Battery charging and discharging control method and device, vehicle and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery charging and discharging control method and device, a vehicle and a medium, and relates to the technical field of vehicles. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring battery state information, scheduling electric quantity demand information and electricity price information; determining a plurality of battery attenuation costs according to the battery state information, the unit attenuation cost coefficient and the plurality of candidate charging and discharging power rates; determining an expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charging and discharging power rate according to the attenuation cost of each battery, the scheduling electric quantity demand information and the electricity price information; and determining a target charge-discharge power rate according to the maximum value in the plurality of expected net profits, and executing charge-discharge operation based on the target charge-discharge power rate. Therefore, according to the real-time battery state information of the battery, the charging and discharging strategy with the optimal net income in the whole life cycle is automatically selected in each scheduling cycle, so that the battery attenuation is accurately delayed, the economic return of the user is maximized, and the sustainability and asset value of the V2G mode are fundamentally guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a battery charging and discharging control method, a battery charging and discharging control device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The commercialization of current vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology faces a core obstacle: the limited cycle life of batteries, and the significant costs associated with charge-discharge degradation. If V2G revenue cannot cover the costs of battery degradation, the model is unsustainable. While related technologies can comprehensively assess battery state or optimize grid stability, they typically rely on static threshold rules or focus on grid-side technical objectives, failing to construct a computational model centered on the dynamic economic costs of battery degradation. This results in a lack of economic consideration in V2G decision-making, potentially leading to net losses for vehicle users. Furthermore, static strategies cannot adaptively adjust to battery state evolution, potentially accelerating degradation. More importantly, these technologies neglect the core objective of vehicle users as asset owners—maximizing net returns—leading to insufficient user participation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, the first objective of this application is to propose a battery charging and discharging control method that acquires battery state information, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information; determines multiple battery degradation costs based on the battery state information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charging and discharging power ratios; determines the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charging and discharging power ratio based on each battery degradation cost, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information; determines the target charging and discharging power ratio based on the maximum value among multiple expected net profits, and performs charging and discharging operations based on the target charging and discharging power ratio. This application dynamically quantifies the battery degradation cost under different charging and discharging power ratios based on real-time collected battery state information, and determines the expected net profit under different charging and discharging power ratios by combining scheduled power demand information and real-time electricity price information. Finally, it determines the target charging and discharging power ratio based on the maximum expected net profit and performs charging and discharging operations based on the target charging and discharging power ratio to maximize user benefits. In this way, based on the real-time battery status information, the charging and discharging strategy with the best net benefit over the entire life cycle is automatically selected in each scheduling cycle. This maximizes the economic return for users while accurately delaying battery degradation, fundamentally ensuring the sustainability and asset value of the V2G model. It realizes a fundamental shift from static threshold control to adaptive decision-making with battery status and user net benefit as the dual cores.

[0004] The second objective of this application is to provide a battery charging and discharging control device.

[0005] The third objective of this application is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0006] The fourth objective of this application is to propose a vehicle.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a battery charging and discharging control method, which involves acquiring battery status information, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information; determining multiple battery degradation costs based on the battery status information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charging and discharging power ratios; determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charging and discharging power ratio based on each battery degradation cost, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information; determining the target charging and discharging power ratio based on the maximum value among the multiple expected net profits; and performing charging and discharging operations based on the target charging and discharging power ratio.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, determining multiple battery degradation costs based on battery state information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charge / discharge power ratios includes: mapping battery state information and each candidate charge / discharge power ratio to a battery capacity degradation amount corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on a preset battery capacity degradation mapping function; and determining the battery degradation cost corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the product between each battery capacity degradation amount and the unit degradation cost coefficient.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, battery status information includes one or more of battery state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the following constraints are met in the process of determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the battery degradation cost, dispatched power demand information, and electricity price information: the absolute value of the battery charge / discharge power corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, wherein the first preset power threshold is determined based on the smaller value between the maximum power that the vehicle inverter can carry and the maximum instantaneous power that the battery can withstand; the battery state of charge is within a preset battery state of charge range, wherein the preset battery state of charge range is determined based on the battery health state, and the battery health state is positively correlated with the size of the preset battery state of charge range; the battery temperature is greater than or equal to a first preset battery temperature threshold and less than or equal to a second preset battery temperature threshold; the temperature range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset temperature range threshold and the voltage range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset voltage range threshold, wherein the temperature range is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures of the battery cells, and the voltage range is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum voltages of the battery cells.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the dispatched power demand information includes discharge amount, ancillary service power consumption, and charging amount; the electricity price information includes discharge price, ancillary service price, and charging price; and the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is determined based on the battery degradation cost, the dispatched power demand information, and the electricity price information. This includes determining expected discharge revenue based on discharge amount and discharge price; determining expected ancillary service revenue based on ancillary service power consumption and ancillary service price; determining expected charging expenditure based on charging amount and charging price; and determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on expected discharge revenue, expected ancillary service revenue, expected charging expenditure, and battery degradation cost.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on expected discharge revenue, expected ancillary service revenue, expected charging expenditure, and per-battery degradation cost includes: calculating the sum between expected discharge revenue and expected ancillary service revenue to determine the expected total revenue; calculating the sum between per-battery degradation cost and expected charging expenditure to determine the expected total expenditure corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio; and calculating the difference between the expected total revenue and each expected total expenditure to determine the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the unit degradation cost coefficient is generated by: obtaining the battery replacement cost, the battery initial capacity, and the battery life cycle number; determining the total battery discharge energy based on the product between the battery initial capacity and the battery life cycle number; and generating the unit degradation cost coefficient based on the ratio between the battery replacement cost and the battery total discharge energy.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this application provides a battery charging and discharging control device, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring battery status information, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information; a first determination module for determining multiple battery degradation costs based on the battery status information, a unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charging and discharging power ratios; a second determination module for determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charging and discharging power ratio based on the degradation cost of each battery, the scheduled power demand information, and the electricity price information; a third determination module for determining a target charging and discharging power ratio based on the maximum value among the multiple expected net profits; and an execution module for performing charging and discharging operations based on the target charging and discharging power ratio.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a battery charge-discharge control program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned battery charge-discharge control method.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, a fourth aspect of this application provides a vehicle including a memory, a processor, and a battery charging and discharging control program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the processor executes the battery charging and discharging control program, it implements the aforementioned battery charging and discharging control method.

[0017] According to the battery charging and discharging control method, apparatus, vehicle, and medium of this application, battery status information, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information are acquired; multiple battery degradation costs are determined based on the battery status information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charging and discharging power ratios; the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charging and discharging power ratio is determined based on each battery degradation cost, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information; a target charging and discharging power ratio is determined based on the maximum value among multiple expected net profits, and charging and discharging operations are performed based on the target charging and discharging power ratio. This application dynamically quantifies the battery degradation cost under different charging and discharging power ratios based on real-time collected battery status information, and determines the expected net profit under different charging and discharging power ratios by combining scheduled power demand information and real-time electricity price information. Finally, the target charging and discharging power ratio is determined based on the maximum expected net profit, and charging and discharging operations are performed based on the target charging and discharging power ratio to maximize user benefits. In this way, based on the real-time battery status information, the charging and discharging strategy with the best net benefit over the entire life cycle is automatically selected in each scheduling cycle. This maximizes the economic return for users while accurately delaying battery degradation, fundamentally ensuring the sustainability and asset value of the V2G model. It realizes a fundamental shift from static threshold control to adaptive decision-making with battery status and user net benefit as the dual cores. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 Here is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging control method according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 Here is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging control method according to other embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a battery charge / discharge control device according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0020] The battery charging and discharging control method, apparatus, vehicle, and medium of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging control method according to some embodiments of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The battery charging and discharging control method in this application embodiment may include the following steps: S110 acquires battery status information, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information. Specifically, after the vehicle connects to the charging equipment, it can collect battery status information in real time through the BMS (Battery Management System) and receive dispatched electricity demand information and real-time electricity price information from the grid side for the next dispatch cycle through the onboard communication module. The battery status information may include battery state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature. The dispatched electricity demand information may include the vehicle battery's discharge amount, the amount of electricity exchanged with the grid during ancillary services, and the amount of charging. Correspondingly, the electricity price information may include the discharge price, the ancillary service price, and the charging price. The ancillary services performed by the vehicle battery include, but are not limited to, frequency regulation, peak shaving / load shifting, voltage support, and reserve capacity.

[0022] S120 determines the degradation cost of multiple batteries based on battery status information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charge / discharge power ratios.

[0023] Specifically, for multiple candidate charge / discharge power rates, combined with the current battery status information and the preset unit attenuation cost coefficient, the battery attenuation cost model is used to predict the battery attenuation cost that will be generated if each candidate charge / discharge power rate is used in the next scheduling cycle.

[0024] S130 determines the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the battery degradation cost, dispatched power demand information, and electricity price information.

[0025] Specifically, after determining the battery degradation cost corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio, the discharge and ancillary service revenue and charging cost that may be obtained in the next scheduling cycle can be predicted based on the dispatched power demand information and the corresponding electricity price information. The expected gross profit of the next scheduling cycle is determined based on the sum of the discharge and ancillary service revenue and the charging cost. Then, the battery degradation cost corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is deducted to obtain the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio in the next scheduling cycle.

[0026] S140 determines the target charge / discharge power ratio based on the maximum value among multiple expected net profits, and performs charge / discharge operations based on the target charge / discharge power ratio.

[0027] Specifically, after determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio, the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is sorted in descending order. The maximum value among multiple expected net profits is determined, and the candidate charge / discharge power ratio corresponding to the maximum expected net profit is determined as the target charge / discharge power ratio for the next scheduling cycle. Based on the target charge / discharge power ratio, the vehicle performs charge / discharge operations in the next scheduling cycle to maximize user benefits.

[0028] This application dynamically quantifies battery degradation costs at different charge / discharge power rates based on real-time collected battery status information. It then combines this with scheduled power demand information and real-time electricity price information to determine the expected net profit at different charge / discharge power rates. Finally, it determines the target charge / discharge power rate based on the maximum expected net profit and executes charge / discharge operations based on this target power rate to maximize user benefits. In this way, based on real-time battery status information, the application automatically selects the charge / discharge strategy with the optimal net profit over the entire battery lifecycle in each scheduling cycle. This precisely slows down battery degradation while maximizing user economic returns, fundamentally ensuring the sustainability and asset value of the V2G model. It represents a fundamental shift from static threshold control to adaptive decision-making centered on both battery status and user net profit.

[0029] In some embodiments, determining multiple battery degradation costs based on battery state information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charge / discharge power ratios includes: mapping battery state information and each candidate charge / discharge power ratio to a battery capacity degradation amount corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on a preset battery capacity degradation mapping function; and determining the battery degradation cost corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the product of each battery capacity degradation amount and the unit degradation cost coefficient.

[0030] In some embodiments, battery status information includes one or more of battery state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature.

[0031] Specifically, the following description uses battery status information, including battery state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature, as examples, but this is not intended to limit this application. The preset battery capacity decay mapping function is calculated using a battery capacity decay mapping function f fitted based on experimental data. The formula for calculating battery capacity decay is as follows: ΔQ=f(SOC,P_rate,T,SOH); Where ΔQ represents the battery capacity decay; f() represents the preset battery capacity decay mapping function; SOC (State Of Charge) represents the battery state of charge; P_rate represents the candidate charge / discharge power rate; T represents the battery temperature; and SOH (State Of Health) represents the battery health status.

[0032] It should be noted that ΔQ can also be determined by looking up a preset relationship mapping table between SOC, P_rate, T, SOH and ΔQ. This preset relationship mapping table includes multiple SOC-P_rate-T-SOH and the ΔQ corresponding to each SOC-P_rate-T-SOH.

[0033] After determining the battery capacity degradation corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power rate, input the battery capacity degradation amount for each battery into the following formula to calculate the battery degradation cost corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power rate: C_degradation=K×ΔQ; Where C_degradation represents the battery degradation cost; K represents the unit degradation cost coefficient; and ΔQ represents the battery capacity degradation amount.

[0034] This application directly maps parameters such as battery state of charge, battery temperature, and charge / discharge power rate to battery degradation cost through a preset battery capacity degradation mapping function and a unit degradation cost coefficient. This allows the BMS to perform accurate benefit-cost analysis, pre-evaluating the long-term economic impact of different candidate charge / discharge power rates before executing charge / discharge commands, thus avoiding a reactive approach of repairing damage after it has occurred. Furthermore, because the preset battery capacity degradation mapping function incorporates battery health status as input, the battery degradation cost can be automatically adjusted as the battery ages, ensuring accurate cost prediction throughout its entire lifespan.

[0035] In some embodiments, the following constraints are met in the process of determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the battery degradation cost, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information: the absolute value of the battery charge / discharge power corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, wherein the first preset power threshold is determined based on the smaller value between the maximum power that the vehicle inverter can carry and the maximum instantaneous power that the battery can withstand; the battery state of charge is within a preset battery state of charge range, wherein the preset battery state of charge range is determined based on the battery health state, and the battery health state is positively correlated with the size of the preset battery state of charge range; the battery temperature is greater than or equal to a first preset battery temperature threshold and less than or equal to a second preset battery temperature threshold; the temperature range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset temperature range threshold and the voltage range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset voltage range threshold, wherein the temperature range is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures of the battery cells, and the voltage range is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum voltages of the battery cells.

[0036] Specifically, in determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the battery degradation cost, dispatched power demand information, and electricity price information, the following constraints need to be met: (1) Power constraint: |P(t)|≤min(P_max_inverter,P_max_battery(SOC,T)); Where |P(t)| represents the absolute value of the battery charge / discharge power corresponding to the candidate charge / discharge power ratio; min(P_max_inverter,P_max_battery(SOC,T)) represents the first preset power threshold; P_max_inverter represents the maximum power that the vehicle inverter can handle; and P_max_battery(SOC,T) represents the instantaneous maximum power that the battery can withstand under the current battery state of charge and battery temperature. In other words, the absolute value of the battery charge / discharge power corresponding to the candidate charge / discharge power ratio cannot exceed the maximum power that the vehicle inverter can handle, nor can it exceed the instantaneous maximum power that the battery can withstand under the current battery state of charge and battery temperature.

[0037] (2) Dynamic SOC constraints: SOC_min(SOH)≤SOC≤SOC_max(SOH); When the battery's State of Charge (SOH) is high (e.g., >90%), a wider range of SOH (e.g., 20%–90%) is permissible to fully utilize the battery's energy. As the SOH decreases (e.g., to 80%), the SOH range is narrowed (e.g., adjusted to 30%–85%). This is because aged batteries exhibit less stable crystal structures and reduced stress resistance at both low and high SOC levels; narrowing the SOH range can significantly slow down the rate of degradation.

[0038] (3) Temperature and consistency constraints: T_min≤T≤T_max; ΔV≤ΔV_max; ΔT≤ΔT_max; Where T represents the battery temperature; T_min represents the first preset battery temperature threshold; T_max represents the second preset battery temperature threshold; ΔT represents the temperature range of a single battery cell; ΔT_max represents the preset temperature range threshold; ΔV represents the temperature range of a single battery cell; and ΔV_max represents the preset voltage range threshold. The first preset battery temperature threshold, the second preset battery temperature threshold, the preset temperature range threshold, and the preset voltage range threshold can be calibrated according to actual operating conditions; no specific restrictions are imposed here. This ensures that the battery operates within a safe temperature range and that inconsistencies between individual cells are within a controllable range, preventing individual batteries from overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating.

[0039] This application upgrades traditional static threshold protection to dynamic adaptive protection, breaking through the limitations of existing battery management systems that rely on fixed safety thresholds. By intelligently matching the protection strategy with the real-time health status of the battery, it achieves systematic optimization of battery value throughout its entire lifecycle. It dynamically narrows the preset state-of-charge range of the high-degradation risk zone, significantly slowing down the degradation rate of aging batteries at the cost of a small amount of instantaneous usable capacity, effectively extending their remaining lifespan and thus enhancing the long-term economic value of battery assets. In this way, the dynamic protection mechanism and the aforementioned economic decision-making model together constitute a dual protection system. The former serves as a rigid constraint to prevent the battery from entering high-risk operating conditions, while the latter is a flexible cost-oriented approach that guides the system to select the optimal economic and lifespan trade-off strategy within the safety boundary. The two work synergistically to maximize battery lifespan and user benefits while ensuring safety.

[0040] In some embodiments, the scheduled power demand information includes discharge amount, ancillary service power consumption, and charging amount, and the electricity price information includes discharge price, ancillary service price, and charging price. The expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is determined based on the battery degradation cost, the scheduled power demand information, and the electricity price information, including: determining expected discharge revenue based on discharge amount and discharge price; determining expected ancillary service revenue based on ancillary service power consumption and ancillary service price; determining expected charging expenditure based on charging amount and charging price; and determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on expected discharge revenue, expected ancillary service revenue, expected charging expenditure, and battery degradation cost.

[0041] In some embodiments, determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on expected discharge revenue, expected ancillary service revenue, expected charging expenditure, and per-battery degradation cost includes: calculating the sum between expected discharge revenue and expected ancillary service revenue to determine the expected total revenue; calculating the sum between per-battery degradation cost and expected charging expenditure to determine the expected total expenditure corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio; and calculating the difference between the expected total revenue and each expected total expenditure to determine the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio.

[0042] Specifically, the cost of battery degradation per unit, the discharge volume of the next scheduling cycle, the power consumption and charging volume of ancillary services, and the corresponding discharge price, ancillary service price, and charging price can be input into the following formula to calculate the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio: J=[P_discharg×C_price1+P_service×C_service]-[P_charge×C_price2-C_degradation]; Where J represents expected net profit; P_discharge represents discharge volume; C_price1 represents discharge price; P_service represents power consumption for ancillary services; C_service represents ancillary service price; P_charge represents charging volume; C_price2 represents charging price; and degradation represents battery degradation cost.

[0043] P_discharg×C_price1 represents the expected discharge revenue; P_service×C_service represents the expected ancillary service revenue; P_charge×C_price2 represents the expected charging expenditure.

[0044] P_discharg×C_price1+P_service×C_service represents the expected total revenue; P_charge×C_price2-C_degradation represents the expected total expenditure.

[0045] Thus, maximizing expected net profit will spontaneously lead to the pursuit of higher discharge revenue, while simultaneously avoiding the cost of high battery degradation. The optimization objective of V2G control has shifted from technical optimization (such as smoothing grid fluctuations) to user economic optimization, achieving a unity of technical and economic objectives.

[0046] In some embodiments, the unit degradation cost coefficient is generated by: obtaining the battery replacement cost, the battery initial capacity, and the battery life cycle number; determining the total battery discharge energy based on the product of the battery initial capacity and the battery life cycle number; and generating the unit degradation cost coefficient based on the ratio between the battery replacement cost and the total battery discharge energy.

[0047] Specifically, the unit degradation cost factor means spreading the total value of the battery across the total discharge volume over its entire lifespan, resulting in the theoretical cost per kWh of discharge. For each vehicle battery, the unit degradation cost factor can be calculated by obtaining the battery replacement cost, initial battery capacity, and number of battery life cycles. The number of battery life cycles refers to the number of cycles the battery undergoes under standard cycling conditions; for example, after 1500 cycles at 80% depth of discharge, the capacity decays to 80%.

[0048] For example, the battery replacement cost, initial battery capacity, and number of battery life cycles can be entered into the following formula to calculate the battery unit degradation cost factor: K=C_replace / (Q_initial×DOD_cycle_life); Where K represents the battery unit degradation cost coefficient; C_replace represents the battery replacement cost; Q_initial represents the battery initial capacity; and DOD_cycle_life represents the number of battery life cycles.

[0049] As a concrete example, refer to Figure 2 The battery charging and discharging control method in the application embodiment may further include the following steps: S210, State Awareness and Data Input.

[0050] S211 acquires battery status information in real time, including battery state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature.

[0051] S212 receives dispatched power demand information and real-time electricity price information. The dispatched power demand information includes discharge amount, power consumption of ancillary services, and charging amount.

[0052] S213, Data Preprocessing and Fusion.

[0053] S220 constructs a quantitative model for battery degradation costs. This addresses the pain point of not being able to quantify battery degradation into economic value, providing a direct basis for economic decision-making.

[0054] S221, call the preset battery capacity decay mapping function ΔQ=f(SOC,P_rate,T,SOH).

[0055] S222, calculate the cost of battery degradation.

[0056] The core formula of the model is: C_degradation = K × ΔQ Where: C_degradation: Expected battery degradation cost (unit: yuan).

[0057] K (unit attenuation cost coefficient): K=C_replace / (Q_initial×DOD_cycle_life).

[0058] C_replace: Battery pack replacement cost (RMB), reflecting the asset value of the battery.

[0059] Q_initial: Initial battery capacity (kWh).

[0060] DOD_cycle_life: The number of battery life cycles under standard cycle conditions (e.g., capacity decays to 80% after 1500 cycles at 80% depth of discharge).

[0061] The unit degradation cost factor means spreading the total value of the battery across the total discharge volume over its entire life cycle, thus obtaining the theoretical cost per kWh of discharge.

[0062] ΔQ (Expected battery capacity degradation): Calculated using a degradation mapping function f based on experimental data fitting, i.e., ΔQ=f(SOC,P_rate,T,SOH).

[0063] SOC: Battery State of Charge. High-power charging and discharging at low or high SOC levels results in faster battery degradation.

[0064] P_rate (planned action): Candidate charge / discharge power rates (C-rate) (e.g., high-intensity, medium-intensity, low-intensity discharge. Option A (aggressive): Discharge at high power (e.g., P_rate = 0.5C). Option B (robust): Discharge at medium power (e.g., P_rate = 0.3C). Option C (conservative): Discharge at low power (e.g., P_rate = 0.1C). This is the "virtual action" that the optimization algorithm is evaluating; the higher the power, the faster the decay. T: Battery temperature. High temperatures significantly accelerate chemical side reactions in the battery.

[0065] SOH: Battery health status. Aged batteries (low SOH) will experience more severe degradation under the same stress.

[0066] S230, construct the objective function J.

[0067] J=[P_discharg×C_price1+P_service×C_service]-[P_charge×C_price2-C_degradation].

[0068] Where J represents expected net profit; P_discharge represents discharge volume; C_price1 represents discharge price; P_service represents power consumption for ancillary services; C_service represents ancillary service price; P_charge represents charging volume; C_price2 represents charging price; and degradation represents battery degradation cost.

[0069] P_discharg×C_price1 represents the expected discharge revenue; P_service×C_service represents the expected ancillary service revenue; P_charge×C_price2 represents the expected charging expenditure.

[0070] P_discharg×C_price1+P_service×C_service represents the expected total revenue; P_charge×C_price2-C_degradation represents the expected total expenditure.

[0071] S240, construct constraints, including power constraints, dynamic SOC constraints, and temperature and consistency constraints.

[0072] S250, optimization solution and instruction execution.

[0073] Under constraints, the objective function is maximized based on a preset optimization algorithm, and the target charge / discharge power ratio P_opt is output. The BMS controls the power devices to execute P_opt.

[0074] The task of the optimization algorithm (such as quadratic programming or heuristic algorithm) is to find an optimal charge / discharge power instruction P_opt(t) within all the constraints defined in S240, so that the net user benefit J defined in S230 is maximized. This instruction is then issued and executed.

[0075] After executing an instruction, the BMS immediately (or in the next scheduling cycle) re-senses the battery status information and starts a new round of optimization decisions based on the latest situation, thereby achieving true adaptive control.

[0076] In summary, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology in related technologies only considers electricity costs and does not take into account the lifespan costs caused by charge and discharge degradation, which prevents users from achieving their expected benefits. The solution is to transform the battery degradation economic cost through a mapping function based on real-time battery state parameters such as SOH, SOC, and temperature. Based on the degradation economic cost, dispatched power demand information, and electricity price information, the expected benefits are calculated. Based on the expected benefits, the charging and discharging operation that maximizes the benefits is selected, thereby maximizing the user's benefits.

[0077] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this application also proposes a battery charging and discharging control device.

[0078] Reference Figure 3 The battery charging and discharging control device 300 includes: an acquisition module 310, a first determination module 320, a second determination module 330, a third determination module 340, and an execution module 350.

[0079] The module 310 acquires battery status information, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information. The first determining module 320 determines multiple battery degradation costs based on the battery status information, unit degradation cost coefficient, and multiple candidate charge / discharge power ratios. The second determining module 330 determines the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the battery degradation cost, scheduled power demand information, and electricity price information. The third determining module 340 determines the target charge / discharge power ratio based on the maximum value among multiple expected net profits. The execution module 350 performs charge / discharge operations based on the target charge / discharge power ratio. According to one embodiment of this application, the first determining module 320 is specifically used to: map the battery state information and each candidate charge / discharge power rate into the battery capacity decay amount corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power rate based on a preset battery capacity decay mapping function; and determine the battery decay cost corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power rate based on the product between each battery capacity decay amount and the unit decay cost coefficient.

[0080] According to one embodiment of this application, battery status information includes one or more of battery state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature.

[0081] According to one embodiment of this application, the following constraints are met in the process of determining the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on the battery degradation cost, dispatched power demand information, and electricity price information: the absolute value of the battery charge / discharge power corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, wherein the first preset power threshold is determined based on the smaller value between the maximum power that the vehicle inverter can carry and the maximum instantaneous power that the battery can withstand; the battery state of charge is within a preset battery state of charge range, wherein the preset battery state of charge range is determined based on the battery health state, and the battery health state is positively correlated with the size of the preset battery state of charge range; the battery temperature is greater than or equal to a first preset battery temperature threshold and less than or equal to a second preset battery temperature threshold; the temperature range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset temperature range threshold and the voltage range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset voltage range threshold, wherein the temperature range is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures of the battery cells, and the voltage range is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum voltages of the battery cells.

[0082] According to one embodiment of this application, the dispatched power demand information includes discharge amount, ancillary service power consumption, and charging amount, and the electricity price information includes discharge price, ancillary service price, and charging price. The second determining module 330 is specifically used to: determine expected discharge revenue based on discharge amount and discharge price; determine expected ancillary service revenue based on ancillary service power consumption and ancillary service price; determine expected charging expenditure based on charging amount and charging price; and determine expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio based on expected discharge revenue, expected ancillary service revenue, expected charging expenditure, and the degradation cost per battery.

[0083] According to one embodiment of this application, the second determining module 330 is further configured to: calculate the sum between expected discharge revenue and expected ancillary service revenue to determine the expected total revenue; calculate the sum between each battery degradation cost and expected charging expenditure to determine the expected total expenditure corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio; and calculate the difference between the expected total revenue and each expected total expenditure to determine the expected net profit corresponding to each candidate charge / discharge power ratio.

[0084] According to one embodiment of this application, the battery unit degradation cost coefficient is generated by obtaining the battery replacement cost, the battery initial capacity, and the battery life cycle number; determining the total battery discharge energy based on the product between the battery initial capacity and the battery life cycle number; and generating the battery unit degradation cost coefficient based on the ratio between the battery replacement cost and the battery total discharge energy.

[0085] It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiments and beneficial effects of the battery charging and discharging control device also applies to the battery charging and discharging control method of the embodiments of this application. To avoid redundancy, it will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0086] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this application also proposes a computer-readable storage medium.

[0087] The computer-readable storage medium of this application stores a battery charging and discharging control program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned battery charging and discharging control method.

[0088] It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiments and beneficial effects of the battery charging and discharging control method also applies to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiments of this application. To avoid redundancy, it will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0089] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this application also proposes a vehicle.

[0090] See Figure 4 As shown, the vehicle 400 of this application includes a memory 410, a processor 420, and a battery charging and discharging control program stored in the memory 410 and executable on the processor 420. When the processor executes the battery charging and discharging control program, it implements the aforementioned battery charging and discharging control method.

[0091] It should be noted that the above explanation of the vehicle embodiments and beneficial effects also applies to the battery charging and discharging control method of the embodiments of this application. To avoid redundancy, it will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0092] It should be noted that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0093] It should be understood that various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0094] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0095] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0096] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0097] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery charge and discharge control method characterized by, The method comprises: obtaining battery state information, dispatch power demand information and electricity price information; determining a plurality of battery degradation costs according to the battery state information, a unit degradation cost coefficient and a plurality of candidate charging and discharging power multipliers; determining an expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers according to each of the battery degradation costs, the dispatch power demand information and the electricity price information; determining a target charging and discharging power multiplier according to a maximum value among a plurality of expected net profits, and performing a charging and discharging operation based on the target charging and discharging power multiplier.

2. The battery charge and discharge control method according to claim 1, characterized by, The determining of the plurality of battery degradation costs according to the battery state information, the unit degradation cost coefficient and the plurality of candidate charging and discharging power multipliers comprises: mapping the battery state information and each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers into a battery capacity degradation amount corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers based on a preset battery capacity degradation mapping function; determining a battery degradation cost corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers based on a product between each of the battery capacity degradation amounts and the unit degradation cost coefficient.

3. The battery charge and discharge control method according to claim 2, characterized by, The battery state information comprises one or more of a battery state of charge, a battery state of health and a battery temperature.

4. The battery charge and discharge control method according to claim 3, characterized by, In the process of determining the expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers according to each of the battery degradation costs, the dispatch power demand information and the electricity price information, the following constraints are met: an absolute value of a battery charging and discharging power corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, wherein the first preset power threshold is determined based on a smaller value between a maximum power that can be borne by a vehicle-mounted inverter and a maximum instantaneous power that can be borne by a battery; the battery state of charge is in a preset battery state of charge interval, wherein the preset battery state of charge interval is determined based on the battery state of health, and the battery state of health is positively correlated with a size of the preset battery state of charge interval; the battery temperature is greater than or equal to a first preset battery temperature threshold and less than or equal to a second preset battery temperature threshold; a temperature range of battery cells is less than or equal to a preset temperature range threshold, and a voltage range of the battery cells is less than or equal to a preset voltage range threshold, wherein the temperature range is determined based on a difference between a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature of the battery cells, and the voltage range is determined based on a difference between a maximum voltage and a minimum voltage of the battery cells.

5. The battery charge and discharge control method according to claim 1, wherein The dispatch power demand information comprises a discharging amount, an auxiliary service consumption amount and a charging amount, the electricity price information comprises a discharging price, an auxiliary service price and a charging price, and the determining of the expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multipliers according to each of the battery degradation costs, the dispatch power demand information and the electricity price information comprises: determining an expected discharging income based on the discharging amount and the discharging price; determining an expected auxiliary service income based on the auxiliary service consumption amount and the auxiliary service price; determining an expected charging expenditure based on the charging amount and the charging price; The expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multiples is determined based on the expected discharging revenue, the expected auxiliary service revenue, the expected charging expenditure and each of the battery degradation costs.

6. The battery charge and discharge control method according to claim 5, wherein The expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multiples is determined based on the expected discharging revenue, the expected auxiliary service revenue, the expected charging expenditure and each of the battery degradation costs, including: a sum value between the expected discharging revenue and the expected auxiliary service revenue is calculated to determine an expected total revenue; a sum value between each of the battery degradation costs and the expected charging expenditure is calculated to determine an expected total expenditure corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multiples; a difference value between the expected total revenue and each of the expected total expenditures is calculated to determine the expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multiples.

7. The battery charge and discharge control method according to claim 1, wherein The unit degradation cost coefficient is generated by including: a battery reset cost, a battery initial capacity and a battery life cycle number are obtained; a total discharging energy of the battery is determined based on a product between the battery initial capacity and the battery life cycle number; the unit degradation cost coefficient is generated based on a ratio between the battery reset cost and the total discharging energy of the battery.

8. A battery charge-discharge control device characterized by comprising: The apparatus includes: an obtaining module configured to obtain battery state information, dispatching power demand information and electricity price information; a first determining module configured to determine a plurality of battery degradation costs according to the battery state information, a unit degradation cost coefficient and a plurality of candidate charging and discharging power multiples; a second determining module configured to determine an expected net profit corresponding to each of the candidate charging and discharging power multiples according to each of the battery degradation costs, the dispatching power demand information and the electricity price information; a third determining module configured to determine a target charging and discharging power multiple according to a maximum value among a plurality of the expected net profits; an executing module configured to perform a charging and discharging operation based on the target charging and discharging power multiple.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A battery charging and discharging control program is stored thereon, and the battery charging and discharging control program is executed by a processor to implement the battery charging and discharging control method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: A battery charging and discharging control program is stored in a memory and can be run on a processor, and the processor executes the battery charging and discharging control program to implement the battery charging and discharging control method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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