Preparation method for increasing flavonol content of Abelmoschus manihot fermented feed for livestock

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method for increasing flavonol content of livestock by using abelmoschus manihot fermented feed, and relates to the technical field of fermented feed, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) raw material combination and pretreatment: taking 10-30 parts by mass of abelmoschus manihot, 20-40 parts by mass of corn, 10-20 parts by mass of rice bran, 10-20 parts by mass of wheat, 10-20 parts by mass of soybean, 5-15 parts by mass of cane sugar, 1-5 parts by mass of distiller's yeast and 5-15 parts by mass of abelmoschus manihot flower; the abelmoschus manihot and the abelmoschus manihot flowers are dried at the low temperature of 45-55 DEG C till the water content is lower than 10%, the corn, the wheat and the soybeans are smashed respectively and then subjected to steam sterilization at the temperature of 110-121 DEG C for 15-25 minutes, and the flavonol content and bioavailability are remarkably improved. The flavonoid substances in the raw materials are deeply released and biologically converted, so that the total flavonoid content in the final product is not lower than 50 mg / kg, most of the flavonoid substances are in a free state easy to absorb, and the biological activity is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fermented feed technology, specifically a method for preparing fermented feed containing increased flavonoid content in poultry and livestock. Background Technology

[0002] As livestock farming becomes more intensive and large-scale, issues related to feed safety, animal health, and antibiotic residues are becoming increasingly prominent. Developing functional feeds that can replace antibiotics, enhance animal immunity, and improve the quality of livestock products has become a hot research topic in the industry. Flavonoids are a class of natural active ingredients widely found in plants, possessing various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects. Their application in feed has great potential to promote animal health and improve production performance.

[0003] Golden hibiscus and yellow hibiscus flowers are plant resources rich in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and amino acids. However, in traditional feed applications, these plant materials are usually simply crushed and added directly. Their cell wall structure limits the dissolution and absorption of effective components such as flavonoids, resulting in low bioavailability. At the same time, anti-nutritional factors in the raw materials are not effectively removed, affecting the overall nutritional value of the feed.

[0004] Existing fermented feed technologies mostly focus on processing conventional raw materials such as soybean meal and corn to improve protein digestibility. However, there is still a lack of methods for in-depth development of special resources such as golden hibiscus and yellow hibiscus flowers, and for targeted enhancement of flavonoid content and bioactivity through specific processes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing fermented feed containing increased flavonoid content in poultry and livestock. This method solves the technical problem that existing fermented feed technologies mostly focus on processing conventional raw materials such as soybean meal and corn to improve protein digestibility, while there is still a lack of methods for in-depth development of special resources such as golden hibiscus and yellow hibiscus flowers to target and enhance flavonoid content and bioactivity through specific processes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing fermented feed containing increased flavonoid content in poultry and livestock, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material combination and pretreatment: Take 10-30 parts of golden sunflower, 20-40 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of wheat, 10-20 parts of soybean, 5-15 parts of cane sugar, 1-5 parts of yeast, and 5-15 parts of yellow hibiscus flowers according to the mass ratio; dry the golden sunflower and yellow hibiscus flowers at a low temperature of 45-55℃ until the moisture content is less than 10%, and pulverize the corn, wheat and soybean separately and then steam sterilize them at 110-121℃ for 15-25 minutes; (2) Composite grinding: Mix all the pretreated raw materials and add 0.5%-2% of the total mass of the mixture of cellulase and xylanase compound enzyme preparation, wherein the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase and xylanase is 1:(0.5-1), and then grind them together to 60-100 mesh; (3) Enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking: Add water to the pulverized mixture at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:3-1:8, keep it at 40-50℃, and stir at 80-150 rpm for 2-4 hours for enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. (4) Fermentation with compound microbial agent: 3%-8% of the total mass of compound microbial agent is added to the mixture after enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. The compound microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis in a live cell ratio of (3-5):(2-3):1. The mixture is first aerobic fermented at 30-37℃ for 12-36 hours, and then anaerobic sealed fermented for 4-8 days. (5) Post-fermentation treatment: After fermentation, the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content drops to 20%-30%, and a fermented feed base rich in flavonoids is obtained. (6) Product blending: The fermented feed base material and green grass are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 to obtain the final fermented feed. (7) Feeding method: The final fermented feed is directly fed to poultry and livestock.

[0007] Preferably, the mass fractions of the raw materials mentioned in step (1) are: 15-25 parts of golden sunflower, 25-35 parts of corn, 12-18 parts of rice bran, 12-18 parts of wheat, 12-18 parts of soybean, 8-12 parts of cane sugar, 2-4 parts of yeast, and 8-12 parts of yellow hibiscus flowers.

[0008] Preferably, the amount of the compound enzyme preparation added in step (2) is 1%, and the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase to xylanase is 1:0.8.

[0009] Preferably, the ratio of material to liquid in the enzymatic hydrolysis soaking in step (3) is 1:5, the temperature is 45°C, and the time is 3 hours.

[0010] Preferably, the inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent in step (4) is 5%, and the ratio of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis is 4:2:1.

[0011] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation time in step (4) is 24 hours and the anaerobic fermentation time is 6 days.

[0012] Preferably, the low-temperature drying in step (5) is carried out by airflow drying at a temperature of 55°C, so that the moisture content of the fermented feed base is reduced to 25%.

[0013] Preferably, the mixing ratio of the fermented feed base material and the green grass in step (6) is 1:2.

[0014] Preferably, the total flavonoid content in the final fermented feed prepared by this method is not less than 50 mg / kg.

[0015] Beneficial effects This invention provides a method for preparing flavonoid-rich fermented feed for poultry and livestock, which has the following advantages: Significantly improved flavonoid content and bioavailability: Through two key technologies, namely "compound enzymatic hydrolysis and cell wall breaking" and "multi-strain synergistic fermentation", flavonoids in the raw materials are deeply released and biotransformed, so that the total flavonoid content in the final product is not less than 50 mg / kg, and most of them are in the free state that is easily absorbed, with high biological activity.

[0016] The fermentation process produces abundant organic acids, small peptides, amino acids, and aromatic esters, which greatly improves the palatability of the feed, degrades anti-nutritional factors, and increases the digestibility and absorption of nutrients such as protein and fiber.

[0017] The flavonoids and probiotics in this product work together to effectively regulate the balance of intestinal flora in animals, enhance the body's antioxidant and immune functions, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and providing a solution for reducing or replacing the use of antibiotics.

[0018] This invention precisely optimizes key process parameters (temperature, time, and strain ratio), resulting in a clear process, controllable conditions, suitability for large-scale production, and promising application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0020] Example 1: A method for preparing flavonoid-enhancing fermented feed for poultry and livestock, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material combination and pretreatment: Take 10 parts of golden sunflower, 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of wheat, 10 parts of soybean, 5 parts of sugarcane sugar, 1 part of yeast, and 5 parts of yellow hibiscus flowers according to the mass ratio; dry the golden sunflower and yellow hibiscus flowers at a low temperature of 45°C until the moisture content is less than 10%, and pulverize the corn, wheat and soybean separately and then steam sterilize them at 110°C for 15 minutes; (2) Composite grinding: Mix all the pretreated raw materials and add 0.5% of the total mass of the mixture of cellulase and xylanase composite enzyme preparation, wherein the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase and xylanase is 1:0.5, and then grind them together to 60 mesh; (3) Enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking: Add water to the pulverized mixture at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:3, keep it at 40℃, and stir at 80 rpm for 2 hours for enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking; (4) Fermentation of compound microbial agent: 3% of the total mass of compound microbial agent is added to the mixture after enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. The compound microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis in a live cell ratio of 3:2:1. The mixture is first aerobic fermented for 12 hours at 30-37℃, and then anaerobic sealed fermented for 4 days. (5) Post-fermentation treatment: After fermentation, the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content drops to 20%, and a fermented feed base rich in flavonoids is obtained. (6) Product blending: The fermented feed base material and green grass are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the final fermented feed. The total flavonoid content in the final fermented feed obtained by this method is not less than 50 mg / kg. (7) Feeding method: The final fermented feed is directly fed to poultry and livestock.

[0021] Example 2: A method for preparing flavonoid-enhancing fermented feed for poultry and livestock, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material combination and pretreatment: Take 30 parts of golden sunflower, 40 parts of corn, 20 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of wheat, 20 parts of soybean, 15 parts of sugarcane sugar, 5 parts of yeast, and 15 parts of yellow hibiscus flowers according to the mass ratio; dry the golden sunflower and yellow hibiscus flowers at a low temperature of 55℃ until the moisture content is less than 10%, and pulverize the corn, wheat and soybean separately and then steam sterilize them at 121℃ for 25 minutes; (2) Composite grinding: Mix all the pretreated raw materials and add 2% of the total mass of the mixture of cellulase and xylanase compound enzyme preparation, wherein the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase and xylanase is 1:1, and then grind them together to 100 mesh. (3) Enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking: Add water to the pulverized mixture at a mass ratio of 1:8, keep it at 50°C, and stir at 150 rpm for 4 hours for enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. (4) Fermentation of compound microbial agent: 8% of the total mass of compound microbial agent is added to the mixture after enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. The compound microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis in a live cell ratio of 5:3:1. The mixture is first aerobic fermented for 36 hours at 37°C, and then anaerobic sealed fermented for 8 days. (5) Post-fermentation treatment: After fermentation, the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 60°C until the moisture content drops to 30% to obtain fermented feed base rich in flavonoids; (6) Product blending: The fermented feed base material and green grass are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain the final fermented feed. The total flavonoid content in the final fermented feed obtained by this method is not less than 50 mg / kg. (7) Feeding method: The final fermented feed is directly fed to poultry and livestock.

[0022] Example 3: A method for preparing flavonoid-enhancing fermented feed for poultry and livestock, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material combination and pretreatment: Take 20 parts of golden sunflower, 30 parts of corn, 15 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of wheat, 15 parts of soybean, 10 parts of sugarcane sugar, 3 parts of yeast, and 10 parts of yellow hibiscus flowers according to the mass ratio; dry the golden sunflower and yellow hibiscus flowers at a low temperature of 50°C until the moisture content is less than 10%, and pulverize the corn, wheat and soybean separately and then steam sterilize them at 117°C for 20 minutes; (2) Composite grinding: Mix all the pretreated raw materials and add 1% of the total mass of the mixture of cellulase and xylanase composite enzyme preparation, wherein the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase and xylanase is 1:0.8, and then grind them together to 80 mesh; (3) Enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking: Add water to the pulverized mixture at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:5, keep it at 45℃, and stir at 110 rpm for 3 hours for enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. (4) Fermentation of compound microbial agent: 5% of the total mass of compound microbial agent is added to the mixture after enzymatic hydrolysis and soaking. The compound microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis in a live cell ratio of 4:2:1. The mixture is first aerobic fermented for 24 hours at 34℃, and then anaerobic sealed fermented for 6 days. (5) Post-fermentation treatment: After fermentation, the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 55°C until the moisture content drops to 25% to obtain fermented feed base rich in flavonoids; (6) Product blending: The fermented feed base material and green grass are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain the final fermented feed. The total flavonoid content in the final fermented feed obtained by this method is not less than 50 mg / kg. (7) Feeding method: The final fermented feed is directly fed to poultry and livestock.

[0023] It should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. A method for improving the preparation of flavonoid-containing Malveifera alba fermented feed for poultry and livestock, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) raw material combination and pretreatment: taking abelmoschus manihot 10-30 parts by mass, corn 20-40 parts, rice bran 10-20 parts, wheat 10-20 parts, soybean 10-20 parts, sugar cane 5-15 parts, wine starter 1-5 parts, and hibiscus 5-15 parts; drying the abelmoschus manihot and hibiscus at a low temperature of 45-55 ℃ until the water content is less than 10%, and steam sterilizing the corn, wheat, and soybean at 110-121 ℃ for 15-25 minutes; (2) composite grinding: mixing all the pretreated raw materials, and adding 0.5%-2% of a composite enzyme preparation of cellulase and xylanase to the total mass of the mixture, wherein the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase to xylanase is 1:(0.5-1), and then co-grinding to 60-100 mesh; (3) enzyme hydrolysis and soaking: adding water to the ground mixture at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:3-1:8, and stirring at a temperature of 40-50 ℃ and a stirring speed of 80-150 rpm for 2-4 hours for enzyme hydrolysis and soaking; (4) composite microbial agent fermentation: inoculating 3%-8% of a composite microbial agent into the mixture after enzyme hydrolysis and soaking, wherein the composite microbial agent is composed of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacillus subtilis at an active bacteria number ratio of (3-5):(2-3):1, and first performing aerobic fermentation at 30-37 ℃ for 12-36 hours, and then performing anaerobic fermentation for 4-8 days; (5) fermentation post-treatment: drying the fermentation product at a low temperature of 50-60 ℃ until the water content is reduced to 20%-30%, to obtain a fermentation feed base rich in flavonoids; (6) product blending: uniformly mixing the fermentation feed base with green forage at a mass ratio of 1:1-1:3 to prepare a final fermentation feed; (7) feeding method: directly feeding the final fermentation feed to poultry.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) crushing the Malvea sylvestris leaves; 2) mixing the crushed leaves with water; 3) fermenting the mixture; 4) drying the fermented mixture; 5) crushing the dried mixture; and 6) mixing the crushed mixture with the fermented feed. In step (1), the mass parts of the raw materials are as follows: abelmoschus manihot 15-25 parts, corn 25-35 parts, rice bran 12-18 parts, wheat 12-18 parts, soybean 12-18 parts, sugar cane 8-12 parts, wine starter 2-4 parts, and hibiscus 8-12 parts.

3. The method for preparing flavonoid-enhancing fermented feed for poultry and livestock according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the composite enzyme preparation is added at an amount of 1%, and the enzyme activity ratio of cellulase to xylanase is 1:0.

8.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: fermenting the Malveifrazeferenda with a lactic acid bacteria to produce a fermented feed; and drying the fermented feed to obtain the fermented feed comprising flavonoids. In step (3), the material-to-liquid ratio of enzyme hydrolysis and soaking is 1:5, the temperature is 45 ℃, and the time is 3 hours.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: fermenting the Malveifrazeferenda with a lactic acid bacteria to produce a fermented Malveifrazeferenda; and extracting flavonoids from the fermented Malveifrazeferenda. In step (4), the inoculation amount of the composite microbial agent is 5%, and the active bacteria number ratio of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacillus subtilis is 4:2:

1.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: fermenting the Malvea sylvestris leaves with the microorganism to produce the fermented Malvea sylvestris leaves; and extracting the flavonoids from the fermented Malvea sylvestris leaves. In step (4), the aerobic fermentation time is 24 hours, and the anaerobic fermentation time is 6 days.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: fermenting the Malveifrazeferenda with a lactic acid bacteria to produce a fermented feed; and drying the fermented feed to produce the fermented feed comprising flavonoids. In step (5), the low-temperature drying is performed by air flow drying at a temperature of 55 ℃, so that the water content of the fermentation feed base is reduced to 25%.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: fermenting the Malvea sylvestris leaves with the microorganism to produce the fermented Malvea sylvestris leaves; and extracting the flavonoids from the fermented Malvea sylvestris leaves. In step (6), the mixing ratio of the fermentation feed base to green forage is 1:

2.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: fermenting the Malvea sylvestris leaves with the microorganism to produce the fermented Malvea sylvestris leaves; and extracting the flavonoids from the fermented Malvea sylvestris leaves. The total flavone content in the final fermentation feed prepared by the method is not less than 50 mg / kg.