A building envelope system complex wind field and temperature field coupling loading detection device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a building envelope complex wind field and temperature field coupling loading detection device for complex wind field and temperature field coupling loading detection of a building envelope test piece, comprising: a coupling loading frame; a test piece mounting frame arranged on the coupling loading frame and used for fixing a structural layer of the test piece; a horizontal reciprocating loading device comprising a first loading unit and a second loading unit, which are respectively arranged at longitudinal two ends of the coupling loading frame, simulate the temperature field effect of the building envelope, and at least one of the first loading unit and the second loading unit is adjustable in height position; a vertical lifting device arranged above the test piece mounting frame and simulating the wind field effect of the building envelope; and a panel linkage locking device used for locking a panel or an upper panel of a double-layer panel of the test piece. The present disclosure can reproduce the stress state of the building envelope under the complex wind field and temperature field coupling effect through dynamic coupling loading of a building envelope connecting device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of engineering testing, particularly to the performance testing technology of building envelope systems, specifically to a testing device for the coupled loading of complex wind and temperature fields in building envelope systems. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the safety and durability of building envelope systems have received widespread attention. Due to the complex structure of building envelope systems, especially large-span spatial structures such as stadiums, exhibition centers, airport terminals, and large transportation hubs, these buildings are large in scale and size, and subject to complex external environmental loads. The envelope system directly bears the external loads and is also subject to complex wind and temperature field effects during service. Under the coupled effects of these complex wind and temperature fields, failure is likely to occur. Specifically, during operation, the complex structural layers and uneven heating of the panels and components cause temperature stress due to thermal expansion and contraction, leading to deterioration of the connection structure and reduced load-bearing capacity. Under the negative pressure of wind loads, connection failure is prone to occur.

[0003] However, there are currently few testing systems and methods for detecting the complex wind and temperature field coupling effects on building envelope systems. While testing equipment for wind uplift resistance of newly built envelope systems is relatively mature, it often uses pressure chambers to simulate negative wind pressure. However, this equipment mainly targets the ultimate wind resistance capacity and does not consider the impact of temperature stress on the deterioration of connecting components during operation. It cannot effectively simulate the phenomenon that the overall deterioration of the connecting structure caused by the expansion and contraction of the panels due to temperature changes during actual operation, which further leads to a reduction in vertical wind resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main objective of this disclosure is to provide a detection device for the coupled loading of complex wind field and temperature field on a building envelope system, which can reproduce the stress state of the building envelope system under the coupled action of complex wind field and temperature field.

[0005] The technical solution disclosed herein is as follows:

[0006] A device for coupled loading detection of complex wind and temperature fields in a building envelope system is provided for detecting the coupled loading of complex wind and temperature fields on a building envelope system specimen. The specimen includes at least a panel and a structural layer. The coupled loading detection device comprises:

[0007] Coupled loading framework;

[0008] A specimen mounting frame is disposed on the coupling loading frame for fixing the structural layers of the specimen, and the specimen mounting frame is longitudinally slidable on the coupling loading frame;

[0009] A horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading device includes a first loading unit and a second loading unit, which are respectively installed at the longitudinal ends of the coupled loading frame. The device is used to horizontally reciprocate to push the specimen mounting frame to perform horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading on the panel and / or structural layer of the specimen, simulating the temperature field effect of the enclosure system. At least one of the first loading unit and the second loading unit is adjustable in installation height.

[0010] A vertical tensioning device, positioned above the specimen mounting frame, is used to apply a vertical tension load to the specimen's panels to simulate the wind field effect of the enclosure system; and

[0011] A panel linkage locking device is provided at least at one end of the longitudinal direction of the coupled loading frame for locking the panel or the upper and / or lower panel of the specimen.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the coupled loading framework includes:

[0013] The first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam are arranged opposite each other at the longitudinal ends of the coupled loading frame, and the installation height of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam on the coupled loading frame is adjustable to suit the height adjustment of specimens with different structures.

[0014] The first longitudinal beam, at least two of which are spaced apart and connected between the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam, and the first longitudinal beam is provided with a longitudinal guide rail for the longitudinal sliding of the guide wheel of the specimen mounting frame.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the specimen mounting frame includes:

[0016] The second longitudinal beam, at least two second longitudinal beams are arranged at intervals and correspond one-to-one with the two first longitudinal beams, and the guide wheel is provided on the second longitudinal beam;

[0017] An adjustable mounting beam is provided, with multiple adjustable mounting beams arranged at intervals and connected between the second longitudinal beams, and the horizontal mounting position of the adjustable mounting beams on the second longitudinal beams is adjustable to accommodate the maximum length of the specimen under allowable displacement.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the first loading unit includes a first servo motor, which is mounted on one of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam, and its output end is connected to the specimen mounting frame to perform horizontal cyclic loading on the panel and / or structural layer of the specimen.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the mounting height of the first servo motor on one of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam is adjustable.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the second loading unit includes an oil source actuator, which is installed on the other of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam, and its output end is connected to the specimen mounting frame to perform horizontal cyclic loading on the structural layers of the specimen.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the vertical lifting device includes:

[0022] A reaction frame, spanning the coupling loading frame, is installed above the specimen mounting frame;

[0023] The second servo motor is installed on the top of the reaction frame. Its output end applies a vertical upward pull load to the panel of the specimen to simulate the wind field effect of the enclosure system.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the panel linkage locking device includes:

[0025] The third servo motor drives the first linkage knob through a horizontal transmission rod on each side.

[0026] The vertical transmission rods have one end connected to the first linkage knob and can rotate axially. The other end of the two vertical transmission rods is fitted with two sets of second linkage knobs at intervals in the vertical direction. The two sets of second linkage knobs can move up and down when the vertical transmission rods rotate axially.

[0027] Clamping arms, the two sets of clamping arms are respectively connected and fixed to the second linkage knob, so as to clamp and lock the panel or the upper and / or lower panel of the test piece when the second linkage knob moves up and down.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the horizontal cyclic loading includes three loading modes:

[0029] Mode 1: The panel linkage locking device connects the panel of the specimen or the upper and / or lower panel of the double-layer panel. The output end of the first servo motor and / or the oil source actuator is connected to the specimen structural layer through the specimen mounting frame to apply a horizontal cyclic reciprocating load to the specimen structural layer.

[0030] Mode 2: The panel linkage locking device is connected to the lower panel of the double-layer panel, and the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the upper panel of the double-layer panel to apply a horizontal cyclic reciprocating load to the upper panel.

[0031] Mode 3: The output end of the oil source actuator is connected to the specimen structure layer through the specimen mounting frame, and the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the upper panel of the double-layer panel. At the same time, horizontal cyclic reciprocating loads in opposite directions are applied to the specimen structure layer and the upper panel.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the coupled loading of complex wind and temperature fields includes three loading modes:

[0033] Mode 1: Apply a vertical load to the panel using a vertical lifting device to determine the maximum load at the connection point. Then apply a horizontal cyclic load. After the horizontal cyclic loading is completed, apply a vertical load to the panel using a vertical lifting device. When the result is basically consistent with the maximum load at the connection point, the test is considered passed.

[0034] Mode 2: Determine the ultimate load under the coupled action of complex wind and temperature fields. While applying horizontal cyclic load, apply vertical load to the panel through a vertical lifting device to determine the ultimate load of the specimen under coupled loading.

[0035] Mode 3: After applying a horizontal cyclic load, a vertical cyclic load is applied to the panel to simulate the effect of wind vibration under wind load on the enclosure system under deteriorated state after temperature stress.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this disclosure compared to the prior art are as follows: This disclosure proposes a detection device for coupled loading of complex wind and temperature fields in a building envelope system. By dynamically coupling the loading of the connecting devices of the building envelope system, it can reproduce the stress state of the building envelope system under the coupled action of complex wind and temperature fields. Specifically, a better understanding can be obtained from at least one or more of the following practical effects:

[0037] (1) In this disclosure, a horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading device is designed. The horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading simulates the deterioration of the connection device of the large-size enclosure system under the action of horizontal reciprocating motion caused by the change of ambient temperature difference. It reproduces the stress state of the enclosure system under the coupling effect of complex wind field and temperature field. It can not only detect the connection performance between the panel and the structural layer of the enclosure system, but also detect various types of enclosure systems such as the connection performance between double-layer panels used for reinforcement and maintenance. By controlling the loading of force or displacement, it can realize the function of detecting the coupling complex loading of the large-size enclosure system.

[0038] (2) In this disclosure, a vertical lifting device is designed. Through the synergistic effect of horizontal cyclic loading and vertical lifting loading, vertical tensile tests, horizontal cyclic load tests and vertical tensile tests after horizontal cyclic load tests are carried out on the specimen. The allowable displacement difference between the panel and the structure in the horizontal direction of the enclosure system and between the double-layer panels can be obtained. The maximum length of the enclosure system under the allowable displacement can be verified, or the ultimate load under the coupling effect of complex wind field and temperature field can be detected, providing data support for the design and construction of building enclosure system.

[0039] (3) In this disclosure, the design of the coupling loading frame, adjustable beam, first and second loading units, panel linkage locking device and other devices are all for the purpose of adapting to the testing requirements of building envelope system specimens of different types, structures and working conditions. Through the refined design of the device, the loading requirements of the coupled testing method of complex wind field and temperature field are met; one end adopts a more powerful oil source actuator, which can meet the high power and high load loading requirements.

[0040] It should be understood that the implementation of any embodiment of this disclosure does not mean that it will simultaneously possess or achieve multiple or all of the above-mentioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0042] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this disclosure can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and purposes that this disclosure can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein.

[0043] Figure 1 An exemplary three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a coupling loading detection device provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0044] Figure 2 An exemplary three-dimensional structural schematic diagram (another perspective) of a coupling loading detection device provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0045] Figure 3 An exemplary schematic diagram of a coupling loading detection device provided in this disclosure is shown from the side view.

[0046] Figure 4 An exemplary top view of a coupling load detection device provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0047] Figure 5 An exemplary diagram illustrates a specimen mounting frame structure of a coupling loading detection device provided in this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 6 An exemplary schematic diagram of the vertical lifting device structure of a coupling loading detection device provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0049] Figure 7 An exemplary schematic diagram of a panel linkage locking device structure of a coupling loading detection device provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0050] Figure 8 An exemplary diagram of a horizontal cyclic loading-load-deformation curve of a coupled loading detection device provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0051] Marked in the image:

[0052] Coupled loading frame 1, first adjustable crossbeam 11, second adjustable crossbeam 12, first longitudinal beam 13, longitudinal guide rail 131;

[0053] Specimen mounting frame 2, second longitudinal beam 21, guide wheel 211, adjustable mounting crossbeam 22;

[0054] Panel linkage locking device 3, third servo motor 31, horizontal transmission rod 32, first linkage knob 33, vertical transmission rod 34, second linkage knob 35, clamping arm 36, flexible locking pad 361;

[0055] Horizontal reciprocating loading device 4, first loading unit 41, first servo motor 411, second loading unit 42, oil source actuator 421, oil tank 422, oil distributor 423, inner tooling 424, outer tooling 425;

[0056] Vertical lifting device 5, reaction frame 51, second servo motor 52;

[0057] Transmission and Control System 6.

[0058] The same or corresponding marks in the diagram indicate the same or corresponding parts. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the embodiments of this disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of this disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain this disclosure, but are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0060] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "comprising / including," "consisting of," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but may also include, where necessary, other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product, apparatus, process, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising / including," "consisting of," does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product, apparatus, process, or method that includes said element.

[0062] It should also be understood that the terms “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component, or structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0064] Given the current scarcity of testing devices and methods for detecting the coupled effects of complex wind and temperature fields on building envelope systems, this disclosure provides a testing device for the coupled loading of complex wind and temperature fields on building envelope systems. This device can comprehensively test the performance of building envelope systems under the coupled effects of complex wind and temperature fields and provides multiple loading modes to meet the corresponding performance testing needs of building envelope systems under various working conditions. It provides data support for safety assessment during the design, construction, or operation of building envelope systems.

[0065] The implementation of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0066] See Figures 1 to 4 The present disclosure provides a complex wind field and temperature field coupled loading detection device for building envelope system, which mainly includes: a coupled loading frame 1, a specimen installation frame 2, a panel linkage locking device 3, a horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading device 4, and a vertical lifting device 5.

[0067] As is easily understood, the building envelope test specimen includes at least a structural layer and panels. The structural layer of the building envelope refers to the key structural layer that supports and maintains the overall stability of the envelope system. Its main function is to bear loads, transmit forces, and maintain the structural integrity of the envelope system. It can typically include the following components: purlin system, keel system, base plate, connectors, U-shaped transition pieces and anchors, structural insulation layer, sound insulation layer, structural waterproof and breathable layer, etc. The panels of the building envelope system refer to the outermost layer of the envelope system, which is directly exposed to the outdoor environment. It is mainly used to resist natural factors such as wind, rain, ultraviolet rays, and temperature changes. For example, it can include metal profiled panels, skylight strips, photovoltaic roofs, decorative panels, etc. As for metal profiled panels, they are usually divided into single-layer panels and double-layer panels (double-layer profiled sheets).

[0068] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the coupled loading detection device first includes a coupled loading frame 1, which serves as the main frame structure of the entire coupled loading detection device and bears the installation carrier for each loading device and detection device. It should be noted that the specific structural composition and template of the coupled loading frame 1 are disclosed without specific limitations. Figure 1 , Figure 2 All of them show a "bed-type" structure, but it is clear that their structural form can be flexibly designed.

[0069] The coupled loading frame 1 can be equipped with vertical load-bearing structures such as frame legs to support it on the test site ground, as well as necessary longitudinal and transverse frame beams. In a specific embodiment of this disclosure, the coupled loading frame 1 specifically includes a first adjustable crossbeam 11 and a second adjustable crossbeam 12. The first adjustable crossbeam 11 and the second adjustable crossbeam 12 are arranged opposite each other at the longitudinal ends of the coupled loading frame 1, and the installation height of the first adjustable crossbeam 11 and the second adjustable crossbeam 12 on the coupled loading frame 1 is adjustable. Specifically, in this embodiment, multiple bolt holes are vertically provided on the frame legs, and the first adjustable crossbeam 11 and the second adjustable crossbeam 12 are fixed by bolts, and the installation height can be vertically adjusted on the frame legs. In this way, by adjusting the arrangement height of the first adjustable crossbeam 11 and the second adjustable crossbeam 12 on the coupled loading frame 1, it is suitable for the height adjustment of specimens with different structures, and meets the usage conditions of specimens with different enclosure systems.

[0070] It should be noted that the first adjustable crossbeam 11 and the second adjustable crossbeam 12 serve as "transverse beams" in the entire coupled loading frame 1, but are not limited to the "beam" structural form, that is, their cross-sectional shape and size can be flexibly designed. Figure 1 , Figure 2The diagram shows a plate structure with a large cross-sectional width (height), which is particularly advantageous in this disclosure as it facilitates the subsequent installation of loading units and allows for easy adjustment of the installation height of the loading units.

[0071] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 The coupling loading frame 1 also includes a first longitudinal beam 13. At least two first longitudinal beams 13 are arranged longitudinally, with the two first longitudinal beams 13 spaced apart. Their ends are respectively connected and fixed to a first adjustable crossbeam 11 and a second adjustable crossbeam 12. The purpose of setting the first longitudinal beam 13 is to arrange the specimen mounting frame 2 on it. In order to facilitate the longitudinal movement of the specimen mounting frame 2 during the loading process, this embodiment provides a longitudinal guide rail 131 on the upper surface of the first longitudinal beam 13. The length of the longitudinal guide rail 131 is equal to the length of the first longitudinal beam 13 or at least covers the middle section of the first longitudinal beam 13, so that the guide wheels of the specimen mounting frame 1 can slide longitudinally within it.

[0072] The specimen mounting frame 2 is mounted on the coupling loading frame 1 and is used to fix the structural layers of the specimen. In one specific embodiment, as shown... Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 5 The specimen mounting frame 2 includes a second longitudinal beam 21 and an adjustable mounting crossbeam 22. At least two second longitudinal beams 21 are provided. The two second longitudinal beams 21 are arranged at intervals and are arranged on the first longitudinal beams 13 in a one-to-one correspondence with the two first longitudinal beams 13. Similarly, in order to facilitate the free movement of the specimen mounting frame 2 in the longitudinal direction, multiple guide wheels 211 are provided at intervals at the bottom of the second longitudinal beams 21. The guide wheels 211 are embedded in the longitudinal guide rails 131 of the first longitudinal beams 13. In this way, the specimen mounting frame 2 is stably maintained while facilitating its free movement in the longitudinal direction.

[0073] In addition, multiple adjustable installation beams 22 are arranged between the two second longitudinal beams 21. These adjustable installation beams 22 are spaced apart and their ends are bolted to the two second longitudinal beams 21 respectively, thus forming a closed frame structure on which the enclosure system test specimen is installed. Specifically, the test specimen is fixed by fixing the structural layers of the enclosure system. During installation, the fixing method is determined according to the specific form of the enclosure system. For example, the keel, purlins, connectors, insulation layer, waterproof / windproof layer, etc., of the enclosure system are fixed to the second longitudinal beams 21 and the adjustable installation beams 22 by bolting / welding.

[0074] In this embodiment, the adjustable mounting beams 22 are further configured to have an adjustable horizontal position on the second longitudinal beam 21, making them suitable for verifying the maximum length of the specimen under allowable displacement. Specifically, the second longitudinal beam 21 has multiple bolt holes spaced at intervals. The number and spacing of the multiple adjustable mounting beams 22 can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific form of the enclosure system specimen. For example, the number of adjustable mounting beams 22 can be increased or decreased, and the spacing between two adjacent adjustable mounting beams 22 can be increased or decreased to meet the fixing needs of different specimen structural layers.

[0075] For the horizontal reciprocating loading device 4, see also Figure 1-5 In one specific embodiment, horizontal cyclic loading devices 4, including a first loading unit 41 and a second loading unit 42, are respectively arranged at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the coupled loading frame 1. These devices are used to horizontally and reciprocally push the specimen mounting frame 2 arranged on the first longitudinal beam 13 to perform horizontal cyclic loading on the panel and / or structural layer of the specimen. By performing horizontal cyclic loading on the specimen, the temperature field effect of the enclosure system is simulated. It is easy to understand that the first loading unit 41 and the second loading unit 42 can perform loading independently, or they can simultaneously apply horizontal cyclic loads to the panel and / or structural layer of the specimen as needed.

[0076] Preferably, at least one of the first loading unit 41 and the second loading unit 42 has an adjustable installation height. In this embodiment, the first loading unit 41 is installed on a first adjustable crossbeam 11 at one end of the coupling loading frame 1, and the second loading unit 42 is installed on a second adjustable crossbeam 12 at the other end of the coupling loading frame 1. Both the first adjustable crossbeam 11 and the second adjustable crossbeam 12 have a large cross-sectional width (height), which facilitates adjusting the installation height of the first loading unit 41 on the first adjustable crossbeam 11. For example, it can be installed near the lower, middle, or upper part of the first adjustable crossbeam 11, and the same applies to the second loading unit 42 on the second adjustable crossbeam 12. By designing that at least one of the first loading unit 41 and the second loading unit 42 has an adjustable installation height, both can apply horizontal cyclic reciprocating loads to different structural parts of the enclosure system, either individually or simultaneously. For example, they can apply loads to the structural layer individually or simultaneously, or to the panel (the upper panel of a double-layer panel), thus greatly expanding the loading modes of the device.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the first loading unit 41 includes a first servo motor 411, which is mounted on a first adjustable crossbeam 11. For example, the first adjustable crossbeam 11 has multiple rows of bolt holes vertically preset. The first adjustable crossbeam 11 is fixed at an appropriate height position by bolts. The output end of the first servo motor 411 is connected to the specimen mounting frame 2. The specimen mounting frame 2 performs horizontal cyclic loading on the specimen panel and / or structural layer mounted and fixed thereon.

[0078] Here, the output end of the first servo motor 411 has an output rod, on which a force sensor is mounted or integrated, and the end of the output rod can be connected to the adjustable mounting beam 22 of the specimen mounting frame 2 by means of a tooling.

[0079] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 The second loading unit 42 includes an oil-source actuator 421, mounted on the second adjustable crossbeam 12. Its output end is connected to the specimen mounting frame 2 to perform horizontal cyclic loading on the structural layers of the specimen. Considering the weight of the oil-source actuator, it is designed to be in a fixed position in this embodiment, i.e., its height is not adjustable. At the same time, the oil-source actuator has greater power to meet the requirements of high-power and high-load loading. Therefore, the oil-source actuator only performs horizontal cyclic loading on the structural layers of the specimen. It is easy to understand that the second loading unit 42 also includes an oil tank 422, an oil distributor 423, a lead screw output rod, and data monitoring units such as force sensors and displacement sensors installed in appropriate positions.

[0080] Here, the second loading unit 42 also includes an inner tooling 424 and an outer tooling 425 disposed at the output end of the oil source actuator 421. The inner tooling 424 and the outer tooling 425 are connected to the specimen mounting frame 2. Specifically, the inner tooling 424 abuts against the output end of the oil source actuator 421, and the outer tooling 425 is connected to the adjustable mounting beam 22 by bolts. The vertical relative position between the inner tooling 424 and the outer tooling 425 can be adjusted appropriately, which can realize the function of slightly adjusting the relative height between the oil source actuator 421 and the specimen mounting frame 2.

[0081] Specifically, the inner tooling 424 is a steel plate with horizontal and vertical bolts, and the outer tooling 425 is an L-shaped steel plate with horizontal and vertical bolts. The bottom surface of the L-shaped steel plate is connected to the specimen mounting frame 2 by bolts. The bolt holes between the inner tooling 424 and the outer tooling 425 can be appropriately staggered to adjust the vertical relative position of the inner tooling 424 and the outer tooling 425.

[0082] For the vertical lifting device 5, see Figure 1-4 It is set above the specimen mounting frame 2 and is used to apply vertical upward load to the panel of the specimen to simulate the wind field effect of the enclosure system.

[0083] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the vertical lifting device 5 first includes a reaction frame 51, which is installed above the specimen mounting frame 2 in a manner that spans the coupling loading frame 1. The reaction frame 51 includes two vertical legs and a crossbeam that provides reaction force. The two vertical legs can be bolted to the coupling loading frame 1. A connecting rod can be further added to the bottom of the two vertical legs to maintain the stability and overall rigidity of the reaction frame 51.

[0084] It should be noted that the figure shows a set of reaction frames 51. Of course, according to the actual needs of vertical loading of the enclosure system panel, multiple sets of reaction frames 51 can be set at intervals. Multiple sets of reaction frames 51 are installed above the specimen installation frame 2 in a way that spans the coupling loading frame 1, and are distributed at both ends, the middle and other positions of the specimen installation frame 2.

[0085] The vertical lifting device 5 also includes a second servo motor 52, which is mounted on top of the reaction frame 51, for example, by connecting and fixing it to the top crossbeam of the reaction frame 51 via a flange or bolts at the motor base. Using the vertical reaction force from the reaction frame 51, the output of the second servo motor 52 applies a vertical upward pulling load to the panel of the specimen, simulating the wind field effect of the enclosure system. A force sensor is installed or integrated at the output of the second servo motor 52 to collect data.

[0086] To address the unique characteristics of coupled loading on building envelope systems, the coupled loading monitoring and detection device disclosed herein is further equipped with a panel linkage locking device 3, such as... Figure 1-4 The panel linkage locking device 3 is set at one or both ends of the longitudinal direction of the coupled loading frame 1 to lock the panel of the specimen or the upper / lower panel of the double-layer panel, so that when the horizontal cyclic loading device 4 applies horizontal cyclic load to the panel and / or structural layer of the specimen, certain structural parts remain fixed, or provide multiple loading modes.

[0087] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the panel linkage locking device 3 includes: a third servo motor 31, a horizontal transmission rod 32, a first linkage knob 33, a vertical transmission rod 34, a second linkage knob 35, and a clamping arm 36.

[0088] Specifically, the panel linkage locking device 3 adopts a symmetrical structure. A horizontal transmission rod 32 is connected to each side of the third servo motor 31, and each horizontal transmission rod 32 drives a first linkage knob 33. The first linkage knobs 33 on both sides are connected to the lower end of a vertical transmission rod 34. The first linkage knobs 33 can be connected by a bevel gear combination, converting the axial rotation of the horizontal transmission rod 32 into the axial rotation of the vertical transmission rod 34. The vertical transmission rod 34 is a double-reverse threaded screw, with a left-hand thread on the upper side and a right-hand thread on the lower side. The upper ends of the two vertical transmission rods 34 are vertically aligned. The spacer is equipped with two sets of second linkage knobs 35, which are located in opposite thread directions. When the vertical transmission rod 34 rotates axially, the two sets of second linkage knobs 35 can move up and down on the vertical transmission rod 34. Since a clamping arm 36 is connected and fixed on the second linkage knob 35, the two sets of clamping arms 36 on the same vertical transmission rod 34 are positioned opposite each other. The upper or lower second linkage knob 35 can also be manually adjusted to adjust the relative position of the two sets of clamping arms 36. In this way, the panel of the test piece or the upper panel of the double-layer panel can be clamped and locked when the second linkage knob 35 moves up and down.

[0089] The length and specific shape of the clamping arms 36 are determined according to actual usage requirements. In addition, flexible locking pads 361 are provided on the opposite sides of the ends of the two sets of clamping arms 36 to enhance the clamping and locking effect on the panel.

[0090] In addition, the coupled loading detection device is also equipped with a transmission and control system 6. The transmission and control system 6 is connected to each servo motor, each sensor, and the oil distributor 423 motor, controlling the horizontal cyclic loading and vertical lifting loading actions and data transmission. The transmission and control system 6 can be composed of components such as a microprocessor, computer, PLC, and servo controller.

[0091] Based on the coupled loading detection device provided in this disclosure, horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading includes three loading modes:

[0092] Mode 1: The panel linkage locking device 3 connects to the panel of the specimen or the upper and / or lower panel of the double-layer panel. The output end of the first servo motor 411 and / or the oil source actuator 421 is connected to the specimen structure layer through the specimen mounting frame 2 to apply a horizontal cyclic reciprocating load to the specimen structure layer.

[0093] Mode 2: The panel linkage locking device 3 is connected to the lower panel of the double-layer panel, and the output end of the first servo motor 411 is connected to the upper panel of the double-layer panel to apply a horizontal cyclic reciprocating load to the upper panel.

[0094] Mode 3: The output end of the oil source actuator 421 is connected to the specimen structure layer through the specimen mounting frame 2, and the output end of the first servo motor 411 is connected to the upper panel of the double-layer panel. At the same time, horizontal cyclic reciprocating loads in opposite directions are applied to the specimen structure layer and the upper panel.

[0095] Based on the coupled loading detection device provided in this disclosure, further coupled loading of complex wind fields and temperature fields also includes three loading modes:

[0096] Mode 1: Apply a vertical load to the panel using the vertical lifting device 5 to determine the maximum load at the connection point. Then apply a horizontal cyclic load. After the horizontal cyclic loading is completed, apply a vertical load to the panel using the vertical lifting device 5. When the result is basically consistent with the maximum load at the connection point, the test is considered passed.

[0097] This loading mode simulates conventional working conditions. Before the test, a vertical tensile load is applied, and after the horizontal cyclic loading is completed, a vertical tensile load is applied again. That is, by performing a vertical tensile load before and after the horizontal cyclic loading, the results of the two vertical tensile loading tests are compared to see if they are consistent. If the results of the two tensile loading tests are basically consistent and not much different, it indicates that the horizontal cyclic loading has not caused temperature stress degradation to the specimen.

[0098] Here, the number of horizontal cyclic loading cycles is determined based on the actual situation (e.g., considering a 30-year service life, 1 time / day × 365 × 30 ≈ 10). 4 N can be set to 10 4 The cyclic loading period is determined by the horizontal displacement, and ranges from 3 to 12 seconds.

[0099] Mode 2: Determine the ultimate load under the coupled action of complex wind and temperature fields. While applying a horizontal cyclic load, apply a vertical load to the panel through the vertical lifting device 5. The failure strength (maximum load) determined by the test is the ultimate load of the specimen under coupled loading.

[0100] This loading mode simulates more complex working conditions. When the profiled metal sheet is already affected by temperature stress and the larger panels shrink, it is subjected to vertical wind loads to test the ultimate bearing capacity of the profiled metal sheet system.

[0101] Mode 3: After applying a horizontal cyclic load, a vertical cyclic load is applied to the panel to simulate the effect of wind vibration under wind load on the enclosure system under deteriorated state after temperature stress.

[0102] This loading mode simulates a working condition with strong wind vibration. After horizontal cyclic loading, vertical cyclic loading is applied under the design load. Compared with uniaxial vertical loading, the wind load pulsation effect in this working condition is more severe, verifying whether the specimen can withstand the influence of wind vibration under the deteriorated state after temperature stress.

[0103] Building envelope systems in engineering projects are complex, composed of multiple functional layers. This testing device simulates the deterioration and failure of structural connections within the building envelope due to varying horizontal expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences in the temperature field. Deteriorated building envelopes are more prone to connection failure under wind conditions. The vertical negative wind pressure applied by this testing device is a vertical pull-up test conducted under conditions of temperature-induced deterioration, providing a more realistic simulation of the actual load environment resulting from the coupling of complex wind and temperature fields within the building envelope.

[0104] Application example:

[0105] Taking a double-layer profiled sheet enclosure system specimen (interlocking type) in an engineering project as an example, the double-layer profiled sheet specimen includes an upper panel, a heat insulation bracket, bolts, a lower panel, a fixing bracket, and self-tapping screws. According to the actual engineering structure, the upper panel and the lower panel of the double-layer profiled sheet specimen are connected by the heat insulation bracket and bolts. The lower panel of the double-layer profiled sheet specimen is fixedly connected to the specimen installation frame 2 through the structural layer (fixing bracket, self-tapping screws, purlins, etc.). The panel linkage locking device 3 locks the upper panel of the double-layer profiled sheet specimen.

[0106] 1. Test Procedure:

[0107] 1) Vertical tensile loading test;

[0108] 2) Horizontal cyclic loading test;

[0109] 3) Vertical tensile loading test after horizontal cyclic loading test.

[0110] 2. Record items:

[0111] 1) Vertical tensile loading test:

[0112] ① Vertical load acting on the panel (measured by a force sensor);

[0113] ② Vertical displacement of the panel;

[0114] ③ The deformation and damage that occur on the specimen during the test.

[0115] 2) Horizontal cyclic loading test:

[0116] ① Horizontal load (force sensor) acting on the panel;

[0117] ② Horizontal displacement (upper panel, connecting structure, lower panel);

[0118] ③ Damage to various locations on the specimen after the test.

[0119] 3) Vertical tensile loading test following horizontal cyclic loading test:

[0120] ① Vertical load acting on the panel (measured by a force sensor);

[0121] ② Vertical displacement of the panel;

[0122] ③ The deformation and damage that occur on the specimen during the test.

[0123] 3. Experimental process and phenomena:

[0124] Before conducting the horizontal cyclic loading test, a vertical tensile loading test was conducted. The vertical load was applied to the maximum design load value of 6673kN (given by the design and calculated based on the local wind load standard value and the specimen area) through the second servo motor 52, the output rod, and the force sensor. The double-layer profiled sheet specimen did not fail, and the maximum vertical displacement was measured to be 23mm.

[0125] Then, a horizontal cyclic loading was applied, considering the reciprocating load caused by temperature expansion and contraction. The upper panel of the double-layer profiled sheet specimen was locked and fixed by the panel linkage locking device 3, and the horizontal cyclic load was applied using the hydraulic actuator 421. The linear expansion coefficient of the profiled steel sheet is α = 12 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / ℃, length L0=30m, the expansion and contraction ΔL of unrestrained profiled steel sheet under a temperature difference ΔT 50℃ is calculated as follows:

[0126] ΔL=α L0 ΔT=18mm

[0127] With a safety factor of 2, the allowable displacement difference λ = 2 × 18 = 36 mm.

[0128] The number of cycles will be determined based on the actual project conditions. Considering a service life of 30 years, we will take N=10. 4 (1 time / day × 365 days × 30 years). The time taken for one cycle of cyclic loading is determined by the horizontal displacement, which is taken as 8 seconds.

[0129] A horizontal cyclic loading test was conducted, with 10 cycles of horizontal loading. 4 Each cycle of loading is 36mm. Observe whether there is obvious damage to the thermal insulation bracket, fixed bracket, and profiled sheet panel. Record the horizontal displacement of the upper panel, connecting structure (thermal insulation bracket), and lower panel. The load-deformation curves during horizontal cyclic loading are shown below. Figure 8 As shown.

[0130] Depend on Figure 8 It is evident that the upper panel of the profiled metal sheet underwent significant deformation (elastic / plastic deformation occurred between the upper panel and the lower connecting device under horizontal cyclic loading), while the deformation of the thermal insulation bracket and the lower panel of the profiled metal sheet was minimal, essentially elastic deformation. With increasing cycle count, the hysteresis curve of the plate showed deformation, and the load at maximum displacement decreased. The load at maximum panel deformation was related to the number of cycles, reaching a maximum load of 1575 N at 1000 cycles, after which the load gradually decreased. During the cyclic loading process, no significant damage such as breakage occurred in the thermal insulation bracket, and the specimen remained in good condition.

[0131] Release panel linkage locking device 3, and conduct vertical tensile loading test on the specimen after the horizontal cyclic loading test to determine the maximum strength of the thermal insulation bracket. No failure occurred when loaded to the design maximum load value of 6673kN, which is basically consistent with the result of the vertical tensile loading test before the horizontal cyclic loading test, and the test is judged to be passed.

[0132] As described above, the coupled loading test specimen installation frame provided in this disclosure facilitates the installation of building envelope system test specimens. It also includes a horizontal cyclic loading device and a vertical lifting device. By adjusting the loading position of the test specimen installation frame and the panel linkage locking device, horizontal loading can be applied to different types of test specimens and different connection structures of the test specimens. This provides three different loading modes for horizontal cyclic loading, enabling the testing of not only the connection performance between the panels and structural layers of the building envelope system, but also various types of building envelope systems, such as those with double-layer panels, thus achieving the function of coupled complex loading testing of large-size envelope systems.

[0133] Furthermore, by combining horizontal cyclic loading and vertical tension loading, three different loading modes of complex wind and temperature field coupled loading are provided. This allows for obtaining the allowable displacement difference between the panel and structural layer in the horizontal direction of the building envelope system, and between double panels. It can also be used to verify the maximum length of the envelope system under the allowable displacement, or to detect the ultimate load under the coupled action of complex wind and temperature fields, providing data support for the design, construction and maintenance of the building envelope system.

[0134] The coupled loading detection device provided in this disclosure can be used for both new and existing structures. For new enclosure systems, the allowable displacement difference or the maximum panel length under the allowable displacement difference can be determined by horizontal cyclic loading and vertical tensile loading. For the reinforcement and maintenance of the upper panel of the existing enclosure system, the allowable displacement difference between the two panels can be verified by loading the double-layer panels.

[0135] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the above-mentioned preferred solutions can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0136] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A device for coupled loading and testing complex wind and temperature fields in a building envelope system, used for coupled loading and testing of complex wind and temperature fields in a building envelope system specimen, wherein the specimen includes at least a panel and a structural layer, characterized in that, The coupling loading detection device includes: Coupled loading framework; A specimen mounting frame is disposed on the coupling loading frame for fixing the structural layers of the specimen, and the specimen mounting frame is longitudinally slidable on the coupling loading frame; A horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading device includes a first loading unit and a second loading unit, which are respectively installed at the longitudinal ends of the coupled loading frame. The device is used to horizontally reciprocate the specimen mounting frame to perform horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading on the specimen's panel and / or structural layer, simulating the temperature field effect of the enclosure system. At least one of the first loading unit and the second loading unit has an adjustable installation height. The first loading unit includes a first servo motor, and the second loading unit includes a hydraulic actuator. A vertical tensioning device, positioned above the specimen mounting frame, is used to apply a vertical tension load to the specimen's panels to simulate the wind field effect of the enclosure system; and A panel linkage locking device is provided at least at one end of the longitudinal direction of the coupled loading frame for locking the upper and / or lower panels of the specimen's panel or double-layer panel; and The horizontal cyclic loading includes three loading modes: Mode 1: The panel linkage locking device connects the panel of the specimen or the upper and / or lower panel of the double-layer panel. The output end of the first servo motor and / or the oil source actuator is connected to the specimen structural layer through the specimen mounting frame to apply a horizontal cyclic reciprocating load to the specimen structural layer. Mode 2: The panel linkage locking device is connected to the lower panel of the double-layer panel, and the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the upper panel of the double-layer panel to apply a horizontal cyclic reciprocating load to the upper panel. Mode 3: The output end of the oil source actuator is connected to the specimen structure layer through the specimen mounting frame, and the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the upper panel of the double-layer panel. At the same time, horizontal cyclic reciprocating loads in opposite directions are applied to the specimen structure layer and the upper panel.

2. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupled loading framework includes: The first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam are arranged opposite each other at the longitudinal ends of the coupled loading frame, and the installation height of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam on the coupled loading frame is adjustable to suit the height adjustment of specimens with different structures. The first longitudinal beam, at least two of which are spaced apart and connected between the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam, and the first longitudinal beam is provided with a longitudinal guide rail for the longitudinal sliding of the guide wheel of the specimen mounting frame.

3. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specimen mounting frame includes: The second longitudinal beam consists of at least two second longitudinal beams arranged at intervals and corresponding one-to-one with the two first longitudinal beams, and the guide wheel is provided on the second longitudinal beam; An adjustable mounting beam is provided, with multiple adjustable mounting beams arranged at intervals and connected between the second longitudinal beams, and the horizontal mounting position of the adjustable mounting beams on the second longitudinal beams is adjustable to accommodate the maximum length of the specimen under allowable displacement.

4. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first servo motor is mounted on one of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam, and its output end is connected to the specimen mounting frame to perform horizontal cyclic loading on the panel and / or structural layer of the specimen.

5. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting height of the first servo motor on either the first adjustable crossbeam or the second adjustable crossbeam is adjustable.

6. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The oil source actuator is installed on one of the first adjustable crossbeam and the second adjustable crossbeam, and its output end is connected to the specimen mounting frame to perform horizontal cyclic loading on the structural layers of the specimen.

7. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical lifting device includes: A reaction frame, spanning the coupling loading frame, is installed above the specimen mounting frame; The second servo motor is installed on the top of the reaction frame. Its output end applies a vertical upward pull load to the panel of the specimen to simulate the wind field effect of the enclosure system.

8. The coupling loading detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The panel linkage locking device includes: The third servo motor drives the first linkage knob through a horizontal transmission rod on each side. The vertical transmission rods have one end connected to the first linkage knob and can rotate axially. The other end of the two vertical transmission rods is fitted with two sets of second linkage knobs at intervals in the vertical direction. The two sets of second linkage knobs can move up and down when the vertical transmission rods rotate axially. Clamping arms, the two sets of clamping arms are respectively connected and fixed to the second linkage knob, so as to clamp and lock the panel or the upper and / or lower panel of the test piece when the second linkage knob moves up and down.

9. The coupling loading detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The coupled loading of complex wind and temperature fields includes three loading modes: Mode 1: Apply a vertical load to the panel using a vertical lifting device to determine the maximum load at the connection point. Then apply a horizontal cyclic load. After the horizontal cyclic loading is completed, apply a vertical load to the panel using a vertical lifting device. When the result is basically consistent with the maximum load at the connection point, the test is considered passed. Mode 2: Determine the ultimate load under the coupled action of complex wind and temperature fields. While applying horizontal cyclic load, apply vertical load to the panel through a vertical lifting device to determine the ultimate load of the specimen under coupled loading. Mode 3: After applying a horizontal cyclic load, a vertical cyclic load is applied to the panel to simulate the effect of wind vibration under wind load on the enclosure system under deteriorated state after temperature stress.

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