Method for regulating and controlling annual inoculation of freshwater pearl mussels with hook medium larvae

Abstract

A method for regulating and controlling freshwater pearl mussels to breed hook larvae all year round belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and comprises the following steps: selecting sexually mature freshwater pearl mussels, spreading the freshwater pearl mussels in a culture container according to the ratio of female to male being (8-12): 1, keeping the water depth to be 8-12 cm, and keeping the water temperature in the culture container to be 13-18 DEG C; the freshwater pearl mussels are fed with powder formed by mixing hyriopsis cumingii powder and cetyl freeze-dried powder once every 3-5 days, the feeding amount accounts for 6%-10% of the weight of the freshwater pearl mussels, the mass ratio of the hyriopsis cumingii powder to the cetyl freeze-dried powder is (5000-10000): 1, the seasonal limitation of breeding the adulterated larvae by the freshwater pearl mussels is broken through by regulating and controlling the water temperature and strengthening nutrition, and the breeding efficiency of the adulterated larvae is improved. According to the method, the freshwater pearl mussels can continuously breed medium larvae all the year round, the clam larvae can be supplied all the year round, a low-temperature drying sterilization method is adopted, germs can be killed, nutrient substances can be reserved to the maximum extent, and absorption and utilization of the freshwater pearl mussels are facilitated; finally, cyclic utilization is achieved, and waste is turned into wealth.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for regulating freshwater pearl mussel to spawn glochidia throughout the year. BACKGROUND

[0002] Freshwater pearl mussels not only have important economic value (such as cultivating pearls), but also have significant ecological value (such as water quality purification). Hyriopsis cumingii, Cristaria plicata and Anodonta woodiana are known as "three major pearl mussels" and support the freshwater pearl culture industry. Therefore, the demand for their seed is huge. The seed cultivation of freshwater pearl mussels is special and complex: during the natural breeding season (mainly in spring, March to May), female mussels discharge egg cells into their external gills, and absorb sperm discharged by male mussels in the water through water filtration, and then the sperm is fertilized in the external gills, and after embryonic development, glochidia are formed; then, the glochidia need to parasitize host fish (such as yellow catfish) to complete metamorphic development into mussel seed. Therefore, obtaining glochidia is the most critical link in the seed cultivation of freshwater pearl mussels. However, except for the natural breeding season - spring, the remaining seasons are "short of seed" due to the lack of glochidia. This greatly limits the development of the freshwater pearl culture industry.

[0003] Whale falls provide a huge, highly concentrated input of organic matter to the deep sea, and its main components are whale fat, bone and muscle tissue, which contain a large amount of cholesterol, stearic acid and other long-chain fatty acids and lipids that are difficult to be degraded by ordinary microorganisms. Existing studies have shown that bacteria of the genus Cetobacterium can specifically attach to these organic substrates and decompose them anaerobically or microaerobically through their unique enzyme system, thereby achieving efficient biological transformation of such recalcitrant organic matter.

[0004] Among the genus Cetobacterium, Cetobacterium somasei is the currently known model strain and the most representative species studied in the prior art. This strain has the following known characteristics: High-efficiency lipid degradation ability: it can use cholesterol and stearic acid as the main carbon source and energy source, which is the core metabolic characteristic that distinguishes it from most ordinary heterotrophic bacteria.

[0005] Adaptability to special habitats: its optimal growth and metabolic activity is often associated with anoxic environments, such as inside the sediments or tissues around the whale fall, which makes it have potential application value in anaerobic biological treatment processes.

[0006] Participation in sulfur cycle: during the metabolic process, some strains have the ability to reduce sulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide, which on the one hand connects organic matter decomposition with deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems, but on the other hand, if not properly controlled in the treatment system, it can lead to accumulation of hydrogen sulfide, causing corrosion or toxicity problems.

[0007] In view of the above, the present application innovatively breaks the seasonal limitation of freshwater pearl breeding mussels to breed glochidia larvae by regulating water temperature and strengthening nutrition, realizes uninterrupted breeding of glochidia larvae in all seasons, and promotes the year-round supply of mussel larvae. SUMMARY

[0008] The technical problem solved by the present application is that, in view of the seasonal limitation of freshwater pearl breeding mussels to breed glochidia larvae in the prior art, except for the natural breeding season-spring, there is a shortage of glochidia larvae in the remaining seasons, which greatly limits the development of freshwater pearl culture industry and other technical problems, the present application provides a method for regulating freshwater pearl breeding mussels to breed glochidia larvae all year round.

[0009] Technical scheme: A method for regulating freshwater pearl breeding mussels to breed glochidia larvae all year round, comprising the following steps: Step one: select sexually mature freshwater pearl breeding mussels, lay them in the breeding container at a ratio of female:male=8-12:1, and keep the water depth at 8-12 cm; Step two, regulate water temperature: keep the water temperature in the breeding container at 13-18℃; Step three, strengthen nutrition: feed the powder mixed by triangle sail bivalve powder and Cetobacterium somerae freeze-dried powder once every 3-5 days, the feeding amount accounts for 6%-10% of the body weight of freshwater pearl breeding mussels, and the mass ratio of triangle sail bivalve powder and Cetobacterium somerae freeze-dried powder is 5000-10000:1; Step four: real-time monitoring of water temperature and strengthening of nutrition in the breeding container to realize uninterrupted breeding of glochidia larvae in freshwater pearl breeding mussels all year round.

[0010] As a preferred, the sexually mature freshwater pearl breeding mussels in step one are laid in the breeding container at a ratio of female:male=10:1, and the water depth is kept at 10 cm.

[0011] As a preferred, the freshwater pearl breeding mussels are triangle sail bivalve, folded crown bivalve or back corner toothless bivalve.

[0012] As a preferred, the water temperature in the breeding container in step two is kept at 15℃.

[0013] As a preferred, the triangle sail bivalve powder in step three is the powder of triangle sail bivalve after the pearls are cut.

[0014] As a preferred, the Cetobacterium somerae freeze-dried powder in step three is Song's Cetobacterium somerae. Cetobacterium ceti

[0015] As a preferred, the mass ratio of triangle sail bivalve powder and Cetobacterium somerae freeze-dried powder in step three is 10000:1.

[0016] ​As preferred, the processing method of the powder of the three-angled freshwater pearl mussel in step three: after the pearl is taken out, the shell and the soft tissue are separated, and the shell and the soft tissue are placed separately at 55-65 DEG C for low-temperature drying and sterilization, and then are crushed into a powder with a particle size of 3-6 microns.

[0017] As preferred, the shell and the soft tissue are placed separately at 60 DEG C for low-temperature drying and sterilization, and then are crushed into a powder with a particle size of 5 microns.

[0018] As preferred, the mixed powder is fed once every 3 days, and the feeding amount accounts for 10% of the body weight of the freshwater pearl mussel.

[0019] Original explanation: through analyzing the intestinal microbial composition of the larvae and the adult of the freshwater pearl mussel, it is found that Cetobacterium is a core genus, and Cetobacterium is not only a key bacterial species of Cetobacterium, but also belongs to probiotics. Cetobacterium

[0020] Beneficial effects: the present application innovatively breaks the seasonal limitation (spring is the natural breeding period) of the freshwater pearl mussel to breed cyprid larvae by regulating the water temperature and strengthening the nutrition, realizes the uninterrupted breeding of the cyprid larvae throughout the year, and promotes the year-round supply of mussel larvae; in the existing technology, the three-angled freshwater pearl mussel after the pearl is taken out is often discarded and regarded as waste, but in fact, the soft tissue is rich in amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential constant and trace elements, and the shell is rich in calcium and essential constant and trace elements; the present application creates a low-temperature drying and sterilization method, which can kill bacteria and maximize the retention of nutrients; the superfine (5 micron particle size) powder is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the freshwater pearl mussel; and finally, the recycling and waste utilization are realized. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present application elaborate the technical solutions of the present application, and are intended to help those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present application. The Cetobacterium somerae in the present application is provided by Shanghai Keborui Biological Technology Co., Ltd., and the chemical reagents and experimental materials used in the embodiments can be obtained through commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0022] Example 1, a method for regulating the freshwater pearl mussel to breed cyprid larvae throughout the year, comprising the following steps: Step one: select the powder of the sexually mature three-angled freshwater pearl mussel, and place it in the breeding container at a ratio of female:male = 8:1, and keep the water depth at 8 cm; Step two, regulate the water temperature: keep the water temperature in the breeding container at 15 DEG C; ​Step three, strengthen nutrition: every 3 days feeding by the powder mixed from the triangle sail barge powder and the bacillus calobactrius freeze-dried powder once, the feeding amount accounts for 8% of the freshwater pearl breeding barge weight, wherein the mass ratio of the triangle sail barge powder and the bacillus calobactrius freeze-dried powder is 8000:1; The processing method of the triangle sail barge powder: after the pearl is taken out from the triangle sail barge, the shell and the soft tissue are separated, and the shell and the soft tissue are placed in the low temperature drying sterilization under the condition of 58 DEG C, and then the powder with 3um particle size is crushed; Step four: real-time monitoring of water temperature and strengthening nutrition in the breeding container, realizing the uninterrupted incubation of the hook juvenile of the triangle sail barge in all seasons.

[0023] Example 2, a method for regulating freshwater pearl breeding barge to incubate hook juvenile all year round, comprising the following steps: Step one: select the sexually mature back angle toothless barge, and lay flat in the breeding container according to the ratio of female to male 10:1, keeping the water depth 10cm; Step two, regulate water temperature: keep the water temperature in the breeding container at 18 DEG C; Step three, strengthen nutrition: every 4 days feeding by the powder mixed from the triangle sail barge powder and the bacillus calobactrius freeze-dried powder once, the feeding amount accounts for 10% of the freshwater pearl breeding barge weight, wherein the mass ratio of the triangle sail barge powder and the bacillus calobactrius freeze-dried powder is 10000:1; The processing method of the triangle sail barge powder: after the pearl is taken out from the triangle sail barge, the shell and the soft tissue are separated, and the shell and the soft tissue are placed in the low temperature drying sterilization under the condition of 60 DEG C, and then the powder with 5um particle size is crushed; Step four: real-time monitoring of water temperature and strengthening nutrition in the breeding container, realizing the uninterrupted incubation of the hook juvenile of the back angle toothless barge in all seasons.

[0024] Example 3, a method for regulating freshwater pearl breeding barge to incubate hook juvenile all year round, comprising the following steps: Step one: select the sexually mature back angle toothless barge, and lay flat in the breeding container according to the ratio of female to male 10:1, keeping the water depth 10cm; Step two, regulate water temperature: keep the water temperature in the breeding container at 18 DEG C; Step three, strengthen nutrition: every 4 days feeding by the powder mixed from the triangle sail barge powder and the bacillus calobactrius freeze-dried powder once, the feeding amount accounts for 10% of the freshwater pearl breeding barge weight, wherein the mass ratio of the triangle sail barge powder and the bacillus calobactrius freeze-dried powder is 10000:1; The processing method of the triangle sail barge powder: after the pearl is taken out from the triangle sail barge, the shell and the soft tissue are separated, and the shell and the soft tissue are placed in the low temperature drying sterilization under the condition of 60 DEG C, and then the powder with 5um particle size is crushed; Step four: real-time monitoring of water temperature and strengthening nutrition in the breeding container, realizing the uninterrupted incubation of the hook juvenile of the back angle toothless barge in all seasons.

[0025] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalent replacements; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the nature of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the whole year of fertile cultch of the freshwater pearl mussel glochidia, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one: select sexually mature freshwater pearl mussels, and lay them in a cultivation container at a ratio of female:male=8-12:1, with a water depth of 8-12 cm; Step two: control the water temperature in the cultivation container to be 13-18℃; Step three: intensify the nutrition by feeding the mixed powder of Hyriopsis cumingii powder and Cetobacterium ceti freeze-dried powder every 3-5 days, with a feeding amount of 6-10% of the body weight of the freshwater pearl mussel, and the mass ratio of Hyriopsis cumingii powder to Cetobacterium ceti freeze-dried powder being 5000-10000:1; Step four: monitor the water temperature and intensify the nutrition in the cultivation container in real time to achieve uninterrupted pregnancy of the freshwater pearl mussel and glochidia throughout the year.

2. The method for regulating the annual spawnability of the freshwater pearl mussel to produce glochidia according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the sexually mature freshwater pearl mussels are laid in a cultivation container at a ratio of female:male=10:1, with a water depth of 10 cm.

3. The method for regulating the annual spawnability of the freshwater pearl mussel to produce glochidia according to claim 1, characterized in that, The freshwater pearl mussels are Hyriopsis cumingii, Cristaria equestris, or Anodonta woodiana.

4. The method for regulating the year-round gestation of glochidia larvae in freshwater pearl mussels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the water temperature in the cultivation container is kept at 15℃.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the freshwater pearl mussel is made to be able to spawn the hookworm larvae throughout the year. In step three, the Hyriopsis cumingii powder is the powder of Hyriopsis cumingii after pearl extraction.

6. The method for regulating the year-round gestation of glochidia larvae in freshwater pearl mussels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Cetobacterium somerae in step three Cetobacterium ceti The lyophilized powder is Cetobacterium somerae.

7. The method for regulating the year-round gestation of glochidia larvae in freshwater pearl mussels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the mass ratio of Hyriopsis cumingii powder to Cetobacterium ceti freeze-dried powder is 10000:

1.

8. The method for regulating the year-round gestation of glochidia larvae in freshwater pearl mussels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the processing method of Hyriopsis cumingii powder is as follows: separate the shells and soft tissues of Hyriopsis cumingii after pearl extraction, and dry and sterilize the shells and soft tissues separately at a low temperature of 55-65℃, and then crush them into a powder with a particle size of 3-6 μm.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the freshwater pearl mussel is made to be able to spawn the hookworm larvae throughout the year. Separate the shells and soft tissues and dry and sterilize them at a low temperature of 60℃, and then crush them into a powder with a particle size of 5 μm.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the freshwater pearl mussel is made to be able to spawn the hookworm larvae throughout the year. In step three, feed the mixed powder every 3 days, with a feeding amount of 10% of the body weight of the freshwater pearl mussel.