Automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism and cutting method

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism and a cutting method. The mechanism comprises a rack assembly; the central axes of the straight shaft section and the inclined shaft section form an inclined included angle; the cutting cutterhead is rotatably connected to the front part of the rack assembly through a main shaft; the inclined shaft is assembled on the inclined shaft section of the main shaft in an inclined posture; the pumping mechanism is arranged in the rack assembly, and the pumping end of the pumping mechanism is connected with the sand-carrying suspension liquid container; the driving mechanism is arranged on the rack assembly and is in transmission connection with the pumping mechanism; the input end of the jet flow channel is communicated with the pumping-out end of the pumping mechanism, and the jet flow channel is provided with a plurality of output ends which are distributed in the circumferential direction and are arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the cutting cutter head; the cutting cutterhead is detachably mounted on the main shaft and can be assembled on the main shaft at a plurality of different circumferential angle positions; when the cutting cutterhead is assembled on the main shaft, the jet flow channel can supply sand-carrying suspension liquid to part of the output end corresponding to the cutting cutterhead in the forward inclining posture, and edge perforation and hard rock weakening are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hard rock cutting technology, and in particular to an automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism and cutting method. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering fields such as mining and tunneling, hard rock cutting has always been a core challenge restricting construction efficiency and increasing operating costs. Existing cutting equipment mostly uses mechanical cutting to directly act on hard rock. Due to the high strength and wear resistance of hard rock, cutting tools are prone to severe wear and tooth breakage, requiring frequent downtime for tool replacement, extending the construction cycle, and significantly increasing equipment maintenance costs. At the same time, the intense vibrations generated during traditional mechanical cutting can lead to decreased stability of the cutting mechanism, affecting operational safety, and the high energy consumption of cutting operations does not meet the requirements of energy-saving and environmentally friendly engineering development.

[0003] To alleviate the challenges of cutting hard rock, hydraulic jet-assisted cutting technology has emerged as an existing technique. This technique uses high-pressure water jets to pre-weaken the rock, reducing its strength before mechanical cutting. However, most existing jet-assisted devices have a fixed jet direction and cannot adaptively adjust the jet position according to changes in the cutting direction. This results in a mismatch between the jet weakening effect and the cutting requirements, leading to low weakening efficiency. Furthermore, some devices have low integration between the jet channel and the cutting mechanism, resulting in poor sealing performance and high-pressure water leakage, further reducing the reliability of jet-assisted cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: the automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism comprises:

[0005] Rack assembly;

[0006] The main shaft has a straight shaft section and an inclined shaft section; the central axes of the straight shaft section and the inclined shaft section are inclined at an angle α°.

[0007] The cutting head is rotatably connected to the front of the frame assembly via the main shaft; it is mounted on the inclined shaft section of the main shaft in an inclined position.

[0008] The pumping mechanism is located inside the frame assembly, and its pump inlet is connected to the sand-carrying suspension container.

[0009] The drive mechanism is mounted on the frame assembly and is connected to the pumping mechanism via transmission.

[0010] The jet channel has an input end connected to the pumping end of the pumping mechanism and has multiple output ends arranged circumferentially and opened on the outer peripheral wall of the cutting disc.

[0011] The cutting disc is detachably mounted on the main shaft and can be assembled on the main shaft at multiple different circumferential angle positions. When the cutting disc is assembled on the main shaft, the jet channel can supply sand-carrying suspension to the output end of the cutting disc in the forward tilting position, thereby achieving edge perforation and hard rock weakening.

[0012] In some embodiments, the rack assembly includes:

[0013] The front frame and the spindle are rotatably supported in the inner cavity of the front frame by multiple support members;

[0014] The rear frame is connected to the front frame via a connecting flange. The pumping mechanism is installed in the inner cavity of the rear frame, and the outer shell of the pumping mechanism is connected to the connecting flange.

[0015] In some embodiments, the jet channel includes:

[0016] The first main channel is located inside the connecting flange; its input end is connected to the pump outlet end of the pumping mechanism.

[0017] The second main channel is opened axially inside the main shaft; its input end is connected to the first main channel through the first rotary sealing unit.

[0018] Multiple main shaft branch channels are all located inside the main shaft; the input end of each main shaft branch channel is connected to the second main channel.

[0019] The multi-component flow section is located inside the cutting disc and distributed circumferentially, and the output end of each component flow section is located on the outer peripheral wall of the cutting disc.

[0020] Each flow section includes multiple cutter head flow channels, and each cutter head flow channel is equipped with a high-pressure nozzle;

[0021] When the cutting head is assembled in a forward-tilted position, the input end of one of the flow channels in a group of flow sections located in the forward-tilted position of the cutting head is connected to a corresponding second main flow channel through a second rotary sealing unit.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first rotary sealing unit includes a first sealing valve seat embedded in a first main channel and a first sealing guide sleeve communicating with the first sealing valve seat.

[0023] A portion of the first sealing guide sleeve is embedded in the first main channel, and another portion extends to the outside of the connecting flange and forms a rotary sealing interface with the end of the main shaft to connect to the second main channel;

[0024] The second rotary sealing unit includes a second sealing valve seat embedded in the output end of each spindle branch channel, and a second sealing guide sleeve embedded in the input end of each cutter head branch channel;

[0025] When the cutting disc is assembled in a forward-tilted position, one of the second sealing guide sleeves in one of the flow sections in the forward-tilted position is connected to a second sealing valve seat.

[0026] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism is mounted on the pumping mechanism via a rear end cover, and the output shaft of the drive mechanism is connected to the input shaft of the pumping mechanism via a coupling.

[0027] The pumping mechanism is a swashplate axial piston pump, which includes multiple cylinders arranged in a circumferential manner, and a drive mechanism is used to drive the multiple cylinders to rotate.

[0028] The pumping mechanism's pump inlet is connected to the sand-carrying suspension container via a suction pipe, and its pump outlet is connected to the input end of the first main channel via a discharge pipe. Each cylinder periodically connects to the suction pipe and discharge pipe during rotation to continuously pump the sand-carrying suspension.

[0029] The drive mechanism is a hydraulic motor.

[0030] In some embodiments, the inclined shaft section of the main shaft extends into the mounting hole of the cutting disc and is locked and fixed to the cutting disc by a chuck;

[0031] The inclined shaft section of the main shaft fits against the inner peripheral wall of the mounting hole, and a third shoulder is formed on the main shaft to abut and position against the rear end face of the cutting disc.

[0032] In some embodiments, the mounting hole includes a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole communicating with the first mounting hole, wherein the diameter of the first mounting hole is larger than the diameter of the second mounting hole;

[0033] The inclined shaft section of the main shaft extends into the second mounting hole and fits against the inner peripheral wall of the second mounting hole;

[0034] The chuck is housed in the first mounting hole and is detachably connected to the spindle by bolts to press the cutting disc against the third shoulder;

[0035] The outer periphery of the chuck is adapted to the outer periphery of the inner wall of the first mounting hole; the outer periphery of the inner wall of the second mounting hole is adapted to the outer periphery of the inclined shaft section of the spindle.

[0036] In some embodiments, a front cover is connected to the front end face of the front frame, and the spindle passes through the front cover;

[0037] Multiple support components include a front bearing and a rear bearing; the spindle has a first shoulder and a second shoulder;

[0038] The outer ring end face of the front bearing abuts against the inner wall of the front end cover, and the inner ring end face abuts against the first shoulder.

[0039] The outer ring end face of the rear bearing abuts against the connecting flange, and the inner ring end face abuts against the second shaft shoulder;

[0040] Both the front and rear bearings are tapered roller bearings.

[0041] In some embodiments, a sealing ring is provided between the spindle and the front end cover to achieve a seal between the spindle and the front end cover.

[0042] This application also provides a method for automatically oriented edge perforation and cutting of hard rock weakened cutting structures, including the following steps:

[0043] Step S1: Install the cutting disc onto the inclined shaft section of the main shaft, so that it is installed on the main shaft in a forward tilted position, and lock and position the cutting disc using a chuck;

[0044] Step S2: Start the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism drives the pumping mechanism to rotate, drawing the sand-carrying suspension from the sand-carrying suspension container into each cylinder through the suction pipe, and injecting it into the first main channel in the connecting flange through the discharge pipe. The first rotary sealing unit ensures that there is no leakage when the high-pressure water flows from the connecting flange into the second main channel in the main shaft. The sand-carrying suspension flows sequentially through the jet nozzles in the second main channel, the main shaft branch channel, and the cutter head branch channel, and then sprays out from the outside of the cutting cutter head to form an edge jet, forming perforations on the coal and rock to be cut.

[0045] Step S3: The cutting machine body drives the cutting disc to contact the coal and rock surface. Based on the inclined angle, the cutting disc and the coal and rock surface always maintain a forward-leaning blade posture to cut the coal and rock. When the cutting mechanism cuts upward, the upper part of the cutting disc is in a forward-leaning posture. When the cutting mechanism cuts downward, the cutting disc contacts the lower rock mass, causing the main shaft to drive the cutting disc to rotate, so that the lower part of the cutting disc is in a forward-leaning posture. When the cutting mechanism cuts to the left, the cutting disc contacts the left rock mass, causing the main shaft to drive the cutting disc to rotate, so that the left part of the cutting disc is in a forward-leaning posture. When the cutting mechanism cuts to the right, the cutting disc contacts the right rock mass, causing the main shaft to drive the cutting disc to rotate, so that the right part of the cutting disc is in a forward-leaning posture.

[0046] When the cutting edge of the cutting head is severely worn in a forward-tilted position, remove the chuck and cutting head, rotate the cutting head at a certain angle, and then install it on the spindle for continued use, so that the unworn edge can continue cutting.

[0047] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention, through a circumferentially adjustable cutting disc and a corresponding jet channel connection structure, can automatically adjust the jet output position according to changes in the cutting direction, ensuring precise matching of jet weakening to cutting requirements, significantly improving hard rock weakening efficiency, and solving the problem of poor weakening effect in existing fixed jet direction devices, achieving adaptive adjustment of jet direction. The jet channel is highly integrated with the frame assembly, main shaft, and cutting disc, and a rotary sealing unit ensures sealing performance, effectively preventing leakage of high-pressure sand-carrying suspension, overcoming the defects of low integration and poor sealing in existing devices, and improving the reliability of jet-assisted cutting. The cutting disc is detachable and circumferentially adjustable; after wear, it only needs to be rotated and adjusted to continue use without overall replacement, reducing resource waste. Simultaneously, the forward tilt posture can be adapted to different cutting conditions by adjusting the disc assembly angle, adapting to complex hard rock cutting scenarios, reducing operating costs and improving adaptability. By optimizing the overall efficiency of cutting operations and combining directional perforation weakening with forward tilting cutting, the resistance of hard rock cutting is significantly reduced, tool wear and equipment vibration are reduced, and the stability and safety of operations are improved. At the same time, cutting energy consumption is reduced, which meets the engineering development needs of energy conservation and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 2 An exploded view of the spindle and cutting head provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another cutting disc structure provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the front frame and the spindle provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural adaptation of the outer periphery of the chuck to the inner periphery of the first mounting hole, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first rotary sealing unit in its installation state, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the second rotary sealing unit in the installation state provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0056] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0057] 1. Frame assembly; 11. Front frame; 12. Rear frame; 13. Connecting flange; 14. Front cover; 15. Sealing ring; 16. Rear cover;

[0058] 2. Cutting disc; 21. First mounting hole; 22. Second mounting hole; 23. Chuck; 24. High-pressure nozzle;

[0059] 3. Spindle; 31. First shoulder; 32. Second shoulder; 33. Third shoulder;

[0060] 4. Pumping mechanism; 41. Cylinder block; 42. Swashplate; 43. Input shaft;

[0061] 5. Drive mechanism;

[0062] 7. Support components; 71. Front bearing; 72. Rear bearing;

[0063] 81. First rotary sealing unit; 811. First sealing valve seat; 812. First sealing guide sleeve;

[0064] 82. Second rotary sealing unit; 821. Second sealing valve seat; 822. Second sealing guide sleeve;

[0065] S1, First main flow channel; S2, Second main flow channel; S3, Main shaft branch channel; S4, Branch section;

[0066] a. Discharge pipeline; b. Suction pipeline; c. Coupling; d. Sand-carrying suspension container. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0068] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0069] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0070] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the spindle 3 and the cutting disc 2 provided in an embodiment of this application. The cutting mechanism includes: a frame assembly 1, a cutting disc 2, a spindle 3, a pumping mechanism 4, a drive mechanism 5, and a jet channel.

[0071] The spindle 3 has a straight shaft section and an inclined shaft section. The central axes of the straight shaft section and the inclined shaft section are inclined at an angle α°. For example, the angle α between the central axes of the straight shaft section and the inclined shaft section can be 5° to 15°.

[0072] The cutting head 2 is rotatably connected to the front of the frame assembly 1 via the main shaft 3. The cutting head 2 is mounted on the inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 in an inclined position, and the center line of the cutting head 2 is collinear with the axis of the inclined shaft section.

[0073] The pumping mechanism 4 is located inside the frame assembly 1, and its pump inlet is connected to the sand-carrying suspension container d.

[0074] The drive mechanism 5 is mounted on the frame assembly 1 and is connected to the pumping mechanism 4 via a transmission connection. Specifically, the output shaft of the drive mechanism 5 can be connected to the input shaft of the pumping mechanism 4 via a coupling.

[0075] The pumping mechanism 4 is located within the frame assembly 1. The pump inlet of the pumping mechanism 4 is connected to the sand-carrying suspension container d, and the pump outlet of the pumping mechanism 4 is connected to the input end of the jet channel. The jet channel has multiple output ends arranged circumferentially and located on the outer peripheral wall of the cutting disc 2.

[0076] In some examples, the solution in the sand-carrying suspension container d contains fine abrasive particles, such as olivine, garnet, and quartz sand, which are uniformly mixed in proportion.

[0077] The cutting disc 2 is detachably mounted on the main shaft 3 and can be assembled on the main shaft 3 at multiple different circumferential angle positions. When the cutting disc 2 is assembled on the main shaft 3, the jet channel can supply sand-carrying suspension to the output end corresponding to the cutting disc 2 in the forward tilting posture, realizing automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening.

[0078] It is worth noting that when the cutting machine body drives the cutting mechanism to cut upwards, the upper part of the cutting disc 2 tilts forward; when the cutting machine body drives the cutting mechanism to cut downwards, the main shaft 3 rotates to tilt the lower part of the cutting disc 2 forward. When the cutting machine body drives the cutting mechanism to cut to the left, the main shaft 3 rotates to tilt the left part of the cutting disc 2 forward. When the cutting machine body drives the cutting mechanism to cut to the right, the main shaft 3 rotates to tilt the right part of the cutting disc 2 forward.

[0079] In this way, the embodiment of this application, through the design of setting an inclined angle between the axis of the main shaft 3 and the disc plane of the cutting disc 2, enables the cutting disc 2 to form a forward-tilting cutting posture. With the selective feeding of the output end corresponding to the forward-tilting posture by the jet channel, it can accurately achieve automatic directional edge perforation, which can effectively weaken hard rock structures, reduce subsequent cutting resistance, and improve cutting efficiency. At the same time, the cutting disc 2 is detachable and can be assembled to the main shaft 3 at multiple different circumferential angles. This allows the unworn edge to be reused after the cutting edge of the cutting disc 2 in the forward-tilting posture is worn, by adjusting the assembly angle, without the need to replace the entire disc. This significantly extends the service life of the cutting disc 2 and reduces the equipment use and maintenance costs.

[0080] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another cutting disc 2 provided for embodiments of this application. In some embodiments, the cutting disc 2 can be a one-piece molded part. In other embodiments, the cutting disc 2 can include a cutter ring mounted on the inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 and a cutting edge mounted on the outer peripheral edge of the cutter ring. The cutting edge can be disassembled separately. When the cutting edge is worn, the cutting disc 2 can be maintained by replacing the cutting edge, saving replacement costs.

[0081] Please see Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the front frame 11 and the spindle 3 provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, the frame assembly 1 may include a front frame 11, a rear frame 12, and a connecting flange 13.

[0082] The main shaft 3 is rotatably supported in the inner cavity of the front frame 11 by multiple support members 7. The rear frame 12 is connected to the front frame 11 by a connecting flange 13. The pumping mechanism 4 is installed in the inner cavity of the rear frame 12, and the housing of the pumping mechanism 4 is connected to the connecting flange 13.

[0083] In this way, the front frame 11 and the rear frame 12 are connected via the connecting flange 13, forming a modular structure that facilitates the individual installation, inspection, and maintenance of each component. For example, the bearings supporting the main shaft 3 and the pumping mechanism 4 can be operated separately, improving maintenance convenience. The main shaft 3 is rotatably supported in the inner cavity of the front frame 11 by multiple bearings, which effectively improves the stability of the main shaft 3 during rotation, reduces vibration, and ensures the smoothness of the cutting operation. The pumping mechanism 4 is installed in the inner cavity of the rear frame 12, and its outer shell is connected to the connecting flange 13, making the installation of the pumping mechanism 4 more secure and preventing displacement due to vibration during operation, thus ensuring the stability of transmission and sand suspension pumping.

[0084] Please continue reading. Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the front end face of the front frame 11 is connected to a front end cover 14, and the spindle 3 passes through the front end cover 14.

[0085] Multiple support members 7 may include a front bearing 71 and a rear bearing 72, and the main shaft 3 has a first shoulder 31 and a second shoulder 32. Exemplarily, both the front bearing 71 and the rear bearing 72 are tapered roller bearings.

[0086] The outer ring end face of the front bearing 71 abuts against the inner wall of the front end cover 14, and the inner ring end face abuts against the first shoulder 31. The outer ring end face of the rear bearing 72 abuts against the connecting flange 13, and the inner ring end face abuts against the second shoulder 32.

[0087] In this way, by setting a front cover 14 on the front end face of the front frame 11, the bearings and other components inside the front frame 11 can be protected, preventing dust, rock chips and other impurities from entering and extending the service life of the bearings. The front bearing 71 and the rear bearing 72 are axially positioned by the contact between the inner wall of the front cover 14 and the first shoulder 31, and the connecting flange 13 and the second shoulder 32, respectively, ensuring the accurate installation position of the support 7 and preventing axial movement during the rotation of the main shaft 3. Tapered roller bearings are selected as the front bearing 71 and the rear bearing 72. Tapered roller bearings can bear both radial and axial loads at the same time, which is suitable for the working condition of the main shaft 3 bearing a compound load during the cutting operation, further improving the stability of the rotation of the main shaft 3 and ensuring the smooth and reliable cutting operation.

[0088] In some embodiments, a sealing ring 15 is provided between the spindle 3 and the front cover 14 to achieve a seal between the spindle 3 and the front cover 14.

[0089] In this way, by setting a sealing ring 15 between the main shaft 3 and the front cover 14, a seal can be achieved between the main shaft 3 and the front cover 14, effectively preventing external dust, rock chips and moisture and other impurities from entering the inner cavity of the front frame 11, avoiding wear of rotating parts such as the support 7 by impurities, and extending the service life of the parts; at the same time, the sealing design will not affect the normal rotation of the main shaft 3, ensuring the continuity and stability of the cutting operation, and reducing the equipment failure rate and maintenance costs.

[0090] Please continue reading. Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 extends into the mounting hole of the cutting disc 2 and is locked and fixed to the cutting disc 2 by a chuck 23. The inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 fits against the inner peripheral wall of the mounting hole, and a third shoulder 33 is formed on the main shaft 3 to abut and position against the rear end face of the cutting disc 2.

[0091] In this way, the design of the inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 extending into the mounting hole of the cutting disc 2 and fitting against the inner circumferential wall of the mounting hole achieves precise positioning between the main shaft 3 and the cutting disc 2, ensuring the coaxiality of the two after assembly and reducing vibration caused by assembly deviation during the cutting process. The abutment positioning between the third shoulder 33 on the main shaft 3 and the rear end face of the cutting disc 2 further improves the assembly positioning accuracy of the cutting disc 2 and ensures the accuracy of its forward tilting posture; the chuck 23 achieves locking and fixing of the main shaft 3 and the cutting disc 2, which is reliable and easy to disassemble. It not only ensures the stability of the connection between the two during the cutting operation, but also provides convenience for subsequent adjustment of the assembly angle of the cutting disc 2, adapting to the need for multi-angle reuse of the disc.

[0092] In some examples, the mounting hole may include a first mounting hole 21 and a second mounting hole 22 communicating with the first mounting hole 21, and the diameter of the first mounting hole 21 is larger than the diameter of the second mounting hole 22.

[0093] The inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 extends into the second mounting hole 22 and fits against the inner peripheral wall of the second mounting hole 22.

[0094] The chuck 23 is housed in the first mounting hole 21 and is detachably connected to the spindle 3 by bolts to press the cutting disc 2 against the third shoulder 33.

[0095] The outer periphery of the chuck 23 is adapted to the outer periphery of the inner wall of the first mounting hole 21; the outer periphery of the inner wall of the second mounting hole 22 is adapted to the outer periphery of the inclined shaft section of the spindle 3. Please refer back to the previous section. Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the structure of a mounting hole. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates another type of mounting hole structure, where the inclined shaft segment of the main spindle 3 can be a shaft segment with a shoulder or a smooth shaft. The specific shape of the inclined shaft segment is not limited here, as long as it can be assembled with the cutting disc 2. For example, the inner circumferential contour of the second mounting hole 22 can also be circular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, or other irregular shapes, and the shape of the inclined shaft segment can be circular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, or other irregular shapes.

[0096] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the outer periphery of the chuck 23 and the inner periphery of the first mounting hole 21 are adapted to each other, according to an embodiment of this application. For example, the inner periphery of the first mounting hole 21 can be a circle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon or other irregular shape. Therefore, the outer periphery of the chuck 23 can also be a circle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon or other irregular shape.

[0097] In this way, by designing the mounting holes of the cutting disc 2 as a first mounting hole 21 and a second mounting hole 22 with different diameters, a stepped structure is formed. The second mounting hole 22 fits precisely with the inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3, while the first mounting hole 21 is used to accommodate the chuck. This allows the installation of the chuck 23 to not occupy extra space, making the overall assembly more compact. The chuck 23 is detachably connected to the main shaft 3 by bolts, further improving the convenience of disassembly and assembly, and facilitating quick adjustment of the circumferential angle of the cutting disc 2. The design of the chuck's outer circumferential contour matching the inner circumferential wall of the first mounting hole 21 and the inner circumferential wall of the second mounting hole 22 matching the outer circumferential contour of the inclined shaft section of the main shaft 3 ensures the fitting accuracy between the components, improves assembly stability, avoids relative displacement during cutting, and ensures the accuracy of cutting and perforation.

[0098] Please return to the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the jet channel includes a first main flow channel S1, a second main flow channel S2, a spindle branch flow channel S3, and multiple branch flow sections S4. Each branch flow section S4 includes multiple cutter head branch flow channels, and each cutter head branch flow channel is equipped with a high-pressure nozzle 24.

[0099] The first main channel S1 is located inside the connecting flange 13; its input end is connected to the pumping end of the pumping mechanism 4.

[0100] The second main flow channel S2 is axially formed within the main shaft 3. The input end of the second main flow channel S2 is connected to the first main flow channel S1 via the first rotary sealing unit 81. Multiple main shaft branch channels S3 are also formed within the main shaft 3. The input end of each main shaft branch channel S3 is connected to the second main flow channel S2.

[0101] The multi-component flow section S4 is opened inside the cutting disc 2 and distributed circumferentially, and the output end of each flow section S4 is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the cutting disc 2.

[0102] When the cutting disc 2 is assembled in a forward tilted position, the input end of one of the disc flow channels in a group of flow sections S4 located in the forward tilted position of the cutting disc 2 is connected to a second main flow channel S2 through a second rotary sealing unit 82.

[0103] In this way, by opening the first main channel S1 within the connecting flange 13 and the second main channel S2 axially within the main shaft 3, the use of external pipelines is reduced, lowering the risk of pipeline leakage, while making the overall structure more compact. The distribution design of multiple main shaft branch channels S3 and multiple branch sections S4, combined with the selective communication function of the second rotary sealing unit 82, ensures that when the cutting disc 2 is tilted forward, the sand-carrying suspension is precisely delivered only to the corresponding branch channel of the disc, ensuring the directional perforation effect. The high-pressure nozzles 24 installed in each disc branch channel enhance the injection pressure and impact force of the sand-carrying suspension, further improving the hard rock perforation weakening effect and ensuring efficient cutting.

[0104] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first rotary sealing unit 81 in its installation state according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the second rotary sealing unit 82 provided in an embodiment of this application. In some examples, the first rotary sealing unit 81 includes a first sealing valve seat 811 embedded in the first main channel S1, and a first sealing guide sleeve 812 communicating with the first sealing valve seat 811.

[0105] A portion of the first sealing guide sleeve 812 is embedded in the first main channel S1, and another portion extends to the outside of the connecting flange 13 and forms a rotary sealing interface with the end of the main shaft 3 to connect to the second main channel S2.

[0106] Furthermore, the second rotary sealing unit 82 includes a second sealing valve seat 821 embedded in the output end of each spindle branch channel S3, and a second sealing guide sleeve 822 embedded in the input end of each cutter head branch channel.

[0107] When the cutting disc 2 is assembled in a forward tilting posture, a second sealing guide sleeve 822 in a group of flow sections S4 in the forward tilting posture is connected to a second sealing valve seat 821.

[0108] In this way, by setting up the combined structure of the first sealing valve seat 811 and the first sealing guide sleeve 812, the seal between the fixed component, i.e., the connecting flange 13, and the rotating component spindle 3 is achieved. This effectively prevents leakage of the high-pressure sand-carrying suspension during the transmission process of the first main channel S1 and the second main channel S2, ensuring the transmission efficiency and pressure stability of the sand-carrying suspension. The second rotary sealing unit 82 sets a second sealing valve seat 821 at the output end of each spindle branch channel and a second sealing guide sleeve 822 at the input end of each cutter head branch channel. The corresponding second sealing guide sleeve 822 and the second sealing valve seat 821 are connected only when the cutting cutter head 2 is tilted forward. This not only ensures the sealed transmission of the sand-carrying suspension in the working state, but also provides a structural basis for the precise reconnection after the cutting cutter head 2 adjusts the circumferential assembly angle, ensuring that directional perforation can still be stably achieved after the angle adjustment.

[0109] Please return to the reference. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the drive mechanism 5 is mounted on the pumping mechanism 4 via a rear end cover 51, and the output shaft of the drive mechanism 5 is connected to the input shaft of the pumping mechanism 4 via a coupling c.

[0110] The pumping mechanism 4 includes a housing, a swashplate 42, multiple cylinders 41 arranged in a circumferential manner, and an input shaft 43. The multiple cylinders 41 are all mounted on the working surface of the swashplate 42. The input shaft 43 passes through the swashplate 42. The first end of the input shaft is connected to the drive mechanism 5 through a coupling, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the housing through a bearing.

[0111] The drive mechanism 5 drives the input shaft 43 to rotate, which in turn drives the swashplate 42 to rotate, which in turn drives multiple cylinders 41 to rotate. The pump outlet is connected to the input end of the first main channel S1 through the discharge pipe a; each cylinder 41 is periodically connected to the suction pipe b and the discharge pipe a during rotation to continuously pump the sand-carrying suspension.

[0112] Specifically, the pumping end of the pumping mechanism 4 is connected to the sand-carrying suspension container d through the suction pipe b. During the rotation of multiple cylinders 41 driven by the swash plate, each cylinder 41 will connect to the suction pipe b once per revolution. The inside of the sand-carrying suspension container d is a high-pressure environment. Each cylinder 41 can automatically suck the sand-carrying suspension into its cavity under high pressure. As the swash plate 42 rotates, each cylinder 41 will connect to the discharge pipe a once per revolution. At this time, the cylinder 41 changes from a high-pressure environment to a low-pressure environment. The sand-carrying suspension in each cylinder 41 will be pushed out of the cavity by its piston rod and discharged into the discharge pipe a.

[0113] For example, the drive mechanism 5 can be a hydraulic motor, and the pumping mechanism 4 can be a swashplate axial piston pump.

[0114] In this way, the drive mechanism 5 is mounted on the pumping mechanism 4 via the rear end cover 16, and is connected to the input shaft 43 of the pumping mechanism 4 via the coupling c. This makes the connection between the drive mechanism 5 and the pumping mechanism 4 more compact, reduces the installation space occupied, and improves the transmission efficiency. A swashplate axial piston pump is selected as the pumping mechanism, which has the characteristics of high pressure, large flow and continuous delivery, and can meet the high pressure sand-carrying suspension supply requirements for hard rock weakening. The drive mechanism 5 uses a hydraulic motor, which has the advantages of large output torque and strong resistance to load impact, and can adapt to the power requirements under complex hard rock cutting conditions. Multiple circumferentially arranged cylinders 41 are periodically connected to the suction pipe b and the discharge pipe a, which can realize the continuous and stable pumping of sand-carrying suspension, ensure the continuity of directional perforation operation, and avoid the weakening effect due to the interruption of sand-carrying suspension supply.

[0115] Please combine Figures 1 to 7 The following is an example illustration of a cutting method applied to an automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism provided by an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps:

[0116] Step S1: Adjust the circumferential assembly angle of the cutting disc 2 so that it is mounted on the spindle 3 in a forward tilted position and locked and positioned by the chuck 23;

[0117] Step S2: Start the drive mechanism 5. The drive mechanism 5 drives the pumping mechanism 4 to rotate, drawing the sand-carrying suspension from the sand-carrying suspension container d through the suction pipe b into each cylinder 41, and injecting it into the first main channel S1131 in the connecting flange 13 through the discharge pipe a. The first rotary sealing unit 81 ensures that there is no leakage when the high-pressure water flows from the connecting flange 13 into the second main channel S2 in the main shaft 3. The sand-carrying suspension flows sequentially through the first main channel S1131, the second main channel S2, the main shaft branch channel S3, and the jet nozzle 211 in the cutter head branch channel, and then sprays out to the outside of the cutting cutter head 2 to form an edge jet, forming perforations on the coal and rock to be cut. The second rotary sealing unit 82 ensures that there is no leakage when the high-pressure water flows from the main shaft 3 into the cutting cutter head 2.

[0118] Step S3: The cutting machine body drives the cutting disc 2 to contact the coal and rock surface. Based on the inclined angle, the cutting disc 2 maintains a forward-leaning blade position to cut the coal and rock. When the cutting edge of the cutting disc 2 in its forward-leaning position is severely worn, the chuck 23 and the cutting disc 2 are removed. After the cutting disc 2 is rotated at a certain angle, it is installed on the main shaft 3 for continued use, allowing the unworn edge to continue cutting. Specifically, the frame assembly 1 drives the cutting mechanism to cut upwards, with the upper part of the cutting disc 2 tilted forward; when the cutting mechanism cuts downwards, the cutting disc 2 contacts the lower rock mass, causing the main shaft 3 to rotate the cutting disc 2, so that the lower part of the cutting disc 2 is tilted forward; when the cutting mechanism cuts to the left, the cutting disc 2 contacts the left rock mass, causing the main shaft 3 to rotate the cutting disc 2, so that the left part of the cutting disc 2 is tilted forward; when the cutting mechanism cuts to the right, the cutting disc 2 contacts the right rock mass, causing the main shaft 3 to rotate the cutting disc 2, so that the right part of the cutting disc 2 is tilted forward.

[0119] This cutting method closely adapts to the structural characteristics of the aforementioned cutting mechanism. By adjusting and locking the circumferential assembly angle of the cutting disc 2 in step S1, it ensures that the cutting disc 2 can accurately maintain a forward tilting posture, laying the foundation for directional perforation and efficient cutting. In step S2, the transmission path of the sand-carrying suspension, combined with the sealing guarantee of the first rotary sealing unit 81, ensures the stable delivery of the high-pressure sand-carrying suspension and the formation of an edge jet, accurately forming perforations on the coal and rock to weaken hard rock. In step S3, the forward tilting posture of the cutting disc 2 is used to achieve smooth cutting. At the same time, the operation process of adjusting the disc angle for reuse after wear is clarified, making disc reuse more standardized and convenient, effectively improving work efficiency, reducing maintenance costs, and ensuring the continuity of cutting operations.

[0120] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening and cutting mechanism, characterized in that, include: Rack assembly (1); The main shaft (3) has a straight shaft section and an inclined shaft section; the central axes of the straight shaft section and the inclined shaft section are inclined at an angle α°. The cutting head (2) is rotatably connected to the front of the frame assembly (1) via the main shaft (3); It is mounted on the inclined shaft section of the main shaft (3) in an inclined posture; The pumping mechanism (4) is located inside the frame assembly (1), and its pump inlet is connected to the sand-carrying suspension container (d). The drive mechanism (5) is mounted on the frame assembly (1) and is connected to the pumping mechanism (4) in a transmission manner; The jet channel has an input end connected to the pumping end of the pumping mechanism (4) and has multiple output ends arranged circumferentially and opened on the outer peripheral wall of the cutting disc (2). The cutting disc (2) is detachably mounted on the main shaft (3) and can be assembled on the main shaft (3) at multiple different circumferential angle positions. When the cutting disc (2) is assembled on the main shaft (3), the jet channel can supply sand-carrying suspension to the output end of the cutting disc (2) in the forward tilting posture, thereby achieving edge perforation and hard rock weakening.

2. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rack assembly (1) includes: The front frame (11) is provided with the main shaft (3) rotatably supported in the cavity of the front frame (11) by a plurality of support members (7); The rear frame (12) is connected to the front frame (11) via a connecting flange (13). The pumping mechanism (4) is installed in the inner cavity of the rear frame (12), and the outer shell of the pumping mechanism (4) is connected to the connecting flange (13).

3. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end face of the front frame (11) is connected to the front end cover (14), and the straight shaft section of the main shaft (3) passes through the front end cover (14). The plurality of said support members (7) include a front bearing (71) and a rear bearing (72); the main shaft (3) has a first shoulder (31) and a second shoulder (32); The outer ring end face of the front bearing (71) abuts against the inner wall of the front end cover (14), and the inner ring end face abuts against the first shaft shoulder (31); The outer ring end face of the rear bearing (72) abuts against the connecting flange (13), and the inner ring end face abuts against the second shaft shoulder (32); Both the front bearing (71) and the rear bearing (72) are tapered roller bearings.

4. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening and cutting mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, A sealing ring (15) is provided between the main shaft (3) and the front end cover (14) to achieve a seal between the main shaft (3) and the front end cover (14).

5. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inclined shaft section of the main shaft (3) extends into the mounting hole of the cutting disc (2) and is locked and fixed to the cutting disc (2) by the chuck (23); The inclined shaft section of the main shaft (3) is in close contact with the inner peripheral wall of the mounting hole, and a third shoulder (33) is formed on the main shaft (3) to abut and position against the rear end face of the cutting disc (2).

6. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mounting hole includes a first mounting hole (21) and a second mounting hole (22) communicating with the first mounting hole (21), and the diameter of the first mounting hole (21) is larger than the diameter of the second mounting hole (22); The inclined shaft section of the main shaft (3) extends into the second mounting hole (22) and fits against the inner peripheral wall of the second mounting hole (22); The chuck (23) is housed in the first mounting hole (21) and is detachably connected to the main shaft (3) by bolts to press the cutting disc (2) against the third shoulder (33). The outer periphery of the chuck (23) is adapted to the outer periphery of the inner wall of the first mounting hole (21); the outer periphery of the inner wall of the second mounting hole (22) is adapted to the outer periphery of the inclined shaft section of the main shaft (3).

7. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The jet channel includes: The first main channel (S1) is located inside the connecting flange (13), and its input end is connected to the pumping end of the pumping mechanism (4). The second main channel (S2) is opened axially inside the main shaft (3), and its input end is connected to the first main channel (S1) through the first rotary sealing unit (81); Multiple main shaft branch channels (S3) are all opened inside the main shaft (3), and the input end of each main shaft branch channel (S3) is connected to the second main channel (S2); Multiple flow dividers (S4) are formed inside the cutting disc (2) and distributed circumferentially, and the output end of each flow divider (S4) is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cutting disc (2); Each of the flow dividers (S4) includes multiple cutter head flow channels, and each cutter head flow channel is equipped with a high-pressure nozzle (24). When the cutting disc (2) is assembled in a forward tilting posture, the input end of a disc flow channel in a group of flow sections (S4) located in the forward tilting posture of the cutting disc (2) is connected to a main shaft flow channel (S3) through a second rotary sealing unit (82).

8. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first rotary sealing unit (81) includes a first sealing valve seat (811) embedded in the first main channel (S1) and a first sealing guide sleeve (812) communicating with the first sealing valve seat (811). A portion of the first sealing guide sleeve (812) is embedded in the first main channel (S1), and another portion extends to the inside of the connecting flange (13) and forms a rotary sealing interface with the end of the main shaft (3) to connect the second main channel (S2). The second rotary sealing unit (82) includes a second sealing valve seat (821) embedded in the output end of each spindle flow channel (S3), and a second sealing guide sleeve (822) embedded in the input end of each cutter head flow channel. When the cutting disc (2) is assembled in a forward tilting posture, one of the second sealing guide sleeves (822) in a group of diversion sections (S4) in the forward tilting posture is connected to one of the second sealing valve seats (821).

9. The automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (5) is mounted on the pumping mechanism (4) via the rear end cover (51), and the output shaft of the drive mechanism (5) is coaxially connected to the input shaft of the pumping mechanism (4) via a coupling (c). The pumping mechanism (4) is a swashplate axial piston pump, which includes multiple cylinders (41) arranged in a circumferential manner. The driving mechanism (5) is used to drive the multiple cylinders (41) to rotate. The pumping mechanism (4) has its pump inlet end connected to the sand-carrying suspension container (d) via the suction pipe (b) and its pump outlet end connected to the input end of the first main channel (S1) via the discharge pipe (a). Each cylinder (41) is periodically connected to the suction pipe (b) and the discharge pipe (a) during rotation to continuously pump the sand-carrying suspension. The drive mechanism (5) is a hydraulic motor.

10. A cutting method for an automatic directional edge perforation and hard rock weakening cutting mechanism, characterized in that, The cutting mechanism described in any one of claims 1-9 comprises the following steps: Step S1: Install the cutting disc (2) onto the inclined shaft section of the main shaft (3) so that it is installed on the main shaft (3) in a forward tilted position, and lock and position the cutting disc (2) by means of chuck (23); Step S2: Start the drive mechanism (5), drive the pumping mechanism (4) to rotate, and suck the sand-carrying suspension from the sand-carrying suspension container (d) through the suction pipe (b) into each cylinder (41), and inject it into the first main channel (S1) in the connecting flange (13) through the discharge pipe (a); the first rotary sealing unit (81) ensures that there is no leakage when the high pressure water flows from the connecting flange (13) into the second main channel (S2) in the main shaft (3), the sand-carrying suspension flows through the second main channel (S2), the main shaft branch channel (S3), and the high pressure nozzle (24) in the cutter head branch channel in sequence, and then sprays out from the outside of the cutting cutter head (2) to form an edge jet, forming a perforation on the coal and rock to be cut; Step S3: The frame assembly (1) drives the cutting mechanism to cut upwards, and the upper part of the cutting disc (2) is in a forward tilting posture; the cutting mechanism is driven to cut downwards, and the cutting disc (2) contacts the lower rock mass, causing the main shaft (3) to drive the cutting disc (2) to rotate, so that the lower part of the cutting disc (2) is in a forward tilting posture; when the cutting mechanism is driven to cut to the left, the cutting disc (2) contacts the left rock mass, causing the main shaft (3) to drive the cutting disc (2) to rotate, so that the left part of the cutting disc (2) is in a forward tilting posture; when the cutting mechanism is driven to cut to the right, the cutting disc (2) contacts the right rock mass, causing the main shaft (3) to drive the cutting disc (2) to rotate, so that the right part of the cutting disc (2) is in a forward tilting posture; When the cutting edge of the cutting disc (2) is severely worn in the forward tilting posture, remove the chuck (23) and the cutting disc (2), rotate the cutting disc (2) by a preset circumferential angle and install it on the spindle (3) for continued use, so that the unworn edge can continue to cut.

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