12 -C 16 Salts of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, lauryl dimethylamine oxide, myristyl dimethylamine oxide, cetyl dimethylamine oxide, or combinations thereof.

3. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the auxiliary surfactant is C8-C. 16 Alkyl polyglucoside, C 12 -C 16 Alkyl polyglucoside, lauryl / myristyl glucoside, or combinations thereof.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the foaming promoter is caprylic / capric triglyceride, sorbitol sesquicaprylate, phospholipid, polyethylene glycol, caprylic / capric monoglyceride, cocamidopropyl PG-dimethylammonium chloride, cocamidopropyl betaine, or a combination thereof.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solvent is an alcohol, an alkanolamine, an etheramine, an ethylene glycol ether, hexanediol, or a combination thereof.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises: about 1% to about 15% by weight of the primary surfactant; about 0.25% to about 5% by weight of the auxiliary surfactant; about 0.25% to about 5% by weight of the foam promoter; and up to about 5% by weight of the solvent.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition further comprises additional functional ingredients, said additional functional ingredients including water, preservatives, pH adjusters, viscosity modifiers, skin health agents, antimicrobial agents, water-soluble regulators, fragrances, dyes, water-soluble growth promoters, buffers, additional surfactants, or combinations thereof.

8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the skin health agent comprises glycerin, aloe vera, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, vitamin E, panthenol, urea, methyl gluceth-20, sorbitol, or combinations thereof, and wherein the skin health agent is present in an amount of about 0.2% by weight to about 2% by weight.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pH of the composition is from about 4 to about 9.

5.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the composition is a foaming hand sanitizer.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the hand sanitizer does not irritate the user's skin and wherein the hand sanitizer does not leave residue on the user's skin.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than 50 Cp.s.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composition has a density of about 18 ml / g to about 27 ml / g.

14. A method for removing dirt from tissue or surface, the method comprising: Apply the foaming composition to tissues or surfaces; as well as Remove the dirt from the tissue or surface; The foaming composition comprises a primary surfactant, a secondary surfactant, a foam promoter, and an optional solvent, wherein the composition is a ready-to-use (RTU) liquid and, when dispensed from a pump, the RTU liquid has an air-to-composition ratio between about 22-28 and about 1.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of dispensing the composition using a foaming pump.

16. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, wherein the composition has a composition-to-air ratio between about 22-28 and about 1.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the composition is dispensed from the foaming pump at a dose of about 0.3 ml to about 0.8 ml.

18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the tissue is skin; wherein the surface is a hard surface, including a table, countertop, tile, floor, wall, panel, window, food processing surface or a combination thereof; and / or wherein the surface is a soft surface, including paper or textiles.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the method does not require the step of starting the pump.

20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the method does not require starting the pump more than once.

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