Cultivation device and cultivation method for new corn variety breeding

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation device and a cultivation method for new corn variety breeding, and relates to the technical field of corn variety breeding, the cultivation device comprises a supporting platform, a plurality of cultivation bins are arranged on the supporting platform in an array mode; the cultivation bin is connected to the supporting platform in a sliding mode through a driving mechanism, and an HEPA filter screen is connected to the cultivation bin in a penetrating mode; observation windows are arranged on the two sides of the cultivation bin, and a plurality of observation mechanisms are arranged on the supporting platform; a butt joint mechanism is arranged at the front end of the cultivation bin; bordering mechanisms are arranged at the bottoms of the front and rear ends of the cultivation bin; opening and closing mechanisms are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the cultivation bin; an environment simulation mechanism is arranged in the cultivation bin; the cultivation bin is in through connection with a stress applying window; according to the invention, multi-environment simulation, multi-stress application, automatic observation and unit recombination are integrated, so that the breeding efficiency is greatly improved; simulation of cultivation soil-climate conditions in different regions is realized, various biological and abiotic stresses can be accurately combined, and the breeding process of new corn varieties is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of maize breeding technology, and more specifically, to a cultivation device and cultivation method for breeding new maize varieties. Background Technology

[0002] As a major food crop in my country, the breeding of new maize varieties is crucial for ensuring food security. Traditional maize breeding mainly relies on field trials, which has the following limitations: First, it is limited by season and region, and can only be evaluated for 1-2 growth cycles per year; second, environmental conditions are uncontrollable, and inter-year climate differences lead to poor repeatability of experimental results; third, the interaction of multiple environmental stresses (such as the simultaneous occurrence of drought and disease) is difficult to isolate and study; finally, biological stresses (diseases, pests) are easy to spread, making it difficult to accurately control the intensity and timing of stress.

[0003] In existing technologies, plant growth chambers or artificial climate chambers can control environmental conditions to a certain extent, but they still have significant shortcomings: 1. They cannot simulate real cultivated soil environments, especially the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of cultivated soils in different regions; 2. They are usually designed as fixed units, making it difficult to achieve dynamic combinations between different treatment units; 3. It is difficult to achieve precise control and isolation of biotic and abiotic stresses in the same system; 4. The system has poor scalability and flexibility, and cannot adapt to complex multi-factor experimental designs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultivation device that can simulate soil-climate conditions in different regions and accurately combine various biotic and abiotic stresses to accelerate the breeding process of new maize varieties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation device and method for breeding new maize varieties, thereby improving the aforementioned problems. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: This application provides a cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties, comprising: The support platform has multiple sets of cultivation chambers arranged in an array. Each set of cultivation chambers is used to support the cultivated soil of different regions. Each set of cultivation chambers consists of multiple cultivation chambers. The cultivation chamber is slidably connected to the support platform via a drive mechanism, and a HEPA filter is connected through the cultivation chamber. The cultivation bins are equipped with observation windows on both sides, and multiple observation mechanisms are installed on the support platform. These mechanisms are used to observe the growth of corn inside the cultivation bins through the observation windows. The front end of the cultivation bin is equipped with a docking mechanism, which is used to seal and connect with the rear end of the adjacent cultivation bin. The bottom of the front and rear ends of the cultivation bins are equipped with a jointing mechanism, which is used to connect the cultivated soil after two adjacent cultivation bins are connected. The cultivation chamber is equipped with opening and closing mechanisms at both the front and rear ends, which are used to open or close the front or rear end of the cultivation chamber. The cultivation chamber is equipped with an environmental simulation mechanism, which is used to simulate the temperature, light cycle and rainfall of the area where the cultivated soil is obtained. The cultivation bins are connected by stress application windows. When the stress application windows are opened, they are used to inoculate diseases, introduce pests, and sow weeds into the cultivation bins. The central control platform is located on the support platform and is connected to the observation unit, docking unit, contact unit, opening and closing unit, and environmental simulation unit.

[0006] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes: Two slide rails are fixedly connected to a support platform, and two bases are slidably connected to the two slide rails. The cultivation bin is connected to the base. Two lead screws are connected to the support platform via bearing seats. The bottom of the base is connected to a drive nut. The drive nuts of the two bases are staggered. The lead screws are threadedly connected to the drive nuts. Two first servo motors are connected to the support platform, and the first servo motors are connected to the lead screw drive.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the cultivation chamber is provided with a liquid storage chamber, and the top of the liquid storage chamber is provided with multiple drainage holes. The drainage holes are provided with filter screens, and the liquid storage chamber is connected to a drainage pipe with a valve connected to the drainage pipe. The liquid storage chamber is used to collect water that has soaked the cultivated soil in the cultivation chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the observation facility includes: The suspended conveyor belt is erected on a support platform, and a load-bearing seat is connected to the transmission on the suspended conveyor belt; A rotary table is connected to the bottom of the support base. An electric displacement table is connected to the rotary table, which is used for lateral and longitudinal adjustment. An electric telescopic pole is connected to an electric displacement platform via a transmission mechanism, and a camera is connected to the end of the electric telescopic pole.

[0009] Preferably, the docking mechanism includes: The annular frame has a first annular groove at the front end of the cultivation bin and a second annular groove at the rear end. The annular frame passes through the first annular groove. Multiple first annular sealing plates are connected to the outer wall of the annular frame, and multiple second annular sealing plates are connected to the inner wall of the annular frame. Multiple first push plates are provided on the outer wall of the annular frame, and the first push plates pass through the first annular groove. Multiple first electric cylinders are connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber. The first electric cylinder is connected to the first push plate for transmission. When the first electric cylinder extends, the front end of the annular frame passes through the second annular groove of the adjacent cultivation chamber. When the first electric cylinder retracts, the annular frame returns to its original position and enters the first annular groove.

[0010] Preferably, the bordering institution includes: The bottom of the cultivation chamber is provided with a baffle and a limiting groove on each side. A limiting plate is provided in the limiting groove. The baffle is slidably connected between the limiting groove and the limiting plate. The bottom of the cultivation chamber is provided with an inlet and outlet. The baffle is fitted with the inlet and outlet with a gap. A second push plate is provided on both sides of the baffle. The second push plate passes through the cultivation chamber. A folding dust cover is connected between the baffle and the limiting groove. Two second electric cylinders are connected to the outer wall of the cultivation bin, and the second electric cylinders are connected to the second push plate via a transmission. The drive shaft is rotatably connected to the baffle. Multiple soil-removing plates are provided on the drive shaft. A gear is provided at the end of the drive shaft. The gear is located in a limiting groove. A rack is provided in the limiting groove. The gear meshes with the rack.

[0011] Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism includes: The winding drum is fitted with a clearance fit at the top of the cultivation chamber. The top of the cultivation chamber is connected to a winding shaft, which is located inside the winding drum. The winding shaft is driven by a second servo motor, and the winding drum has a strip-shaped opening. The heat insulation film is connected to a winding shaft at one end and a counterweight strip at the other end. Multiple steel ropes are connected to the heat insulation film, with one end of each rope connected to the winding shaft and the other end connected to the counterweight strip. Cards are connected to both sides inside the cultivation chamber, with each card corresponding to a slot. The counterweight strip is slidably connected to the card. Two flexible seals are provided, each with a slot. The two flexible seals are connected to both sides of the thermal insulation film. The two ends of the flexible seals are connected to the counterweight strip and the winding shaft, respectively. The slots and the card are connected with a gap fit.

[0012] Preferably, the environmental simulation mechanism includes: Full-spectrum LED lights are connected to the top of the cultivation chamber and are connected to the central control platform. The temperature control system includes a temperature controller, a temperature sensor, a power driver, and multiple cooling elements. The cooling elements are connected throughout the cultivation chamber. The cooling elements are connected to the output of the power driver. The input of the power driver is connected to the temperature controller. The temperature controller is connected to the central control platform. The temperature sensor is located inside the cultivation chamber and is connected to the temperature controller. The spray system is connected inside the cultivation chamber and is connected to the central control platform.

[0013] Preferably, the spray assembly includes: The water tank is set on the support platform. A water quality detection sensor is connected inside the water tank. The water tank is used to hold water after the pH and EC values ​​have been adjusted. The water quality detection sensor is connected to the central control platform. The sprinkler pipe is connected throughout the cultivation bin, and multiple sprinkler heads are connected to the sprinkler pipe. A metering pump is connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber. The output end of the metering pump is connected to the spray pipe, and the input end of the metering pump is connected to the input pipe, which is connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber. The soil sensor is installed inside the cultivation chamber and is connected to the central control platform. A spring tube is connected at one end to a water tank and at the other end to an input pipe. A limit rod is mounted on a support platform, and the spring tube passes through the limit rod.

[0014] This application also provides a cultivation method using the aforementioned cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties, comprising the following steps: Cultivated soils from different regions were collected and packaged in layers of 5 cm to 10 cm. The collected cultivated soil from different regions was layered and sequentially filled into each group of cultivation chambers. After the seeds of the new corn variety were sown in each cultivation chamber, the opening and closing mechanisms at both ends of the cultivation chamber were closed. The temperature, photoperiod and rainfall of the region were simulated by the environmental simulation mechanism. During the jointing stage of maize, disease inoculation, pest introduction, and weed sowing were carried out in multiple cultivation bins through stress application windows, resulting in multiple diseased cultivation bins, multiple pest-infested cultivation bins, and multiple weed-infested cultivation bins, while retaining multiple healthy cultivation bins. During the tasseling stage of corn, the disease cultivation bins, insect cultivation bins, and weed cultivation bins are moved by the drive mechanism, and then connected in space by the docking mechanism and the opening and closing mechanism. They are also connected to the cultivated soil by the contacting mechanism to obtain multiple biological stress cultivation bins. By regulating the temperature in multiple healthy cultivation chambers using an environmental simulation mechanism, multiple high-temperature cultivation chambers and multiple low-temperature cultivation chambers were obtained. By regulating the irrigation amount using an environmental simulation mechanism, drought-high temperature cultivation chambers, drought-biological stress cultivation chambers, drought-disease cultivation chambers, drought-insect pest cultivation chambers, drought-weed cultivation chambers, and drought-healthy cultivation chambers were obtained. The observation agency conducts regular inspections and observes the growth of corn in each cultivation bin through the observation window. It obtains information on the growth status of new corn varieties under different soil conditions, single stress conditions, and multiple compound stress conditions. The growth status information is saved to the central control platform to provide accurate phenotypic data support for multi-environment adaptability breeding. After the corn in each cultivation bin is harvested, the cultivated soil is recycled and treated, and the cultivation bins are cleaned, disinfected, and repositioned to complete the cultivation process.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention significantly improves breeding efficiency by integrating multi-environment simulation, multiple stress application, automated observation, and unit recombination. The cultivation bins can be moved and combined as needed, efficiently simulating complex single and combined stress environments in nature, thus more closely reflecting actual production challenges. It employs undisturbed stratified soil and precise environmental simulation, achieving physical soil contact, making experimental results more predictive. It supports large-scale, multi-treatment parallel cultivation trials, enabling rapid screening of new maize varieties with excellent resistance to specific or combined stresses. It simulates soil-climate conditions in different regions and can accurately combine multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, accelerating the breeding process of new maize varieties.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing embodiments of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cultivation bin structure in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism structure of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the observation mechanism structure in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the camera connection in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ring frame structure of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bordering mechanism structure in this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle connection in this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the thermal insulation film in this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the spray assembly structure of this application; The diagram shows: Support platform 1, HEPA filter 11, observation window 12, stress application window 13, filter 14, drain pipe 15, valve 16, cultivation bin 2, observation mechanism 3, suspended conveyor belt 31, support base 32, rotary table 33, electric displacement table 34, electric telescopic rod 35, camera 36, ​​drive mechanism 4, slide rail 41, base 42, lead screw 43, first servo motor 44, docking mechanism 5, annular frame 51, first annular groove 52, second annular groove 53, first push plate 5. 4. First electric cylinder 55, contacting mechanism 6, baffle 61, limiting groove 62, limiting plate 63, second push plate 64, folding dust cover 65, second electric cylinder 66, drive shaft 67, soil-removing plate 68, gear 69, rack 610, opening and closing mechanism 7, winding drum 71, second servo motor 72, heat insulation film 73, counterweight bar 74, steel rope 75, card 76, flexible seal 77, temperature control system 8, spray assembly 9, water tank 91, metering pump 92, spring tube 93, limiting rod 94. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] Example 1:

[0022] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties, including: The support platform 1 has multiple sets of cultivation chambers 2 arranged in an array. Each set of cultivation chambers 2 is used to carry cultivated soil from different regions. Each set of cultivation chambers 2 consists of multiple cultivation chambers 2. The cultivation chamber 2 is slidably connected to the support platform 1 via the drive mechanism 4, and a HEPA filter 11 is connected through the cultivation chamber 2. The cultivation chamber 2 is provided with observation windows 12 on both sides, and multiple observation mechanisms 3 are provided on the support platform 1. The observation mechanisms 3 are used to observe the growth of corn inside the cultivation chamber 2 through the observation windows 12. The front end of the cultivation chamber 2 is provided with a docking mechanism 5, which is used to seal and connect with the rear end of the adjacent cultivation chamber 2. The bottom of the front and rear ends of the cultivation bin 2 are respectively provided with a contacting mechanism 6. The contacting mechanism 6 is used to connect the cultivated soil after two adjacent cultivation bins 2 are connected. The cultivation chamber 2 is also equipped with an opening and closing mechanism 7 at both the front and rear ends. The opening and closing mechanism 7 is used to open or close the front or rear end of the cultivation chamber 2. The cultivation chamber 2 is equipped with an environmental simulation mechanism, which is used to simulate the temperature, light cycle and rainfall of the area where the cultivated soil is obtained. The cultivation bin 2 is connected to a stress application window 13. When the stress application window 13 is opened, it is used to inoculate diseases, introduce pests and sow weeds into the cultivation bin 2. The central control platform is located on the support platform 1 and is connected to the observation unit 3, docking unit 5, contact unit 6, opening and closing unit 7, and environmental simulation unit.

[0023] Understandably, when breeding new maize varieties, the central control platform uses the drive mechanism 4 to adjust multiple cultivation chambers 2 to an interleaved state on the support platform 1, and opens the opening and closing mechanism 7. Collected topsoil from different regions is then layered and sequentially filled into each group of cultivation chambers 2. Under the constraint of the adjoining mechanism 6, leakage of topsoil from the cultivation chambers 2 is prevented. Topsoil is collected in layers of 5-10 cm to maintain its original state. After sowing the seeds of the new maize variety in each cultivation chamber 2, the opening and closing mechanisms 7 at both ends of the cultivation chamber 2 are closed. An environmental simulation mechanism simulates the temperature, light cycle, and rainfall of the region where the topsoil was obtained, allowing the sown maize seeds to grow in simulated environments in topsoil from different regions and the corresponding topsoil acquisition areas. The HEPA filter 11 provides ventilation and prevents external diseases and / or insects from entering the cultivation chamber 2, while also preventing diseases and / or insects from entering the external space. When the plants reach the jointing stage, disease inoculation, pest introduction and weed sowing are carried out in multiple cultivation bins 2 by opening the stress application window 13, resulting in multiple diseased cultivation bins, multiple pest-infested cultivation bins and multiple weed cultivation bins, while retaining multiple healthy cultivation bins that have not been subjected to stress. When the plants reach the tasseling stage, the disease cultivation chamber, pest cultivation chamber, and weed cultivation chamber move via the drive mechanism 4. The disease cultivation chamber and / or pest cultivation chamber and / or weed cultivation chamber are aligned end to end. The docking mechanism 5 connects two adjacent cultivation chambers 2 end to end. After the opening and closing mechanism 7 at the docking point is opened, the spaces of multiple cultivation chambers 2 are connected. The soil is then connected via the adhering mechanism 6, resulting in multiple biological stress cultivation chambers. Multiple disease cultivation chambers, multiple pest cultivation chambers, and multiple weed cultivation chambers are retained to maintain a single biological stress. The biological stress cultivation chambers include disease-pest biological stress cultivation chambers, disease-weed biological stress cultivation chambers, pest-weed biological stress cultivation chambers, and disease-pest-weed biological stress cultivation chambers, realizing different multiple biological stresses and simulating multiple multiple biological stresses under natural conditions.

[0024] Furthermore, by regulating the temperature in multiple healthy cultivation chambers through an environmental simulation mechanism, multiple high-temperature cultivation chambers and multiple low-temperature cultivation chambers were obtained. By regulating the irrigation amount through an environmental simulation mechanism, drought-high temperature cultivation chambers, drought-biological stress cultivation chambers, drought-disease cultivation chambers, drought-insect pest cultivation chambers, drought-weed cultivation chambers, and drought-healthy cultivation chambers were obtained, simulating various biotic and abiotic stresses under natural conditions. During the corn growth process, the observation unit 3 conducts regular inspections and observes the corn growth in each cultivation bin 2 through the observation window 12. This allows for the acquisition of growth status information for the new corn variety under different soil conditions, single stress environments, and multiple compound stress environments. The growth status information is saved to the central control platform, providing precise phenotypic data support for multi-environment adaptability breeding. After the corn in each cultivation bin 2 is harvested, the new corn variety is comprehensively evaluated based on the characteristics and growth status information of the harvested fruit. After the corn is harvested, the soil is recycled and treated. Subsequently, the cultivation bin 2 is cleaned and disinfected, and then the cultivation bin 2 is reset, completing the breeding and cultivation of the new corn variety.

[0025] This technical solution significantly improves breeding efficiency by integrating multi-environment simulation, multiple stress application, automated observation, and unit recombination. The cultivation bin 2 can be moved and combined as needed, efficiently simulating complex single and cross-stress environments in nature, and is closer to actual production challenges. It adopts undisturbed stratified soil and precise environmental simulation, and achieves physical soil contact, making the experimental results more predictive. It supports large-scale, multi-treatment parallel cultivation trials, and can quickly screen out new maize varieties with excellent resistance to specific or compound stresses. It realizes the simulation of soil-climate conditions in different regions and can accurately combine multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, accelerating the breeding process of new maize varieties.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the drive mechanism 4 includes: Two slide rails 41 are fixedly connected to the support platform 1, and two bases 42 are slidably connected to the two slide rails 41. The cultivation bin 2 is connected to the bases 42. Two lead screws 43 are connected to the support platform 1 through bearing seats. The bottom end of the base 42 is connected to a drive nut. The drive nuts of the two bases 42 are staggered. The lead screws 43 are threadedly connected to the drive nuts. Two first servo motors 44 are connected to the support platform 1, and the first servo motors 44 are connected to the lead screw 43 for transmission.

[0027] Understandably, when adjusting the position of the cultivation chamber 2, the central control platform controls the first servo motor 44 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise a set number of times. Through the threaded connection between the lead screw 43 and the drive nut, the base 42 slides along the two slide rails 41 to the designated position, thereby adjusting the position of the cultivation chamber 2. By sliding the two bases 42 on the two slide rails 41, and with each base 42 being driven independently by the lead screw 43 and the first servo motor 44, the cultivation chambers 2 arranged on both sides can be docked after being adjusted in an alternating manner. This increases the number of adjacent cultivation chambers 2 from two to four, allowing the cultivation chamber 2 to dock with more adjacent cultivation chambers 2, meeting the combined requirements of multiple compound stresses, expanding the docking methods of the cultivation chambers 2, and reducing space occupation.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the cultivation chamber 2 is provided with a liquid storage chamber, and the top of the liquid storage chamber is provided with multiple drainage holes. A filter screen 14 is provided in the drainage holes. The liquid storage chamber is connected to a drainage pipe 15, and a valve 16 is connected to the drainage pipe 15. The liquid storage chamber is used to collect water that has soaked the cultivated soil in the cultivation chamber 2.

[0029] Understandably, when the environmental simulation agency simulates rainfall, the sprayed water soaks the cultivated soil and enters the storage chamber through the drain hole for collection. The filter 14 prevents the cultivated soil from entering the storage chamber, thus simulating the process of excessive water seeping into the deep cultivated soil or flowing into rivers after natural rainfall, preventing excessive water accumulation in the cultivated soil. Collecting the water that has soaked the cultivated soil through the storage chamber can prevent disease leakage and pollution in the cultivation chamber 2. When there is too much water in the storage chamber, valve 16 is opened and the water is injected into the collection container through the drain pipe 15 for collection and treatment. When simulating drought in the cultivation chamber 2, valve 16 is opened and water is injected into the storage chamber through the drain pipe 15. After the water in the storage chamber evaporates, it enters the cultivated soil through the drain hole, thus simulating the replenishment of surface water by underground water reserves under drought conditions.

[0030] like Figures 4-5 As shown, observation unit 3 includes: The suspended conveyor belt 31 is mounted on the support platform 1, and the load-bearing seat 32 is connected to the suspended conveyor belt 31 for transmission. A rotary table 33 is connected below the support base 32. An electric displacement table 34 is connected to the rotary table 33. The electric displacement table 34 is used for lateral and longitudinal adjustment. An electric telescopic rod 35 is connected to an electric displacement stage 34 via a transmission mechanism, and a camera 36 is connected to the end of the electric telescopic rod 35.

[0031] Understandably, when observing the growth of corn in cultivation bin 2, the suspended conveyor belt 31 moves the rotary table 33, the electric displacement table 34, the electric telescopic rod 35, and the camera 36 to correspond with the observation window 12. The rotary table 33 then rotates the electric displacement table 34, the electric telescopic rod 35, and the camera 36, ​​adjusting the lens of the camera 36 to face the observation window 12. Subsequently, the electric displacement table 34 moves the electric telescopic rod 35 and the camera 36 to adjust their longitudinal and / or lateral displacement, adjusting the distance and / or position between the lens of the camera 36 and the observation window 12, so that the camera 36 can pass through the observation window. Once a clear image of the corn plant in cultivation chamber 2 is acquired, the electric telescopic rod 35 drives the camera 36 to move along the observation window 12 from top to bottom or from bottom to top to acquire image information of multiple parts of the corn plant in cultivation chamber 2. The image information is uploaded to the central control platform for storage and analysis. Then, the suspended conveyor belt 31 starts again, and the camera 36 moves to correspond to the observation window 12 of another cultivation chamber 2. The rotary table 33, electric displacement table 34, and electric telescopic rod 35 are adjusted accordingly. This process is repeated until the corn image information in multiple cultivation chambers 2 is acquired. At the next detection time point, the suspended conveyor belt 31 starts again.

[0032] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the docking mechanism 5 includes: The annular frame 51 has a first annular groove 52 at the front end of the cultivation chamber 2 and a second annular groove 53 at the rear end. The annular frame 51 passes through the first annular groove 52. Multiple first annular sealing plates are connected to the outer wall of the annular frame 51, and multiple second annular sealing plates are connected to the inner wall of the annular frame 51. Multiple first push plates 54 are provided on the outer wall of the annular frame 51, and the first push plates 54 are arranged through the first annular groove 52. Multiple first electric cylinders 55 are connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber 2. The first electric cylinders 55 are connected to the first push plate 54. When the first electric cylinders 55 extend, the front end of the annular frame 51 passes through the second annular groove 53 of the adjacent cultivation chamber 2. When the first electric cylinders 55 retract, the annular frame 51 returns to its original position and enters the first annular groove 52.

[0033] Understandably, after the disease cultivation bins and / or pest cultivation bins and / or weed cultivation bins are moved to their corresponding positions by the drive mechanism 4, the central control platform controls multiple first electric cylinders 55 on the corresponding cultivation bins 2 to extend synchronously. The multiple first electric cylinders 55 drive the front end of the annular frame 51 to pass into the second annular groove 53 of the adjacent cultivation bins 2. Through the cooperation of multiple first annular sealing plates and multiple second annular sealing plates, the gap between the annular frame 51 and the first annular groove 52 and the second annular groove 53 is sealed, achieving a sealed connection, reducing the influence of external temperature on the internal temperature of the cultivation bins 2, and preventing the leakage of diseases and pests from the cultivation bins 2. When the connection of multiple cultivation bins 2 is disassembled, the central control platform controls multiple first electric cylinders 55 on the corresponding cultivation bins 2 to retract synchronously, the annular frame 51 returns to the first annular groove 52, the connection between adjacent cultivation bins 2 is canceled, and the cultivation bins 2 are in a state that can be moved by the drive mechanism 4.

[0034] like Figures 7-8 As shown, the bordering institution 6 includes: The bottom of the cultivation chamber 2 is provided with a baffle 61 and a limiting groove 62 on both sides. A limiting plate 63 is provided in the limiting groove 62. The baffle 61 is slidably connected between the limiting groove 62 and the limiting plate 63. The bottom end of the cultivation chamber 2 is provided with an inlet and outlet. The baffle 61 is set in the inlet and outlet with clearance fit. A second push plate 64 is provided on both sides of the baffle 61. The second push plate 64 is set through the cultivation chamber 2. A folding dust cover 65 is connected between the baffle 61 and the limiting groove 62. Two second electric cylinders 66 are connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber 2, and the second electric cylinders 66 are connected to the second push plate 64 in a transmission connection. A drive shaft 67 is rotatably connected to a baffle 61. Multiple soil-removing plates 68 are provided on the drive shaft 67. A gear 69 is provided at the end of the drive shaft 67. The gear 69 is located in a limiting groove 62. A rack 610 is provided in the limiting groove 62. The gear 69 meshes with the rack 610.

[0035] Understandably, the corresponding cultivation bins 2 are connected via the docking mechanism 5. After the opening and closing mechanism 7 is opened, the central control platform controls the two corresponding second electric cylinders 66 to extend synchronously, so that the baffle 61 between the two adjacent cultivation bins 2 slides downward between the limiting plate 63 and the limiting groove 62. During the downward sliding process, through the meshing of the gear 69 and the rack 610, the gear 69 drives multiple soil-pulling plates 68 to rotate via the drive shaft 67. The soil-pulling plates 68 then push the cultivated soil from the individual cultivation bin 2 into the adjacent two cultivation bins 2. The soil is moved between the gaps, and some of the soil in the two adjacent cultivation chambers 2 is mixed and filled into the gaps to achieve the connection of the soil. This meets the needs of pest movement, soil spread of diseases, and root extension of weeds, and improves the simulation of pests, diseases and weeds. As the baffle 61 slides downward between the limiting plate 63 and the limiting groove 62, the folded dust cover 65 unfolds simultaneously to cover the gap between the limiting plate 63 and the limiting groove 62 and prevent the soil from entering the limiting groove 62.

[0036] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the opening and closing mechanism 7 includes: The take-up drum 71 is connected to the top of the cultivation chamber 2 with a clearance fit. The top of the cultivation chamber 2 is connected to a take-up shaft, which is located inside the take-up drum 71. The take-up shaft is driven by the second servo motor 72. The take-up drum 71 has a strip-shaped opening. A heat insulation film 73 is connected to a winding shaft at one end and a counterweight bar 74 at the other end. Multiple steel ropes 75 are connected to the heat insulation film 73. One end of each steel rope 75 is connected to the winding shaft and the other end is connected to the counterweight bar 74. Cards 76 are connected to both sides inside the cultivation bin 2. The cards 76 are set corresponding to the slots. The counterweight bar 74 is slidably connected to the cards 76. Two flexible seals 77 are provided with slots. The two flexible seals 77 are respectively connected to both sides of the heat insulation film 73. The two ends of the flexible seals 77 are respectively connected to the counterweight strip 74 and the winding shaft. The slots are connected to the card 76 with a clearance fit.

[0037] Understandably, after the corresponding cultivation bins 2 are connected via the docking mechanism 5, the central control platform controls the corresponding second servo motor 72 to rotate clockwise. The winding shaft drives the heat insulation film 73 to wind up via multiple steel ropes 75. After the heat insulation film 73 enters the winding drum 71 through the strip opening, it is wound onto the winding shaft. During the winding process, the counterweight 74 slides upward along the card 76 under the drive of the steel ropes 75. The steel ropes 75 prevent the heat insulation film 73 from tearing due to force. The flexible seal 77 slides upward out of the card 76 and enters the winding drum 71 through the strip opening to wind up, thereby connecting the spaces of the two adjacent cultivation bins 2. When the front or rear end of the cultivation chamber 2 is closed, the central control platform controls the corresponding second servo motor 72 to rotate counterclockwise, driving the winding shaft to unwind the heat insulation film 73. Under the weight of the counterweight 74, the counterweight 74 slides down along the card 76 and then drives the heat insulation film 73 to unfold through the steel rope 75. Guided by the corresponding slot of the card 76 and the counterweight 74, the slot of the flexible seal 77 is inserted into the card 76. The gap between the card 76 and the heat insulation film 73 is sealed by the flexible seal 77 until the counterweight 74 slides down to the bottom inside the cultivation chamber 2, thus completing the closure of the front or rear end of the cultivation chamber 2.

[0038] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the environmental simulation mechanism includes: A full-spectrum LED light is connected to the top of the cultivation bin 2 and is connected to the central control platform. The temperature control system 8 includes a temperature controller, a temperature sensor, a power driver, and multiple cooling chips. The cooling chips are connected in a continuous manner inside the cultivation chamber 2. The cooling chips are connected to the output end of the power driver. The input end of the power driver is connected to the temperature controller. The temperature controller is connected to the central control platform. The temperature sensor is located inside the cultivation chamber 2 and is connected to the temperature controller. The spray assembly 9 is connected inside the cultivation bin 2 and is connected to the central control platform.

[0039] Understandably, by regulating the full-spectrum LED lights through the central control platform, the light cycle of the cultivated soil acquisition area can be simulated; by using the temperature control system 8 based on the cooling chip, the temperature of the cultivated soil acquisition area can be simulated; and high temperature stress or low temperature stress can be flexibly applied; by using the spray assembly 9, rainfall in the cultivated soil acquisition area can be simulated; and drought stress can be flexibly applied; thus, the environmental simulation requirements for the cultivated soil acquisition area are met, and extreme environment simulations can be performed.

[0040] like Figure 10 As shown, the spray assembly 9 includes: Water tank 91 is installed on support platform 1. Water quality detection sensor is connected inside water tank 91. Water tank 91 is used to hold water after pH and EC values ​​have been adjusted. Water quality detection sensor is connected to central control platform. The spray pipe is connected to the cultivation bin 2, and multiple spray heads are connected to the spray pipe. Metering pump 92 is connected to the outer wall of cultivation chamber 2. The output end of metering pump 92 is connected to the spray pipe, and the input end of metering pump 92 is connected to the input pipe, which is connected to the outer wall of cultivation chamber 2. The soil sensor is located inside cultivation compartment 2 and is connected to the central control platform. A spring tube 93 is connected at one end to a water tank 91 and at the other end to an input pipe. A limit rod 94 is mounted on the support platform 1, and the spring tube 93 passes through the limit rod 94.

[0041] Understandably, water tank 91 contains spray water, and the pH and EC values ​​of the spray water are adjusted based on the rainfall data from the cultivated soil in the area. This simulates the rainfall data from the cultivated soil in the area. Furthermore, by adjusting the pH and EC values ​​of the spray water, acidic stress, alkaline stress, and / or salinity stress can be applied to the maize plants in cultivation compartment 2, meeting the simulation requirements of extreme rainfall environments. Soil sensors collect the humidity, pH, and EC values ​​of the cultivated soil in cultivation compartment 2 in real time. The data is then collected and stored by the central control platform to provide data support for subsequent evaluations. During the movement of the cultivation chamber 2 driven by the drive mechanism 4, the spring tube 93 adaptively retracts along the limiting rod 94. The limiting rod 94 restricts the movement of the spring tube 93, preventing it from obstructing the moving cultivation chamber 2 after displacement, and also preventing the spring tube 93 from getting tangled. When simulating rainfall in the cultivation chamber 2, the central control platform controls the metering pump 92 to start. The metering pump 92 draws water from the water tank 91 through the input pipe and the spring tube 93. The metering pump 92 pumps a fixed amount of water into the spray pipe, and then sprays it into the cultivation chamber 2 through multiple spray heads, thereby simulating rainfall.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] This embodiment provides a cultivation method using the cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties described in Embodiment 1 above, including the following steps: Topsoil samples were collected from different regions and packaged in 5 cm layers. The collected cultivated soil from different regions was filled into each group of cultivation chambers 2 in layers. After the seeds of the new corn variety were sown in each cultivation chamber 2, the opening and closing mechanisms 7 at both ends of the cultivation chamber 2 were closed. The temperature, light cycle and rainfall of the region were simulated by the environmental simulation mechanism. During the jointing stage of maize, disease inoculation, pest introduction and weed sowing were carried out in multiple cultivation bins 2 through stress application window 13, resulting in multiple diseased cultivation bins, multiple pest-infested cultivation bins and multiple weed cultivation bins, while retaining multiple healthy cultivation bins. During the tasseling stage of corn, the disease cultivation bins, insect cultivation bins, and weed cultivation bins are moved by the drive mechanism 4, and then spatially connected by the docking mechanism 5 and the opening and closing mechanism 7. They are also connected to the cultivated soil by the contacting mechanism 6 to obtain multiple biological stress cultivation bins. By regulating the temperature in multiple healthy cultivation chambers using an environmental simulation mechanism, multiple high-temperature cultivation chambers and multiple low-temperature cultivation chambers were obtained. By regulating the irrigation amount using an environmental simulation mechanism, drought-high temperature cultivation chambers, drought-biological stress cultivation chambers, drought-disease cultivation chambers, drought-insect pest cultivation chambers, drought-weed cultivation chambers, and drought-healthy cultivation chambers were obtained. The observation unit 3 conducts regular inspections and observes the growth of corn in each cultivation bin 2 through the observation window 12. It obtains information on the growth status of new corn varieties under different soil conditions, single stress conditions, and multiple compound stress conditions. The growth status information is saved to the central control platform to provide accurate phenotypic data support for multi-environment adaptability breeding. After the corn in each cultivation bin 2 is harvested, the cultivated soil is recycled and treated, and the cultivation bin 2 is cleaned, disinfected, and repositioned to complete the cultivation.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties, characterized in that, include: The support platform has multiple sets of cultivation chambers arranged in an array. Each set of cultivation chambers is used to support the cultivated soil of different regions. Each set of cultivation chambers consists of multiple cultivation chambers. The cultivation chamber is slidably connected to the support platform via a drive mechanism, and a HEPA filter is connected through the cultivation chamber. The cultivation bins are equipped with observation windows on both sides, and multiple observation mechanisms are installed on the support platform. These mechanisms are used to observe the growth of corn inside the cultivation bins through the observation windows. The front end of the cultivation bin is equipped with a docking mechanism, which is used to seal and connect with the rear end of the adjacent cultivation bin. The bottom of the front and rear ends of the cultivation bins are equipped with a jointing mechanism, which is used to connect the cultivated soil after two adjacent cultivation bins are connected. The cultivation chamber is equipped with opening and closing mechanisms at both the front and rear ends, which are used to open or close the front or rear end of the cultivation chamber. The cultivation chamber is equipped with an environmental simulation mechanism, which is used to simulate the temperature, light cycle and rainfall of the area where the cultivated soil is obtained. The cultivation bins are connected by stress application windows. When the stress application windows are opened, they are used to inoculate diseases, introduce pests, and sow weeds into the cultivation bins. The central control platform is located on the support platform and is connected to the observation unit, docking unit, contact unit, opening and closing unit, and environmental simulation unit.

2. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes: Two slide rails are fixedly connected to the support platform, and two bases are slidably connected to the two slide rails. The cultivation bin is connected to the base. Two lead screws are connected to the support platform via bearing seats. The bottom of the base is connected to a drive nut. The drive nuts of the two bases are staggered. The lead screws are threadedly connected to the drive nuts. Two first servo motors are connected to the support platform, and the first servo motors are connected to the lead screw drive.

3. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the cultivation chamber is equipped with a liquid storage chamber, and the top of the liquid storage chamber has multiple drainage holes. The drainage holes are equipped with filter screens. The liquid storage chamber is connected to a drainage pipe, and a valve is connected to the drainage pipe. The liquid storage chamber is used to collect water that has soaked the cultivated soil in the cultivation chamber.

4. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation facilities include: The suspended conveyor belt is erected on a support platform, and a load-bearing seat is connected to the transmission on the suspended conveyor belt; A rotary table is connected to the bottom of the support base. An electric displacement table is connected to the rotary table, which is used for lateral and longitudinal adjustment. An electric telescopic pole is connected to an electric displacement platform via a transmission mechanism, and a camera is connected to the end of the electric telescopic pole.

5. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partner organizations include: The annular frame has a first annular groove at the front end of the cultivation bin and a second annular groove at the rear end. The annular frame passes through the first annular groove. Multiple first annular sealing plates are connected to the outer wall of the annular frame, and multiple second annular sealing plates are connected to the inner wall of the annular frame. Multiple first push plates are provided on the outer wall of the annular frame, and the first push plates pass through the first annular groove. Multiple first electric cylinders are connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber. The first electric cylinder is connected to the first push plate for transmission. When the first electric cylinder extends, the front end of the annular frame passes through the second annular groove of the adjacent cultivation chamber. When the first electric cylinder retracts, the annular frame returns to its original position and enters the first annular groove.

6. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bordering institutions include: The bottom of the cultivation chamber is provided with a baffle and a limiting groove on each side. A limiting plate is provided in the limiting groove. The baffle is slidably connected between the limiting groove and the limiting plate. The bottom of the cultivation chamber is provided with an inlet and outlet. The baffle is fitted with the inlet and outlet with a gap. A second push plate is provided on both sides of the baffle. The second push plate passes through the cultivation chamber. A folding dust cover is connected between the baffle and the limiting groove. Two second electric cylinders are connected to the outer wall of the cultivation bin, and the second electric cylinders are connected to the second push plate via a transmission. The drive shaft is rotatably connected to the baffle. Multiple soil-removing plates are provided on the drive shaft. A gear is provided at the end of the drive shaft. The gear is located in a limiting groove. A rack is provided in the limiting groove. The gear meshes with the rack.

7. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening and closing mechanisms include: The winding drum is fitted with a clearance fit at the top of the cultivation chamber. The top of the cultivation chamber is connected to a winding shaft, which is located inside the winding drum. The winding shaft is driven by a second servo motor, and the winding drum has a strip-shaped opening. The heat insulation film is connected to a winding shaft at one end and a counterweight strip at the other end. Multiple steel ropes are connected to the heat insulation film, with one end of each rope connected to the winding shaft and the other end connected to the counterweight strip. Cards are connected to both sides inside the cultivation chamber, with each card corresponding to a slot. The counterweight strip is slidably connected to the card. Two flexible seals are provided, each with a slot. The two flexible seals are connected to both sides of the thermal insulation film. The two ends of the flexible seals are connected to the counterweight strip and the winding shaft, respectively. The slots and the card are connected with a gap fit.

8. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, Environmental simulation institutions include: Full-spectrum LED lights are connected to the top of the cultivation chamber and are connected to the central control platform. The temperature control system includes a temperature controller, a temperature sensor, a power driver, and multiple cooling elements. The cooling elements are connected throughout the cultivation chamber. The cooling elements are connected to the output of the power driver. The input of the power driver is connected to the temperature controller. The temperature controller is connected to the central control platform. The temperature sensor is located inside the cultivation chamber and is connected to the temperature controller. The spray system is connected inside the cultivation chamber and is connected to the central control platform.

9. The cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties according to claim 8, characterized in that, The spray system includes: The water tank is set on the support platform. A water quality detection sensor is connected inside the water tank. The water tank is used to hold water after the pH and EC values ​​have been adjusted. The water quality detection sensor is connected to the central control platform. The sprinkler pipe is connected throughout the cultivation bin, and multiple sprinkler heads are connected to the sprinkler pipe. A metering pump is connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber. The output end of the metering pump is connected to the spray pipe, and the input end of the metering pump is connected to the input pipe, which is connected to the outer wall of the cultivation chamber. The soil sensor is installed inside the cultivation chamber and is connected to the central control platform. A spring tube is connected at one end to a water tank and at the other end to an input pipe. A limit rod is mounted on a support platform, and the spring tube passes through the limit rod.

10. A cultivation method using the cultivation device for breeding new maize varieties as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Cultivated soils from different regions were collected and packaged in layers of 5cm-10cm. The collected cultivated soil from different regions was layered and sequentially filled into each group of cultivation chambers. After the seeds of the new corn variety were sown in each cultivation chamber, the opening and closing mechanisms at both ends of the cultivation chamber were closed. The temperature, photoperiod and rainfall of the region were simulated by the environmental simulation mechanism. During the jointing stage of maize, disease inoculation, pest introduction, and weed sowing were carried out in multiple cultivation bins through stress application windows, resulting in multiple diseased cultivation bins, multiple pest-infested cultivation bins, and multiple weed-infested cultivation bins, while retaining multiple healthy cultivation bins. During the tasseling stage of corn, the disease cultivation bins, insect cultivation bins, and weed cultivation bins are moved by the drive mechanism, and then connected in space by the docking mechanism and the opening and closing mechanism. They are also connected to the cultivated soil by the contacting mechanism to obtain multiple biological stress cultivation bins. By regulating the temperature in multiple healthy cultivation chambers using an environmental simulation mechanism, multiple high-temperature cultivation chambers and multiple low-temperature cultivation chambers were obtained. By regulating the irrigation amount using an environmental simulation mechanism, drought-high temperature cultivation chambers, drought-biological stress cultivation chambers, drought-disease cultivation chambers, drought-insect pest cultivation chambers, drought-weed cultivation chambers, and drought-healthy cultivation chambers were obtained. The observation agency conducts regular inspections and observes the growth of corn in each cultivation bin through the observation window. It obtains information on the growth status of new corn varieties under different soil conditions, single stress conditions, and multiple compound stress conditions. The growth status information is saved to the central control platform to provide accurate phenotypic data support for multi-environment adaptability breeding. After the corn in each cultivation bin is harvested, the cultivated soil is recycled and treated, and the cultivation bins are cleaned, disinfected, and repositioned to complete the cultivation process.

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