Terminal device, method for terminal device, and program

Abstract

A terminal device (10) is provided with a control unit (110) and a communication unit (120). The control unit (110) and the communication unit (120) are configured to perform sensing a plurality of times by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences to the plurality of times of sensing to exchange sensing signals.

Description

Cross-references of related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-144438, filed on September 6, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to a terminal device, a method and procedure for using a terminal device, and more particularly to a terminal device, a method and procedure for preventing interference with sensing signals. Background Technology

[0003] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defines a wireless communication specification known as 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio), and the technology development of this specification is underway.

[0004] In addition, following 5G NR, discussions have begun on 6G systems, which are the sixth-generation wireless communication standard. Within 6G systems, technical specifications related to sensing solutions are being discussed. These sensing solutions utilize the Doppler effect to analyze changes in the spectrum of transmitted radio waves, thereby detecting objects.

[0005] Non-patent document 1 outlines a sensing scheme under discussion in 6G systems. Further discussion and specification of technical specifications related to the sensing scheme are expected in the future. Existing technical documents Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-Patent Literature 1: de Lima, C., Belot, D., Berkvens, R., Bourdoux, A., Dardari, A., Guillaud, M., Isomursu, M., Lohan, E.-S., Miao, Y., Barreto, AN, Aziz, MRK, Saloranta, J., Sanguanpuak, T., Sarieddeen, H., Seco-Granados, G., Suutala, J., Svensson, T., Valkama, M., Wymeersch, H., & vanLiempd, B. (Eds.). (2020), '6G White Paper on Localization and Sensing', [White Paper]. (6G Research Outlook, Issue 12). University of Oulu., [Online], June 30, 2018, [Searched July 25, 2018] Internet <URL: http: / / urn.fi / urn:isbn:9789526226743> Summary of the Invention The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0007] In 5G NR, various wireless communication specifications are defined. In particular, to prevent interference between devices, specifications are specified for allocating resources for transmitting communication signals. Similarly, in 6G systems, specifications for allocating resources for transmitting communication signals are expected to be defined.

[0008] To implement the above sensing scheme, it is anticipated that multiple terminal devices will transmit sensing signals. It is necessary to prevent sensing signals transmitted by one terminal device from interfering with communication signals and / or sensing signals transmitted from other devices. In particular, to improve sensing accuracy, multiple sensing operations can be considered, but the aforementioned interference must also be prevented in multiple sensing operations. Non-Patent Document 1 does not describe a mechanism for multiple sensing operations.

[0009] In view of the above, this disclosure provides a technique for preventing interference with the sensing signal and improving the accuracy of sensing during multiple sensing operations. Solution for solving the problem

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the terminal device in this disclosure includes a control unit and a communication unit, which are configured to exchange sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in multiple sensing operations, thereby performing multiple sensing operations.

[0011] Furthermore, the terminal device method in this disclosure includes performing sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals using any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in multiple sensing operations. Invention Effects

[0012] Based on the above configuration, it is possible to prevent the sensing signals sent by the terminal device from interfering with the sensing signals from other terminal devices during multiple sensing operations, and to improve the accuracy of sensing. Furthermore, this configuration can be used to replace or in conjunction with other effects to achieve the same result. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the communication / sensing system S.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the protocol stack of the U-plane.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the protocol stack of the C plane.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a block diagram showing a general hardware configuration of the terminal device 10.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a block diagram showing a general functional configuration of the terminal device 10.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a block diagram showing a schematic hardware configuration of the base station device 20.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a block diagram showing a general functional configuration of the base station device 20.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the wireless frame configuration.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing an overview of self-sensing.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating the outline of cooperative sensing by base station device 20 and terminal device 10.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating the outline of collaborative sensing via terminal device 10.

[0024] Figure 12This is a diagram illustrating the outline of the sharing of the sensing beam and the communication beam.

[0025] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the sharing of sensing and communication antennas.

[0026] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of the sensing beam and the communication beam.

[0027] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of the sensing antenna and the communication antenna.

[0028] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of sensing resources and communication resources in the time domain.

[0029] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of sensing resources and communication resources in the frequency domain.

[0030] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of sensing resources and communication resources in the code domain.

[0031] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating the general separation of sensing resources in the frequency domain / code domain.

[0032] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of sensing resources in the time domain / code domain.

[0033] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating the separation of sensing resources in the time / frequency domain.

[0034] Figure 22 This is a diagram showing a summary of the assignment of sensor IDs.

[0035] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain.

[0036] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating another relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain.

[0037] Figure 25 This is a flowchart illustrating the processing, including the self-sensing sensing process.

[0038] Figure 26 This is a flowchart illustrating another process, including self-sensing.

[0039] Figure 27 This is a flowchart illustrating the sensing process, including collaborative sensing.

[0040] Figure 28This is a flowchart illustrating another process, including collaborative sensing.

[0041] Figure 29 This is a diagram showing the transmission range and the non-transmission range of the sensing resources in the time domain.

[0042] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an outline of the process of inserting a transmission-free interval and generating a signal waveform.

[0043] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating an outline of another process that inserts a transmission-free interval and generates a signal waveform.

[0044] Figure 32 This is a diagram showing the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain before the change of the time domain period.

[0045] Figure 33 This is a diagram showing the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain after the time domain period has been changed.

[0046] Figure 34 This is a diagram showing the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain after the time domain length has been changed.

[0047] Figure 35 It is a graph showing the relationship between the beam, frequency, and signal sequence applied during multiple sensing operations.

[0048] Figure 36 It is a graph showing the relationship between the beam, frequency, and signal sequence applied during multiple sensing operations.

[0049] Figure 37 It is a graph showing the relationship between the beam, frequency, and signal sequence applied during multiple sensing operations.

[0050] Figure 38 It is a flowchart illustrating the processing of a sensing process that includes collaborative sensing that is performed multiple times.

[0051] Figure 39 This is a flowchart illustrating another process of sensing, including collaborative sensing that is performed multiple times. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in this specification and the accompanying drawings, elements that can be described in the same way are labeled with the same reference numerals, thus omitting repeated descriptions.

[0053] The embodiments described below are merely examples of configurations that can implement this disclosure. These embodiments can be appropriately modified or changed depending on the configuration of the apparatus to which this disclosure is applied and various conditions. Not all combinations of elements included in the following embodiments are necessary to implement this disclosure, and some elements can be appropriately omitted. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the configurations described in the following embodiments. Configurations combining multiple configurations described in the following embodiments can also be used, provided they do not contradict each other.

[0054] 1. First Implementation Method 1.1. Communication / Sensing System like Figure 1 As shown, the communication / sensing system S of the first embodiment includes one or more terminal devices 10, one or more base station devices 20, and a core network 30. The communication / sensing system S is configured according to predetermined technical specifications (TS). For example, the communication / sensing system S may comply with the technical specifications specified by 3GPP (e.g., 5G, 5G Advanced, 6G, etc.).

[0055] In the communication / sensing system S, for example, various wireless communications are performed between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 according to the 5G NR specification. Additionally, in the communication / sensing system S, various sensing operations are performed between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20, or between the terminal devices 10. Details regarding sensing will be described later.

[0056] In the communication / sensing system S, a user plane for transmitting and receiving user data and a control plane for transmitting and receiving control data are specifically configured. That is, the communication / sensing system S supports C / U separation. The user plane is abbreviated as U plane, and the control plane as C plane.

[0057] Terminal device 10 is a device that communicates wirelessly with base station device 20, such as user equipment (UE) operating in accordance with the 3GPP 5G NR specification. Alternatively, terminal device 10 may also be a device that complies with other older or newer 3GPP specifications.

[0058] Terminal device 10 may be, for example, a mobile phone terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet terminal, a laptop PC (personal computer), a communication module, a communication card, or an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a surveillance camera and a robot. Terminal device 10 may also be a vehicle (e.g., a car, a tram, etc.) or a device mounted thereon. Terminal device 10 may also be a transport vehicle other than a vehicle (e.g., a ship, an airplane, etc.) or a device mounted thereon. Terminal device 10 may also be a sensor or a device mounted thereon. Furthermore, terminal device 10 may also be referred to as a terminal, mobile station, mobile terminal, mobile device, mobile unit, subscriber station, subscriber terminal, subscriber device, subscriber unit, wireless station, wireless terminal, wireless device, wireless unit, remote station, remote terminal, remote device, remote unit, and other names. Terminal device 10 may also be a device adapted to one or more of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC).

[0059] Base station device 20 manages at least one cell. A cell is the smallest unit constituting a communication area. For example, a cell belongs to a frequency (e.g., a carrier frequency) and includes one component carrier. The term "cell" sometimes refers to a wireless communication resource and sometimes to a communication target of terminal device 100. Base station device 20 wirelessly communicates with terminal device 10 located in the cell in both the U-plane and the C-plane. In other words, base station device 20 terminates both the U-plane and C-plane protocols for terminal device 10.

[0060] Base station device 20 communicates with core network 30 in both the U-plane and C-plane. More specifically, core network 30 includes multiple logical nodes, including an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and a User Plane Function (UPF). Base station device 20 is connected to the AMF in the C-plane and to the UPF in the U-plane.

[0061] Base station device 20 may be, for example, a gNB that provides terminal device 10 with U-plane and C-plane conforming to the 3GPP 5G NR specification and connects to the 3GPP 5GC (5G Core Network). Alternatively, base station device 20 may also be a device conforming to other older or newer 3GPP specifications.

[0062] The base station device 20 may include multiple unit devices. For example, the base station device 20 may include a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), and a radio unit (RU).

[0063] Multiple base station devices 20 are interconnected to form a Radio Access Network (RAN). The radio access network formed by the base station devices 20, which act as gNBs, can also be referred to as NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network). The base station devices 20, which act as gNBs, can also be referred to as NG-RAN nodes.

[0064] Multiple base station devices 20 are interconnected via a predetermined interface (e.g., an Xn interface). More specifically, for example, multiple base station devices 20 are interconnected in the U plane via an Xn-U interface and in the C plane via an Xn-C interface. Furthermore, multiple base station devices 20 may also be interconnected via other interfaces with different functions or names.

[0065] Each base station device 20 is connected to the core network 30 via a predetermined interface (e.g., an NG interface). More specifically, for example, each base station device 20 is connected to the UPF of the core network 30 via an NG-U interface in the U plane and to the AMF of the core network 30 via an NG-C interface in the C plane. Furthermore, each base station device 20 may also connect to the core network 30 via other interfaces with different functions or names.

[0066] Reference Figure 2 The wireless protocol architecture between terminal device 10 and base station device 20 is explained. Additionally, refer to... Figure 3 The wireless protocol architecture between terminal device 10 and base station device 20, and between terminal device 10 and core network 30, is described.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, in the protocol stack of the U-plane, the layers arranged sequentially from the lowest layer are: Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer. Each of these layers terminates at the base station device 20 on the network side.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, in the protocol stack of the C plane, the layers arranged sequentially from the lowest layer are: Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Non-Access Stratum (NAS). All layers except the NAS are terminated at the base station device 20 for the network side. The NAS is terminated at the AMF of the core network 30 for the network side.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the terminal device 10 includes a processor 101, a memory 102, an input / output interface 103, a wireless interface 104, and an antenna 105 as hardware elements. These elements in the terminal device 10 are interconnected via an internal bus. Alternatively, the terminal device 10 may also include... Figure 4 Hardware elements other than those shown.

[0070] The processor 101 is a computing element that implements various functions of the terminal device 10. The processor 101 may be a SoC (System-on-a-Chip) that includes elements such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and a memory controller.

[0071] The memory 102 includes at least one storage medium such as RAM (Random Access Memory) or eMMC (embedded Multimedia Card). The memory 102 is an element that temporarily or permanently stores programs and data used to perform various processes in the terminal device 10. The programs include one or more commands for actions of the terminal device 10. The processor 101 implements the functions of the terminal device 10 by expanding the programs stored in the memory 102 into the memory 102 and / or system memory (not shown) and executing them.

[0072] The input / output interface 103 is an interface that receives operations from the terminal device 10 and provides them to the processor 101, and presents various information to the user. The input / output interface 103 is, for example, a touch panel.

[0073] The wireless interface 104 is a circuit that performs various signal processing functions to enable wireless communication, including a baseband processor and RF circuitry. The wireless interface 104 transmits and receives radio signals with the base station device 20 via the antenna 105.

[0074] like Figure 5 As shown, the terminal device 10 includes a control unit 110 and a communication unit 120 as functional blocks. The communication unit 120 includes at least one transmitting unit 121 and at least one receiving unit 122.

[0075] The control unit 110 may include at least one processor 101 and at least one memory 102. In other words, the control unit 110 may be implemented by the processor 101 and the memory 102. The control unit 110 performs various control processes in the terminal device 10. For example, the control unit 110 controls wireless communication with the base station device 20 via the communication unit 120. That is, the control unit 110 transmits and receives data / information / messages via the communication unit 120.

[0076] The communication unit 120 includes a wireless interface 104 and an antenna 105. In other words, the communication unit 120 is implemented by the wireless interface 104 and the antenna 105. The communication unit 120 communicates wirelessly with the base station device 20 by transmitting and receiving radio signals. The communication unit 120 may include two or more wireless interfaces 104 and two or more antennas 105.

[0077] By operating the control unit 110, various processes of the terminal device 10 of this embodiment are executed.

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, the base station device 20 includes a processor 201, a memory 202, a network interface 203, a wireless interface 204, and an antenna 205 as hardware elements. These elements in the base station device 20 are interconnected via an internal bus. Alternatively, the base station device 20 may also include... Figure 6 Hardware elements other than those shown.

[0079] The processor 201 is a computing element that implements various functions of the base station device 20. The processor 201 may be a CPU, or it may include other processors such as a GPU.

[0080] The memory 202 includes at least one storage medium selected from ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM, HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), etc. The memory 202 is an element that temporarily or permanently stores programs and data used to perform various processes in the base station device 20. The programs include one or more commands for the operation of the base station device 20. The processor 201 implements the functions of the base station device 20 by expanding the programs stored in the memory 202 into the memory 202 and / or system memory (not shown) and executing them.

[0081] Network interface 203 is an interface for sending and receiving signals with other base station devices 20 and core network 30.

[0082] The wireless interface 204 is a circuit that performs various signal processing functions to enable wireless communication, including a baseband processor and RF circuitry. The wireless interface 204 transmits and receives radio signals with the base station device 20 via the antenna 205.

[0083] like Figure 7 As shown, the base station device 20 includes a control unit 210, a communication unit 220, and a network communication unit 230 as functional blocks. The communication unit 220 includes at least one transmitting unit 221 and at least one receiving unit 222.

[0084] The control unit 210 may include at least one processor 201 and at least one memory 202. In other words, the control unit 210 may be implemented by the processor 201 and the memory 202. The control unit 210 performs various control processes in the base station device 20. For example, the control unit 210 controls wireless communication with the base station device 10 via the communication unit 220. That is, the control unit 210 transmits and receives data / information / messages via the communication unit 220. In addition, for example, the control unit 210 controls communication with other nodes (e.g., other base station devices 20, nodes of the core network 30) via the network communication unit 230.

[0085] The communication unit 220 includes a wireless interface 204 and an antenna 205. In other words, the communication unit 220 is implemented by the wireless interface 204 and the antenna 205. The communication unit 220 communicates wirelessly with the terminal device 10 by transmitting and receiving radio signals. The communication unit 220 may include two or more wireless interfaces 204 and two or more antennas 205.

[0086] The network communication unit 230 includes a network interface 203. In other words, the network communication unit 230 is implemented by the network interface 203. The network interface 203 sends and receives signals with the network (and consequently, the other nodes mentioned above).

[0087] By operating the control unit 210, various processes of the base station device 20 of this embodiment are executed.

[0088] 1.2. Wireless Resources Terminal device 10 and base station device 20 communicate wirelessly with each other using wireless resources in the frequency and time domains. Additionally, terminal device 10 itself, other terminal devices 10, and / or base station device 20 use wireless resources to perform sensing. The wireless resources will be described below.

[0089] The downlink communication transmission method from base station device 20 to terminal device 10 is, for example, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using a cyclic prefix (CP), i.e., CP-OFDM. The uplink communication transmission method from terminal device 10 to base station device 20 is, for example, the aforementioned CP-OFDM, or DFTS-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) applying CP-OFDM after transform precoding of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spreading. The transmission method for sensing signals can also adopt the above method. Sensing signals are transmitted from base station device 20 to terminal device 10, or transmitted between terminal devices 10.

[0090] A cyclic prefix is ​​a redundant signal that functions as a guard period (GP) to prevent inter-symbol interference and inter-carrier interference, and it is inserted at the beginning of an OFDM symbol. As categories of cyclic prefixes, there are normal cyclic prefixes and extended cyclic prefixes.

[0091] Multiple mutually orthogonal subcarriers are used as frequency-domain radio resources in OFDM. These subcarriers are arranged in the frequency domain with a predetermined subcarrier spacing (SCS) Δf. In a communication / sensing system S, multiple subcarrier spacings Δf can be applied. The subcarrier spacing Δf can be represented, for example, by the following formula. Δf=2 μ 15 [kHz]

[0092] Here, μ is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and can take at least any of the values ​​0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing Δf [kHz] can take at least any of the values ​​15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960. In addition, μ can also take values ​​greater than or equal to 7.

[0093] In the time domain of OFDM, such as Figure 8 As shown, a hierarchical radio frame configuration is used. A radio frame consists of 10 subframes. Subframes are assigned subframe numbers that are counted upwards from 0 to 9. A radio frame is divided into two half-frames. The duration of a radio frame is 10 ms, the duration of a half-frame is 5 ms, and the duration of a subframe is 1 ms. These durations do not depend on the subcarrier spacing Δf.

[0094] A subframe comprises one or more slots. The number of slots Ns in a subframe depends on the value of μ mentioned above, and thus on the subcarrier spacing Δf. The number of slots Ns can be represented, for example, by the following formula. Ns=2 μ

[0095] A time slot includes multiple symbols. The number of symbols in a time slot depends on the type of cyclic prefix. For example, with a regular cyclic prefix, a time slot includes 14 symbols. With an extended cyclic prefix, a time slot includes 12 symbols.

[0096] As mentioned above, the number of time slots and symbols in each of the radio frames, half-frames, and subframes, which have fixed durations, is variable. Therefore, the duration of the time slots and the duration of the symbols are also variable.

[0097] A resource element (RE) is a time-frequency domain radio resource unit consisting of one subcarrier and one symbol. A resource block (RB) is a time-frequency domain radio resource unit consisting of 12 subcarriers and multiple symbols.

[0098] Radio frames are assigned a System Frame Number (SFN) that increments by 1 from 0 to 1023. SFN "0" represents the initial SFN value, and SFN "1023" represents the maximum SFN value. Therefore, the next radio frame after a radio frame assigned SFN 1023 is assigned SFN 0. Since the duration of a radio frame is 10ms, the duration of one cycle of the System Frame Number is 10240ms (=10.24 seconds).

[0099] Here, the base station device 20 can configure one or more serving cells for the terminal device 10. A serving cell may correspond to a component carrier in the downlink and / or a component carrier in the uplink. The technique of configuring one or more serving cells and performing wireless communication between the base station device 20 and the terminal device 10 can also be referred to as carrier aggregation.

[0100] Additionally, the base station device 20 can configure one or more bandwidth portions (BWPs) for the terminal device 10 for each of one or more serving cells. For example, a downlink bandwidth portion (DL-BWP) can be configured in the downlink of a serving cell. Additionally, an uplink bandwidth portion (UL-BWP) can be configured in the uplink of a serving cell. Here, the DL-BWP can include an initial DL-BWP and / or a dedicated DL-BWP. Similarly, the UL-BWP can include an initial UL-BWP and / or a dedicated UL-BWP. Hereinafter, BWPs can include DL-BWPs and / or UL-BWPs.

[0101] 1.3. Channel and Control Information Terminal device 10 and base station device 20 send and receive user data and control information to each other. The following examples illustrate the sending and receiving of control information in the downlink and uplink.

[0102] Terminal device 10 and base station device 20 use multiple hierarchical channels to send and receive user data and control information. Physical channels are channels used for physical communication between terminal device 10 and base station device 20. Examples of physical channels include the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), and Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

[0103] A transport channel is a channel located above the physical channel and is mapped to the physical channel in the PHY layer. Multiple transport channels can be mapped to a single physical channel. Examples of transport channels include the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) and the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH). For example, data in the downlink is also referred to as DL-SCH data. Conversely, data in the uplink can also be referred to as UL-SCH data. Here, DL-SCH data includes user data in the downlink. UL-SCH data includes user data in the uplink.

[0104] A logical channel is a channel that sits above a transport channel and is mapped to a transport channel in the MAC layer. Multiple logical channels can be mapped to one transport channel, and one logical channel can be mapped to multiple transport channels. Logical channels are classified according to the characteristics of the information they transmit. Examples of logical channels include Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), and Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH).

[0105] Base station device 20 uses the PDCCH as the physical channel to send downlink control information (DCI) to terminal device 10. The DCI includes information related to the resource allocation for the downlink and uplink of terminal device 10, as well as control information for terminal device 10. The DCI is mapped to the PDCCH, which is equivalent to Layer 1 signaling.

[0106] Here, one or more formats can be specified for DCI transmissions in the PDCCH. The format specified for DCI transmissions in the PDCCH can be referred to as a DCI format. For example, a DCI format may include a DCI format for scheduling the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) (e.g., formats referred to as DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, and / or DCI format 1_2). Additionally, for example, a DCI format may include a DCI format for scheduling the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) (e.g., formats referred to as DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, and / or DCI format 0_2). Furthermore, a DCI format may include a DCI format not used for scheduling the PDSCH and / or PUSCH. A DCI format used for scheduling the PDSCH and / or PUSCH can be referred to as a scheduled DCI format. A DCI format not used for scheduling the PDSCH and / or PUSCH can be referred to as a non-scheduled DCI format. In this embodiment, for ease of explanation, "DCI format" is sometimes simply referred to as "PDCCH". In addition, "DCI generated according to DCI format" is sometimes simply referred to as "DCI format".

[0107] For example, base station device 20 can be configured to monitor (i.e., supervise) the frequency domain resources and / or time domain resources of the PDCCH candidate set. For example, the frequency domain resources monitored by terminal device 10 for the PDCCH candidate set can be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). Additionally, the time domain resources monitored by terminal device 10 for the PDCCH candidate set can be referred to as a search space set (SSS). Terminal device 10 can monitor the PDCCH candidate set in one or more CORESETs within the DL-BWP of the serving cell configured with PDCCH monitoring, according to the corresponding search space set. Here, monitoring can mean attempting to decode each of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI format. This configuration can be referred to as blind decoding.

[0108] Here, a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) scrambled with an RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier) ​​can be added to the DCI (or DCI format) transmitted on the PDCCH. CRC can also be called a CRC parity check bit. Several types of RNTIs are defined. For example, the base station device 20 can configure each RNTI by sending an RRC message, which includes information indicating a C-RNTI (Cell-RNTI), information indicating an MCS-C-RNTI (Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell-RNTI), and information indicating a CS-RNTI (Configured Scheduling-RNTI). That is, a CRC scrambled with at least one of C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, and CS-RNTI can be added to the DCI (or DCI format) transmitted on the PDCCH.

[0109] Terminal device 10 can monitor (and / or receive) PDCCH and detect (and / or receive) DCI format.

[0110] Terminal device 10 uses PUCCH, which serves as the physical channel, to send uplink control information (UCI) to base station device 20. UCI includes control information such as scheduling requests (SR), Ack / Nack for Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ), and channel state information (CSI). UCI is mapped to PUCCH or PUSCH, equivalent to Layer 1 signaling.

[0111] The base station device 20 uses the DL-SCH as a transmission channel to send the MAC layer control element (CE) to the terminal device 10. The downlink MAC CE is mapped to the PDSCH via the DL-SCH, which is equivalent to layer 2 signaling.

[0112] Terminal device 10 uses UL-SCH as the transmission channel to send MAC layer control element (CE) to base station device 20. The uplink MAC CE includes control information such as buffer status report (BSR). The uplink MAC CE is mapped to PUSCH via UL-SCH, which is equivalent to layer 2 signaling.

[0113] Base station device 20 uses the BCCH (Broadcast Channel) as a logical channel to send (or broadcast) system information (SI) to terminal device 10. SI includes Minimum System Information (MSI) and Other System Information (OSI). MSI includes the Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block 1 (SIB 1). SIB 1 can be referred to as Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI). OSI includes system information blocks other than SIB 1 (SIB 2 onwards). In the BCCH, MIB is mapped to PBCH via BCH (Broadcast Channel), and SIB is mapped to PDSCH via DL-SCH.

[0114] Base station device 20 uses the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) established between terminal device 10 and base station device 20 in the RRC layer to send control information in the RRC layer to terminal device 10. Hereinafter, messages exchanged between base station device 20 and terminal device 10 in the RRC layer can be referred to as RRC messages. There are several types of SRBs (e.g., SRB 0, SRB 1, SRB 2, SRB 3, SRB 4). In addition to RRC messages, SRBs are also used for sending and receiving NAS messages, which include control information in the NAS layer. CCCH or DCCH is used to send RRC messages from base station device 20 to terminal device 10. CCCH and DCCH are mapped to PDSCH via DL-SCH, respectively. RRC messages are equivalent to Layer 3 signaling.

[0115] As an example of a downlink RRC message, the RRC Reconfiguration message will be explained. The RRC Reconfiguration message is an RRC message sent from base station device 20 to terminal device 10 using SRB 1 or SRB 3. The DCCH is used to send the RRC Reconfiguration message. The RRC Reconfiguration message is used to perform reconfiguration or modification related to the connection between base station device 20 and terminal device 10.

[0116] Terminal device 10 uses the aforementioned SRB to send an RRC message to base station device 20. CCCH or DCCH is used to send the RRC message from terminal device 10 to base station device 20. CCCH and DCCH are mapped to PUSCH via UL-SCH, respectively. The RRC message is equivalent to Layer 3 signaling.

[0117] As an example of an uplink RRC message, the User Equipment Capability Information (UECapabilityInformation) message will be explained. The UECapability Information message is an RRC message sent from terminal device 10 to base station device 20 using SRB 1. The DCCH is used to send the UECapability Information message. The UECapability Information message is used to notify base station device 20 of information related to the radio access capability of terminal device 10.

[0118] As an example of an uplink RRC message, the UE Assistance Information (UE Assistance Information) message will be explained. The UE Assistance Information message is an RRC message sent from terminal device 10 to base station device 20 using SRB 1 or SRB 3. The DCCH is used to send the UE Assistance Information message. The UE Assistance Information message is used to notify base station device 20 of various information (UE assistance information) related to terminal device 10.

[0119] 1.4. Sensing 1.4.1. Sensing Channel / Sensing Signal As described above, terminal device 10 itself, other terminal devices 10, and / or base station device 20 perform sensing. Sensing detects objects by receiving radio waves emitted by objects such as people and obstacles, analyzing changes in the spectrum of these radio waves. Hereinafter, the objects detected by sensing will be referred to as "detected objects." Detected objects include people, animals, and objects being detected.

[0120] In this embodiment, a sensing channel and / or sensing signal, defined separately from wireless communication, are used for the radio waves used to perform sensing. This allows for the separation of the communication channel / communication signal from the sensing channel / sensing signal. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, it is assumed that a "sensing signal" is used for performing sensing. The sensing signal and sensing channel can be used interchangeably.

[0121] Regarding sensing, as will be described later, in the case of self-sensing, the same device acts as both a sensor transmitter and a sensor receiver; the sensor transmitter sends a sensing signal, and the sensor receiver receives the sensing signal. In the case of cooperative sensing, one of the different devices acts as a sensor transmitter, and the other acts as a sensor receiver; the sensor transmitter sends a sensing signal, and the sensor receiver receives the sensing signal. In either case, sensing is performed by exchanging sensing signals.

[0122] 1.4.2. Sensor Transmitter / Sensor Receiver For example, when sensing is performed between two terminal devices 10, one of the two terminal devices 10 sends a sensing signal, and the other terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected from the object being detected, and its spectrum changes due to the Doppler effect. The terminal device 10 that receives the sensing signal detects the object by analyzing the changes in the spectrum of the sensing signal. Furthermore, in order to distinguish among multiple terminal devices, the first of the multiple terminal devices will be referred to as "first terminal device 10", the second as "second terminal device 10", and the third as "third terminal device 10".

[0123] The device that transmits the sensing signal is called a sensing transmitter. The sensing transmitter can be either the terminal device 10 or the base station device 20. The device that receives the sensing signal is called a sensing receiver. The sensing receiver can be the terminal device 10, or, depending on the situation, the base station device 20.

[0124] 1.4.3. Self-sensing When a terminal device 10 performs sensing, the terminal device 10 functions as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. For example... Figure 9As shown, the terminal device 10 functions as both a sensor transmitter and a sensor receiver. In this case, the terminal device 10 transmits sensor signals as a sensor transmitter and receives sensor signals reflected from the sensor object and / or walls, etc., as a sensor receiver. Thus, sensing performed by a single device acting as both a sensor transmitter and a sensor receiver is called "self-sensing." Self-sensing can be used interchangeably with monostatic-sensing and single-sensing.

[0125] 1.4.4. Collaborative Sensing For example, when two or more terminal devices 10 perform sensing, the first terminal device 10 acts as a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 acts as a sensing receiver. In this case, the first terminal device 10 transmits sensing signals, and the second terminal device 10 receives sensing signals. Thus, sensing performed by multiple devices is called "cooperative sensing." Cooperative sensing can be used interchangeably with group sensing, collaborative sensing, bistatic sensing, and multistatic sensing.

[0126] Cooperative sensing can be achieved, for example, by having the base station device 20 act as a sensing transmitter and the terminal device 10 act as a sensing receiver. Figure 10 As shown, the base station device 20 acts as a sensor transmitter, and the terminal device 10 acts as a sensor receiver. In this case, the base station device 20 sends a sensing signal to the object being detected, and the terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal.

[0127] Alternatively, in collaborative sensing, the first terminal device 10 may act as a sensing transmitter, while the second and third terminal devices 10 may act as sensing receivers. Figure 11 As shown, the first terminal device 10 functions as a sensor transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 functions as a sensor receiver. In this case, the first terminal device 10 sends a sensing signal to the object being detected, and the second terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal.

[0128] Collaborative sensing can be performed by three or more devices. For example, two terminal devices 10 can act as sensor transmitters, and one terminal device 10 can act as a sensor receiver. In this case, the two terminal devices 10 acting as sensor transmitters send sensing signals, and the one terminal device 10 acting as a sensor receiver receives the sensing signals.

[0129] Alternatively, one terminal device 10 can act as a sensor transmitter, and two terminal devices 10 can act as sensor receivers. In this case, one terminal device 10, acting as a sensor transmitter, sends a sensing signal, and the two terminal devices 10, acting as sensor receivers, receive the sensing signal. When three or more devices are used to perform cooperative sensing, the ratio of the number of sensor transmitters to the number of sensor receivers can be N to M, where N and M are integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0130] 1.4.5. Sensing Initiator / Sensing Response For example, sometimes base station device 20 requests terminal device 10 to perform sensing. In this case, base station device 20 sends a sensing request message to terminal device 10, and terminal device 10 sends an ACK message to base station device 20. Through this process, sensing is performed by both terminal device 10 and base station device 20. Alternatively, sometimes the first terminal device 10 requests the second terminal device 10 to perform sensing. In this case, the first terminal device 10 sends a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10, and the second terminal device 10 sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. Through this process, sensing is performed by both the first and second terminal devices 10.

[0131] The device that requests to perform sensing is called the "sensing initiator". The device that performs sensing in response to a request from the sensing initiator is called the "sensing response device". The terms "sensing initiator" and "sensing requester" can be used interchangeably.

[0132] The process of initiating sensing by sending a sensing request message from the sensing initiator and sending an ACK message from the sensing response end is called the "sensing start process".

[0133] For example, base station device 20 can act as a sensing initiator, and terminal device 10 can act as a sensing responder. In this case, in response to a request from base station device 20, base station device 20 can act as a sensing transmitter, and terminal device 10 can act as a sensing receiver to perform cooperative sensing. Alternatively, in response to a request from base station device 20, terminal device 10 can act as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to perform self-sensing.

[0134] Alternatively, the base station device 20 can act as a sensing initiator, while the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 can act as sensing response devices. In this case, in response to a request from the base station device 20, the base station device 20 can act as a sensing transmitter, and the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 20 can act as sensing receivers to perform cooperative sensing. Alternatively, in response to a request from the base station device 20, the first terminal device 10 can act as a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 can act as a sensing receiver to perform cooperative sensing.

[0135] Alternatively, the first terminal device 10 can act as a sensing initiator, and the second terminal device can act as a sensing responder. In this case, in response to a request from the first terminal device 10, the first terminal device 10 can act as a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 can act as a sensing receiver to perform cooperative sensing. Alternatively, in response to a request from the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10 can act as a sensing transmitter, and the first terminal device 10 can act as a sensing receiver to perform cooperative sensing. Furthermore, in response to a request from the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10 can act as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to perform self-sensing.

[0136] 1.5. Transmit Beam / Antenna 1.5.1. Sharing of Sensing Beam and Communication Beam For example, when the terminal device 10 functions as a sensing transmitter, a beam is formed for transmitting sensing signals. Additionally, when the terminal device 10 performs wireless communication, a beam is formed for transmitting communication signals. Hereinafter, the beam used for wireless communication will be referred to as the "communication beam," and the beam used for sensing will be referred to as the "sensing beam."

[0137] The same beam can be used for both the sensing beam and the communication beam. For example, such as Figure 12 As shown, some of the multiple beams can be used as sensing beams, while others can be used as both sensing and communication beams. The sensing and communication beams can be determined and switched using antenna ports and indices.

[0138] 1.5.2. Sharing of sensing and communication antennas Furthermore, the same antenna can be used for both the antenna used to transmit sensing signals and the antenna used to transmit communication signals. Hereinafter, the beam used for wireless communication will be referred to as the "communication antenna," and the beam used for sensing will be referred to as the "sensing antenna."

[0139] For example, multiple antenna panels can be used. This allows multiple beams to be transmitted simultaneously. In this case, for example, any one of the multiple antenna panels can be used as a sensing antenna, while the others can be used as both sensing and communication antennas.

[0140] like Figure 13 As shown, for example, the beam transmitted from the antenna panel AP1 installed on one side of the terminal device 10 can be used as both a sensing beam and a communication beam. Similarly, the beam transmitted from the antenna panel AP2 installed on the other side of the terminal device 10 can be used as both a sensing beam and a communication beam. With this configuration, for example, by simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing beam from antenna panel AP1 and the communication beam from antenna panel AP2, it is possible to simultaneously transmit and receive both the sensing beam and the communication beam. Furthermore, by simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing beam from antenna panel AP1 and the sensing beam from antenna panel AP2, it is possible to simultaneously transmit and receive multiple sensing beams.

[0141] 1.5.3. Separation of Sensing Beam and Communication Beam Different beams can be used for sensing beams and communication beams. For example, such as Figure 14 As shown, some of the multiple beams can be used as sensing beams, while others can be used as communication beams. The sensing beam and the communication beam can be switched using antenna ports and indices.

[0142] By using different beams for the sensing beam and the communication beam, the sensing beam and communication beam can be separated. In wireless communication, the range of the transmitted communication signal may differ from the range of the transmitted sensing signal. In wireless communication, beam scanning is used to extend the signal transmission range. For example, if the overall range of the transmitted sensing signal is narrower than the range of the transmitted communication signal, beam scanning is less necessary for transmitting the sensing signal compared to transmitting the communication signal. Separating the sensing beam and the communication beam allows for more flexible handling of such situations.

[0143] 1.5.4. Separation of Sensing Antenna and Communication Antenna In addition, different antennas can be used for the antennas used to transmit sensing signals and for the antennas used to transmit communication signals.

[0144] like Figure 15As shown, for example, the beam transmitted from one of the antenna panels AP1 provided in the terminal device 10 can be used as a sensing beam. In addition, the beam transmitted from one of the antenna panels AP2 provided in the terminal device 10 can be used as a communication beam. With such a configuration, for example, by simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing beam from the antenna panel AP1 and transmitting and receiving the communication beam from the antenna panel AP2, it is possible to simultaneously transmit and receive the sensing beam and the communication beam.

[0145] As described above, in wireless communication, there is a possibility that the range for transmitting communication signals and the range for transmitting sensing signals are generally different. When the range for transmitting communication signals is generally wider than the range for transmitting sensing signals, it is sometimes preferable to configure only the communication antenna as a multi-directional antenna. By separating the sensing antenna from the communication antenna, it is possible to flexibly cope with such a situation.

[0146] 1.6. Separation of Sensing Resources and Communication Resources The resources for transmitting sensing signals are separated from the resources for transmitting communication signals in the time domain / frequency domain / code domain. Hereinafter, the beam used for wireless communication is referred to as "communication resource", and the beam used for sensing is referred to as "sensing resource". By separating the sensing resources from the communication resources, it is possible to at least avoid interference between the sensing signals and the communication signals.

[0147] 1.6.1. Time Division Multiplexing The sensing resources can be separated from the communication resources in the time domain. As Figure 16 shown, the time domain of the sensing resources and the time domain of the communication resources are alternately allocated at a certain period. In Figure 16 , the time domain of the sensing resources is represented by "S", and the time domain of the communication resources is represented by "C".

[0148] The time domain of the sensing resources can be, for example, a time interval of N time slots, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The time domain of the communication resources can be, for example, a time interval of M time slots, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N > M, N = M, or N < M. In addition, in this embodiment, the sensing resources and the communication resources are allocated in units of time slots, but instead of time slots, they can be allocated in units of frames, sub-frames, or other time units.

[0149] When the sensing resources are separated from the communication resources in the time domain, the base station device 20 can send information related to the time domain of the sensing resources to the terminal device 10. Information related to the time domain can be sent using, for example, messages of other layers such as RRC messages or MAC CE.

[0150] Time-domain related information includes information used to determine the time domain of the sensing resources. For example, time-domain related information may include the interval at which the time domain of the sensing resources is inserted into the communication resources. For instance, when there are 20 time slots in a frame and the time domain of the sensing resources is inserted every three time slots in a frame, the interval between the insertions of the time domain of the sensing resources is 3 (time slots). The interval at which the time domain of the sensing resources is inserted may be referred to as the "time domain period".

[0151] Additionally, time-domain related information can include offset. Offset is the time difference, measured in time slots, between the start of the sensing resource's time domain and the start of the sensing of the resource, relative to the start of the frame. For example, if the sensing of the resource's time domain begins two time slots after the start of the frame, the offset is 2 (time slots).

[0152] Furthermore, time-domain related information can include the length of the sensing resource in the time domain. For example, if the sensing resource also has five time slots in the time domain, the length of the sensing resource in the time domain is 5 (time slots). The length of the sensing resource in the time domain can be referred to as the "time domain length".

[0153] 1.6.2. Frequency Division Multiplexing Sensing resources can be separated from communication resources in the frequency domain. For example... Figure 17 As shown, the frequency domain of sensing resources and the frequency domain of communication resources are alternately allocated per subcarrier or block. Figure 17 In this context, the frequency domain of sensing resources is represented by "S", and the frequency domain of communication resources is represented by "C".

[0154] The frequency domain of sensing resources can be a frequency band allocated to each subcarrier or block, denoted as FQ1. The frequency domain of communication resources can be a frequency band allocated to each subcarrier or block, denoted as FQ2.

[0155] When sensing resources are separated from communication resources in the frequency domain, the base station device 20 can send frequency domain-related information about the sensing resources to the terminal device 10. This frequency domain-related information can be sent, for example, using RRC messages or messages from other layers such as MAC CE.

[0156] Frequency-domain related information includes information used to determine the frequency domain of the sensing resources. For example, frequency-domain related information may include the interval in which the frequency domain of the sensing resources is interpolated to the communication resources. For instance, if the communication resources are allocated to three consecutive subcarriers out of four consecutive subcarriers and the sensing resources are allocated to one subcarrier, the frequency domain of the sensing resources is interpolated by an interval of 4 (subcarriers). This interval in the frequency domain of the sensing resources may be referred to as the "frequency domain spacing".

[0157] Additionally, frequency-domain related information may include the frequency bandwidth used in the frequency domain for the sensing resources.

[0158] 1.6.3. Code Division Multiplexing Sensing resources can be separated from communication resources in the code domain. For example... Figure 18 As shown, by applying different codes to each subcarrier or block, the code domain of sensing resources and the code domain of communication resources are alternately allocated. For example, the applied codes can be ZC sequences or DFTS-OFDM sequences. Figure 18 In this context, the code domain of sensing resources is represented by "S", and the code domain of communication resources is represented by "C".

[0159] The code domain of the sensing resources can be the region where orthogonal or non-orthogonal codes are applied to each subcarrier or block, and the region where the code is applied is denoted as CD1. The frequency domain of the communication resources can be the region where orthogonal or non-orthogonal codes are applied to each subcarrier or block, and the region where the code is applied is denoted as CD2.

[0160] When sensing resources are separated from communication resources in the code domain, the base station device 20 can send information related to the code domain of the sensing resources to the terminal device 10. This code domain-related information can be sent, for example, using RRC messages or messages from other layers such as MAC CE.

[0161] Information related to the code domain includes information used to determine the code domain of the sensing resource. For example, information related to the code domain may include the interval at which the code domain of the sensing resource is inserted into the communication resource. For example, if the code for the communication resource is applied to three consecutive subcarriers out of four, and the code for the sensing resource is applied to one subcarrier, the interval at which the code domain of the sensing resource is inserted is 4 (subcarriers). The interval at which the code domain of the sensing resource is inserted may be referred to as the "code domain interval".

[0162] 1.6.4. Combination Sensing resources can be separated from communication resources in any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain. For example, sensing resources can be separated from communication resources in the same time domain within the frequency domain and / or code domain. Alternatively, sensing resources can be separated from communication resources in the same frequency domain within the time domain and / or code domain. Furthermore, sensing resources can be separated from communication resources in the same code domain within the time domain and / or frequency domain. Through these arbitrary segmentation and multiplexing methods, sensing resources and communication resources are separated.

[0163] 1.7. Separation of sensing resources from other devices The separation of sensing resources and communication resources is supplemented or alternatively implemented by separating the sensing resources used for each sensing operation within the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain. This separation avoids interference between sensing signals from different devices.

[0164] 1.7.1. Frequency Division Multiplexing / Code Division Multiplexing in the Same Time Domain exist Figure 16 Within the time domain "S" of the sensing resources shown, the sensing resources can be separated in the frequency domain and / or code domain. For example... Figure 19 As shown, different frequency domains, different code domains, or combinations of different frequency domains and different code domains can be allocated within the time domain indicated by time slot 0. The same applies to subsequent time slots 1 and z. Thus, sensing resources are separated in the frequency domain and / or code domain within the same time domain. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the time domain is measured in time slots, but it can also be measured in frames, subframes, or other time units instead of time slots.

[0165] 1.7.2. Time Division Multiplexing / Code Division Multiplexing in the Same Frequency Domain exist Figure 17 Within the frequency domain "S" of the sensing resources shown, the sensing resources can be separated in the time domain and / or code domain. For example... Figure 20 As shown, different time domains, different code domains, or combinations of different time domains and different code domains can be allocated within the frequency domain, indicated by FQ0, which represents a certain frequency band. The same applies to FQ1 and FQz. Thus, within the same frequency domain, sensing resources are separated in the time domain and / or code domain.

[0166] 1.7.3. Time Division Multiplexing / Frequency Division Multiplexing within the Same Code Domain exist Figure 18 Within the code domain "S" of the sensing resource shown, the sensing resource can be separated in the time domain and / or frequency domain. For example... Figure 21 As shown, different time domains, different frequency domains, or combinations of different time domains and different frequency domains can be allocated within the code domain indicated by CD0. The same applies to subsequent CD1 and CDz. Thus, within the same code domain, sensing resources are separated in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0167] 1.7.4. Assignment of Sensor ID To determine the resources, a sensing ID can be assigned to the resources allocated as described above. A sensing ID is assigned to each resource allocated in any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain described above.

[0168] For example, in the above method, when sensing resources are separated in the time and frequency domains, the resources allocated to each sensor are allocated in combinations of different time slots and different frequencies. In this case, a sensing ID is assigned to each resource allocated in combinations of different time slots and different frequencies.

[0169] A sense ID is an identifier that can identify the allocated resource. For example, such as Figure 22As shown, for each resource allocated in different combinations of time slots and frequencies, a consecutive number is assigned, and the sensing ID corresponds to the assigned consecutive number. Furthermore, the sensing ID can be used interchangeably with "resource ID" and "sensing resource ID".

[0170] In any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain, assigning a sensing ID to each resource allocated for sensing can identify that resource, thereby enabling the determination of the resource used to perform the sensing. For example, as described later, when the base station device 20 allocates sensing resources, the terminal device 10 can determine the resources to be used by notifying the terminal device 10 of the sensing ID.

[0171] In any of the above methods, the allocated sensing resources are used to perform sensing. During sensing, the sensing transmitter sends a sensing signal, and the sensing receiver receives the sensing signal.

[0172] Communication occurs between terminal device 10 and base station device 20, or between terminal devices 10, during the resource allocation process and the sensing initiation process. Sensing resources can be used to perform the sensing initiation process.

[0173] like Figure 23 As shown, both the sensing initiation process and the sensing itself can be performed within the time domain of the sensing resources. Furthermore, the process of reporting sensing results, described later, can also be performed within the time domain of the sensing resources. By using sensing resources for the sensing initiation process, sensing and communication can be more clearly separated. Moreover, as detailed later, the process for allocating sensing resources will be referred to as the "resource allocation process."

[0174] In addition, such as Figure 24 As shown, the sensing initiation process can be executed within the time domain of the communication resources. Furthermore, the process of reporting the sensing results, described later, can also be executed within the time domain of the communication resources. In this case, since sensing is performed solely using the sensing resources, the amount of sensing resources allocated can be reduced compared to communication resources.

[0175] 1.8. Resource Allocation Process 1.8.1. Resource allocation through base station equipment As described above, sensing resources are allocated, but the resource allocation process is performed in various ways. During the resource allocation process, the base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources to the terminal device 10.

[0176] (1) Scheduling Request (SR) The base station device 20 can allocate sensing resources in response to a sensing resource allocation request from the terminal device 10. For example, a radio resource allocation SR for requesting PUSCH can be used for this request.

[0177] Base station device 20 allocates PUCCH resources for transmitting SR to terminal device 10. Base station device 20 sends an RRC message including the parameters of SR to terminal device 10. The parameters of SR are included in the SchedulingRequestResourceConfig IE, which is an example of the InformationElement (IE) of RRC.

[0178] Terminal device 10 uses configured PUCCH resources to send a UCI including a SR to base station device 20. Terminal device 10 can send UCIs on demand. Terminal device 10 can also send UCIs at configuration periods. For example, terminal device 10 can send an SR set to "0" (negative SR) and / or an SR set to "1" (positive SR). Base station device 20 allocates sensing resources to terminal device 10 based on the SR.

[0179] (2) Dynamic Grant (DG) DG is a scheduling method for allocating PUSCH radio resources according to the uplink granting process. This scheduling method can be used to allocate sensing resources. Base station device 20 sends a grant to terminal device 10 on the PDCCH. Terminal device 10 performs sensing according to the grant. For example, base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources using a DCI format accompanied by a CRC scrambled with C-RNTI and / or MCS-C-RNTI (i.e., a DCI format for allocating sensing resources), and terminal device 10 may use the allocated sensing resources to perform sensing. Here, the New Data Indicator included in the DCI format with the CRC scrambled with C-RNTI and / or MCS-C-RNTI can be set to 0 or 1.

[0180] Alternatively, the base station device 20 may use a DCI format accompanied by CS-RNTI scrambling and CRC (i.e., a DCI format for allocating sensing resources) to allocate sensing resources, and the terminal device 10 may use the allocated sensing resources to perform sensing. Here, the new data indicator included in the DCI format accompanied by CS-RNTI scrambling and CRC may be set to 1.

[0181] (3) Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) SPS is a scheduling method for semi-persistently allocating PUSCH radio resources using the aforementioned DCI format. This scheduling method can be used to allocate sensing resources. "Semi-persistent" can be used interchangeably with "periodic." Through this scheduling method, the terminal device 10 is allocated sensing resources according to a configured period.

[0182] (4) Configured Grant (CG) CG is a scheduling method for allocating PUSCH radio resources without the aforementioned dynamic licensing process. This scheduling method can be used to allocate sensing resources. Although CG includes both Type 1 and Type 2, sensing resources can be allocated in the same manner as CG Type 1.

[0183] In the same manner as CG Type 1, the base station device 20 sends an RRC message including the parameters of the CG to the terminal device 10. The parameters of the CG are included in the ConfiguredGrantConfig IE, which is an example of an information element (IE) in the RRC. The ConfiguredGrantConfig IE includes, for example, information such as the time-domain insertion interval of the aforementioned sensing resources, used to determine the time-domain / frequency-domain / code-domain of the sensing resources. The terminal device 10 performs sensing using the allocated sensing resources without being triggered by the DCI.

[0184] Alternatively, sensing resources can be allocated in the same manner as in CG Type 2. In the same manner as in CG Type 2, the base station device 20 sends a DCI scrambled with CS-RNTI to the terminal device 10. CS-RNTI is used to activate periodic transmissions. In response to the activation by the DCI scrambled with CS-RNTI, the terminal device 10 performs sensing using the allocated sensing resources.

[0185] In any of the above methods, when the base station device 20 allocates sensing resources, it assigns a sensing ID. This sensing ID can be sent to the terminal device 10. The sensing ID can be sent, for example, using an RRC message or a message from another layer such as MAC CE.

[0186] 1.8.2. Resource Determination via RNTI Alternatively, the base station device 20 can pre-allocate sensing resources and associate the sensing ID for the allocated resources with the RNTI. The information associating the sensing ID with the RNTI can be sent to the terminal device 10 as broadcast information, for example. In this way, the terminal device 10 can use the RNTI assigned to itself to determine the assigned sensing ID and then determine the allocated resources.

[0187] Alternatively, for example, a predetermined operation can be performed based on RNTI, and the sensor ID can be calculated using the value calculated as the result of the operation.

[0188] The sense ID can then be calculated as follows. Sensing ID = RNTI mod x, or Sensing ID = RNTI mod x + y x and y are predetermined integers.

[0189] 1.8.3. Selection of Terminal Device Alternatively, the base station device 20 can pre-allocate sensing resources and send a list of multiple sensing IDs corresponding to the allocated resources to the terminal device 10, for example, as broadcast information. In this way, the terminal device 10 can secure the sensing resources it uses by selecting a sensing ID from the list.

[0190] 1.9. Sensing Process Through the resource allocation process described above, sensing resources are allocated and sensing IDs are assigned. Subsequently, the base station device 20 and / or the terminal device 10 execute the sensing process. The sensing process includes the aforementioned sensing initiation process, sensing, and, in the case of cooperative sensing, the process of reporting the sensing results. Hereinafter, the process of reporting the sensing results will be referred to as the "reporting process."

[0191] In the following Figures 25 to 29 The processing performed by the terminal device 10, as described above, is executed by the control unit 110, the transmitting unit 121 of the communication unit 120, and the receiving unit 122. Similarly, the processing performed by the base station device 20 is executed by the control unit 210, the transmitting unit 221 of the communication unit 220, and the receiving unit 222.

[0192] 1.9.1. Self-sensing (1) Self-sensing via terminal device Reference Figure 25 This describes the self-sensing process performed by terminal device 10. It is assumed that terminal device 10 is assigned a sensing ID through a resource allocation process. Furthermore, it is assumed that terminal device 10 reports the sensing results to base station device 20.

[0193] In step S2501, the terminal device 10 performs self-sensing. Self-sensing is performed by transmitting a sensing signal using allocated resources, receiving a sensing signal reflected from the detected object, and analyzing changes in the spectrum of the received signal.

[0194] In step S2502, the terminal device 10 sends the sensing result to the base station device 20. The sensing result can be sent, for example, using an RRC message or a message from another layer such as MAC CE. Thus, a sensing process including self-sensing is performed.

[0195] (2) Self-sensing in response to a request from the terminal device Reference Figure 26 This describes the process by which the first terminal device 10 requests the second terminal device 10 to perform self-sensing, and the second terminal device 10 performs the self-sensing. It is assumed that the first terminal device 10 is assigned a sensing ID through a resource allocation process. Furthermore, it is assumed that the second terminal device 10 reports the sensing results to the first terminal device 10.

[0196] In step S2601, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0197] In step S2602, the second terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response terminal, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. The ACK message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0198] In step S2603, the second terminal device 10 determines the corresponding sensing resource from the sensing ID included in the sensing request message, and performs self-sensing using the determined sensing resource.

[0199] In step S2604, the second terminal device 10 sends the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. The sensing result can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface. Thus, a sensing process including self-sensing is performed.

[0200] In addition, Figure 26 In the example shown, the first terminal device 10 acts as a sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 could also act as the sensing initiator. In this case, the second terminal device 10 performs self-sensing in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20.

[0201] 1.9.2. Collaborative Sensing (1) Collaborative sensing with the sensing initiator as the sensing transmitter Reference Figure 27 This describes the process by which the first terminal device 10 requests cooperative sensing from the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10, and the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. Figure 27 In the example shown, it is assumed that the first terminal device 10 acts as a sensor transmitter, and the second and third terminal devices 10 act as sensor receivers. It is also assumed that the first terminal device 10 is assigned a sensor ID through a resource allocation process. Furthermore, it is assumed that the second and third terminal devices 10 report the sensing results to the first terminal device 10.

[0202] In step S2701, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2702, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the third terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0203] In step S2703, the second terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response end, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2704, the third terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response end, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. The ACK message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0204] In step S2705, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. Similarly, in step S2706, the first terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. In the cooperative sensing via the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10, the first terminal device 10 uses the sensing resource corresponding to the sensing ID to send a sensing signal. Additionally, the second terminal device 10 determines the sensing resource from the sensing ID included in the sensing request message and uses the determined sensing resource to receive the sensing signal. The cooperative sensing via the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 is also performed in the same manner.

[0205] In step S2707, the second terminal device 10 sends the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2708, the third terminal device 10 sends the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. The sensing result can be sent, for example, via a PC5 interface. Thus, a sensing process including self-sensing is performed.

[0206] In addition, Figure 27 In the example shown, the first terminal device 10 acts as a sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 could also act as the sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. Alternatively, the base station device 20 could also act as a sensing transmitter. In this case, the base station device 20 sends sensing signals to the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10, and the second and third terminal devices 10 receive the sensing signals, thereby performing cooperative sensing.

[0207] (2) Cooperative sensing with the sensing initiator as the sensing receiver Reference Figure 28This describes the process by which the first terminal device 10 requests cooperative sensing from the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10, and the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. Figure 28 In the example shown, it is assumed that the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 function as sensor receivers, and the third terminal device 10 functions as a sensor transmitter. It is also assumed that the first terminal device 10 is assigned a sensor ID through a resource allocation process. Furthermore, it is assumed that the second terminal device 10 reports the sensing results to the first terminal device 10.

[0208] In step S2801, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2802, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the third terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0209] In step S2803, the second terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response end, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2804, the third terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response end, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. The ACK message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0210] In step S2805, the first terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. Similarly, in step S2806, the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. In the cooperative sensing by the first terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10, the third terminal device 10 determines a sensing resource from the sensing ID included in the sensing request message and sends a sensing signal using the determined sensing resource. Additionally, the first terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal using the sensing resource corresponding to the sensing ID. The cooperative sensing by the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 is similar.

[0211] In step S2807, the second terminal device 10 sends the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. The sensing result can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface. Thus, a sensing process including self-sensing is performed.

[0212] In addition, Figure 28 In the example shown, the first terminal device 10 acts as the sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 can also act as the sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing.

[0213] The first embodiment has been described above. According to the first embodiment, resources are allocated for each sensor in any combination of the time domain, code domain, and code domain, thus preventing interference between sensing signals from different devices. Furthermore, sensing resources are separated from communication resources, thus preventing interference between sensing signals and communication signals.

[0214] 2. Second Implementation Method 2.1. Insertion without a transmission interval As described above, during sensing, the sensor transmitter sends a sensing signal, and the sensor receiver receives the sensing signal sent from the sensor transmitter. This means that during sensing, the time from when the sensing signal is sent from the sensor transmitter to when the sensing signal arrives at the sensor receiver is required. In the second embodiment, the time from when the sensing signal arrives at the sensor receiver is also considered in the time domain of the sensing resources when allocating sensing resources.

[0215] like Figure 29 As shown, considering the time the sensor receiver uses to receive the sensing signal, the allocated sensing resources in the time domain include not only the transmission interval for transmitting the sensing signal but also the time for receiving the signal. The receiving interval can be used interchangeably with a "no transmission interval".

[0216] 2.2. Generation of signal waveforms with or without transmission intervals. For example, when transmitting sensing signals using the DFTS-OFDM transmission method, sensing signals including transmission intervals and non-transmission intervals can be generated as follows.

[0217] like Figure 30 As shown, firstly, for the sensed signal, in the time domain, the length corresponding to the sampling length of X is allocated as the transmission interval. Then, the length obtained by adding a no-transmission interval to the transmission interval is allocated as the DFT size. The no-transmission interval is the interval where there is no signal.

[0218] Then, a DFT and an FFT are performed to add a propagation interval (CP). The CP can be added as a no-propagation interval. In the signal thus transformed, the length corresponding to the sample length of X is assigned as the propagation interval. The length obtained by adding the no-propagation interval to the propagation interval is then assigned as the symbol length or the FFT size.

[0219] Thus, in the time domain of sensing resources, the time until the sensing signal reaches the sensing receiver can also be considered when allocating sensing resources.

[0220] Since the transmission interval is allocated according to the length corresponding to the sampling length of X, the length of the transmission interval can be appropriately configured to match the sampling length. Furthermore, since the length obtained by adding a non-transmission interval to the transmission interval is allocated as the DFT size, and then becomes the FFT size by performing an FFT, the length obtained by adding a non-transmission interval to the transmission interval can be appropriately configured to match the FFT size.

[0221] Additionally, multiple transmission intervals can be allocated. For example, such as... Figure 31 As shown, the first transmission interval, the first no-transmission interval, the second transmission interval, and the second no-transmission interval can be allocated as DFT sizes. Figure 31 In the example shown, the first transmission interval and the second transmission interval correspond to Figure 30 The sample length X is shown as X / 2 of the sample length. The first no-transmission interval and the second no-transmission interval correspond to... Figure 30 The area shown is 1 / 2 of the non-transmission interval.

[0222] By allocating the transfer interval and the no-transfer interval in this way, when performing DFT and FFT to add CP, the first transfer interval, the first no-transfer interval, the second transfer interval, and the second no-transfer interval are allocated to the FFT size.

[0223] When the terminal device 10 sends a sensing signal, in the following... Figure 30 as well as Figure 31 The processing of the generated signal waveform described herein is performed by the control unit 110, the transmitting unit 121 of the communication unit 120, and the receiving unit 122 in the terminal device 10. Furthermore, when the base station device 20 transmits a sensing signal, this is performed by the control unit 210, the transmitting unit 221 of the communication unit 220, and the receiving unit 222.

[0224] The second embodiment has been described as above. According to the second embodiment, in the time domain of the sensing resources, in addition to the transmission interval, a no-transmission interval is also allocated, so that resources can be allocated more appropriately for transmitting sensing signals.

[0225] 3. Third Implementation Method In the first embodiment, an example of separating sensing resources from communication resources in any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain is described. When sensing resources are separated from communication resources, allocating more sensing resources increases sensing accuracy, but is expected to reduce communication speed. Conversely, allocating fewer sensing resources increases communication speed, but is expected to reduce sensing accuracy.

[0226] In the third embodiment, the ratio of allocated communication resources to allocated sensing resources is set to be variable. Hereinafter, an example will be described where the ratio of allocated communication resources to allocated sensing resources is set to be variable, provided that the sensing resources are separated from the communication resources in the time domain.

[0227] For example, by reducing the value of the time-domain period, more sensing resources are allocated in the time domain, where the time-domain period is the interval at which the time domain of the sensing resources is inserted into the aforementioned communication resources.

[0228] Figure 32 This example illustrates a time domain configuration with 20 time slots within a frame, where one time slot length of sensing resources is inserted every four time slots within the frame. In this case, the time domain period is 4. For example, by changing the value of the time domain period to 3, as... Figure 33 As shown, within a frame, every three time slots are inserted into a time domain of one time slot length of sensing resources, thus allocating more sensing resources.

[0229] Alternatively, for example, by increasing the value of the time domain length, which is the length of the time domain of the aforementioned sensing resources, more sensing resources are allocated in the time domain.

[0230] As mentioned above, Figure 32 The diagram illustrates an example of a time domain with 20 time slots within a frame, where one time slot length of sensing resources is inserted every four time slots within a frame. For example, by changing the value of the time domain length to 2, as shown... Figure 34 As shown, within a frame, a time domain of sensing resources with a length of two time slots is inserted every four time slots, thus allocating more sensing resources.

[0231] As described above, in the time domain, the ratio of allocated communication resources to allocated sensing resources can be made variable by changing the time domain period and / or time domain length. In the frequency domain, as described above, the ratio of allocated communication resources to allocated sensing resources can be made variable by changing the frequency domain interval of the intervals inserted as sensing resources. In the code domain, as described above, the ratio of allocated communication resources to allocated sensing resources can be made variable by changing the code domain interval of the intervals inserted as sensing resources.

[0232] For example, the base station device 20 can change the above parameters based on communication services, the priority between sensing and communication, and requests from the terminal device 10 or the number of such requests. That is, the ratio of allocated communication resources to allocated sensing resources changes according to predetermined conditions. The changed parameters can be notified from the base station device 20 to the terminal device 10, from the terminal device 10 to the base station device 20, or between the terminal devices 10.

[0233] The third embodiment has been described as above. According to the third embodiment, communication resources and sensing resources can be appropriately allocated in accordance with the status of communication services, etc.

[0234] 4. Fourth Implementation Method As described above, sensing is performed by sending a sensing signal to the object being detected, receiving the sensing signal reflected from the object, and analyzing the changes in the spectrum of the received signal. For example, in the case of detecting a moving object, the moving object can be detected with high precision by repeating the sensing multiple times and changing the beam of the sensing signal for each sensing (beam scanning).

[0235] In the fourth embodiment, the sensing is repeated multiple times. Hereinafter, an example of preventing interference between sensing signals when sensing is performed multiple times will be described.

[0236] 4.1. Changes in beam, frequency, and signal sequence For example, suppose that n sensing operations are performed consecutively within a predetermined period. In this embodiment, in each of the multiple sensing operations, the beam, frequency, and code / signal sequence are changed and executed. Hereinafter, the code / signal sequence will be collectively referred to as the "signal sequence".

[0237] Figure 35 This illustrates an example of changing the beam and signal sequence in each of 16 consecutive sensing operations. Figure 35 As shown, in the 16 sensing operations, the same beam is applied twice consecutively, and a different beam is applied in the next two sensing operations. That is, the beam is changed every two sensing operations. In addition, the same frequency is applied in all 16 sensing operations. Furthermore, different signal sequences are applied in all 16 sensing operations. Moreover, the different beams include differences in beam direction, intensity, and mode.

[0238] exist Figure 35 In the example shown, sequence skipping of randomly altered signal sequences is performed across all sensing operations. Figure 35 In the example shown, the same frequency and different sequences are applied, with the beam changed every two times, and sensing is performed twice. This allows for more accurate detection of the target object using Doppler estimation. Furthermore, changing the beam every two times is just an example. For instance, the beam could be changed every m times (more than two times).

[0239] Figure 36 This illustrates an example of changing the beam and frequency in each of 16 consecutive sensing operations. Figure 36As shown, the beam is changed every two of the 16 sensing operations. Furthermore, a first frequency is applied in the first sensing operation and a second frequency is applied in the second sensing operation, repeating this process twice. That is, the first and second frequencies are applied alternately in the two sensing operations. Moreover, the same signal sequence is applied in all 16 sensing operations.

[0240] exist Figure 36 In the example shown, the same signal sequence is applied with different frequencies, and the beam is changed every two times, performing the sensing twice. This achieves the effect of frequency diversity. Furthermore, changing the beam every two times and alternately applying the first and second frequencies is just one example. For instance, the beam could be changed every m times (more than two times), and the first to the m-th frequencies could be applied alternately in m sensing operations.

[0241] Figure 37 This illustrates an example of changing the beam, frequency, and signal sequence in each of 16 consecutive sensing operations. For example... Figure 37 As shown, different beams and signal sequences were applied in all 16 sensing operations. Furthermore, a first frequency was applied in the first sensing, and a second frequency was applied in the second sensing, repeating this process twice. That is, the first and second frequencies were applied alternately in each of the two sensing operations.

[0242] exist Figure 37 In the example shown, sequence skipping of randomly altered signal sequences is performed across all sensing operations. Figure 37 The example shown applies different beams in all sensing operations. This allows for the support of many beams. Furthermore, alternating the application of the first and second frequencies is just one example. For instance, the first to the m-th frequencies could be alternated across m sensing operations, where m is an integer greater than 2.

[0243] Figures 35 to 37 The example shown, where the beam, frequency, and signal sequence are changed in each sensing operation, is merely an example. In this embodiment, any one or a combination of the beam, frequency, and signal sequence is changed in each sensing operation. This prevents interference between sensing signals from different devices and improves sensing accuracy during multiple sensing operations.

[0244] 4.2. Resource Allocation Sensing resources for sensing are allocated during the aforementioned resource allocation process. That is, sensing resources are allocated by the base station device 20, determined by the RNTI, or selected by the terminal device 10. In any case, the resource allocation process can be performed at each of the n sensing operations.

[0245] Alternatively, sensing resources can be allocated n times by performing a single resource allocation process. In this case, n sensing IDs are allocated by performing a single resource allocation process. For example, when requesting resource allocation, terminal device 10 can notify base station device 20 of the number of sensing operations to be performed. Hereinafter, the number of sensing operations to be performed is referred to as the "sensing count". Base station device 20 allocates sensing resources corresponding to the notified sensing count and assigns the corresponding sensing IDs.

[0246] Alternatively, for example, in the above method of calculating the sensing ID based on RNTI, the sensing ID can be calculated as follows when performing the a-th sensing out of n. Sensing ID = RNTI mod x + a x is a predetermined integer.

[0247] The assigned sense IDs can be n independent sense IDs. Alternatively, the assigned sense IDs can be n associated sense IDs. In this case, for example, the n sense IDs can each have a branch number different from the common number. The common number corresponds to the common sense ID, and the branch number corresponds to the sub-sense ID.

[0248] 4.3. Notifications in Collaborative Sensing In collaborative sensing scenarios where multiple sensing operations are performed consecutively, for example, the sensing initiator needs to notify the sensing responder of information such as the number of sensing operations. (See reference...) Figure 38 This describes the sensing process in which the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 perform n cooperative sensing operations. Figure 38 In the example shown, it is assumed that the first terminal device 10 functions as a sensor transmitter and the second terminal device 10 functions as a sensor receiver. Alternatively, it is assumed that the first terminal device 10 functions as a sensor initiator and the second terminal device 10 functions as a sensor response receiver.

[0249] In step S3801, the first terminal device 10 performs a resource allocation process to allocate sensing resources corresponding to the number of sensing operations n. Through this process, n sensing IDs are assigned.

[0250] In step S3802, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0251] In step S3802, the first terminal device 10 may notify the second terminal device 10 of the sensing ID corresponding to the n sensing operations simultaneously. Alternatively, in step S3805, each time a sensing operation is performed, the first terminal device 10 may notify the second terminal device 10 of the sensing ID used for subsequent sensing operations.

[0252] In step S3803, the second terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response terminal, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. The ACK message can be sent, for example, via the PC 5 interface.

[0253] In step S3804, the first terminal device 10 notifies the second terminal device 10 of sensing-related parameters. Hereinafter, the sensing-related parameters will be referred to as "sensing parameters." Sensing parameters can be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0254] Sensing parameters include the number of sensing operations. Additionally, sensing parameters include... Figures 35 to 37 The pattern shown indicates how any of the beam, frequency, and code / signal sequence will be changed in each of the n sensing operations. Hereinafter, such a pattern will be referred to as a "sensing pattern".

[0255] In addition to the above, sensing parameters may include the following information. - Transmission intervals inserted in the time domain of the sensing resources - Transmission intervals inserted in the time domain of the sensing resources + no transmission intervals - Frequency bandwidth applied in each sensing operation - The signal sequence number applied in each sensing operation.

[0256] In each sensing operation, information included in the sensing parameters such as the aforementioned transmission range and frequency bandwidth needs to be communicated. Regarding this information, in step S3803, the information corresponding to the n sensing operations can be communicated from the first terminal device 10 to the second terminal device 10 simultaneously. Alternatively, in step S3805, each time a sensing operation is performed, information about subsequent sensing operations can be communicated from the first terminal device 10 to the second terminal device 10.

[0257] In step S3805, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 repeatedly perform cooperative sensing n times.

[0258] In step S3806, the second terminal device 10 sends the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. The sensing result may be sent, for example, via a PC 5 interface.

[0259] Regarding the sensing results, in step S3805, the sensing results corresponding to the n sensing operations can be sent from the second terminal device 10 to the first terminal device 10 together. Alternatively, in step S3805, each time a sensing operation is performed, the first terminal device 10 notifies the second terminal device 10 of the sensing ID used for subsequent sensing operations.

[0260] exist Figure 38 In the process shown, for each of the n sensing operations, the resource allocation process, resource ID notification, sensing parameter notification, and reporting process are executed simultaneously. Alternatively, the above processes can be executed separately for each sensing operation.

[0261] Reference Figure 39 This describes another sensing process in which the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 perform n cooperative sensing operations. Figure 39 In the example shown, it is also assumed that the first terminal device 10 functions as a sensor transmitter and the second terminal device 10 functions as a sensor receiver. Furthermore, it is assumed that the first terminal device 10 functions as a sensor initiator and the second terminal device 10 functions as a sensor response end.

[0262] In step S3901, the first terminal device 10, acting as a sensing initiator, sends a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. In step S3902, the second terminal device 10, acting as a sensing response device, sends an ACK message to the first terminal device 10.

[0263] In step S3903, the first terminal device 10 performs a resource allocation process to allocate sensing resources for the a-th sensing operation out of n operations. Through this process, a corresponding sensing ID is assigned.

[0264] In step S3904, the first terminal device 10 notifies the second terminal device 10 of the sensing ID used for the a-th sensing. Additionally, the first terminal device 10 notifies the second terminal device 10 of sensing parameters. These sensing parameters include any one of the following: the transmission interval applied in the a-th sensing, the transmission interval plus a non-transmission interval, the frequency bandwidth, and the signal sequence number.

[0265] In step S3905, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 repeatedly perform cooperative sensing n times. In step S3906, the second terminal device 10 sends the sensing results to the first terminal device 10.

[0266] Steps S3903 to S3906 are repeated n times. Thus, for each n sensing, the resource allocation process, resource ID notification, sensing parameter notification, and reporting process are executed separately.

[0267] exist Figure 39 In the example shown, in the a-th sensing, after executing step S3906, in the subsequent a+1-th sensing, steps S3903 to S3906 are executed. After step S3906, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 can notify the execution of the a+1-th sensing after the a-th sensing. Furthermore, in the nth sensing, which is the last of the n sensing attempts, after step S3906, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 can notify the end of the sensing.

[0268] exist Figure 39 In the example shown, instead of notifying the number of sensing operations at the beginning, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 notify information related to subsequent sensing operations each time a sensing operation is performed.

[0269] In addition, Figure 38 as well as Figure 39 In the example shown, the first terminal device 10 acts as a sensing transmitter and sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 can also act as a sensing transmitter and sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the base station device 20, the first terminal device 10, and / or the second terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing.

[0270] exist Figure 38 as well as Figure 39 In the terminal device 10, the control unit 110, the transmitting unit 121 of the communication unit 120, and the receiving unit 122 perform the sensing process. Additionally, when the base station device 20 performs cooperative sensing, this is performed by the control unit 210, the transmitting unit 221 of the communication unit 220, and the receiving unit 222.

[0271] 5. Variation Example It should be understood that although this disclosure has been described according to the above embodiments, this disclosure is not limited to these embodiments or constructions. This disclosure also includes various variations and equivalent modifications. Other combinations including one or more elements included in the above embodiments also fall within the scope or concept of this disclosure.

[0272] The words, phrases, etc., used in the above embodiments are merely exemplary and can be replaced with substantially the same or similar expressions. In particular, since the technologies involved in the above embodiments are related to technical specifications, the expressions in the above embodiments can be replaced with substantially the same or similar expressions in technical specifications (e.g., the technical specifications cited in this application specification).

[0273] In the above embodiments, the information sent and received may include the same or different messages or elements already described in the technical specifications, or it may include newly defined messages or elements. In the above embodiments, the information sent and received may use different layers and / or different channels than those described in the above embodiments.

[0274] The manner and / or function provided by the apparatus described in the above embodiments can be provided by software recorded in a physical memory device and a computer executing the software, by software alone, by hardware alone, or by a combination thereof. For example, in the case where any of the above-described apparatuses is provided by electronic circuitry as hardware, it can be provided by digital circuitry or analog circuitry including multiple logic circuits.

[0275] The apparatus described in the above embodiments executes a program stored in a non-transitory tangible storage medium. By executing this program, a method corresponding to the program is performed.

[0276] 6. Postscript The above-described embodiments and variations may be described in whole or in part as in the following notes, but are not limited to the content of the following notes. Hereinafter, the relationship of a note belonging to a note belonging to a note belonging to a note belonging to a note belonging to a note is described. All the subordinate relationships of the notes described below are included in the above-described embodiments.

[0277] (Postscript 1) A terminal device (10) includes a control unit (110) and a communication unit (120). The aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are configured to perform the aforementioned sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals using any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in multiple sensing operations.

[0278] (Postscript 2) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 1, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are also configured to apply the same frequency and different beams in the aforementioned multiple sensing operations.

[0279] (Note 3) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 2, the aforementioned multiple sensing corresponds to n sensing times, and the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to apply a different beam for every m sensing times, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n > m.

[0280] (Note 4) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 2 or 3, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0281] (Note 5) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 1, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to apply different frequencies and different beams in the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0282] (Note 6) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 5, the aforementioned multiple sensing corresponds to n sensing times. The terminal device is also configured such that for every m sensing times, a different beam is applied, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n > m.

[0283] (Note 7) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 5 or 6, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to alternately apply a first frequency to a m-th frequency in m sensings corresponding to n sensings, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n > m.

[0284] (Note 8) According to any one of the appendices 5 to 7, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to apply the same signal sequence in the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0285] (Note 9) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 5, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0286] (Postscript 10) According to any one of Appendices 1 to 9, the aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are further configured to perform the aforementioned sensing by exchanging sensing signals using sensing resources allocated in each of the aforementioned multiple sensing operations. Each of the aforementioned allocated sensing resources is assigned an identifier.

[0287] (Postscript 11) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 10, the aforementioned communication unit is also configured to notify another device of the aforementioned assigned identifier in each of the aforementioned sensing.

[0288] (Postscript 12) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 10, the aforementioned communication unit is also configured to notify another device of the aforementioned assigned identifier corresponding to the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0289] (Postscript 13) According to any one of Appendix 1 to 12, the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the number of sensing corresponding to the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0290] (Postscript 14) According to any one of the appendices 1 to 12, the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to notify another device to perform subsequent sensing in each of the aforementioned sensing operations.

[0291] (Postscript 15) According to any one of the appendices 1 to 12, the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to notify another device that the aforementioned multiple sensing has ended.

[0292] (Postscript 16) According to any one of the appendices 1 to 15, the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters corresponding to the aforementioned multiple sensing.

[0293] (Postscript 17) According to any one of the appendices 1 to 15, the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the sensing parameters in each of the aforementioned sensing.

[0294] (Postscript 18) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 16 or 17, the aforementioned sensing parameters include any of the following: The time domain interval for transmitting the aforementioned sensing signals in relation to the sensing resources allocated to the aforementioned sensing signals; The time domain of the aforementioned allocated sensing resources includes the interval for transmitting the aforementioned sensing signals and the interval for receiving the aforementioned sensing signals. The frequency at which it is applied in each of the aforementioned sensing processes; and The signal sequence number applied in each of the aforementioned sensing processes.

[0295] (Postscript 19) According to any one of the appendices 1 to 18, the terminal device allocates sensing resources for the aforementioned sensing signals in any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain.

[0296] (Postscript 20) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 19, the aforementioned sensing resources are separated from the communication resources used for communication in any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain.

[0297] (Postscript 21) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 20, the ratio of resources allocated between the aforementioned sensing resources and the aforementioned communication resources varies according to predetermined conditions.

[0298] (Postscript 22) According to any one of Appendices 19 to 21, the aforementioned sensing resources are allocated in the time domain to a range for transmitting the aforementioned sensing signals and a range for receiving the aforementioned sensing signals.

[0299] (Postscript 23) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 22, the aforementioned sensing resources are allocated in the time domain to a plurality of intervals for transmitting the aforementioned sensing signals and a plurality of intervals for receiving the aforementioned sensing signals.

[0300] (Postscript 24) According to the terminal device described in Appendix 22 or 23, when the aforementioned sensing signal is transmitted in the DFTS-OFDM transmission mode, the interval used to transmit the aforementioned sensing signal corresponds to the sampling length.

[0301] (Postscript 25) According to any one of Appendices 22 to 24, the interval for transmitting the aforementioned sensing signal and the interval for receiving the aforementioned sensing signal correspond to the FFT size.

[0302] (Postscript 26) A base station device (20) includes a control unit (210) and a communication unit (220). The aforementioned control unit and the aforementioned communication unit are configured to perform the aforementioned sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals using any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in multiple sensing operations.

[0303] (Postscript 27) A method, performed by a terminal device (10), includes: The aforementioned sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

[0304] (Postscript 28) A method, performed by a base station device (20), includes: The aforementioned sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

[0305] (Postscript 29) A program, when executed, causes the processor (101) in the terminal device (10) to perform: The aforementioned sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

[0306] (Postscript 30) A program, when executed, causes the processor (201) in the base station device (20) to perform: The aforementioned sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

[0307] (Postscript 31) A computer-readable non-transitory physical recording medium stores a program that, when executed, causes the processor (101) in the terminal device (10) to perform the following: The aforementioned sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

[0308] (Postscript 32) A computer-readable non-transitory physical recording medium storing a program, When the aforementioned program is executed, the processor (201) in the base station device (20) executes: When the aforementioned program is executed, the processor (101) in the terminal device (10) executes: The aforementioned sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

[0309] Furthermore, the disclosures in the aforementioned prior art documents and references are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A terminal device (10), the terminal device comprising a control unit (110) and a communication unit (120), The control unit and the communication unit are configured to perform the sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals using any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in multiple sensing operations.

2. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply the same frequency and different beams in the multiple sensing operations.

3. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the multiple sensing corresponds to n sensing times, and the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a different beam for every m sensing times, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n > m.

4. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the multiple sensing operations.

5. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply different frequencies and different beams in the multiple sensing operations.

6. The terminal device according to claim 5, wherein the multiple sensing corresponds to n sensing times, and the terminal device is further configured such that for every m sensing times, a different beam is applied, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n > m.

7. The terminal device according to claim 5, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to alternately apply a first frequency to a m-th frequency in m sensings corresponding to n sensings, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n > m.

8. The terminal device according to claim 5, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply the same signal sequence in the multiple sensing operations.

9. The terminal device according to claim 5, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the multiple sensing operations.

10. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to perform the sensing by exchanging sensing signals using sensing resources allocated in each of the multiple sensing operations. Each of the allocated sensing resources is assigned an identifier.

11. The terminal device according to claim 10, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify the assigned identifier to another device in each of the sensing.

12. The terminal device according to claim 10, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the assigned identifier corresponding to the multiple sensing.

13. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the number of sensing corresponding to the multiple sensing.

14. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device to perform a subsequent sensing in each of the sensing.

15. The terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device that the multiple sensing has ended.

16. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters corresponding to the multiple sensing.

17. The terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters in each of the sensing.

18. The terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the sensing parameters include any one of the following: The time domain interval for transmitting the sensing signal of the sensing resources allocated to the sensing signal; The time domain of the allocated sensing resources includes the interval for transmitting the sensing signal and the interval for receiving the sensing signal. The frequency at which it is applied in each of the sensing processes; as well as The signal sequence number applied in each of the sensing processes.

19. A method performed by a terminal device (10), the method comprising: The sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

20. A program, when executed, causes a processor (101) in a terminal device (10) to perform: The sensing is performed multiple times by exchanging the sensing signals using any of the following: different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences.

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