Composite fruit tree pollination auxiliary liquid and adaptive use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses composite fruit tree pollination auxiliary liquid and an adaptive use method, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The auxiliary liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-2% of a pollen viability protective agent, 0.3%-1.5% of a pollen germination accelerant, 2%-5% of a nutrition enhancer, 0.1%-0.5% of a surfactant, 0.2%-1% of a stress resistance regulator and the balance of deionized water, all the components have a synergistic effect, so that multiple functions of pollen viability protection, germination promotion, nutrition supplementation and stress resistance regulation are realized. The adaptive use method comprises the steps of auxiliary liquid dilution, pollen treatment, application opportunity selection, application mode selection and supplementary application treatment, and parameters are optimized according to different fruit tree types (kernel fruits, stone fruits and berries) and cultivation environments (open fields and facilities). The problems that an existing pollination auxiliary product is single in function and poor in adaptability are solved, the fruit tree pollination success rate and the fruit setting rate can be remarkably increased, the fruit malformation rate is reduced, the fruit quality is improved, meanwhile, the planting cost is reduced, and the method is environmentally friendly and suitable for large-scale application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting technology, specifically relating to a compound fruit tree pollination aid liquid and its suitable application method. Background Technology

[0002] Pollination is a crucial step in fruit tree fruit production, directly impacting fruit yield and quality. Currently, fruit tree pollination primarily relies on two methods: natural pollination (wind, insects) and artificial pollination. Natural pollination is significantly affected by environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, wind, and rainfall), resulting in inconsistent pollination success rates. Especially in protected cultivation (greenhouses, polytunnels) or under adverse climatic conditions (low temperature, rain, drought), natural pollination efficiency is extremely low, often leading to low fruit set rates, high rates of fruit deformities, and sharp yield reductions.

[0003] While artificial pollination can compensate for the shortcomings of natural pollination to some extent, it has many drawbacks: First, it is costly, requiring a lot of manpower for spot pollination, spraying, and other operations, which is especially difficult for large-scale orchards; second, the pollination effect is affected by the operator's skill level, and it is difficult to guarantee the uniformity of pollination; third, during the simple application of pollen, the pollen viability is easily affected by the environment and declines rapidly, resulting in low effective pollination efficiency.

[0004] To address these issues, existing technologies have developed several pollination aids, such as single pollen germination agents and nutrient solutions. However, these products have limited functionality: those that only promote pollen germination fail to provide sufficient nutrition for pollen tube growth and ovary development, thus hindering fruit quality after set. Products containing only nutrients lack protection for pollen viability and germination promotion, failing to guarantee pollination success rates even under adverse conditions. Furthermore, existing aids suffer from poor adaptability; a single product is often suitable for only a few types of fruit trees, and their application methods are not tailored to the flowering characteristics of different fruit trees or varying cultivation environments, resulting in poor practical application and failing to meet the diverse needs of fruit tree cultivation.

[0005] Therefore, developing a multifunctional pollination aid liquid that combines pollen viability protection, germination promotion, and nutrient supplementation, along with application methods adapted to different fruit tree types and cultivation environments, is of great significance for improving the pollination success rate of fruit trees, increasing fruit yield and quality, and reducing planting costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of limited functionality, poor adaptability, low pollination efficiency, and poor fruit quality in existing fruit tree pollination aids, this invention provides a composite fruit tree pollination aid liquid. This aid liquid synergistically achieves multiple functions, including protecting pollen viability, promoting pollen germination and pollen tube growth, and providing nutrients for ovary development. Simultaneously, it provides usage methods adapted to this aid liquid, optimizing usage parameters for different fruit tree types and cultivation environments to further improve pollination effectiveness and ensure fruit yield and quality.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The compound fruit tree pollination aid solution, by mass percentage, comprises: 0.5%-2% pollen viability protectant, 0.3%-1.5% pollen germination promoter, 2%-5% nutrient fortifier, 0.1%-0.5% surfactant, 0.2%-1% stress resistance regulator, and the balance being deionized water;

[0009] The pollen viability protectant is a compound of proline and betaine, with a mass ratio of 1:2-3.

[0010] The pollen germination promoter is a compound of boric acid and calcium nitrate, with a mass ratio of 1:1-2.

[0011] The nutrient fortifier is a compound of amino acid complex and trace elements; the amino acid complex includes glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glycine, with a mass ratio of 2:1:1; the trace elements include EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc and ammonium molybdate, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1.

[0012] The surfactant is a nonionic surfactant;

[0013] The stress regulator is a compound of abscisic acid and salicylic acid, with a mass ratio of 1:3-4.

[0014] Furthermore, the nonionic surfactant is Tween 80 or Span 60.

[0015] The preparation method of the compound fruit tree pollination aid solution includes the following steps:

[0016] 1) Take the prescribed amount of deionized water, heat it to 30-40℃, add the pollen viability protectant, and stir until completely dissolved;

[0017] 2) Add pollen germination promoter and nutrient fortifier to the solution in step 1) in sequence, stirring for 10-15 minutes after each addition until completely dissolved;

[0018] 3) Cool the solution from step 2) to room temperature, add the surfactant and stress regulator, and stir for 20-30 minutes until well mixed;

[0019] 4) Filter the mixture to remove impurities and obtain a compound fruit tree pollination aid solution;

[0020] 5) Store in a sealed container in the refrigerator.

[0021] A method for using the aforementioned compound fruit tree pollination aid liquid includes the following steps:

[0022] 1) Dilution of auxiliary solution: Dilute the auxiliary solution according to the type of fruit tree and cultivation environment; dilute 50-80 times for open-field pome fruits, 30-50 times for open-field stone fruits, 40-60 times for open-field berries, and 60-100 times for greenhouse-grown fruit trees.

[0023] 2) Pollen treatment: Mix the diluted auxiliary solution with the suitable pollen at a volume ratio of 100:1-2, stir well and let stand for 5-10 minutes;

[0024] 3) Application timing: Apply during the peak flowering period of fruit trees, when the temperature is 15-25℃ and the relative humidity is 60%-80%;

[0025] 4) Application method: Spraying is used for fruit trees with dense flowers, while spot application or powdering is used for fruit trees with sparse flowers;

[0026] 5) Supplementary treatment: If adverse weather occurs 2-3 days after application, supplement once after the weather improves. When supplementing, increase the dilution ratio of the auxiliary solution by 20%-30%.

[0027] Furthermore, the pome fruit trees are apples and pears; the stone fruit trees are peaches, plums, and cherries; and the berry fruit trees are grapes and strawberries.

[0028] Furthermore, in the powder spraying method, the pollen-auxiliary liquid mixture is mixed with the inert carrier at a ratio of 1:5 before spraying.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] 1) Synergistic Functional Combination: The auxiliary liquid of this invention achieves synergistic effects of multiple functions through the rational combination of pollen viability protectant, pollen germination promoter, nutrient fortifier, surfactant and stress regulator; it can protect pollen viability and prolong pollen survival time, significantly improve pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth rate, and at the same time provide sufficient nutrition and stress resistance for ovary development, thus solving the problem of single function of existing products;

[0031] 2) Wide adaptability: This invention designs corresponding dilution ratios, application methods and timings for different types of fruit trees (pome fruits, stone fruits, berries) and different cultivation environments (open field, facility), adapting to a variety of fruit tree planting scenarios and solving the problem of poor adaptability of existing products;

[0032] 3) Excellent pollination effect: Through the action of the auxiliary liquid and appropriate application methods, the pollination success rate of fruit trees can be significantly improved, the fruit setting rate can be increased by 20%-40% compared with traditional pollination methods, and the fruit deformity rate can be reduced by 30%-50%; at the same time, the addition of nutrient fortifiers and stress resistance regulators can improve the internal quality of the fruit, increasing the soluble solids content by 1%-3% and the vitamin C content by 5%-10%;

[0033] 4) Reduce planting costs: The auxiliary liquid of this invention has a simple preparation process, readily available raw materials, and low cost; at the same time, the matching usage method can reduce the amount of pollen used (30%-50% less than traditional manual pollination), and is easy to operate, which can improve the efficiency of pollination operations, reduce labor costs, and is suitable for large-scale orchard applications.

[0034] 5) Environmentally friendly: All components of the auxiliary liquid of this invention are natural or food-grade raw materials that are harmless to the environment and human body, with no residue and no pollution, which meets the requirements of green agricultural development. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in more detail and in a more complete manner.

[0036] The compound fruit tree pollination aid solution, by mass percentage, comprises: 0.5%-2% pollen viability protectant, 0.3%-1.5% pollen germination promoter, 2%-5% nutrient fortifier, 0.1%-0.5% surfactant, 0.2%-1% stress resistance regulator, and the balance being deionized water.

[0037] Furthermore, the pollen viability protectant is a compound of proline and betaine, wherein the mass ratio of proline to betaine is 1:2-3; proline and betaine can form a synergistic protective effect, reduce the damage to pollen cell membranes caused by environmental stresses (low temperature, drought, high temperature), maintain the activity of enzymes in pollen, and prolong the pollen viability retention time.

[0038] Furthermore, the pollen germination promoter is a compound of boric acid and calcium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of boric acid to calcium nitrate is 1:1-2; boric acid can promote the synthesis of pollen tube cell walls, and calcium nitrate can regulate the calcium ion concentration in pollen tubes and promote pollen tube elongation. The synergistic effect of the two can significantly improve the pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth rate.

[0039] Furthermore, the nutrient fortifier is a compound of amino acid complex and trace elements; the amino acid complex includes glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and glycine in a mass ratio of 2:1:1, and the amino acids can provide direct nitrogen and energy for pollen germination and ovary development; the trace elements include EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the trace elements can participate in enzymatic reactions in pollen and ovary, improving the efficiency of nutrient synthesis and transport.

[0040] Furthermore, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, preferably Tween 80 or Span 60; the surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the auxiliary liquid, making it easier for the auxiliary liquid to adhere to the pollen surface and stigma, increasing the contact area between the pollen and the stigma, and promoting the absorption of nutrients by the pollen.

[0041] Furthermore, the stress-resistance regulator is a compound of abscisic acid and salicylic acid, wherein the mass ratio of abscisic acid to salicylic acid is 1:3-4; abscisic acid can enhance the stress resistance of pollen and plants and reduce the impact of adverse environments on the pollination process; salicylic acid can promote the secretion of stigma mucus, improve the receptivity of stigma, and enhance the disease resistance of plants.

[0042] Furthermore, the preparation method of the composite fruit tree pollination aid solution includes the following steps:

[0043] 1) Take the prescribed amount of deionized water, place it in a stirring container, heat it to 30-40℃, add the pollen viability protectant, and stir until completely dissolved;

[0044] 2) Add pollen germination promoter and nutrient fortifier to the solution in step 1) in sequence, stirring for 10-15 minutes after each addition until completely dissolved;

[0045] 3) Cool the solution from step 2) to room temperature, add the surfactant and stress regulator, and stir for 20-30 minutes until well mixed;

[0046] 4) Filter the mixture from step 3) (filtration accuracy is 0.22μm) to remove impurities and obtain a composite fruit tree pollination aid solution;

[0047] 5) Dispense the prepared auxiliary solution into sealed containers and store them at 0-5℃.

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned compound fruit tree pollination aid liquid, comprising the following steps:

[0049] 1) Dilution of the auxiliary solution: Dilute the compound fruit tree pollination auxiliary solution to an appropriate concentration according to the type of fruit tree and the cultivation environment; for pome fruit trees (apple, pear) grown in open field, dilute 50-80 times; for stone fruit trees (peach, plum, cherry) grown in open field, dilute 30-50 times; for berry fruit trees (grape, strawberry) grown in open field, dilute 40-60 times; for fruit trees grown in protected facilities (various types of fruit trees grown in greenhouses / tunnels), dilute 60-100 times.

[0050] 2) Pollen treatment: Select high-quality pollen that is compatible with the fruit tree variety to be pollinated, mix the diluted auxiliary solution with the pollen at a volume ratio of 100:1-2, stir evenly to make a pollen-auxiliary solution mixture; let stand for 5-10 minutes after mixing to allow the pollen to fully absorb the nutrients in the auxiliary solution.

[0051] 3) Timing of application: Choose the peak flowering period of fruit trees (50%-70% of flowers are open) and the temperature is 15-25℃ and the relative humidity is 60%-80% for application; avoid high temperature and strong light, low temperature and rainy weather, and strong winds; for greenhouse cultivation, a suitable application environment can be created by controlling temperature and humidity.

[0052] 4) Application method: Select the appropriate application method according to the fruit tree variety and tree size; for fruit trees with small size and dense flowers (such as cherry and strawberry), use the spraying method, and spray the pollen-adjuvant solution mixture evenly on the stigma of the flower. The amount of spraying should be enough to moisten the stigma but not drip water; for fruit trees with large size and scattered flowers (such as apple and pear), use the spot application method or the powder spraying method. For the spot application method, use a brush to dip the mixture into the stigma and apply it. For the powder spraying method, mix the mixture with an inert carrier (such as talcum powder) at a ratio of 1:5 and then spray it evenly on the flower with a powder sprayer.

[0053] 5) Supplementation treatment: If adverse weather such as rain or strong winds occurs within 2-3 days after application, supplement once after the weather improves. When supplementing, the dilution ratio of the auxiliary solution can be increased by 20%-30%, while the amount of pollen remains unchanged.

[0054] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0055] Example 1: Preparation of a compound fruit tree pollination aid solution

[0056] The composite fruit tree pollination aid solution of this embodiment has the following components by mass percentage:

[0057] Pollen viability protectant (proline 0.2% + betaine 0.6%), pollen germination promoter (boric acid 0.3% + calcium nitrate 0.3%), nutrient fortifier (glutamic acid 1% + aspartic acid 0.5% + glycine 0.5% + EDTA chelated iron 0.6% + EDTA chelated zinc 0.4% + ammonium molybdate 0.2%), surfactant (Tween 80 0.2%), stress regulator (abscisic acid 0.2% + salicylic acid 0.6%), with the remainder being deionized water.

[0058] Preparation method:

[0059] 1) Take 95.2% deionized water, place it in a stirring container, heat it to 35°C, add proline and betaine, and stir for 12 minutes until completely dissolved;

[0060] 2) Add boric acid, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and ammonium molybdate to the above solution in sequence, stirring for 12 minutes after each addition until completely dissolved.

[0061] 3) Cool the solution to room temperature, add Tween 80, abscisic acid and salicylic acid, and stir for 25 minutes until well mixed;

[0062] 4) Filter the mixture through a 0.22μm filter membrane to remove impurities and obtain a composite fruit tree pollination aid solution;

[0063] 5) Dispense the auxiliary solution into sealed brown bottles and store them at 0-5℃.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] Application methods suitable for apple (open field cultivation)

[0066] 1) Dilution of the auxiliary solution: Dilute the composite fruit tree pollination auxiliary solution prepared in Example 1 by 60 times;

[0067] 2) Pollen treatment: Select high-quality apple pollen, mix the diluted auxiliary solution with the pollen at a volume ratio of 100:1.5, stir evenly, and let stand for 8 minutes;

[0068] 3) Application timing: During the peak flowering period of apple trees (60% of flowers are open), apply the fertilizer between 9 and 11 a.m. when the temperature is 20°C and the relative humidity is 70%.

[0069] 4) Application method: Use the spot application method. Dip a brush into the pollen-auxiliary liquid mixture and apply it to the stigma of the apple flower. Apply 1-2 times to each flower.

[0070] 5) Supplementation treatment: If there is light rain on the 3rd day after application, apply again 2 hours after the rain stops. When supplementing, dilute the auxiliary solution 80 times, and keep the pollen dosage unchanged.

[0071] Statistics show that using the pollination method of this embodiment, the fruit setting rate of apples increased by 32% compared with traditional artificial pollination, the fruit deformity rate decreased by 45%, and the soluble solids content of the fruit increased by 2.1%.

[0072] Example 3:

[0073] Application method suitable for cherry (greenhouse cultivation)

[0074] 1) Dilution of the auxiliary solution: Dilute the composite fruit tree pollination auxiliary solution prepared in Example 1 by 80 times;

[0075] 2) Pollen treatment: Select high-quality cherry pollen, mix the diluted auxiliary solution with the pollen at a volume ratio of 100:1, stir evenly, and let stand for 5 minutes;

[0076] 3) Application timing: During the peak cherry blossom season (50% of flowers open), apply the fertilizer between 10:00 AM and 12:00 PM by controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to 18℃ and the relative humidity to 75%.

[0077] 4) Application method: Use a spraying method. Use a small sprayer to evenly spray the pollen-adjuvant solution mixture onto the stigma of cherry blossoms. The amount of spray should be enough to moisten the stigma without dripping water.

[0078] 5) Reapplication treatment: No reapplication is required if there is no adverse weather after application.

[0079] Statistics show that using the pollination method described in this embodiment increases cherry fruit set rate by 38% compared to traditional artificial pollination, reduces fruit deformity rate by 48%, and increases vitamin C content by 8.5%.

[0080] Summary of Implementation Examples:

[0081] The three embodiments described above work together to fully demonstrate the preparation and application process of the composite fruit tree pollination aid solution of the present invention:

[0082] Example 1 clarifies the specific component ratio and standardized preparation process of the auxiliary liquid, ensuring its stability and functionality, and providing a qualified product foundation for subsequent applications. Examples 2 and 3 provide suitable usage parameters (dilution ratio, pollen mixing ratio, etc.) and operating procedures for different fruit tree types (pome apples, stone cherries) and different cultivation environments (open field, facility), verifying the applicability of the auxiliary liquid in diverse scenarios.

[0083] The results show that the complete "preparation-application" chain formed by the three embodiments can significantly improve the fruit setting rate, reduce the deformity rate, and improve the fruit quality, which fully demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of the technical solution of the present invention and provides a practical solution for efficient pollination in large-scale fruit tree planting.

[0084] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A compound fruit tree pollination aid liquid, characterized by, The components include, by mass percentage, pollen vitality protectant 0.5-2%, pollen germination promoter 0.3-1.5%, nutritional fortifier 2-5%, surfactant 0.1-0.5%, stress resistance regulator 0.2-1%, and the balance being deionized water; The pollen vitality protectant is a compound of proline and betaine in a mass ratio of 1:2-3; The pollen germination promoter is a compound of boric acid and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1-2; The nutritional fortifier is a compound of amino acid complex and trace elements; the amino acid complex includes glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and glycine in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; the trace elements include EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3:2:1; The surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant; The stress resistance regulator is a compound of abscisic acid and salicylic acid in a mass ratio of 1:3-4.

2. The compound fruit tree pollination aid liquid according to claim 1, characterized by, The non-ionic surfactant is Tween 80 or Span 60.

3. The method for preparing the complex type of fruit tree pollination auxiliary liquid according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: 1) Take the formula amount of deionized water, heat to 30-40℃, add pollen vitality protectant, and stir until completely dissolved; 2) Add the pollen germination promoter and the nutritional fortifier to the solution of step 1) in turn, and stir for 10-15 min after adding each component until completely dissolved; 3) Cool the solution of step 2) to room temperature, add the surfactant and the stress resistance regulator, and stir for 20-30 min until uniformly mixed; 4) Filter the mixture to remove impurities to obtain the composite fruit tree pollination auxiliary liquid; 5) Seal and store in cold storage.

4. The method of using the composite fruit tree pollination auxiliary liquid of claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: 1) Auxiliary liquid dilution: dilute the auxiliary liquid according to the type of fruit tree and the cultivation environment; dilute 50-80 times for drupes in the open field, dilute 30-50 times for stone fruits in the open field, dilute 40-60 times for berry fruits in the open field, and dilute 60-100 times for fruit trees in facilities; 2) Pollen treatment: mix the diluted auxiliary liquid with the appropriate pollen in a volume ratio of 100:1-2, stir uniformly, and stand for 5-10 min; 3) Application timing: apply during the full-bloom period of the fruit tree when the air temperature is 15-25℃ and the relative humidity is 60%-80%; 4) Application method: use the spray method for fruit trees with dense flowers, and use the point pollination method or the dusting method for fruit trees with dispersed flowers; 5) Supplementary treatment: supplement once after 2-3 days when the weather is bad, and increase the dilution ratio of the auxiliary liquid by 20%-30% during the supplementary treatment.

5. The method of use of claim 4, wherein, The drupes include apples and pears; the stone fruits include peaches, plums, and cherries; and the berry fruits include grapes and strawberries.

6. The method of use of claim 4, wherein, In the dusting method, mix the pollen-auxiliary liquid mixture with an inert carrier in a ratio of 1:5 and spray.