PVC thin-wall cable material and processing method thereof
By preparing chemically bonded crosslinking plasticizers and flame retardants, the problems of insulation hardening and heat load sensitivity caused by plasticizer migration in PVC thin-walled cable materials at high temperatures were solved, thereby improving the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the cable.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
In high-temperature environments, plasticizer migration in PVC thin-walled cable materials leads to hardening and embrittlement of the insulation layer, resulting in a decrease in electrical insulation performance. Furthermore, the thin-walled design increases the sensitivity to heat load, requiring higher heat resistance and anti-aging capabilities.
By preparing a flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, chemically bonded plasticizers are formed by reacting 4-aminophthalic acid, chain fatty alcohol, vinyl ethylene oxide and phenylphosphodichloro, and a cross-linked network structure is formed in PVC resin. The performance is improved by combining radiation cross-linking technology.
It effectively solves the embrittlement problem caused by plasticizer migration, improves the heat resistance and mechanical properties of PVC thin-walled cables, enhances flame retardancy and compatibility, and extends the service life of cables.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of cable sheath, and particularly relates to a PVC thin-wall cable material and a processing method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable material has been widely used in the field of wire and cable due to its excellent electrical insulation, chemical resistance and outstanding cost advantage. With the rapid development of electronic and electrical equipment towards miniaturization and light weight, the market demand for PVC thin-wall cable material is increasingly urgent. Thin-wall design has obvious advantages in effectively reducing material cost, reducing cable volume and weight, but also introduces new technical problems.
[0003] In order to achieve the processing softness required by the thin-wall cable, a large amount of small molecule plasticizer needs to be added in the formula. These plasticizers are combined with the PVC matrix by physical action, and will continuously migrate in long-term use, especially in high temperature environment, the migration rate will be significantly improved, which will directly lead to the gradual hardening and embrittlement of the cable insulation layer or sheath, the decline of electrical insulation performance, and the influence on the service life of the cable. In addition, the thin-wall design itself aggravates the thermal load of the material. The reduction of the thickness of the insulation layer means the reduction of its heat capacity and thermal inertia. Under the same load flow, the actual working temperature of the insulation layer of the thin-wall cable is higher and the temperature rises faster. At the same time, the thinning of the material thickness also significantly reduces its safety margin and makes it more sensitive to thermal aging. Therefore, compared with conventional cables, thin-wall cables have more stringent requirements for the long-term heat resistance, thermal stability and anti-aging ability of the material.
[0004] To solve the above technical defects, the application provides a PVC thin-wall cable material and a processing method thereof. SUMMARY
[0005] The purpose of the application is to provide a PVC thin-wall cable material and a processing method thereof, which is used to solve the problems mentioned in the background.
[0006] The purpose of the application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0007] A processing method of a PVC thin-wall cable material, comprising the following steps:
[0008] Step 1: esterification of 4-amino phthalic acid and chain fatty alcohol to obtain a plasticizer;
[0009] The reaction process is as follows: 4-amino phthalic acid, chain fatty alcohol, p-toluenesulfonic acid and N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed in a reaction container, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 80-120℃ for 1.5-2.5h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction liquid is poured into deionized water for precipitation, and the solid is separated by filtration. The obtained solid is recrystallized to obtain a plasticizer.
[0010] The second step involves reacting the plasticizer with vinyl ethylene oxide via a ring-opening reaction to obtain a reactive plasticizer.
[0011] The reaction process is as follows: Plasticizer, vinyl ethylene oxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed in a reaction vessel and reacted at 40-60℃ for 2-4 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is poured into deionized water to precipitate. After filtering to separate the solid, the obtained solid is recrystallized to obtain the reactive plasticizer.
[0012] The third step involves reacting the reactive plasticizer with phenylphosphodichloro via a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain a flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function.
[0013] The reaction process is as follows: The reactive plasticizer, phenylphosphodichloro, triethylamine, and N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed in a reaction vessel and reacted at room temperature for 4 to 6 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is poured into deionized water to precipitate. After filtering and separating the solid, the obtained solid is recrystallized to obtain a flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function.
[0014] Step 4: After blending PVC resin, flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, and functional additives, melt extrusion granulation is performed to obtain PVC thin-walled cable material.
[0015] Furthermore, the chain-like fatty alcohol is one of n-octanol and 2-ethylhexanol.
[0016] Furthermore, the functional additives are antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers.
[0017] Furthermore, the mass ratio of 4-aminophthalic acid to chain fatty alcohol used in the first step is 18–22:28–36.
[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the plasticizer to vinyl ethylene oxide used in the second step is 32–38:6–8.
[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the reactive plasticizer to phenylphosphodichloro used in the third step is 30–36:7–8.
[0020] Furthermore, the mass ratio of PVC resin, flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, and functional additives used in step four is 80:35-45:0.5-3.
[0021] Furthermore, the temperature of the melt extrusion is 165–175°C.
[0022] Furthermore, after the cable material is extruded to obtain a cable, its heat resistance and mechanical properties can be further improved by radiation cross-linking.
[0023] A type of PVC thin-walled cable material, which is obtained by any of the above-mentioned process steps.
[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0025] 1) This invention prepares a plasticizer with double bonds in its structure. This plasticizer can be chemically bonded to the PVC molecular chain through radiation crosslinking, which effectively solves the migration and embrittlement problem caused by high additive plasticizers in PVC thin-walled cable materials.
[0026] 2) By reacting the flame-retardant structure with the plasticizer, this invention not only increases the relative molecular mass of the flame-retardant structure and improves the compatibility between the flame-retardant structure and the PVC part, but also enables the flame-retardant elements to be chemically bonded to the PVC molecular chain through radiation crosslinking, effectively mitigating the problem of decreased mechanical properties of PVC cable materials caused by compatibility defects of flame retardants.
[0027] 3) The cable material provided by this invention not only introduces more macromolecular aromatic ring compounds into its molecular structure, but also forms a cross-linked three-dimensional network structure inside PVC through irradiation cross-linking after the cable is obtained by extrusion molding, which effectively improves the heat resistance of PVC thin-walled cable material. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0029] It should be understood that the expression “one or more of…” individually includes each of the objects described after the expression, as well as various different combinations of two or more of the described objects, unless otherwise understood from the context and usage. The expression “and / or” combined with three or more described objects should be understood to have the same meaning, unless otherwise understood from the context.
[0030] It should be understood that the use of “including,” “having,” or “containing,” including its grammatical synonyms, should generally be understood as open-ended and non-restrictive, for example, not excluding other unstated elements or steps, unless otherwise specifically stated or understood from the context.
[0031] It should be understood that the order of the steps or the order in which certain actions are performed is not important as long as the invention remains operational. Furthermore, two or more steps or actions can be performed simultaneously.
[0032] Furthermore, the numerical ranges and parameters used to define the present invention are approximate values, and the relevant values in the specific embodiments have been presented as precisely as possible. However, any value inevitably contains standard deviations due to individual test methods. Therefore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it should be understood that all ranges, quantities, values, and percentages used in this disclosure are modified with the word "approximately". Here, "approximately" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.5% of a specific value or range.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] A method for processing PVC thin-walled cable material includes the following steps:
[0035] Step 1: Mix 18 parts by weight of 4-aminophthalic acid, 28 parts by weight of n-octanol, 3.4 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 100 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at 80°C for 2.5 hours. After the reaction is complete, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate the solid. After filtering to separate the solid, recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain the plasticizer.
[0036] Step 2: According to the mass fraction, mix 32 parts of plasticizer, 6 parts of vinyl ethylene oxide, and 80 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at 40°C for 4 hours. After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate, filter to separate the solid, and recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain the reactive plasticizer.
[0037] Step 3: According to the mass fraction, mix 30 parts of reactive plasticizer, 7 parts of phenylphosphodichloro, 8 parts of triethylamine, and 90 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at room temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate, filter to separate the solid, and recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain a flame retardant plasticizer with crosslinking function.
[0038] Step 4: By weight, 80 parts of PVC resin, 35 parts of flame retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, and 0.5 parts of antioxidant 1010 are blended and then melt-extruded and granulated at a temperature of 165°C to obtain PVC thin-walled cable material.
[0039] A type of PVC thin-walled cable material, which is obtained by any of the above-mentioned process steps.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] A method for processing PVC thin-walled cable material includes the following steps:
[0042] Step 1: Mix 20 parts by weight of 4-aminophthalic acid, 32 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexanol, 3.8 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 110 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at 100°C for 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate the solid. After filtering and separating the solid, recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain the plasticizer.
[0043] Step 2: Mix 35 parts plasticizer, 7 parts vinyl ethylene oxide, and 90 parts N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel according to the mass fraction. React at 50°C for 3 hours. After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate. After filtering to separate the solid, recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain the reactive plasticizer.
[0044] Step 3: According to the mass fraction, mix 33 parts of reactive plasticizer, 7.5 parts of phenylphosphodichloro, 9 parts of triethylamine, and 100 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at room temperature for 5 hours. After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate, filter to separate the solid, and recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain a flame retardant plasticizer with crosslinking function.
[0045] Step 4: By weight, 80 parts of PVC resin, 40 parts of flame retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, 1.5 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.25 parts of UV-326 are blended and then melt-extruded and granulated at a temperature of 170℃ to obtain PVC thin-walled cable material.
[0046] A type of PVC thin-walled cable material, which is obtained by any of the above-mentioned process steps.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] A method for processing PVC thin-walled cable material includes the following steps:
[0049] Step 1: According to the mass fractions, 22 parts of 4-aminophthalic acid, 36 parts of 2-ethylhexanol, 4.2 parts of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 120 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide are mixed in a reaction vessel and reacted at 120℃ for 1.5 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is poured into deionized water to precipitate. After filtering to separate the solid, the obtained solid is recrystallized to obtain the plasticizer.
[0050] Step 2: According to the mass fraction, mix 38 parts of plasticizer, 8 parts of vinyl ethylene oxide, and 100 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at 60°C for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate, filter to separate the solid, and recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain the reactive plasticizer.
[0051] Step 3: According to the mass fraction, mix 36 parts of reactive plasticizer, 8 parts of phenylphosphodichloro, 10 parts of triethylamine, and 90 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide in a reaction vessel and react at room temperature for 4 hours. After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into deionized water to precipitate, filter to separate the solid, and recrystallize the obtained solid to obtain a flame retardant plasticizer with crosslinking function.
[0052] Step 4: By weight, 80 parts of PVC resin, 45 parts of flame retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, 1.5 parts of antioxidant 1035, 0.5 parts of antioxidant 168, and 1 part of UV-327 are blended and then melt-extruded and granulated at a temperature of 175℃ to obtain PVC thin-walled cable material.
[0053] A type of PVC thin-walled cable material, which is obtained by any of the above-mentioned process steps.
[0054] Comparative Example 1
[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, instead of preparing a cross-linking flame retardant plasticizer, 25 parts of diisooctyl phthalate plasticizer, 15 parts of triphenyl phosphate flame retardant, and 5 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate sensitizer were mixed and used to replace the cross-linking flame retardant plasticizer in the raw materials.
[0056] Comparative Example 2
[0057] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, instead of preparing a cross-linking flame retardant plasticizer, 25 parts of diisooctyl phthalate plasticizer and 20 parts of triphenyl phosphate flame retardant were mixed to replace the cross-linking flame retardant plasticizer in the raw materials.
[0058] Experimental Example 1
[0059] Cables were obtained by extruding and plasticizing the cable materials from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The cables from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were then subjected to radiation crosslinking. Following this, the tensile strength and elongation at break of each component sample were tested according to the national standard GB / T 1040.2-2022. After undergoing accelerated thermal aging tests (135℃×168h), the tensile strength and elongation at break of each component cable were repeatedly tested. The migration loss mass ratio of the plasticizer was measured after heat treatment at 70℃ for 24h according to the industry standard ISO 177:2016 (with the original sample mass as w0 and the migration loss mass as w1, w1 / w0 is the migration loss mass ratio). The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0060] Table 1
[0061] As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention achieves a better improvement effect on PVC thin-walled cable material by integrating flame retardant, plasticizing and cross-linking functions at the molecular level.
[0062] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the present invention, including manufacturing and using any device or system, and implementing any combined method. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A processing method for PVC thin-walled cable material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The first step is to esterify 4-aminophthalic acid with a chain fatty alcohol to obtain a plasticizer; The second step involves reacting the plasticizer with vinyl ethylene oxide via a ring-opening reaction to obtain a reactive plasticizer. The third step involves reacting the reactive plasticizer with phenylphosphodichloro via a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain a flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function. Step 4: After blending PVC resin, flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, and functional additives, melt extrusion granulation is performed to obtain PVC thin-walled cable material.
2. The processing method of PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chain-like fatty alcohol is one of n-octanol and 2-ethylhexanol.
3. The processing method of a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional additives are antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers.
4. The processing method of a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of 4-aminophthalic acid to chain fatty alcohol used in the first step is 18-22:28-36.
5. The processing method of a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of plasticizer to vinyl ethylene oxide used in the second step is 32-38:6-8.
6. The processing method of a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of reactive plasticizer to phenylphosphodichloro used in the third step is 30-36:7-8.
7. The processing method of a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of PVC resin, flame-retardant plasticizer with cross-linking function, and functional additives used in step four is 80:35-45:0.5-3.
8. The processing method of a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the melt extrusion is 165–175°C.
9. A processing method for a PVC thin-walled cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the cable material is extruded into a cable, its heat resistance and mechanical properties can be further improved by radiation cross-linking.
10. The PVC thin-walled cable material obtained by the processing method of claim 1.