Radiation patch, antenna substrate, antenna, communication equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a radiation patch, an antenna substrate, an antenna, communication equipment and a vehicle. A plurality of branches are arranged on the periphery of the radiation patch, the branches are symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch, the starting ends of the branches are connected with the radiation patch and are suitable for being provided with open circuit columns, and the tail ends of the branches are suitable for being provided with short circuit columns. Due to the arrangement of the branches in the radiation patch, the input impedance of the radiation patch can be adjusted, the port isolation ISO is improved, and the polarization discrimination XPD is increased, so that the efficiency and gain of the antenna provided with the radiation patch are improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the communication quality of the antenna are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a radiating patch, an antenna substrate, an antenna, a communication device, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are among the most widely used antenna types in radio engineering. They offer advantages such as low profile, light weight, multiple polarization types, easy integration with circuits, high reliability, and low cost. However, microstrip patch antennas have relatively poor efficiency and gain. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a radiating patch, an antenna substrate, an antenna, a communication device, and a vehicle to solve the technical problems of poor efficiency and gain in existing microstrip patch antennas.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a radiating patch, wherein the outer periphery of the radiating patch is provided with a plurality of branches, the plurality of branches being symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch, the starting end of the branch being connected to the radiating patch and adapted to be provided with an open-circuit post, and the end of the branch being adapted to be provided with a short-circuit post.

[0005] Optionally, the branch includes two sub-branches, which are connected to form the starting end of the branch. The two sub-branches extend to both sides of the starting end, and the ends of the sub-branches away from the starting end are the ends of the branch.

[0006] Optionally, the radiating patch has multiple axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch and through the starting end, and the two sub-branches of each branch are symmetrically arranged about the axis of symmetry passing through its starting end.

[0007] Optionally, the radiating patch is circular, and the plurality of branches are evenly arranged around the outer periphery of the radiating patch.

[0008] Optionally, the radiating patch is a regular N-gon, and each vertex of the radiating patch has the branch; wherein N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

[0009] Optionally, the geometric shape of the radiating patch is square.

[0010] Optionally, the geometry formed by the plurality of said branches is the same as the shape formed by the outer periphery of the radiation patch.

[0011] Optionally, the radiation patch may also have a first strip groove and a second strip groove in the middle, the first strip groove and the second strip groove intersecting at the center of the radiation patch to form a cross shape.

[0012] Optionally, the radiating patch has two axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch and through the starting end, the two axes of symmetry being a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other; the first strip groove is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, and the second strip groove is arranged along the second axis of symmetry.

[0013] Optionally, the length of the first strip groove is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch along the first axis of symmetry; and / or, the length of the second strip groove is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch along the second axis of symmetry.

[0014] Optionally, the radiating patch is provided with a plurality of triangular grooves, the triangular grooves being located between the starting end and the center of the radiating patch, and close to the starting end.

[0015] Optionally, the radiating patch has multiple axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch and through the starting end, the axes of symmetry passing through the vertices of the triangular groove and bisecting the triangular groove.

[0016] Optionally, the triangular groove has an arc-shaped side located between the vertex of the triangular groove passing through the axis of symmetry and the center of the radial patch, and the arc-shaped side protrudes toward the vertex of the triangular groove passing through the axis of symmetry.

[0017] Optionally, when the geometry of the radiating patch is square, the triangular groove is provided at the corner of the radiating patch, and the two right-angled sides of the triangular groove are parallel to the two adjacent sides of the radiating patch.

[0018] Optionally, the triangular groove has an extension groove extending away from the center of the radiating patch through the vertex of the axis of symmetry.

[0019] Optionally, the outer periphery of the radiating patch is provided with a plurality of outward protrusions, the plurality of protrusions being symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch, and a pair of power feeding parts being provided at two adjacent protrusions.

[0020] Optionally, the pair of power supply sections includes a first power supply section and a second power supply section, wherein the first power supply section is located within one of the protrusions, and the second power supply section is located between the other protrusion and the center of the radiating patch.

[0021] Optionally, the radiating patch may have one or two pairs of power supply sections.

[0022] Optionally, the radiating patch is a regular N-gon, and each side of the radiating patch has a protrusion at its center; wherein N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

[0023] Optionally, the protrusion is located between two adjacent branches.

[0024] Optionally, the protrusion has a gap with the end of the branch.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna substrate, the antenna substrate including the radiating patch as described above.

[0026] Optionally, the antenna substrate further includes a first ground plane and a dielectric substrate; along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate, the first ground plane is disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate, and the radiating patch is disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate.

[0027] Optionally, the antenna substrate further includes an open-circuit post and a short-circuit post, which are respectively disposed within the dielectric substrate; the open-circuit post is disposed along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate and is connected to the starting end of the stub; one end of the short-circuit post is connected to the end of the stub and the other end of the short-circuit post is connected to the first ground plane.

[0028] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate, the projection of the radiating patch onto the first ground plane is located within the first ground plane.

[0029] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna, characterized in that the antenna includes an antenna substrate as described above.

[0030] Optionally, the antenna further includes a feed substrate disposed on the side of the antenna substrate away from the radiating patch.

[0031] Optionally, the feed substrate includes a second ground plane and a feed substrate, wherein the second ground plane is disposed on the surface of the feed substrate facing the antenna substrate and is connected to the first ground plane of the antenna substrate.

[0032] Optionally, the feed substrate further includes a power divider, a resistor, and a feed substrate, wherein the power divider and the resistor are located on the surface of the feed substrate away from the antenna substrate.

[0033] Optionally, the feed substrate further includes a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line, the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line being located on the surface of the feed substrate away from the antenna substrate; the input terminal of the first microstrip line is connected to one output terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider, and the output terminal of the first microstrip line is electrically connected to the radiating patch; the input terminal of the second microstrip line is connected to the other output terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider, and the output terminal of the second microstrip line is electrically connected to the radiating patch.

[0034] Optionally, the resistor includes a first resistor and a second resistor. The first resistor is connected across the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line and is close to the two output terminals of the 1-to-2 power divider. The second resistor is connected across the 1-to-2 power divider and is close to the two output terminals of the 1-to-2 power divider.

[0035] Optionally, the antenna further includes a first feed post and a second feed post, wherein the first feed post is connected to the output end of the first microstrip line and the first feed portion of the radiating patch, respectively; and the second feed post is connected to the output end of the second microstrip line and the second feed portion of the radiating patch, respectively.

[0036] Optionally, the resistance of the first feed post is the same as the resistance of the second feed post, the resistance of the first resistor is the same as the resistance of the second resistor, and the resistance of the first resistor is four times the resistance of the first feed post.

[0037] Optionally, the input terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider is located between the first feed post and the second feed post.

[0038] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate in the antenna substrate is greater than the dielectric constant of the feed substrate.

[0039] Optionally, in the thickness direction of the antenna substrate, the thickness of the dielectric substrate in the antenna substrate is greater than the thickness of the feed substrate.

[0040] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a communication device, which includes the antenna as described above.

[0041] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a vehicle, which includes the antenna as described above; or, includes the communication equipment as described above.

[0042] Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0043] In the radiating patch of this invention, the arrangement of branches can adjust the input impedance of the radiating patch, improve the port isolation (ISO), and increase the polarization discrimination (XPD), thereby improving the efficiency and gain of the antenna with the radiating patch, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna.

[0044] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation patch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the microstrip feed network structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the connection between the radiating patch and the feed post, short-circuit post, and open-circuit post provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a top view of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the side view of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 Smith chart of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 The standing wave ratio (VSWR) curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 The peak directivity and real gain curves of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0055] Figure 10 An efficiency curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 11 Axis ratio curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 12 The axial ratio AR pattern of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention at f = 2.11 GHz;

[0058] Figure 13 Gain pattern of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 14The half-power waveform of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0060] 10-Antenna substrate; 11-Radiating patch; 12-Starting end; 13-Stub; 131-Sub-stub; 14-Dielectric substrate; 15-First ground plane; 16-Open post; 17-Short post; 18-Triangular slot; 181-Hyperbend; 19-First strip slot; 20-Second strip slot; 21-Protrusion; 22-First feed section; 23-Second feed section; 24-Extension slot;

[0061] 30-Feeding substrate; 31-Feeding wafer; 32-Microstrip feeding network structure; 341-First microstrip line; 342-Second microstrip line; 351-First resistor; 352-Second resistor; 36-Third microstrip line; 37-Third feeding section; 38-Fourth feeding section; 39-One-to-two power divider;

[0062] 401 - First feed post; 402 - Second feed post; 41 - Pad. Detailed Implementation

[0063] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0064] This application discloses a radiating patch 11, which is suitable for placement in an antenna, such as a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.

[0065] Reference Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11 is provided with multiple branches 13, which are symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch 11. The starting end 12 of the branch 13 is connected to the radiating patch 11 and is suitable for setting an open post 16. The end of the branch 13 is suitable for setting a short post 17.

[0066] The stub 13 is located on the outside of the radiating patch 11 and connected to the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11. The arrangement of the stub 13 in the radiating patch 11 can adjust the input impedance of the radiating patch 11, improve the port isolation ISO, and increase the polarization discrimination XPD (Cross-Polarization Differentiation), thereby improving the efficiency and gain of the antenna with the radiating patch 11, and thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna.

[0067] In some embodiments, the branch 13 includes two sub-branches 131 connected to form the starting end 12 of the branch 13. The two sub-branches 131 extend to both sides of the starting end 12 respectively, and the end of the sub-branches 131 away from the starting end 12 is the end of the branch 13.

[0068] Further reference Figure 3 As shown, stub 13 has a starting end 12 and two ending ends. The two ending ends are located on both sides of the starting end 12. The arrangement of the two sub-stubs 131 also facilitates the adjustment of the input impedance of the radiating patch 11, improves the port isolation ISO, and increases the polarization discrimination rate XPD.

[0069] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 has a plurality of axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch 11 and through the starting end 12, and the two sub-branches 131 of each branch 13 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of symmetry passing through its starting end 12.

[0070] In this embodiment, the radiating patch 11 is symmetrically arranged about each axis of symmetry. The two sub-branches 131 of each branch 13 are symmetrically arranged about an axis of symmetry passing through its starting end 12, which can give the antenna with the radiating patch 11 a better radiation pattern.

[0071] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 is circular, and multiple branches 13 are evenly arranged around the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11.

[0072] In this embodiment, the radiating patch 11 is circular, and the antenna with the radiating patch 11 is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The number of branches 13 can be set according to usage requirements; for example, there can be 4, 5, 8, or other natural numbers of branches 13.

[0073] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 is a regular N-gon, and each vertex of the radiating patch 11 has a branch 13; where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4. Since the radiating patch 11 is a regular N-gon, the antenna equipped with this radiating patch 11 is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The geometry of the radiating patch 11 can be a square, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, etc. (Refer to...) Figure 3 It shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiating patch 11, which has a square geometry.

[0074] In some embodiments, the geometry formed by the plurality of branches 13 is the same as the shape formed around the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11. This structure allows the antenna with the radiating patch 11 to have a better radiation pattern.

[0075] Furthermore, when the geometric shape of the radiating patch 11 is circular and the branch 13 is an arc-shaped structure, with a total of four branches 13, the geometric shape formed by the four branches 13 is circular, and the center of this circle coincides with the center of the radiating patch 11. In this case, the antenna with the radiating patch 11 has a better radiation pattern.

[0076] With the radiating patch 11 having a square geometry, the stub 13 has an L-shaped structure. One side of the bend in the L-shape is a sub-stub 131, and the other side is another sub-stub 131. The starting end 12 of the stub 13 is connected to the vertex of the square. There are four stubs 13 in total, and the geometry formed by the four stubs 13 is a square. In this case, the antenna with the radiating patch 11 has a good radiation pattern.

[0077] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 is further provided with a first strip groove 19 and a second strip groove 20 in the middle, and the first strip groove 19 and the second strip groove 20 intersect at the center of the radiating patch 11 to form a cross shape.

[0078] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the radiating patch 11 has a first strip slot 19 and a second strip slot 20 intersecting in a cross shape in the middle. The first strip slot 19 and the second strip slot 20 can increase the isolation (ISO) and polarization discrimination (XPD) between the two polarization ports, thereby improving the axial ratio, increasing efficiency, and increasing gain. This enables the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna to achieve circular polarization, broadband impedance matching, high efficiency, and high gain.

[0079] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 has two axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch 11 and through the starting end 12, the two axes of symmetry being a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other; a first strip groove 19 is disposed along the first axis of symmetry, and a second strip groove 20 is disposed along the second axis of symmetry. In this embodiment, the first strip groove 19 is disposed along the first axis of symmetry, the second strip groove 20 is disposed along the second axis of symmetry, and the positions of the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry enable the antenna with the radiating patch 11 disposed thereon to achieve better circular polarization.

[0080] In some embodiments, the length of the first groove 19 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch 11 along the first axis of symmetry. In other embodiments, the length of the second groove 20 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch 11 along the second axis of symmetry.

[0081] In other embodiments, the length of the first strip 19 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch 11 along the first axis of symmetry, and the length of the second strip 20 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch 11 along the second axis of symmetry. When the lengths of the first strip 19 and the second strip 20 are within the above ranges, the isolation (ISO) and polarization discrimination (XPD) between the two polarization ports can be increased, thereby improving the axial ratio of the antenna with the radiating patch 11, increasing the antenna efficiency, and increasing the antenna gain.

[0082] In practical applications, the length of the first strip groove 19 can be set according to usage requirements. For example, the length of the first strip groove 19 can be 1 / 4, 5 / 16, 3 / 8, 7 / 16, 1 / 2, etc., of the length of the radiating patch 11 along the first axis of symmetry, as well as the intermediate values ​​between the aforementioned endpoints. Similarly, the length of the second strip groove 20 can be set according to usage requirements. For example, the length of the second strip groove 20 can be 1 / 4, 5 / 16, 3 / 8, 7 / 16, 1 / 2, etc., of the length of the radiating patch 11 along the fourth axis of symmetry, as well as the intermediate values ​​between the aforementioned endpoints.

[0083] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 is provided with a plurality of triangular grooves 18, which are located between the starting end 12 and the center of the radiating patch 11 and are close to the starting end 12.

[0084] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned triangular slot 18 can adjust the input impedance, increase the port isolation ISO and polarization discrimination XPD, and enable the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with the radiating patch 11 to achieve circular polarization, broadband impedance matching, high efficiency and high gain.

[0085] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 has multiple axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch 11 and through the starting end 12, the axes of symmetry passing through the vertices of the triangular slot 18 and bisecting the triangular slot 18, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with the radiating patch 11 can achieve better circular polarization.

[0086] In some embodiments, the triangular groove 18 has an arcuate edge that protrudes toward the vertex of the triangular groove 18 through the axis of symmetry, and the arcuate edge is located between the vertex of the triangular groove 18 through the axis of symmetry and the center of the radial patch 11.

[0087] In some embodiments, when the geometric shape of the radiating patch 11 is square, a triangular groove 18 is provided at the corner of the radiating patch 11, and the two right-angled sides of the triangular groove 18 are parallel to the two adjacent sides of the radiating patch 11.

[0088] Furthermore, a triangular slot 18 is provided at each corner of the square, with the two right-angled sides of the triangular slot 18 parallel to the two adjacent sides of the radial patch 11. The lengths of the two right-angled sides of the triangular slot 18 and the curvature of the hypotenuse 181 (i.e., the curved side) can be adjusted according to usage requirements. For example, the curvature of the hypotenuse 181 can be 90°, 80°, 110°, etc., but this embodiment does not specifically limit this. (Refer to...) Figure 1 As shown, the hypotenuse 181 of the triangular groove 18 has an arc of 90 degrees.

[0089] In some embodiments, the triangular slot 18 has an extension slot 24 extending away from the center of the radiating patch 11 through the vertex of the axis of symmetry. In this embodiment, the extension slot 24 can adjust the input impedance, increase the port isolation (ISO) and polarization discrimination (XPD), and enable the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with the radiating patch 11 to achieve better circular polarization, broadband impedance matching, high efficiency, and high gain.

[0090] The extension slot 24 is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, or the extension slot 24 is arranged along the second axis of symmetry, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with the radiating patch 11 is better circularly polarized.

[0091] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11 is provided with a plurality of outwardly protruding protrusions 21, the plurality of protrusions 21 being symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch 11, and a pair of power feeding parts are provided at two adjacent protrusions 21.

[0092] The power supply unit is used for connection to the outside, for example, for connection to the microstrip power supply network structure 32, so as to realize the input of energy of the radiating patch 11.

[0093] In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11 is provided with a plurality of outwardly protruding protrusions 21. The plurality of protrusions 21 are symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch 11. A pair of feed parts are provided at two adjacent protrusions 21. The protrusions 21 can push the feed point of the radiating patch 11 to the outermost edge of the radiating patch 11, which is beneficial to increase the isolation degree ISO (Isolation Between Ports, which is the signal transmission efficiency between different ports of the antenna) of the two polarization ports, and is also beneficial to obtain higher and flatter impedance characteristics, which facilitates broadband impedance matching and can improve the antenna efficiency of the radiating patch 11.

[0094] In some embodiments, a pair of feed sections includes a first feed section 22 and a second feed section 23. The first feed section 22 is located within one of the protrusions 21, and the second feed section 23 is located between the other protrusion 21 and the center of the radiating patch 11. In the above structure of the embodiments of this application, the arrangement positions of the protrusions 21, the first feed section 22, and the second feed section 23 enable the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with the radiating patch 11 to better achieve circular polarization, broadband impedance matching, and high efficiency and high gain.

[0095] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the radiating patch 11 has a pair of power feeding sections, which are disposed at two adjacent protrusions 21. In some other embodiments, the radiating patch 11 has two pairs of power feeding sections, one pair of which is disposed at a pair of adjacent protrusions 21, and the other pair of which is disposed at another pair of adjacent protrusions 21. It is understood that other numbers of power feeding sections can be provided according to usage requirements, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0096] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 is a regular N-gon, and each side of the radiating patch 11 has a protrusion 21 at its center; wherein N is an even number greater than or equal to 4. In this embodiment, the radiating patch 11 is a regular N-gon, and the antenna of this radiating patch 11 is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The number of protrusions 21 in the radiating patch 11 is equal to the number of sides of the radiating patch 11.

[0097] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has a square geometry and has four protrusions 21, with one protrusion 21 at the center of each side of the radiation patch 11.

[0098] In some embodiments, the radiating patch 11 has a circular geometry, and a plurality of protrusions 21 are uniformly arranged on the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11. The number of protrusions 21 on the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11 can be set according to the usage requirements, for example, the outer periphery of the radiating patch 11 may have 4 protrusions 21, 8 protrusions 21, 32 protrusions 21, etc., as well as intermediate values ​​between the aforementioned endpoint values.

[0099] In some embodiments, the protrusion 21 is disposed between two adjacent branches 13; the number of protrusions 21 and branches 13 is the same. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, with four branches 13, four protrusions 21 are also provided.

[0100] In some embodiments, there is a gap between the protrusion 21 and the end of the branch 13, the length of the sub-branch 131 in the branch 13 is greater than zero, and the end of the branch 13 is not connected to the protrusion 21. When in use, the length of the branch 13 can be adjusted according to the usage requirements of the radiating patch 11 to achieve the purpose of adjusting the input impedance, improving the port isolation ISO, and increasing the polarization discrimination XPD.

[0101] In some specific embodiments, the radial patch 11 has a circular geometry and has a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other, as well as four branches 13. The intersection of the first axis of symmetry and the outer periphery of the radial patch 11 is connected to the starting ends 12 of two branches 13, and the two sub-branches 131 of the branch 13 extend to both sides of the starting end 12, respectively. The intersection of the second axis of symmetry and the outer periphery of the radial patch 11 is connected to the starting ends 12 of two other branches 13, and the two sub-branches 131 of the branch 13 extend to both sides of the starting end 12, respectively.

[0102] The radiation patch 11 has a first strip groove 19 and a second strip groove 20 in the middle. The first strip groove 19 is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, and the second strip groove 20 is arranged along the second axis of symmetry.

[0103] The radiating patch 11 has four triangular slots 18, which are located between the starting end 12 and the center of the radiating patch 11, and are close to the starting end 12. The first axis of symmetry passes through the vertices of two triangular slots 18 and bisects the two triangular slots 18; the second axis of symmetry passes through the vertices of the other two triangular slots 18 and bisects the other two triangular slots 18.

[0104] The radiating patch 11 has four protrusions 21, which are symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch 11. Each protrusion 21 is located between two adjacent branches 13, and the distance from each protrusion 21 to the two adjacent branches 13 is equal. A pair of power supply sections are provided at two adjacent protrusions 21.

[0105] In other specific embodiments, the radiating patch 11 has a square geometry and a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other. The first axis of symmetry is arranged along one diagonal of the square, and the second axis of symmetry is arranged along the other diagonal of the square. The radiating patch 11 has four branches 13, and each vertex of the radiating patch 11 is connected to the starting end 12 of the branch 13. The two sub-branches 131 of the branch 13 extend to both sides of the starting end 12, and the sub-branches 131 are parallel to the sides of the radiating patch 11.

[0106] The radiation patch 11 has a first strip groove 19 and a second strip groove 20 in the middle. The first strip groove 19 is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, and the second strip groove 20 is arranged along the second axis of symmetry.

[0107] The radiating patch 11 has four triangular slots 18, each of which is located at a corner of the radiating patch 11. The first axis of symmetry passes through the vertices of two triangular slots 18 and bisects the two triangular slots 18. The second axis of symmetry passes through the vertices of the other two triangular slots 18 and bisects the other two triangular slots 18.

[0108] The radiating patch 11 has a protrusion 21 at the center of each side, and the radiating patch 11 has a total of four protrusions 21. A pair of power feeding parts are provided at two adjacent protrusions 21.

[0109] In this embodiment, the radiating patch 11 is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The arrangement of the stub 13 in the radiating patch 11 can adjust the input impedance of the radiating patch 11, improve the port isolation ISO, and increase the polarization discrimination XPD, thereby improving the efficiency and gain of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The arrangement of the first strip slot 19 and the second strip slot 20 in the radiating patch 11 can increase the isolation ISO and polarization discrimination XPD between the two polarization ports, thereby improving the axial ratio, increasing efficiency, and increasing gain, enabling the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna to achieve circular polarization, broadband impedance matching, high efficiency, and high gain. The arrangement of the triangular slot 18 in the radiating patch 11 can adjust the input impedance, increase the port isolation ISO and polarization discrimination XPD, and enable the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna to achieve circular polarization, broadband impedance matching, high efficiency, and high gain. The protrusion 21 in the radiating patch 11 can push the feed point of the radiating patch 11 to the outermost edge of the radiating patch 11, which is beneficial to increase the isolation ISO of the two polarization ports, and is also beneficial to obtain higher and flatter impedance characteristics, which is convenient for broadband impedance matching, and can improve the antenna efficiency of setting the radiating patch 11.

[0110] This application discloses an antenna substrate 10, which includes a radiating patch 11 as described above. Because the antenna substrate 10 includes the radiating patch 11, the input impedance of the radiating patch 11 can be adjusted by the arrangement of branches 13 within the radiating patch 11, thereby improving port isolation (ISO) and increasing polarization discrimination (XPD). This improves the efficiency and gain of the antenna equipped with the antenna substrate 10, and ultimately enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna.

[0111] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate 10 further includes a first ground plane 15 and a dielectric substrate 14; along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, the first ground plane 15 is disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate 14, and a radiating patch 11 is disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate 14.

[0112] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate 10 further includes an open post 16 and a short post 17, which are respectively disposed within the dielectric substrate 14. The open post 16 is disposed along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10 and is connected to the starting end 12 of the stub 13. One end of the short post 17 is connected to the end of the stub 13, and the other end of the short post 17 is connected to the first ground plane 15.

[0113] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate 10 further includes an open post 16 and a short post 17, which are respectively disposed within the dielectric substrate 14. The open post 16 is disposed along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10 and is connected to the first ground plane 15. One end of the short post 17 is connected to the end of the stub 13, and the other end of the short post 17 is connected to the first ground plane 15.

[0114] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, one end of the open-circuit post 16 is connected to the starting end 12 of the stub 13, and the other end of the open-circuit post 16 extends toward the first ground plane 15, with a gap between the other end of the open-circuit post 16 and the first ground plane 15. Alternatively, one end of the open-circuit post 16 is connected to the first ground plane 15, and the other end of the open-circuit post 16 extends toward the starting end 12 of the stub 13, with a gap between the other end of the open-circuit post 16 and the starting end 12 of the stub 13. The above-described structure of the antenna substrate 10 can adjust the input impedance, improve the port isolation ISO, greatly improve XPD, increase the antenna efficiency of the antenna substrate 10, increase the gain, and broaden the impedance bandwidth; improve the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, i.e., reduce the axial ratio and increase the axial ratio bandwidth; thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna and improving the communication quality of the antenna.

[0115] In this embodiment, when the radiating patch 11 is square, each of the four vertices of the radiating patch 11 is connected to a branch 13. An open-circuit post 16 is connected to either the starting end 12 of the branch 13 or one of the first ground plane 15. The branch 13 and the first ground plane 15 are not connected, and the starting end 12 of the branch 13 is an open-circuit structure. The end of the branch 13 is connected to the first ground plane 15 via a short-circuit post 17, and the end of the branch 13 is a short-circuit structure. The antenna with this antenna substrate 10 can adjust its input impedance through the above structure, improving port isolation (ISO), significantly improving XPD, increasing antenna efficiency, increasing gain, and widening the impedance bandwidth; improving the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, i.e., reducing the axial ratio and increasing the axial ratio bandwidth; thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the communication quality of the antenna.

[0116] In some embodiments, the projection of the radiating patch 11 onto the first ground plane 15 is located within the first ground plane 15 along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10. This is to achieve the purpose of adjusting the input impedance, reducing reflections, and improving transmission efficiency.

[0117] This application discloses an antenna, including the antenna substrate 10 as described above. The antenna substrate 10, through the arrangement of stubs 13 in the radiating patch 11, can adjust the input impedance of the radiating patch 11, improve the port isolation (ISO), and increase the polarization discrimination (XPD), thereby improving the antenna's efficiency and gain, and ultimately enhancing the antenna's signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality.

[0118] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a feed substrate 30, which is disposed on the side of the antenna substrate 10 away from the radiating patch 11. The feed substrate 30 is used to feed the antenna substrate 10.

[0119] In some embodiments, the feed substrate 30 includes a second ground plane and a feed substrate 31. The second ground plane is disposed on the surface of the feed substrate 31 facing the antenna substrate 10 and is connected to the first ground plane 15 of the antenna substrate 10. The first ground plane 15 and the second ground plane provide a current return path for the antenna, enabling electromagnetic waves to radiate in space; this helps to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the coaxial line.

[0120] In some embodiments, the feed substrate 30 further includes a power divider 39, a resistor, and a feed substrate 31, wherein the power divider 39 and the resistor are located on the surface of the feed substrate 31 away from the antenna substrate 10. In this embodiment, reference is made to... Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the 1-to-2 power divider 39 is used to split an input signal into two output signals of equal power and output them to the radiating patch 11.

[0121] In some embodiments, the 1-to-2 power divider 39 is a 1-to-2 Wilkin power divider, but it can also be other 1-to-2 power dividers, which can be selected according to the usage requirements.

[0122] In some embodiments, the feed substrate 30 further includes a first microstrip line 341 and a second microstrip line 342, which are located on the surface of the feed substrate 31 away from the antenna substrate 10. The input terminal of the first microstrip line 341 is connected to one output terminal of a power divider 39, and the output terminal of the first microstrip line 341 is electrically connected to the radiating patch 11. The input terminal of the second microstrip line 342 is connected to the other output terminal of the power divider 39, and the output terminal of the second microstrip line 342 is electrically connected to the radiating patch 11. In the above structure of the embodiments of this application, the arrangement of the first microstrip line 341 and the second microstrip line 342 enables the electrical connection between the power divider 39 and the radiating patch 11, so as to divide one input signal into two output signals of equal power and output them to the radiating patch 11.

[0123] In some embodiments, the resistors include a first resistor 351 and a second resistor 352. The first resistor 351 is connected across the first microstrip line 341 and the second microstrip line 342 and is close to the two output terminals of the power divider 39. The second resistor 352 is connected across the power divider 39 and is close to the two output terminals of the power divider 39.

[0124] In the embodiments of this application, the connection positions of the first resistor 351 with the first microstrip line 341 and the second microstrip line 342, and the connection position of the second resistor 352 with the 1-to-2 power divider 39 are all located at positions with relatively small current values, which can effectively reduce resistance loss and thus increase the efficiency and gain of the antenna.

[0125] Further reference Figure 2 As shown, the first resistor 351 is connected across the right-angle corner of the first conversion segment of the first microstrip line 341 and the right-angle corner of the first conversion segment of the second microstrip line 342. The second resistor 352 is connected across the small conductor segment of the 1-to-2 power divider 39.

[0126] In some embodiments, the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are connected in parallel, which can reduce resistance loss and thereby increase the efficiency and gain of the antenna.

[0127] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a first feed post 401 and a second feed post 402. The first feed post 401 is connected to the output terminal of the first microstrip line 341 and the first feed portion 22 of the radiating patch 11, respectively. The second feed post 402 is connected to the output terminal of the second microstrip line 342 and the second feed portion 23 of the radiating patch 11, respectively.

[0128] In this embodiment, one output terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider 39 is connected to the input terminal of the first microstrip line 341. The output terminal of the first microstrip line 341 is connected to one end of the first feed post 401, and the other end of the first feed post 401 is connected to the first feed section 22 of the radiating patch 11. The other output terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider 39 is connected to the input terminal of the second microstrip line 342. The output terminal of the second microstrip line 342 is connected to one end of the second feed post 402, and the other end of the second feed post 402 is connected to the second feed section 23 of the radiating patch 11. The above structure achieves the electrical connection between the 1-to-2 power divider 39 and the radiating patch 11.

[0129] Further reference Figure 5 As shown, a pad 41 is provided on the surface of the radiating patch 11 facing away from the microstrip feed network structure 32, and the radiating patch 11 is welded to the first feed post 401 and the second feed post 402.

[0130] In some embodiments, the resistance values ​​of the first feed post 401 and the second feed post 402 are the same, and the resistance values ​​of the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are the same, with the resistance of the first resistor 351 being four times the resistance value of the first feed post 401. In this case, the resistance values ​​of the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are matched with the resistance values ​​of the first feed post 401 and the second feed post 402.

[0131] In one specific embodiment, for example, when the resistance of the first feed post 401 and the resistance of the second feed post 402 are both 50Ω, the resistance of the first resistor 351 and the resistance of the second resistor 352 are both 200Ω.

[0132] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 14 in the antenna substrate 10 is greater than the dielectric constant of the feed substrate 31.

[0133] In some embodiments, in the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 14 in the antenna substrate 10 is greater than the thickness of the feed substrate 31.

[0134] In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 14 is less than that of the feed substrate 31, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate 14 is greater than that of the feed substrate 31, which can better balance the requirements of miniaturization bandwidth and efficiency.

[0135] In some embodiments, the input terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider 39 is located between the first feed post 401 and the second feed post 402 to achieve a better planar spatial arrangement and reduce the occupied area.

[0136] In some embodiments, the number of power dividers 39 is set according to usage requirements, such as one or two power dividers 39. Correspondingly, the number of first microstrip lines 341 and second microstrip lines 342, the number of first resistors 351 and second resistors 352, the number of first feed posts 401 and second feed posts 402 are matched with the number of power dividers 39. For example, when there is one power divider 39, there is one each of the following: first microstrip line 341, second microstrip line 342, first resistor 351, second resistor 352, first feed post 401, and second feed post 402, and the radiating patch 11 has a pair of feed sections. When there are two power dividers 39, there are two each of the following: first microstrip line 341, second microstrip line 342, first resistor 351, second resistor 352, first feed post 401, and second feed post 402, and the radiating patch 11 has two pairs of feed sections.

[0137] Optionally, the antenna in this embodiment is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, the fabrication process of which is briefly described below:

[0138] First, in a Cartesian coordinate system XOY (in which the X and Y axes make 45-degree angles with the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry, respectively, and the first and second axes of symmetry are perpendicular and are the two diagonals of the radial patch 11), with the +X axis as the starting point (Phi = 0°, i.e., the azimuth angle is 0 degrees) and the origin O as the center, construct a square radial patch 11 and a square first ground plane 15, respectively. The side length of the radial patch 11 is A. p The side lengths of the first grounding plate 15 are A g A p g The height H of the radiating patch 11 from the first ground plane 15 satisfies the half-wave patch condition, that is:

[0139]

[0140] Where, λ g λ is the waveguide wavelength, λ0 is the free space wavelength, and ε r is the relative permittivity.

[0141] Each of the four sides of the radiating patch 11 has an outward-facing protrusion 21 at its center, extending from the middle of the side of the radiating patch 11 in a direction away from the radiating patch 11. A first feed section 22 and a second feed section 23 are respectively located at two protrusions 21 adjacent to a vertex in the radiating patch 11. A first strip groove 19 and a second strip groove 20 are provided along a 45° diagonal direction from the center of the radiating patch 11, intersecting at the center of the radiating patch 11 to form a cross-shaped groove. A triangular groove 18 is formed at each of the four corners of the radiating patch 11. The triangular groove 18 is a right triangle, with its hypotenuse 181 being an arc protruding towards the right angle of the triangular groove 18. The right angle of the triangular groove 18 faces the vertex of the radiating patch 11. Each of the four vertices of the radiating patch 11 has a branch 13. The starting end 12 of the branch 13 has an open-circuit post 16, and the ending end of the branch 13 has a short-circuit post 17.

[0142] A dielectric substrate 14 is formed by filling a first dielectric material between the radiating patch 11 and the first ground plane 15. The dielectric constant and loss angle of the first dielectric material are respectively: ε r1 tan δ1 Thickness H u The conditions for the half-wave patch described above are met, namely:

[0143]

[0144] A feed substrate 31 is configured, and the dielectric constant and loss angle of the feed substrate 31 are respectively: ε r2 tan δ2 Thickness H​l The relationship between the dielectric substrate 14 and the feed substrate 31 satisfies ε r2 <ε r1 H l <H u .

[0145] A second ground plane is provided on one side of the feed substrate 31, and a microstrip feed network structure 32 is provided on the other side of the feed substrate 31. The microstrip feed network structure 32 includes a Wilkinson power divider with a 1-to-2 power split. The input terminal of the Wilkinson power divider is connected to a 50Ω coaxial line via a third microstrip line 36 (including two quarter-wavelength impedance transformation sections). The two output terminals of the Wilkinson power divider are respectively connected to a fourth feed section 38 via a first microstrip line 341 (including three wavelength impedance transformation sections) and to a third feed section 37 via a second microstrip line 342 (including three wavelength impedance transformation sections). In the Cartesian coordinate system XOY, the third feed section 37 and the fourth feed section 38 on the microstrip feed network structure 32 are located on the +X axis and the -Y axis, respectively. The first wavelength impedance transformation section of the -Y axis branch is λ / 4 longer than the first wavelength impedance transformation section of the +X axis branch, and its phase lags behind the latter by 90°. From the top view, the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna will generate a left-handed circularly polarized wave (LHCP).

[0146] Then, the feed substrate 30 and the antenna substrate 10 are connected, the first ground plane 15 and the second ground plane are connected, and the microstrip feed network structure 32 and the radiating patch 11 are connected through the first feed post 401 and the second feed post 402. Specifically, the first feed section 22 and the fourth feed section 38 are connected through the first feed post 401, and the second feed section 23 and the third feed section 37 are connected through the second feed post 402. The microstrip feed network structure 32 is used to feed the radiating patch 11. The microstrip feed network structure 32 transmits radio frequency energy from the feed point to the radiating patch 11, thereby exciting the radiating patch 11 to generate electromagnetic waves and radiate them into space.

[0147] Further reference Figure 6 As shown, in the XOY plane, the antenna substrate 10 and the feed substrate 30 have the same dimensions. The antenna substrate 10 and the feed substrate 30 are stacked in the Z direction to form a cuboid structure. The feed substrate 30 feeds the radiating patch 11 on the antenna substrate 10, enabling the radiating patch 11 to receive and radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0148] In this embodiment, the microstrip feed network structure 32 is used to split an input signal into two output signals of equal power and output them to the radiating patch 11. The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna in this embodiment is a dual-fed antenna with a single-stage power divider. Furthermore, the use of a microstrip feed network provides a wider bandwidth for the antenna compared to a phase shifter.

[0149] The antenna in this embodiment is a circularly polarized microstrip patch. The primary goal is to improve the isolation between the two polarizations and reduce mutual interference. To further improve the isolation, a first strip slot 19 and a second strip slot 20 are provided at the center of the radiating patch 11 along ±45°. A triangular slot 18 is formed at the apex of the radiating patch 11, and a stub 13, an open-circuit post 16, and a short-circuit post 17 are provided at the apex. The feed network is in microstrip line form. This reduces power loss and increases radiated power, thereby improving antenna efficiency.

[0150] Secondly, the power loss of the resistors on the microstrip feed network structure 32 is reduced. In order to reduce resistor consumption, the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are connected in parallel, and the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are placed on the front and back sides of the two output terminals of the 1-to-2 power divider 39. Since the positions of the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are not at the maximum current amplitude, the power consumption is reduced and the efficiency is improved.

[0151] Furthermore, to meet the requirements of compactness and miniaturization of terminal equipment, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 14 is greater than that of the feed substrate 31, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 14 is less than that of the feed substrate 31. The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has a size of only 50.3mm × 50.3mm × 5.3mm (0.35·λ × 0.35·λ × 0.035·λ @ 2.09GHz). It is suitable for use in GTO satellite communication and GNSS navigation terminal equipment.

[0152] Furthermore, in the L / C band (1980-2200MHz), the antenna in this embodiment is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, which has the following characteristics:

[0153] Reference Figure 7 The diagram shows the Smith chart of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The impedance curves formed by the input impedances at each frequency on the Smith chart approach the 50Ω center point of the Smith chart. The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna and the 50Ω cable are well matched, which can achieve effective radiation of the 50Ω cable and has the advantage of high efficiency.

[0154] Reference Figure 8The graph shows the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna; the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequency in GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR. Within the 1.98-2.2 GHz band, the VSWR range is: VSWR < 1.93, bandwidth = 10.53%. Figure 8 This indicates that the impedance matching between the radiating patch 11 and the microstrip feed network structure 32 is good, with less energy loss and a wide bandwidth.

[0155] Reference Figure 9 The graph shows the peak directivity versus real gain curves of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents gain in dBi. The solid line represents the peak directivity (Dp) in the range of 5.59–6.12 dBc, and the dashed line represents the real gain (G). R The range of (Realized Gain) is G. R =0.77-3.85dBc. Figure 9 This demonstrates the high gain advantage of circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas.

[0156] Reference Figure 10 The graph shows the efficiency of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna; the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the antenna efficiency. The antenna efficiency η is shown within the frequency range of 1.98–2.2 GHz. A Antenna efficiency (η) ranges from A =33%-60%. Figure 10 This demonstrates the advantage of high efficiency in circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas.

[0157] Reference Figure 11 The graph shows the axial ratio curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the axial ratio in dB. In the frequency range of 1.98–2.2 GHz, the axial ratio (AR) is < 2.57 dB, which is relatively small. Furthermore, at a frequency f = 2.11 GHz, AR < 0.67 dB. Figure 11 This demonstrates that circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas have the advantages of small axial ratio and good circular polarization.

[0158] Reference Figure 12The diagram shows the axial ratio AR pattern of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz. The horizontal axis represents the angle of the axial ratio elevation plane in degrees, and the vertical axis represents the axial ratio in dB. In the axial ratio AR pattern at f = 2.11 GHz, the solid line -Phi = 45°, and the dashed line -Phi = 135°; the bandwidth HPBW for both cross-sections with an axial ratio AR < 3.0 is 146°. Figure 12 It shows a relatively low axial ratio and good circular polarization characteristics.

[0159] Reference Figure 13 The diagram shows the gain pattern of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz; the solid line represents LHCP (Left-Handed Circularly Polarized), and the dashed line represents RHCP (Right-Handed Circularly Polarized); the axial ratio AR < 0.67 dB. Figure 13 The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna shown is an LHCP, with a large difference between m1 and m2, good axial ratio, and wide bandwidth.

[0160] Reference Figure 14 The figure shows the half-power bandwidth curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The horizontal axis of the figure is the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis is the beamwidth in degrees (deg). In the 1.98-2.2 GHz band, the half-power bandwidth range is: HPBW = 100.6°-104°. Figure 14 This demonstrates that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has a wider bandwidth and broader coverage.

[0161] The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna of this application achieves left-hand circularly polarized LHCP in the L / C band (1980-2200MHz), with a bandwidth (BW) of 10.53%, a VSWR < 1.93, a BW (bandwidth) > 10.53%, an axial ratio (AR) < 2.57dB, and a peak directivity (D). p = 5.59-6.12dBc, real gain G R = 0.77-3.85dBc, efficiency η A With an efficiency of 33%-60%, the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna exhibits excellent overall performance. More importantly, the efficiency can be increased to 60%, and the gain can be increased by at least 3dB. This is a significant breakthrough in circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna technology, bringing substantial industrial progress and considerable economic benefits.

[0162] In summary, the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna of this application has the advantages of high efficiency, high gain, wide axial ratio bandwidth, good pattern symmetry, and high phase center stability. It is suitable for use in GTO satellite communication and GNSS navigation terminal equipment.

[0163] This application discloses a communication device including the antenna described above. Because the antenna has good isolation (ISO) between its two polarization ports, high and flat impedance characteristics, and high efficiency, the communication device exhibits good communication quality and efficiency.

[0164] Communication equipment includes, for example, GTO satellite communication and GNSS navigation terminal equipment.

[0165] This application also discloses a vehicle that includes the antenna as described above; or, the vehicle that includes the communication equipment as described above.

[0166] It should be noted that the radiating patch, antenna substrate 10, antenna, communication equipment and vehicle can be referenced to each other. The vehicle has the same or similar beneficial effects as any of the aforementioned radiating patches, antenna substrate 10 and antenna. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0167] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0168] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0169] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radiation patch, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the radiating patch (11) is provided with a plurality of branches (13), the plurality of branches (13) are symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch (11), the starting end (12) of the branch (13) is connected to the radiating patch (11) and is adapted to be provided with an open post (16), and the end of the branch (13) is adapted to be provided with a short post (17).

2. The radiation patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch (13) includes two sub-branches (131), which are connected to form the starting end (12) of the branch (13). The two sub-branches (131) extend to both sides of the starting end (12), and the end of the sub-branches (131) away from the starting end (12) is the end of the branch (13).

3. The radiation patch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radiation patch (11) has multiple axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiation patch (11) and through the starting end (12), and the two sub-branches (131) of each branch (13) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of symmetry passing through its starting end (12).

4. The radiation patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation patch (11) is circular, and multiple branches (13) are evenly arranged around the outer periphery of the radiation patch (11).

5. The radiation patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating patch (11) is a regular N-gon, and each vertex of the radiating patch (11) is provided with the branch (13); where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

6. The radiation patch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The geometric shape of the radiation patch (11) is square.

7. The radiation patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geometry formed by the plurality of the branches (13) is the same as the shape formed around the outer periphery of the radiating patch (11).

8. The radiation patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation patch (11) is further provided with a first strip groove (19) and a second strip groove (20) in the middle, and the first strip groove (19) and the second strip groove (20) intersect at the center of the radiation patch (11) to form a cross shape.

9. The radiation patch according to claim 8, characterized in that, The radiation patch (11) has two axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiation patch (11) and the starting end (12), the two axes of symmetry being a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other; the first strip groove (19) is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, and the second strip groove (20) is arranged along the second axis of symmetry.

10. The radiation patch according to claim 9, characterized in that, The length of the first strip groove (19) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch (11) along the first axis of symmetry; and / or, the length of the second strip groove (20) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch (11) along the second axis of symmetry.

11. The radiation patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating patch (11) is provided with a plurality of triangular grooves (18), which are located between the starting end (12) and the center of the radiating patch (11) and are close to the starting end (12).

12. The radiation patch according to claim 11, characterized in that, The radiating patch (11) has a plurality of axes of symmetry passing through the center of the radiating patch (11) and through the starting end (12), the axes of symmetry passing through the vertex of the triangular groove (18) and bisecting the triangular groove (18).

13. The radiation patch according to claim 12, characterized in that, The triangular groove (18) has an arc-shaped side located between the vertex of the triangular groove (18) passing through the axis of symmetry and the center of the radial patch (11), and the arc-shaped side protrudes toward the vertex of the triangular groove (18) passing through the axis of symmetry.

14. The radiation patch according to claim 12, characterized in that, The triangular groove (18) has an extension groove (24) extending toward the center of the radiating patch (11) through the vertex of the axis of symmetry.

15. The radiation patch according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, When the geometric shape of the radiating patch (11) is square, the triangular groove (18) is provided at the corner of the radiating patch (11), and the two right-angled sides of the triangular groove (18) are parallel to the two adjacent sides of the radiating patch (11).

16. The radiation patch according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the radiating patch (11) is provided with a plurality of protrusions (21) protruding outward. The plurality of protrusions (21) are symmetrical about the center of the radiating patch (11), and a pair of power feeding parts are provided at two adjacent protrusions (21).

17. The radiation patch according to claim 16, characterized in that, The pair of power supply units includes a first power supply unit (22) and a second power supply unit (23), the first power supply unit (22) being located within one of the protrusions (21), and the second power supply unit (23) being located between the other protrusion (21) and the center of the radiating patch (11).

18. The radiation patch according to claim 16, characterized in that, The radiating patch (11) is provided with one or two pairs of power supply sections.

19. The radiation patch according to claim 16, characterized in that, The radiating patch (11) is a regular N-sided polygon, and the protrusion (21) is provided at the middle of each side of the radiating patch (11); wherein, N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

20. The radiation patch according to claim 16, characterized in that, The protrusion (21) is located between two adjacent branches (13).

21. The radiation patch according to claim 20, characterized in that, The protrusion (21) has a gap with the end of the branch (13).

22. An antenna substrate, characterized in that, Includes the radiation patch (11) as described in any one of claims 1-21.

23. The antenna substrate according to claim 22, characterized in that, The antenna substrate (10) further includes a first ground plane (15) and a dielectric substrate (14); along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), the first ground plane (15) is disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate (14), and the radiating patch (11) is disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate (14).

24. The antenna substrate according to claim 23, characterized in that, The antenna substrate (10) further includes an open-circuit post (16) and a short-circuit post (17), which are respectively disposed in the dielectric substrate (14); The open post (16) is arranged along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), and the open post (16) is connected to the starting end (12) of the stub (13); One end of the short-circuit post (17) is connected to the end of the branch (13), and the other end of the short-circuit post (17) is connected to the first grounding plate (15).

25. The antenna substrate according to claim 23, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), the projection of the radiating patch (11) on the first ground plane (15) is located within the first ground plane (15).

26. An antenna, characterized in that, Including the antenna substrate as described in any one of claims 22-25.

27. The antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a feed substrate (30), which is disposed on the side of the antenna substrate (10) away from the radiating patch (11).

28. The antenna according to claim 27, characterized in that, The feed substrate (30) includes a second ground plane and a feed substrate (31). The second ground plane is disposed on the surface of the feed substrate (31) facing the antenna substrate (10) and is connected to the first ground plane (15) of the antenna substrate (10).

29. The antenna according to claim 27, characterized in that, The feed substrate (30) also includes a power divider (39), a resistor, and a feed substrate (31), wherein the power divider (39) and the resistor are located on the surface of the feed substrate (31) away from the antenna substrate (10).

30. The antenna according to claim 29, characterized in that, The feed substrate (30) further includes a first microstrip line (341) and a second microstrip line (342), the first microstrip line (341) and the second microstrip line (342) being located on the surface of the feed substrate (31) away from the antenna substrate (10); the input terminal of the first microstrip line (341) is connected to one output terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider (39), and the output terminal of the first microstrip line (341) is electrically connected to the radiating patch (11); The input terminal of the second microstrip line (342) is connected to the other output terminal of the power divider (39), and the output terminal of the second microstrip line (342) is electrically connected to the radiating patch (11).

31. The antenna according to claim 30, characterized in that, The resistors include a first resistor (351) and a second resistor (352). The first resistor (351) is connected across the first microstrip line (341) and the second microstrip line (342) and is close to the two output terminals of the power divider (39). The second resistor (352) is connected across the power divider (39) and is close to the two output terminals of the power divider (39).

32. The antenna according to claim 31, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first feed post (401) and a second feed post (402). The first feed post (401) is connected to the output end of the first microstrip line (341) and the first feed part (22) of the radiating patch (11), respectively. The second feed post (402) is connected to the output end of the second microstrip line (342) and the second feed part (23) of the radiating patch (11), respectively.

33. The antenna according to claim 32, characterized in that, The resistance of the first feed post (401) is the same as that of the second feed post (402), the resistance of the first resistor (351) is the same as that of the second resistor (352), and the resistance of the first resistor (351) is four times that of the first feed post (401).

34. The antenna according to claim 32, characterized in that, The input terminal of the 1-to-2 power divider (39) is located between the first feed post (401) and the second feed post (402).

35. The antenna according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate (14) in the antenna substrate (10) is greater than the dielectric constant of the feed substrate (31).

36. The antenna according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, In the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), the thickness of the dielectric substrate (14) in the antenna substrate (10) is greater than the thickness of the feed substrate (31).

37. A communication device, characterized in that, Including the antenna as described in any one of claims 26-36.

38. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 26-36; or, it includes the communication device as described in claim 37.

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