Industrialized cultivation method for morchella esculenta
By using red plastic film mulching and environmental control in morel cultivation, the problems of low yield and high deformity rate in industrialized morel cultivation have been solved, achieving stable high yield and healthy growth, and enhancing the commercial value of morels.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
The problems of low yield, unstable yield and high fruiting body deformity rate in the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms are particularly evident during the summer and autumn fruiting season, when existing technologies struggle to achieve stable high yields and low deformity rates.
By covering the morel mushroom cultivation substrate with red mulch, a relatively stable growing environment is created by controlling temperature, humidity, and light. Controlling air flow and humidity reduces pests and diseases and promotes healthy growth.
This has achieved stable yield and a fruiting body deformity rate of less than 10% in the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms, thereby increasing their commercial value.
Smart Images
Figure CN121753656A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of morel cultivation technology, specifically a method for the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms. Background Technology
[0002] Morel mushrooms belong to the genus Morchella (Morchella). Morchella Morel is a general term for fungi, belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, class Pezizomycetes, order Pezizales, and family Morchellaceae. Taxonomically, it is divided into three main groups: Yellow morel, Black morel, and Rufobrunnea morel. Currently, only some species of the Black morel and Rufobrunnea morel can be artificially cultivated.
[0003] Since Ower successfully cultivated morel mushrooms indoors in 1982, the industrial cultivation of morel mushrooms has been divided into four models: indoor cultivation based on Ower's patents, field cultivation based on Populus tomentosa substrate, cultivation based on nutrient bag technology, and cultivation based on seed bag technology. Nutrient bag technology is currently the main model for commercial morel mushroom cultivation. Under suitable environmental and climatic conditions, nutrient bag technology enables the reproducibility of morel mushroom fruiting, but the stability of yield and high cost remain the main factors restricting morel mushroom cultivation. Through more than ten years of efforts by scientists and producers, morel mushrooms have become a rare fungus that is affordable for ordinary people. However, regardless of whether it's a greenhouse in the north or a cold greenhouse in the south, climate change remains the most significant factor contributing to low yields and even crop failures. Furthermore, compared to most cultivated edible fungi, the supply of fresh morel mushrooms still experiences significant gaps. While summer cultivation in high-altitude areas has made some progress, the quantity is limited and prices are high. Factory cultivation is the only way to ensure a year-round supply of morels. Extensive research has been conducted on factory cultivation, and some progress has been made. Small-scale commercial production of indoor cultivation during the peak season (fruiting from November to May of the following year) has been achieved, but indoor cultivation during the summer and autumn season (fruiting from June to October) is not yet commercially viable. The yield of indoor cultivation during the peak season is 0.5–1 kg / m³. 2 The yield is lower than the average level in open fields, although factory production in summer and autumn yields are around 2 kg / m³. 2 The report states that while yields are stable and the proportion of deformed mushrooms (mainly those with bald tops) exceeds 80%, ensuring stable yields and addressing the issue of deformed fruiting bodies in the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms remains an unresolved problem. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention aims to solve the problems of low yield, unstable yield, and deformed fruiting bodies in the industrial cultivation of morel mushrooms. The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A method for the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms includes the following steps: S1: Select indoor facilities with controlled temperature, humidity, air and light conditions, and prepare bed frames or cultivation baskets according to bed cultivation or basket cultivation. S2: Cultivation Management ① Filling the substrate: Transfer the cultivation substrate to the bed frame or cultivation basket. The substrate thickness should be 10-12cm and the substrate moisture content should be 18-25%. ② Sowing: Sow by broadcasting or furrow sowing, using 0.5 kg to 1 kg of inoculum per m². 2 After sowing, cover the inoculum with substrate; ③ Post-sowing microbial cultivation: On the day of sowing, cover the bed frame or cultivation basket with red mulch film, 12-20 cm above the substrate. Maintain the indoor temperature at 16-20℃ and the relative humidity at 65-80%. ④ Place nutrient bags: 3-5 days after sowing, uncover the mulch film, sprinkle water for 3-5 minutes, the substrate moisture content is 25-28%, place the nutrient bags 5-8 hours later and cover the mulch film again; ⑤ After placing the nutrient bags, cultivate the bacteria: maintain the indoor temperature at 16-18℃ and the relative humidity at 65-80%; 30 days after sowing, adjust the temperature to 12-15℃ and maintain the relative humidity at 65-70%. ⑥ Mushroom induction and mushroom production management: 40-45 days after sowing, remove the film and water for 3-5 minutes to induce mushroom growth. The substrate moisture content should be 25-28%. After watering, cover the film again. Then maintain a temperature of 12℃ with darkness for 12 hours and a temperature of 16-18℃ with light for 12 hours, alternating between these two conditions. At this time, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-95%.
[0005] Preferably, the substrate formula is composed of 40% deep field soil, 40% mountain soil and 20% peat soil by mass ratio, and is used after drying, sieving and mixing evenly.
[0006] The term "deep soil" refers to the portion of soil 20–60 cm or even 1 m below the topsoil, also known as "subsoil" or "subsoil".
[0007] The term "mountain subsoil" refers to the original soil (subsoil, subsoil, or parent material) below the topsoil layer in mountainous areas that has been sparsely disturbed by human cultivation.
[0008] The term "peat soil" (also known as "sphagnum moss") refers to an "organic mineral body" formed by the slow accumulation of incompletely decomposed organic residues (mainly sedges and mosses) in a swampy environment under conditions of waterlogging, lack of oxygen, low temperature, and acidity.
[0009] Preferably, the formula of the nutrient bag is 65% wheat grains, 20% corn cobs and 15% rice husks by weight, mixed evenly before use.
[0010] The term "rice husk" (also known as rice husk) refers to the outermost hard shell that is removed during the processing of rice.
[0011] This invention provides an application of covering morel mushrooms with red mulch in industrialized cultivation. The mulch is 12-20 cm higher than the substrate. The application is to increase and stabilize morel mushroom yield or reduce the rate of deformed fruiting bodies.
[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the mulch film is 0.01 to 0.025 mm.
[0013] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a 20-30cm high border on the mushroom bed or cultivation basket, covered with a red plastic film that extends 12-20cm above the substrate. This achieves moisture retention and reduces the impact of airflow on the growth and development of morel mushrooms. The key feature of this invention is that it controls the growth and development of morel mushrooms within a specific space (mushroom bed or cultivation basket), maintaining a relatively stable growth environment (substrate moisture content and carbon dioxide concentration). During summer cooling, the impact of airflow on the growth environment is significantly reduced. Simultaneously, maintaining a relatively low level of ambient humidity during the growth period helps prevent the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. This invention provides a method for the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms that ensures stable fruiting and healthy development. Under this industrialized cultivation method, yields are stable, and the rate of deformed fruiting bodies is less than 10%, greatly enhancing the commercial value of morel mushrooms. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a basket cultivation method for morel mushroom industrialization, where (A) is an empty basket used for production; (B) is a basket filled with substrate and sown with seeds; (C) is a basket with nutrient bags placed inside; and (D) is a basket for growth after being covered with mulch. Detailed Implementation
[0015] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased.
[0016] In this invention, the matrix formula is composed of 40% deep soil from the field, 40% native soil from the mountain, and 20% peat soil by mass ratio. The soil is dried, sieved, and mixed evenly before use.
[0017] The formula for the nutrient bags is based on a weight ratio of 65% wheat grains, 20% corn cobs, and 15% rice husks, which should be mixed evenly before use.
[0018] The present invention provides a method for the industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms, comprising the following steps: 1. Select an indoor facility with controlled temperature, humidity, air, and light conditions. Prepare bed frames or cultivation baskets according to bed-type or basket-type cultivation. Cultivation baskets are plastic baskets, with unlimited length and width but a side height of 20-30cm. The bed frames are made of waterproof and corrosion-resistant materials, with a board base, a width of 100-120cm, and a side panel height of 20-30cm. The length is determined by the actual space. The side panels of the bed can be movable or fixed. To facilitate the loading and unloading of substrate, the end panels are detachable.
[0019] II. Cultivation and Management: ① Filling the substrate: Transplant the prepared cultivation substrate to the prepared bed frame or cultivation basket. The substrate thickness should be 10-12cm and the substrate moisture content should be 18%-25%. If it is lower than 18%, pre-wet it 2 days before cultivation and set up the sprinkler and light lamp strips. ② Sowing: Crush and mix the spawn taken from the spawn bag or bottle, and sow by broadcasting or furrow sowing. The amount of spawn used is 0.5 kg to 1 kg / m². 2 After sowing, cover the inoculum with substrate; ③ Post-sowing mycelium cultivation: On the day of sowing, cover the bed frame or cultivation basket with a red mulch film 0.01-0.025mm thick, making the red mulch film 12-20cm higher than the substrate. The red mulch film has the characteristics of heat preservation, moisture retention, and the film does not easily collect water droplets. Mulch film covering can avoid watering in summer to retain moisture, which is not conducive to morel growth. Mulch film covering reduces the production of conidia while retaining moisture. At this time, the indoor temperature is maintained at 16-20℃ and the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 65-80%. ④ Place nutrient bags: 3-5 days after sowing, uncover the mulch film and spray water for 3-5 minutes to make the substrate moisture content 25-28%. 5-8 hours after watering, place the nutrient bags and cover the mulch film again. ⑤ After placing the nutrient bags, cultivate the fungus: keep the indoor temperature at 16-18℃ and the relative humidity at 65-80%; 30 days after sowing, adjust the temperature to 12-15℃ and the relative humidity at 65-70%. By cooling and reducing humidity, accelerate the further utilization of nutrients in the nutrient bags and promote the physiological maturation of morel mushrooms. ⑥ Mushroom cultivation and management: 40-45 days after sowing, remove the film and water for 3-5 minutes to promote mushroom growth, so that the substrate moisture content is 25-28%. Cover the film again 2 hours after watering, and then maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-95%. After mushroom cultivation, alternate between maintaining a temperature of 12℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 16-18℃ in the light for 12 hours. When the young mushrooms are 2cm, alternate between maintaining a temperature of 15℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 18℃ in the light for 12 hours. Harvest when the fruiting bodies reach the best commercial requirements.
[0020] Example 1 A method for industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms using *Morchella esculenta* as the spawn and basket cultivation is specifically carried out according to the following steps: 1. Select an area of 200m² with controlled temperature, humidity, air quality, and light. 2 Prepare a mushroom growing room (25m × 8m) with cultivation baskets. The cultivation baskets are plastic baskets with dimensions of 80cm × 40cm × 25cm.
[0021] II. Cultivation and Management: ① Fill the substrate: Transfer the prepared cultivation substrate to the cultivation basket. The substrate thickness is 10cm. Pre-moisten the substrate 2 days before cultivation. The substrate moisture content is 18% to 25%. Arrange the sprinkler and light lamp strips. ② Sowing: Crush and mix the spawn taken from the spawn bag, and sow it by broadcasting. The spawn dosage is 0.8 kg / m². 2 After sowing, cover the inoculum with substrate; ③ Sowing and Microbial Cultivation: On the day of sowing, cover the cultivation basket with a 0.025mm thick red mulch film, 15cm above the substrate. Maintain the indoor temperature at 16-20℃ and the relative humidity at 65-80%. ④ Place nutrient bags: 5 days after sowing, uncover the mulch film, sprinkle water for 3-5 minutes, the substrate moisture content is 25-28%, place the nutrient bags 5 hours after watering and cover the mulch film again; ⑤ After placing the nutrient bags, cultivate the fungus: keep the indoor temperature at 16-18℃ and the relative humidity at 65-80%; 30 days after sowing, adjust the temperature to 12-15℃ and the relative humidity at 65-70%. By cooling and reducing humidity, accelerate the further utilization of nutrients in the nutrient bags and promote the physiological maturation of morel mushrooms. ⑥ Mushroom induction and management: 45 days after sowing, remove the film and water for 3-5 minutes to induce mushroom growth. The substrate moisture content should be 25-28%. Two hours after watering, cover the red film again and maintain a relative humidity of 85-95%. After inducing mushroom growth, alternate between maintaining a temperature of 12℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 16-18℃ in the light for 12 hours. When the young mushrooms are 2cm long, alternate between maintaining a temperature of 15℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 18℃ in the light for 12 hours. Harvest when the fruiting bodies reach the optimal commercial requirements. After each harvest, water for 3 minutes and alternate between maintaining a temperature of 15℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 18℃ in the light for 12 hours. Harvest in three stages.
[0022] In this example, the mushroom harvesting cycle was 8 days, divided into 3 harvests, with an interval of 3 days between harvests, and the average yield was 2.2 kg / m³. 2 The ratio of mushrooms harvested in the first, second, and third harvests was 1:3:1, with 9.5% of the mushrooms being deformed, including 4.8% of those with bald tops.
[0023] In the specific operation, except that the mulch film is covered with black mulch film with a thickness of 0.01mm and 0.025mm, the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.
[0024] In this example, with 0.01mm mulch film, the average yield was 0.5kg / m². 2 The proportion of deformed mushrooms was 32.8%, of which 12.6% were bald-topped mushrooms; with 0.025mm mulch, the average yield was 0.13 kg / m². 2 The proportion of deformed mushrooms was almost 100%, of which 12.6% were bald mushrooms, and the rest were drooping mushrooms, big-footed mushrooms, etc. Example 2
[0025] A method for industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms using *Morchella esculenta* as the spawn and bed cultivation is specifically carried out according to the following steps: 1. Select an area of 200m² with controlled temperature, humidity, air quality, and light. 2 The mushroom growing room (8m×25m) has 4 rows and 4 layers of shelves. The bed is 23m long and 1m wide. The side panels on the left and right sides are 25cm high, and the front and rear end panels are 25cm high. The spacing between layers is 0.6m, and the spacing between rows is 0.8m. White LED lights and water spraying facilities are installed.
[0026] II. Cultivation and Management: ① Fill the substrate: Fill the prepared cultivation substrate into the basket, with a substrate thickness of 10cm. Pre-moisten the substrate 2 days before cultivation, with a moisture content of 18% to 25%. ② Sowing: Select morel spawn that has been fully grown in the bag for 5 days. Remove the spawn from the bag, crush and mix it thoroughly, and sow it by broadcasting. The area covered this time is 23m × 1m × 4 × 4 = 368m². 2 The amount of inoculum used is 360 kg, approximately 1 kg / m³. 2 After sowing, cover the inoculum with substrate; ③ Sowing and inoculation: On the day of sowing, cover the bed with a 0.010mm thick red mulch film, 15cm above the substrate, and fix the edges of the film with tape. At this time, the indoor temperature is maintained at 18℃ and the relative humidity is maintained at 65%. The other steps are the same as in Example 1. In this example, the mushroom harvesting cycle was 8 days, divided into 3 harvests, with an interval of 3 days between harvests, and the average yield was 1.75 kg / m³. 2 The ratio of mushroom harvesting in the first, second, and third harvests was 1:2:2, with 8.0% of the mushrooms being deformed, including 5.2% of those with bald tops. Compared to Experiment 1, the mushroom emergence was delayed, the yield was low, and there were still many small mushrooms after the third harvest. Example 3
[0027] A method for industrialized cultivation of morel mushrooms using *Morchella esculenta* as the spawn and basket cultivation is specifically carried out according to the following steps: 1. Select an area of 200m² with controlled temperature, humidity, air quality, and light. 2 The mushroom growing room (8m×25m) has 4 rows and 4 layers of shelves, with each shelf 1m wide and the spacing between shelves 0.6m. The spacing between rows is 0.8m. White LED lights and water spraying facilities are installed.
[0028] II. Cultivation and Management: ① Filling the substrate: Select an 80cm×40cm×25cm plastic basket, fill the basket with the prepared cultivation substrate, the substrate thickness is 12cm, pre-moisten the substrate 2 days before cultivation, the substrate moisture content is 18%~25%; ② Sowing: Select morel spawn that has been fully grown in bags for 5 days, remove the spawn from the bags, crush and mix it thoroughly, and sow it by broadcasting. A total of 760 baskets were used, covering an area of approximately 240 square meters. 2 The amount of inoculum used is 120 kg, approximately 0.5 kg / m³. 2 After sowing, cover the inoculum with substrate; ③ Post-sowing mycelium cultivation: On the day of cultivation, cover the basket with a 0.010mm thick red mulch film, 13cm above the substrate, and secure the edges with rubber bands. At this time, maintain the indoor temperature at 20℃ and the relative humidity at 65%. ④ Place nutrient bags: 3 days after sowing, uncover the mulch film, sprinkle water for 3 minutes, and 6 hours after watering, place the nutrient bags and cover the mulch film again; ⑤ After placing the nutrient bags, cultivate the bacteria: maintain the indoor temperature at 18℃ and the relative humidity at 65%; 30 days after sowing, adjust the temperature to 15℃ and maintain the relative humidity at 65%. ⑥ Mushroom induction and management: 45 days after sowing, remove the film and water for 5 minutes to induce mushroom growth. The substrate moisture content should be 25%. Cover the film again 2 hours after watering. Thereafter, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90% by watering. After inducing mushroom growth, alternate between maintaining a temperature of 12℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 18℃ in the light for 12 hours. When the young mushrooms are 2cm, alternate between maintaining a temperature of 16℃ in the dark for 12 hours and a temperature of 20℃ in the light for 12 hours. Harvest when the fruiting bodies reach the best commercial requirements.
[0029] In this example, the mushroom harvesting cycle remains 8 days, divided into 3 harvests, with an interval of 3 days between harvests, and the average yield is 2.75 kg / m³. 2 The ratio of the first, second, and third mushroom harvests was 1:7:2, with 6.5% of the mushrooms being deformed, including 1.2% of the mushrooms that were bald. Compared to Example 1, the first harvest was 8 days later, resulting in a longer fruiting cycle, but the mushroom uniformity was higher and the proportion of deformed mushrooms was lower. The proportion of deformed mushrooms in the second harvest was as high as 70%, which is related to the different experimental species.
Claims
1. A method for factory cultivation of Morchella, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: selecting an indoor facility with temperature, humidity, air and light control conditions, and preparing a bed frame or a cultivation basket according to bed cultivation or basket cultivation; S2: cultivation management ①substrate loading: moving the cultivation substrate to the bed frame or the cultivation basket, with a substrate thickness of 10-12 cm and a substrate moisture content of 18-25%; (2) Sowing: sowing by scattering or furrow sowing, the amount of bacteria is 0.5-1 kg / m 2 , covering the bacteria with the matrix after sowing; ③post-seeding bacteria cultivation: covering the bed frame or the cultivation basket with red mulch on the day of seeding, with the mulch being 12-20 cm higher than the substrate, the indoor temperature being maintained at 16-20 ℃, and the air relative humidity being maintained at 65-80%; ④nutrient bag placement: uncovering the mulch after 3-5 days of seeding, spraying water for 3-5 minutes, the substrate moisture content being 25-28%, and placing the nutrient bag after 5-8 hours and re-covering the mulch; ⑤post-nutrient bag placement bacteria cultivation: maintaining the indoor temperature at 16-18 ℃ and the air relative humidity at 65-80%; adjusting the temperature to 12-15 ℃ after 30 days of seeding and maintaining the air relative humidity at 65-70%; ⑥mushroom cultivation and out-mushroom management: uncovering the mulch and spraying water for 3-5 minutes after 40-45 days of seeding to cultivate mushrooms, the substrate moisture content being 25-28%, re-covering the mulch after spraying water, and then maintaining the temperature at 12 ℃ and avoiding light for 12 hours and maintaining the temperature at 16-18 ℃ and lighting for 12 hours alternately, with the air relative humidity being maintained at 85-95%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The substrate formula comprises, by mass ratio, 40% of field deep soil, 40% of mountain soil and 20% of grass carbon soil, which are dried, sieved and mixed uniformly.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The nutrient bag formula comprises, by mass ratio, 65% of wheat grains, 20% of corn cobs and 15% of rice husks, which are mixed uniformly.
4. The use of red mulch in the factory cultivation of Morchella, characterized in that, The mulch is 12-20 cm higher than the substrate, and the application is to increase and stabilize the yield of Morels or to reduce the rate of fruit body deformity.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mulch has a thickness of 0.01-0.025 mm.