Road snow melting device and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a road snow melting device as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The road snow melting device comprises a stable base layer and a thermal resistor, the stable base layer comprises an energy storage body, and the energy storage body can play a structure supporting role; the energy storage body is connected with external electric energy and the thermal resistor through wires. The preparation method of the energy storage body comprises the following steps: preparing cement-based printing slurry; filling the cement-based printing slurry into a 3D printing device, and stacking layer by layer to form a printing body; curing, maintaining, trimming and drying the printing body, and immersing the printing body into a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte; a soluble alkali / salt solution is dropwise added to the surface of the electrode, then the electrode and the cement-based electrolyte are stacked and assembled, and an assembly is obtained; sealing and packaging the assembly body to obtain an energy storage body; a printing interlayer interface of the cement-based electrolyte has a directionally arranged pore structure, the pore diameter is 0.5-20 microns, and the porosity is 10-50%; and the hole orientation of the hole structure is consistent with the ion migration direction between the electrodes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field, and in particular to a road snow melting device, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In winter, snowfall and icing pose a significant threat to road safety. Traditional snow and ice melting methods, such as spreading de-icing agents and manual snow removal, suffer from problems such as low efficiency, high cost, poor timeliness, and significant disruption to traffic.

[0003] In recent years, snow and ice melting pavement technology has gradually become a research hotspot for ensuring road traffic capacity in winter, especially intelligent road structures with active snow and ice melting functions, which have received widespread attention. Existing active melting technologies achieve this by pre-embedding heating elements within the road structure, typically employing two modes: one is to directly lay resistance wires, carbon fiber heating cables, or other thermal resistors beneath the road surface or in the track bed, connecting them to an external power grid; the other is to use materials with conductive heating functions, such as conductive asphalt concrete or conductive cement concrete, directly as the pavement layer or track slab. However, these technologies suffer from drawbacks such as strong energy supply dependence, high cost, and poor durability.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a road snow melting device that is low in dependence on mains power, low in cost, durable and easy to maintain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide a road snow melting device, its preparation method, and its application. The technical problem to be solved is how to provide a road snow melting device that is less dependent on mains power, has low cost, high durability, and is easy to maintain, thus making it more suitable for practical use.

[0006] The objective of this application and the technical problem it solves are achieved through the following technical solution. A road snow melting device according to this application includes:

[0007] It stabilizes the base layer, providing a stable support structure for the road surface, and can also store electrical energy;

[0008] The resistance temperature detector (RTD) generates heat when energized and is located above the stable base layer.

[0009] The aforementioned stable base layer includes an energy storage body, which serves as a structural support; the aforementioned energy storage body is connected to external electrical energy and the aforementioned thermal resistor via wires.

[0010] The aforementioned method for preparing the energy storage medium includes the following steps:

[0011] S1: Preparation of cement-based printing paste;

[0012] S2: The aforementioned cement-based printing paste is loaded into a 3D printing device and deposited layer by layer to form a printed body;

[0013] S3: After curing, trimming, and drying the aforementioned printed body, immerse it in a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte.

[0014] S4: Add a soluble alkali / salt solution to the electrode surface, then stack and assemble the aforementioned electrode with the aforementioned cement-based electrolyte to obtain an assembly; seal and package the aforementioned assembly to obtain the aforementioned energy storage body;

[0015] The aforementioned cement-based electrolyte has a oriented pore structure at the printing interlayer interface with a pore size of 0.5–20 μm and a porosity of 10%–50%; the pore orientation of the aforementioned pore structure is consistent with the ion migration direction between the aforementioned electrodes.

[0016] The purpose of this application and the technical problems to be solved can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.

[0017] Preferably, in the aforementioned road snow melting device, the thermal resistor is at least one of a conductive concrete layer, a carbon fiber heating wire, a metal heating mesh, and a graphene heating film.

[0018] Preferably, the aforementioned road snow melting device further includes:

[0019] A wear layer is provided on the road surface, covering the aforementioned thermal resistor; the aforementioned thermal resistor is laid on the aforementioned stable base layer.

[0020] Preferably, in the aforementioned road snow melting device, the wearing layer is asphalt concrete or cement concrete.

[0021] Preferably, the aforementioned road snow melting device further includes:

[0022] The intelligent control system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a controller; the controller is configured to automatically control the charging process of the external electrical energy to the energy storage body and / or the discharging process of the energy storage body to the thermal resistor based on the signals from the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0023] Preferably, in the aforementioned road snow melting device, the external electrical energy comes from at least one of solar cells and wind power generation devices.

[0024] Preferably, in the aforementioned road snow melting device, the cement-based printing paste comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0025] Cementitious material: 80-120 parts;

[0026] Polymer: 2-25 parts;

[0027] Water-reducing agent: 0.1–2 parts;

[0028] Accelerator: 0.5–10 parts;

[0029] Air-entraining agent: 0.002–0.1 parts;

[0030] Water: 28–65 parts.

[0031] The objective of this application and the solution to its technical problem are further achieved by the following technical solution. According to the preparation method of a road snow melting device proposed in this application, the steps include:

[0032] Q1: Based on the size requirements of the road's stable base layer and the energy storage capacity requirements, use model design software to design a three-dimensional model of the electrolyte layer and the electrode embedding position, and use slicing software to generate the 3D printing path of the energy storage body;

[0033] Q2: Prepare cement-based printing paste; load the aforementioned cement-based printing paste into a 3D printing device, and print layer by layer according to the aforementioned 3D printing path to form a printed body; cure and maintain the aforementioned printed body, trim and dry it, and then immerse it in a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte; drop a soluble alkali / salt solution onto the electrode surface, and then stack and assemble the aforementioned electrode and the aforementioned cement-based electrolyte to obtain an assembly; seal and package the aforementioned assembly to obtain the aforementioned energy storage body;

[0034] The aforementioned cement-based electrolyte has a oriented pore structure at the printing interlayer interface, with a pore size of 0.5–20 μm and a porosity of 10%–50%; the pore orientation of the aforementioned pore structure is consistent with the ion migration direction between the aforementioned electrodes.

[0035] Q3: Lay the aforementioned energy storage body into the aforementioned stable base layer, and connect the aforementioned energy storage body to external electrical energy and thermal resistors through wires.

[0036] The purpose of this application and the technical problems to be solved can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.

[0037] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for preparing the road snow melting device, the thermal resistance is the steel rail in the aforementioned railway track.

[0038] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for preparing the road snow melting device, in step Q3, the aforementioned thermal resistor is laid on the aforementioned stable base layer, and then a wear layer is covered on the aforementioned thermal resistor.

[0039] The purpose of this application and the solution to its technical problem are also achieved by the following technical solutions: the application of any of the aforementioned road snow melting devices proposed in this application in roads or railways.

[0040] By employing the above technical solution, the road snow melting device, its preparation method, and its application disclosed in this application have at least the following advantages:

[0041] (1) This application uses the cement-based electrolyte energy storage body directly as a structural component of the stabilizing base layer. This integrated design eliminates the additional space occupation, complex connections, and interface protection issues associated with independent energy storage units, making the entire device more compact and robust. It significantly improves the long-term structural durability and overall reliability of the system under harsh traffic dynamic loads and freeze-thaw cycles, with low maintenance requirements and an expected lifespan matching the main road structure. Furthermore, the energy storage body can store electrical energy from intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, and release it when needed to power the thermal resistors. This "peak shaving and valley filling" energy management method reduces or even eliminates dependence on stable mains power, making it particularly suitable for remote road sections or lines without grid coverage. Simultaneously, utilizing green energy reduces long-term operating electricity costs.

[0042] (2) This application is the first to reverse the use of the low density and high porosity of the weak interlayer interface region in 3D printed components to construct a directional pore structure as an efficient ion migration channel, thereby improving the ionic conductivity of cement-based electrolytes and significantly increasing the energy density and charge / discharge speed of cement-based energy storage.

[0043] (3) The cement-based electrolyte energy storage device prepared in this application has advantages such as low cost, simple operation process, and ease of large-scale preparation by adjusting parameters such as interlayer interval time, printing speed, and layer height during the printing process to control the size of the directional pore structure. Furthermore, combined with subsequent optimization measures such as interface functionalization treatment, the ion conduction performance of the directional pore structure and the overall device performance can be further improved.

[0044] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the energy storage body in some embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 2 The AC impedance spectral curves of the energy storage bodies prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 of this application are shown.

[0047] Figure 3 The ionic conductivity of the energy storage bodies prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 of this application;

[0048] Figure 4 The cyclic voltammetry curves of the energy storage device prepared in Example 1 of this application are shown.

[0049] Figure 5 The constant current charge-discharge curves of the energy storage device prepared in Example 1 of this application are shown.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a pore structure morphology diagram of the cross-section of the cement-based electrolyte in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a road snow melting device in some embodiments of this application;

[0052] Icons: 1-External power; 2-Wire; 3-Stabilizing base layer; 4-Heating layer; 5-Thermal resistance; 6-Wearing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this application to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, provides a detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of a road snow melting device, its preparation method, and its application based on this application. In the following description, different "embodiments" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0054] This application proposes a road snow melting device, such as Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0055] The stabilized base layer 3 provides a stable support structure for the road surface and can also store electrical energy;

[0056] The thermal resistor 5 heats up when energized and is located above the stable base layer 3;

[0057] The aforementioned stable base layer 3 includes an energy storage body, which can serve as a structural support; the aforementioned energy storage body is connected to the external electrical energy 1 and the aforementioned thermal resistor 5 via a wire 2.

[0058] The aforementioned method for preparing the energy storage medium includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: Preparation of cement-based printing paste;

[0060] S2: The aforementioned cement-based printing paste is loaded into a 3D printing device and deposited layer by layer to form a printed body;

[0061] S3: After curing, trimming, and drying the aforementioned printed body, immerse it in a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte.

[0062] S4: Add a soluble alkali / salt solution to the electrode surface, then stack and assemble the aforementioned electrode with the aforementioned cement-based electrolyte to obtain an assembly; seal and package the aforementioned assembly to obtain the aforementioned energy storage body;

[0063] The aforementioned cement-based electrolyte has a oriented pore structure at the printing interlayer interface with a pore size of 0.5–20 μm and a porosity of 10%–50%; the pore orientation of the aforementioned pore structure is consistent with the ion migration direction between the aforementioned electrodes.

[0064] Specifically, the external electrical energy 1 can be obtained from the power grid or from renewable energy conversion. Preferably, the external electrical energy 1 comes from at least one of solar cells and wind power generation devices. The energy storage unit not only performs the function of storing electrical energy, but also serves as a structural support.

[0065] The energy storage medium includes electrodes and a cement-based electrolyte. The electrodes include a positive electrode material layer and a negative electrode material layer; further, the positive and negative electrode material layers include: single-material electrodes and composite material electrodes; further, the single-material electrode is one of a metal electrode (iron, nickel, copper, aluminum, etc.), a carbon material electrode (graphite, carbon fiber, graphene, etc.), or a lithium compound electrode (lithium iron phosphate electrode, lithium manganese oxide electrode, lithium cobalt oxide electrode, lithium nickel cobalt oxide electrode, ternary lithium electrode, etc.); further, the composite electrode is one or more of a metal oxide and carbon material composite electrode, a conductive polymer and metal composite electrode, a multi-metal composite electrode, a carbon material and metal compound composite electrode, and a cement-based composite electrode.

[0066] Furthermore, the cement-based printing paste comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0067] Cementitious material: 80-120 parts;

[0068] Polymer: 2-25 parts;

[0069] Water-reducing agent: 0.1–2 parts;

[0070] Accelerator: 0.5–10 parts;

[0071] Air-entraining agent: 0.002–0.1 parts;

[0072] Water: 28–65 parts.

[0073] Furthermore, the cement-based printing paste comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0074] Cementitious material: 95-105 parts;

[0075] Polymer: 5-20 parts;

[0076] Water-reducing agent: 0.3–0.6 parts;

[0077] Thickener: 0.08–0.25 parts;

[0078] Accelerator: 2-4 parts;

[0079] Air-entraining agent: 0.008–0.05 parts;

[0080] Water: 36-44 parts.

[0081] Furthermore, the cementing materials mentioned above include, but are not limited to, ordinary silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, aluminate cement, magnesium cement, and geopolymer cementing materials. Cementing materials prepared mainly from solid waste, such as fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag powder, steel slag, red mud, coal gangue, construction demolition waste, and urban solid waste incineration fly ash, can also be selected as cementing systems after mechanical activation, heat treatment, or chemical activation. Alternatively, mineral admixtures such as limestone powder, silica fume, and metakaolin can be compounded with the above cementing materials to form a composite cementing system, wherein ordinary silicate cement is preferred.

[0082] Furthermore, the polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyurethane (PU), with polyacrylamide (PAM) being preferred.

[0083] Furthermore, the water-reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agents, naphthalene-based water-reducing agents, sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensate water-reducing agents, lignin sulfonate water-reducing agents, and combinations thereof, with polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agents being preferred.

[0084] Furthermore, the accelerator includes, but is not limited to, aluminate accelerators, sulfoaluminate accelerators, nitrate accelerators, sulfate accelerators, and mixtures thereof, with aluminate accelerators being preferred.

[0085] Furthermore, the air-entraining agent includes, but is not limited to, alkyl sulfate air-entraining agents, rosin soap air-entraining agents, alkyl hydrocarbon sulfonate air-entraining agents, fluorocarbon surfactants and combinations thereof, wherein alkyl sulfate air-entraining agents are preferred.

[0086] Furthermore, the water in question is tap water, which complies with GB5749-2022 "Standards for Drinking Water Quality".

[0087] Cement-based electrolytes possess an oriented pore structure with pore sizes ranging from 0.5 to 20 μm and porosities from 10 to 50%. The pore orientation aligns with the ion migration direction between electrodes. Using 3D printing, cement-based electrolytes can form an ordered pore structure at the layer / strip interface. This pore structure serves as a rapid ion migration channel, effectively improving the ion transport efficiency within the electrolyte.

[0088] Furthermore, the dimensions of the oriented hole structure can be controlled through 3D printing process parameters, including but not limited to:

[0089] The interlayer interval time is 1–100 min, with a preferred range of 20–60 min;

[0090] The floor height is 4–50 mm, with a preferred range of 10–20 mm;

[0091] The nozzle diameter is 5–40 mm, with a preferred range of 7–18 mm;

[0092] The printing speed is 5–100 mm / s, with an optimal range of 10–50 mm / s.

[0093] The extrusion speed is 0.1 to 1 rad / s, with a preferred range of 0.2 to 0.5 rad / s.

[0094] Furthermore, the oriented pore structure can be functionalized to enhance its ion conductivity. Such functionalization includes, but is not limited to:

[0095] During the interlayer deposition interval, an aqueous solution containing a soluble alkali / salt, preferably a potassium hydroxide solution, is sprayed at the interlayer interface.

[0096] During the interlayer deposition interval, a polymer material, preferably polyacrylamide, is applied to the interlayer interface.

[0097] Furthermore, during the interlayer deposition interval, a 5–7 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution is sprayed at the interlayer interface at a spraying rate of 0.5–2 g / cm³. 2 ; and a polyacrylamide aqueous solution with a solid content of 25%–35%, with a spraying amount of 1–3 g / cm³. 2 .

[0098] Furthermore, in steps S3 and S4, the soluble alkali / salt includes, but is not limited to, alkaline compounds, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates, acetates, and lithium salts, preferably potassium hydroxide; the soluble alkali / salt solution is a 5-7 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution.

[0099] Furthermore, the thermal resistor 5 is at least one of the following: a conductive concrete layer, a carbon fiber heating wire, a metal heating mesh, and a graphene heating film.

[0100] Furthermore, the aforementioned road snow melting device also includes an abrasion layer 6, which is disposed on the road surface and covers the aforementioned thermal resistor 5; the aforementioned thermal resistor 5 is laid on the aforementioned stable base layer 3.

[0101] Furthermore, the aforementioned wear layer 6 is asphalt concrete or cement concrete.

[0102] Furthermore, the aforementioned road snow melting device also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a controller; the controller is configured to automatically control the charging process of the external electrical energy to the energy storage body and / or the discharge process of the energy storage body to the thermal resistor 5 based on the signals from the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0103] The method for preparing a road snow melting device proposed in this application includes the following steps:

[0104] Q1: Based on the size requirements of the stable base layer 3 of the road and the energy storage capacity requirements, use model design software to design the three-dimensional model of the electrolyte layer and the electrode embedding position, and use slicing software to generate the 3D printing path of the energy storage body;

[0105] Q2: Prepare cement-based printing paste; load the aforementioned cement-based printing paste into a 3D printing device, and print layer by layer according to the aforementioned 3D printing path to form a printed body; cure and maintain the aforementioned printed body, trim and dry it, and then immerse it in a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte; drop a soluble alkali / salt solution onto the electrode surface, and then stack and assemble the aforementioned electrode and the aforementioned cement-based electrolyte to obtain an assembly; seal and package the aforementioned assembly to obtain the aforementioned energy storage body;

[0106] The aforementioned cement-based electrolyte has a oriented pore structure at the printing interlayer interface, with a pore size of 0.5–20 μm and a porosity of 10%–50%; the pore orientation of the aforementioned pore structure is consistent with the ion migration direction between the aforementioned electrodes.

[0107] Q3: Lay the aforementioned energy storage body into the aforementioned stable base layer 3, and connect the aforementioned energy storage body to the external power source 1 and the thermal resistor 5 through the wire 2.

[0108] Furthermore, the thermal resistor 5 is a steel rail in a railway track.

[0109] Furthermore, in step Q3, the aforementioned thermal resistor 5 is laid on the aforementioned stable base layer 3, and then the aforementioned thermal resistor 5 is covered with a wear layer 6.

[0110] The application of any of the aforementioned road snow melting devices proposed in this application in roads or railways.

[0111] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but this should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above content of the present application are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0112] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents mentioned below are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, all methods described are methods known in the art. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0113] Example 1

[0114] This embodiment provides an energy storage medium and its preparation method, such as Figure 1 As shown.

[0115] The energy storage medium comprises a magnesium cobalt layered double hydroxide / foamed nickel electrode (MgCo-LDHs@Ni), an activated carbon / foamed nickel electrode (AC@Ni), and a cement-based electrolyte. The cement-based electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: cementitious material: 100 parts; polymer: 6 parts; water-reducing agent: 0.3 parts; thickener: 0.2 parts; accelerator: 2 parts; air-entraining agent: 0.01 parts; water: 40 parts. The cementitious material is ordinary silicate cement; the polymer is polyacrylamide (PAM); the water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent with a solid content of 40%; the thickener is hydroxymethyl cellulose ether (HPMC); the accelerator comprises the following components in parts by weight: aluminate cement 50%, sodium carbonate 10%, aluminum sulfate 10%, sodium sulfate 15%, quicklime 15%; the air-entraining agent is hydrogen peroxide solution with a purity of 99%.

[0116] The preparation method of the energy storage body is as follows:

[0117] S1: Mix cement, polymer, water-reducing agent, air-entraining agent, quick-setting agent and water. First, stir at 140 r / min for 120 s, stop for 15 s, and then stir at 285 r / min for 120 s to prepare cement-based printing slurry.

[0118] S2: The prepared cement-based printing paste is loaded into a 3D printing device and deposited layer by layer to form a printed body. The printed body is 120cm long, 60mm wide, and 100mm high. The printing process is as follows: interlayer interval 30min, layer height 10mm, 10 layers, nozzle diameter 10mm, printing speed 30mm / s, and extrusion speed 0.4rad / s. During the printing deposition interval, a 6mol / L potassium hydroxide solution is sprayed at the interlayer interface at a spraying rate of 1g / cm³. 2And a PAM aqueous solution with a solid content of 30%, with a spraying amount of 2 g / cm³. 2 .

[0119] S3: The printed body was placed in a standard curing room for 28 days for curing. After curing, the printed grooves on the surface of the printed body were removed to make the surface flat. The length of the printed body after removal was 100cm, the width was 50mm, and the height was 100mm. Then it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 45℃ to dry to constant weight. The dried printed body was then transferred to a vacuum water retention machine with a vacuum degree of 2kPa and 6mol / L potassium hydroxide solution was introduced to allow it to fully penetrate into the pores of the printed body. After the treatment, cement-based electrolyte was obtained.

[0120] S4: Add 30 μL / cm³ of the solution to the surfaces of the magnesium cobalt layered double hydroxide / nickel foam electrode (MgCo-LDHs@Ni) and the activated carbon / nickel foam electrode (AC@Ni), respectively. 2 A 6 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, with electrode areas of 100 cm². 2 Then, MgCo-LDHs@Ni, cement-based electrolyte, and AC@Ni are sequentially stacked and assembled in a sandwich structure, with the plane of the electrode perpendicular to the interlayer interface of the cement-based electrolyte, to obtain the assembly. The assembly is then sealed and packaged using a vacuum heat sealer to obtain the energy storage device.

[0121] Example 2

[0122] This embodiment provides an energy storage medium and its preparation method, such as Figure 1 As shown.

[0123] The energy storage unit comprises two activated carbon / foamed nickel electrodes (AC@Ni) and a cement-based electrolyte. The cement-based electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: cementitious material: 100 parts; polymer: 10 parts; water-reducing agent: 0.5 parts; thickener: 0.1 parts; accelerator: 3 parts; air-entraining agent: 0.02 parts; water: 43 parts. The cementitious material is ordinary silicate cement; the polymer is polyacrylamide (PAM); the water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a solid content of 40%; the thickener is hydroxymethyl cellulose ether (HPMC); the accelerator comprises the following components in parts by weight: aluminate cement 50%, sodium carbonate 10%, aluminum sulfate 10%, sodium sulfate 15%, quicklime 15%; the air-entraining agent is hydrogen peroxide solution with a purity of 99%.

[0124] The preparation method of the energy storage body is as follows:

[0125] S1: Mix cement, polymer, water-reducing agent, air-entraining agent, quick-setting agent and water. First, stir at 140 r / min for 120 s, stop for 15 s, and then stir at 285 r / min for 120 s to prepare cement-based printing slurry.

[0126] S2: The prepared cement-based printing paste is loaded into a 3D printing device and deposited layer by layer to form a printed body. The printed body is 120cm long, 60mm wide, and 100mm high. The printing process is as follows: interlayer interval 30min, layer height 10mm, 10 layers, nozzle diameter 10mm, printing speed 40mm / s, and extrusion speed 0.4rad / s. During the printing deposition interval, a 6mol / L potassium hydroxide solution is sprayed at the interlayer interface at a spraying rate of 1g / cm³. 2 And a PAM aqueous solution with a solid content of 30%, with a spraying amount of 2 g / cm³. 2 .

[0127] S3: The printed body was placed in a standard curing room for 28 days for curing. After curing, the printed grooves on the surface of the printed body were removed to make the surface flat. The length of the printed body after removal was 100cm, the width was 50mm, and the height was 100mm. Then it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 45℃ to dry to constant weight. The dried printed body was then transferred to a vacuum water retention machine with a vacuum degree of 2kPa and 6mol / L potassium hydroxide solution was introduced to allow it to fully penetrate into the pores of the printed body. After the treatment, cement-based electrolyte was obtained.

[0128] S4: Add 30 μL / cm² of solution to both activated carbon / nickel foam electrodes (AC@Ni). 2 A 6 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, with electrode areas of 100 cm². 2 Then, AC@Ni, cement-based electrolyte, and AC@Ni are sequentially stacked in a sandwich structure, with the plane of the electrode perpendicular to the interlayer interface of the cement-based electrolyte, to obtain the assembly. The assembly is then sealed using a vacuum heat sealer to obtain the energy storage device.

[0129] Example 3

[0130] This embodiment provides an energy storage medium and its preparation method, such as Figure 1 As shown.

[0131] The energy storage device comprises two reduced graphene oxide / nickel foam electrodes (rGO@Ni) and a cement-based electrolyte. The cement-based electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: cementitious material: 100 parts; polymer: 10 parts; water-reducing agent: 0.5 parts; thickener: 0.1 parts; accelerator: 3 parts; air-entraining agent: 0.02 parts; water: 43 parts. The cementitious material is ordinary silicate cement; the polymer is polyacrylamide (PAM); the water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a solid content of 40%; the thickener is hydroxymethyl cellulose ether (HPMC); the accelerator comprises the following components in parts by weight: aluminate cement 50%, sodium carbonate 10%, aluminum sulfate 10%, sodium sulfate 15%, quicklime 15%; and the air-entraining agent is hydrogen peroxide solution with a purity of 99%.

[0132] The preparation method of the energy storage body is as follows:

[0133] S1: Mix cement, polymer, water-reducing agent, air-entraining agent, quick-setting agent and water. First, stir at 140 r / min for 120 s, stop for 15 s, and then stir at 285 r / min for 120 s to prepare cement-based printing slurry.

[0134] S2: The prepared cement-based printing paste is loaded into a 3D printing device and deposited layer by layer to form a printed body. The printed body is 120cm long, 60mm wide, and 100mm high. The printing process is as follows: interlayer interval 40min, layer height 10mm, 10 layers, nozzle diameter 10mm, printing speed 30mm / s, and extrusion speed 0.4rad / s. During the printing deposition interval, a 6mol / L potassium hydroxide solution is sprayed at the interlayer interface at a spraying rate of 1g / cm³. 2 And a PAM aqueous solution with a solid content of 30%, with a spraying amount of 2 g / cm³. 2 .

[0135] S3: The printed body was placed in a standard curing room for 28 days for curing. After curing, the printed grooves on the surface of the printed body were removed to make the surface flat. The length of the printed body after removal was 100cm, the width was 50mm, and the height was 100mm. Then it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 45℃ to dry to constant weight. The dried printed body was then transferred to a vacuum water retention machine with a vacuum degree of 2kPa and 6mol / L potassium hydroxide solution was introduced to allow it to fully penetrate into the pores of the printed body. After the treatment, cement-based electrolyte was obtained.

[0136] S4: 30 μL / cm² of solution was dropped onto both surfaces of the reduced graphene oxide / nickel foam electrode (rGO@Ni). 2 A 6 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, with electrode areas of 100 cm². 2Then, rGO@Ni, cement-based electrolyte, and rGO@Ni are sequentially stacked in a sandwich structure, with the plane of the electrode perpendicular to the interlayer interface of the cement-based electrolyte, to obtain the assembly. The assembly is then sealed using a vacuum heat sealer to obtain the energy storage device.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] This comparative example provides a cast energy storage body and its preparation method.

[0139] The cast energy storage system comprises a magnesium cobalt layered double hydroxide / foamed nickel electrode (MgCo-LDHs@Ni), an activated carbon / foamed nickel electrode (AC@Ni), and a cast cement-based electrolyte. The cast cement-based electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: cementitious material: 100 parts; polymer: 6 parts; water-reducing agent: 0.3 parts; thickener: 0.2 parts; accelerator: 2 parts; air-entraining agent: 0.01 parts; water: 40 parts. The cementitious material is ordinary Portland cement; the polymer is polyacrylamide (PAM).

[0140] The water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent with a solid content of 40%; the thickener is hydroxymethyl cellulose ether (HPMC); the quick-setting agent includes the following components by mass percentage: 50% aluminate cement, 10% sodium carbonate, 10% aluminum sulfate, 15% sodium sulfate, and 15% quicklime; the air-entraining agent is hydrogen peroxide solution with a purity of 99%.

[0141] The preparation method of cast energy storage body is as follows:

[0142] S1: Mix cement, polymer, water-reducing agent, air-entraining agent, quick-setting agent and water. First, stir at 140 r / min for 120 s, stop for 15 s, and then stir at 285 r / min for 120 s to prepare cement-based slurry.

[0143] S2: Pour the prepared cement-based slurry into a silicone mold with a length of 100cm, a width of 50mm, and a height of 100mm. Demold the mold one day later to obtain the casting.

[0144] S3: The cast body was transferred to a standard curing room for 28 days of curing. After curing, the cast body was then placed in a vacuum drying oven at 45°C to dry to constant weight. The dried cast body was then transferred to a vacuum water retention chamber with a vacuum degree of 2 kPa, and a 6 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution was introduced to allow it to fully penetrate into the pores of the cementitious material. After this treatment, the cast cement-based electrolyte was obtained.

[0145] S4: Add 30 μL / cm³ of the solution to the surfaces of the magnesium cobalt layered double hydroxide / nickel foam electrode (MgCo-LDHs@Ni) and the activated carbon / nickel foam electrode (AC@Ni), respectively. 2A 6 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, with electrode areas of 100 cm². 2 Then, MgCo-LDHs@Ni, cast cement-based electrolyte and AC@Ni are stacked and assembled in a sandwich structure, and the assembly is sealed and packaged using a vacuum heat sealer to obtain the cast energy storage body.

[0146] Compressive strength and porosity tests were conducted on the cement-based electrolyte samples (cut into 40mm×40mm×160mm pieces) prepared in Examples 1-3 and the cast cement-based electrolyte sample (cut into 40mm×40mm×160mm pieces) prepared in Comparative Example 1, in accordance with the national standard "Test Method for Strength of Cement Mortar (ISO Method)" (GB / T17671-2021). A universal testing machine was used for the compressive strength test; an AutoPore IV 9510 fully automatic mercury porosimeter was used for the porosity test, with mercury intrusion pressures ranging from 1.4 kPa to 414 MPa. The results of the compressive strength and porosity tests are shown in Table 1.

[0147] Table 1. Physical and electrochemical properties of cement-based electrolyte samples from Examples 1-3 and the cast cement-based electrolyte sample from Comparative Example 1.

[0148]

[0149] AC impedance testing was performed on the cement-based electrolytes prepared in Examples 1-3 and the cast cement-based electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in the figure. Figure 2 .

[0150] The ionic conductivity of the cement-based electrolytes prepared in Examples 1-3 and the cast cement-based electrolyte prepared in Comparative Example 1 was tested, and the results are shown in the figure. Figure 3 See Table 1.

[0151] Cyclic voltammetry tests were performed on the energy storage device prepared in Example 1 above, and the results are shown in [Figure 1]. Figure 4 .

[0152] The energy storage device prepared in Example 1 was subjected to constant current charge-discharge testing, and the results are shown in [the table below]. Figure 5 .

[0153] The electrochemical testing instrument used for AC impedance testing, cyclic voltammetry testing, and constant current charge-discharge testing is Shanghai Chenhua CHI 660F. The testing environment conditions are room temperature (20±2)℃ and relative humidity (above 95%).

[0154] The cross-section of the cement-based electrolyte sample prepared in Example 1 was subjected to fluorescence impregnation and then photographed under a microscope. The resulting pore structure morphology is shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown.

[0155] Example 4

[0156] This embodiment provides a road snow melting device, its preparation method, and its application.

[0157] like Figure 7 As shown, the road snow melting device in this embodiment includes an external power source 1, a wire 2, a stable base layer 3, a heating layer 4, a thermal resistor 5, and a wear layer 6.

[0158] Based on the dimensions and energy storage capacity requirements of the stable base layer 3, a 3D model of the electrolyte and electrode embedding positions were designed using 3D Max, and the 3D printing path was generated using Cura. The energy storage body was fabricated according to the method described in Example 3 (with adaptive adjustments to dimensions and electrodes). According to Table 2, the positive electrode material was selected as a carbon fiber / MnO2 composite electrode, and the negative electrode material as a carbon nanotube / nickel composite electrode, with an electrode area of ​​1250 cm². 2 The electrode loading is approximately 13 mg / cm². 2 The electrode spacing is approximately 30cm. In this example, the stabilized base layer is 10m long, 3m wide, and 20cm high, and the energy storage capacity requirement is 6 hours.

[0159] The energy storage body is laid into the stable base layer 3, and then the thermal resistor 5 is laid into the heating layer 4. The energy storage body is connected to the external power source 1 and the thermal resistor 5 through the wire 2. Finally, the wear layer 6 is covered on the heating layer 4.

[0160] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: External electrical energy 1 is transmitted along the conductor 2 to the stable base layer 3, which integrates a fast thermal response energy storage body, for storage. When the road surface is icy, the electrical energy released by the energy storage body activates the thermal resistor 5 in the heating layer 4, which heats the wear layer 6 to achieve the effect of melting snow and ice.

[0161] Table 2 Parameter Compatibility Table for Different Electrode Materials

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] The technical features in the claims and / or specification of this application can be combined, and the combination is not limited to the combinations obtained through reference in the claims. Technical solutions obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and / or specification are also within the scope of protection of this application.

[0165] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A road snow melting device, characterized by, It comprises: a stable base layer, which provides a stable support structure for the road surface and can also store electrical energy; a thermal resistor, which generates heat when powered on, is located above the stable base layer; The stable base layer comprises an energy storage body, which can play a structural support role; the energy storage body is connected to external electrical energy and the thermal resistor through wires; The preparation method of the energy storage body comprises the following steps: S1: preparing a cement-based printing slurry; S2: loading the cement-based printing slurry into a 3D printing device to form a printed body by layer-by-layer accumulation; S3: curing and maintaining the printed body, trimming, drying, and then immersing it in a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte; S4: dropping a soluble alkali / salt solution on the surface of an electrode, then assembling the electrode and the cement-based electrolyte to obtain an assembly; sealing and packaging the assembly to obtain the energy storage body; The interface between the printed layers of the cement-based electrolyte has a directional pore structure with a pore size of 0.5-20 μm and a porosity of 10%-50%; the pore structure has a pore orientation consistent with the ion migration direction between the electrodes.

2. The road snow melting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal resistor is at least one of a conductive concrete layer, a carbon fiber heating wire, a metal heating net, and a graphene heating film.

3. The roadway snow melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein It further comprises: a wearing layer arranged on the road surface and covering the thermal resistor; the thermal resistor is laid on the stable base layer.

4. The roadway snow melting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The wearing layer is asphalt concrete or cement concrete.

5. The roadway snow melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein It further comprises: an intelligent control system comprising a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a controller; the controller is configured to automatically control the charging process of the external electrical energy to the energy storage body and / or the discharging process of the energy storage body to the thermal resistor according to the signals of the temperature sensor and humidity sensor.

6. The road snow melting device according to claim 1, wherein the external electrical energy is from at least one of a solar cell and a wind power generation device.

7. The road snow melting device according to claim 1, wherein the cement-based printing slurry comprises the following components by mass fraction: cementitious material: 80-120 parts; polymer: 2-25 parts; water reducing agent: 0.1-2 parts; accelerator: 0.5-10 parts; air entraining agent: 0.002-0.1 parts; water: 28-65 parts.

8. A method of producing a road snow melting device, characterized by, The steps include: Q1: designing a three-dimensional model of the electrolyte layer and the electrode embedding position using model design software according to the size requirements and energy storage capacity demands of the stable base layer of the road, and generating a 3D printing path of the energy storage body through slicing software; Q2: preparing a cement-based printing slurry; loading the cement-based printing slurry into a 3D printing device, and printing layer by layer according to the 3D printing path to form a printed body; curing and maintaining the printed body, trimming, drying, and then immersing it in a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte; dropping a soluble alkali / salt solution on the surface of an electrode, then assembling the electrode and the cement-based electrolyte to obtain an assembly; sealing and packaging the assembly to obtain the energy storage body; The printed layer interface of the cement-based electrolyte has a directional arrangement of pore structures with a pore size of 0.5-20 μm and a porosity of 10%-50%; the pore structures have a pore orientation consistent with the ion migration direction between the electrodes; Q3: laying the energy storage body into the stable base layer, and connecting the energy storage body to external electric energy and a thermal resistor through a wire.

9. The preparation method of claim 8, wherein, In step Q3, the thermal resistor is laid on the stable base layer, and a wearing layer is further covered on the thermal resistor.

10. Use of the road snow melting device of any one of claims 1-6 in a road or railway.

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