Method for producing granular material
By using melt extrusion equipment and degassing cooling technology, the environmental problems in the preparation of recycled polyamide 6 granular materials have been solved, and efficient and sustainable utilization of recycled materials has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies make it difficult to effectively utilize recycled materials to prepare polyamide 6 granular materials, and they also have a significant environmental impact.
The recycled polyamide 6 waste is melted and shaped using melt extrusion equipment, and combined with degassing and cooling steps to prepare granular materials, thereby reducing the environmental impact.
The efficient preparation of polyamide 6 granular materials based on recycled materials has been achieved, reducing negative environmental impacts and meeting the requirements of sustainable development.
Smart Images
Figure CN121773016A_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing a granular material containing polyamide 6. Further, this invention relates to a granular material containing polyamide 6. Additionally, this invention relates to an apparatus for preparing a granular material containing polyamide 6. Furthermore, this invention relates to the use of granular materials containing polyamide 6 for preparing a flow containing purified ε-caprolactam. CPL The purpose, or relates to a method for using granular material M G Preparation of a stream containing purified ε-caprolactam CPL The method. Furthermore, the present invention relates to S. CPL Used for the preparation of one or more polymers and polymer products, or relating to a method of using S CPL A method for preparing one or more polymers and polymer products. The method and apparatus according to the invention can be used, for example, in the field of particle manufacturing, such as for manufacturing particles as intermediate products, to further prepare polymers and / or polymer products.
[0002] In the manufacture of polymer products, and therefore also in the manufacture of intermediate products such as particles containing polyamide 6, it is becoming increasingly important to use and produce sustainable materials that have the least impact on the environment. Therefore, in general, it is desirable to reduce or even eliminate the use of new virgin polyamide 6 materials in the manufacture of particles containing polyamide 6.
[0003] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide methods and apparatus for solving the above-mentioned challenges. Specifically, methods and apparatus that allow the use of recycled materials to prepare granular materials containing polyamide 6 should be disclosed.
[0004] Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for preparing granular material M containing polyamide 6. G The method comprises the steps as set forth in the independent claims and listed below. The method steps may be performed in a given order. However, other orders of the method steps are possible. Furthermore, one or more of the method steps may be performed in parallel and / or in a time-overlapping manner. Furthermore, one or more of the method steps may be performed repeatedly. The method may include additional method steps besides those mentioned.
[0005] M is used to prepare granular materials containing polyamide 6. G The method includes the following steps:
[0006] (i) Providing a solid particulate material M containing polyamide 6 P ;
[0007] (ii) The material M provided in (i) P The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E via at least one material feeding device F1, wherein E includes...
[0008] (a) At least one material receiving component R E The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device F1. P And used to transfer M P Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0009] (b) Melting and conveying space S E This melting and conveying space is used to make M P The polyamide 6 contained therein is melted and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E Via preferably a rotary conveying member C M Conveyed to at least one forming orifice O E S E Having a length L SE ;
[0010] (c) At least one forming orifice O E The at least one shaped orifice is used by M E Form at least one strip;
[0011] (d) At least one degassing component G E The at least one degassing component is used to remove S E At least a portion of the gas phase present in it;
[0012] (e) Heating component H E The heating element is used in S E The process provides melting conditions for polyamide 6;
[0013] (iii) In S E Material M P Exposed to polyamide 6 melting conditions, in S E To obtain a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6. E And in S E Further obtaining material M P The gas phase of one or more gaseous decomposition products, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T. M ;
[0014] (iv) via the at least one degassing component G E From S E Remove at least a portion of the gas phase obtained according to (iii);
[0015] (v) via the at least one forming orifice O E Remove the at least one strip from E, the at least one strip having a temperature T. ST S ≤ T M ;
[0016] (vi) Optionally, the at least one strip removed from E according to (v) is subjected to cooling to obtain a strip with a temperature T. C At least one cooled strip, wherein T C < T S ;
[0017] (vii) subjecting the at least one optionally cooled strip to granulation to obtain the granular material M. G .
[0018] Preferably, M P Contains waste. More preferably, M P It includes one or more of textile waste and engineering plastic waste. More preferably, M P Includes textile waste. More preferably, M P It consists of waste materials. The waste materials are preferably post-consumer or post-industrial materials. Examples include fishing nets and carpet waste.
[0019] Preferably, M P It is in one or more forms, including fibers, filaments, granules, and fragments. More preferably, M P It resembles the shape of popcorn.
[0020] Preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 20,000 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 2, 100, and 100 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range from 1 to 10000 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 100, and 100 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range from 1 to 6000 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 50, and 120 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 1200 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 20, and 60 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 800 mm.3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 10, and 80 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 600 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 5, and 120 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 400 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 20, and 20 mm, or into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 10, and 40 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 120 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 2, and 60 mm, or into cuboids with side lengths of 2, 2, and 30 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 80 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 1, and 80 mm, or into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 2, and 40 mm. More preferably, M P The particles independently possess a range of 1 to 40 mm. 3 The volume within the range. More preferably, M P The particles are independently assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 2, and 20 mm, or into cuboids with side lengths of 1, 1, and 40 mm.
[0021] Preferably, M P With M-based P The total weight of the water content is in the range of 0 to 10% by weight. More preferably, M P With M-based P The total weight of the water content is in the range of 0 to 8% by weight. More preferably, M P With M-based P The total weight of the water content is in the range of 0 to 6% by weight.
[0022] Preferably, 30 to 100 wt% of M P Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 50 to 100 wt% of M P Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 60 to 100 wt% of MP It is composed of polyamide 6.
[0023] Preferably, in addition to polyamide 6, M P It further comprises at least one additional polymer material. More preferably, in addition to polyamide 6, M P Further comprising one or more of the following: polyamide 6.6; polyurethane; polyester; acrylic; cellulose materials, preferably including cotton; rubber materials, including one or more of natural rubber materials and synthetic rubber materials; protein fiber materials, preferably including one or more of silk and wool. More preferably, M P Optionally, it may further include one or more of the following: pigment materials, glass fiber materials, and carbon fiber materials.
[0024] Preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 includes at least one metering device. More preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 includes one or both of a gravimetric metering device and a volumetric metering device. More preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 includes at least one metering device selected from the group consisting of: a scale, a belt, a feed screw such as a single screw or twin screw, a vibratory feeder, and a cell wheel. More preferably, the feed screw is a single screw or twin screw. Alternatively and more preferably, manual feeding is possible.
[0025] Preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 is arranged such that M P In L SE Nine-tenths of the material is fed into S at the very bottom. E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 is arranged such that M P In L SE The last five-sixths of the material is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 is arranged such that M P In L SE The last four-fifths of the material is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 is arranged such that M P In L SE The downstream three-quarters are fed into S E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F1 is arranged such that M P In L SE The downstream two-thirds are fed into S E middle.
[0026] Preferably, according to (ii), 50 to 100 wt% of M P By being arranged in L SEAt least one feeding device F1 within the downstream nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds is fed into E, wherein preferably, the remaining portion is fed via a device arranged in L. SE At least one additional feeding device F1 within the uppermost one-third, preferably one-quarter, more preferably one-fifth, more preferably one-sixth, and more preferably one-tenth of the feed is fed into E. More preferably, according to (ii), 60 to 100% by weight of M is fed into E. P By being arranged in L SE At least one feeding device F1 within the downstream nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds is fed into E, wherein preferably, the remaining portion is fed via a device arranged in L. SE At least one additional feeding device F1 within the uppermost one-third, preferably one-quarter, more preferably one-fifth, more preferably one-sixth, and more preferably one-tenth of the feed is fed into E. More preferably, according to (ii), 70 to 100% by weight of M is fed into E. P By being arranged in L SE At least one feeding device F1 within the downstream nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds is fed into E, wherein preferably, the remaining portion is fed via a device arranged in L. SE At least one additional feeding device F1 within the uppermost one-third, preferably one-quarter, more preferably one-fifth, more preferably one-sixth, and more preferably one-tenth of the feed is fed into E. More preferably, according to (ii), 80 to 100% by weight of M is fed into E. P By being arranged in L SE At least one feeding device F1 within the downstream nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds is fed into E, wherein preferably, the remaining portion is fed via a device arranged in L. SE At least one additional feeding device F1 within the uppermost third, preferably one-quarter, more preferably one-fifth, more preferably one-sixth, and more preferably one-tenth is fed into E.
[0027] As an example, the reason for the feed distribution in the previous paragraph might be that, preferably, when arranged in L... SE When the feed device F1 is within nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds of the downstream portion (i.e., as side metering feed for extrusion equipment E), the diameter of the feed device F1 is larger than when it is arranged in L. SE The diameter of the feeding device F1 when it is within one-third, preferably one-quarter, more preferably one-fifth, more preferably one-sixth, more preferably one-tenth (i.e., as the main feed for the extrusion device E).
[0028] Preferably, step (i) further includes providing a solid particulate material M. PX Step (ii) includes taking the material M provided according to step (i) PX The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E, and step (iii) further includes making S E Material M PX Exposed to polyamide 6 melting conditions, in S E To obtain a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6. E And in S E Further obtaining material M P and M PX The gas phase of one or more gaseous decomposition products, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T. M and melt pressure p M Preferably, E may further include:
[0029] (f) At least one material receiving component R EX The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device. PX And used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle.
[0030] Preferably, 80 to 100 wt% of M PX Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 90 to 100 wt% of M PX Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 94 to 100 wt% of M PX Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 95 to 100% by weight of M PX Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 98 to 100% by weight of M PX Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 99 to 100% by weight of M PX It is composed of polyamide 6.
[0031] Preferably, according to (ii), M PX The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E via at least one material feeding device F1 and / or via at least one material feeding device F2.
[0032] Preferably, according to (ii), M PX Feeding is performed via at least one feeding device F1, wherein F1 includes at least two metering devices selected from the group consisting of: scales, belts, feed screws such as single or twin screws, vibrating feeders, and unit pulleys. More preferably, F1 includes a device for M PThe first metering and feeding device and a device for M PX The second metering and feeding device, preferably one for M P The first scale and a scale for M PX The second scale. More preferably, M PX via R E and / or via R EX Feeding to S E In the middle. More preferably, R E It is further configured to receive material M from F2 X And used to transfer M X Provided to S E middle.
[0033] Preferably, the at least one feeding device F2 is arranged such that M PX In L SE The uppermost third of the feed is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F2 is arranged such that M PX In L SE The uppermost one-sixth of the feed is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F2 is arranged such that M PX In L SE The uppermost one-tenth of the material is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one feeding device F2 is arranged such that M PX In L SE The uppermost eleventh of the feed is fed into S E middle.
[0034] Preferably, the at least one feeding device F2 includes at least one metering device selected from the group consisting of: a scale, a belt, a feed screw such as a single screw or twin screw, a vibrating feeder, and a unit wheel. More preferably, the at least one feeding device F2 includes at least two metering devices selected from the group consisting of: a scale, a belt, a feed screw such as a single screw or twin screw, a vibrating feeder, and a unit wheel. More preferably, the feed screw is a single screw or twin screw. Alternatively and more preferably, manual feeding is possible.
[0035] Preferably, according to step (ii), M is... P and M PX With a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.99:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E. More preferably, according to step (ii), M is... P and M PXWith a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.5:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E. More preferably, according to step (ii), M is... P and M PX With a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.3:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E. More preferably, according to step (ii), M is... P and M PX With a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.2:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E. More preferably, according to step (ii), M is... P and M PX With a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.15:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E. More preferably, according to step (ii), M is... P and M PX With a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.133:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E.
[0036] Preferably, S E Having a diameter D SE The ratio L SE / D SE Within the range of 20:1 to 80:1. More preferably, the ratio L SE / D SE Within the range of 25:1 to 70:1. More preferably, the ratio L SE / D SE Within the range of 30:1 to 60:1. More preferably, the ratio L SE / D SE Within the range of 32:1 to 48:1. Alternatively, and more preferably, the ratio L SE / D SE The range is between 24:1 and 40:1.
[0037] Preferably, E is an extruder or a kneader. More preferably, E is an extruder. More preferably, E is one of a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, and a planetary roll extruder. More preferably, E is a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder.
[0038] Preferably, E further includes:
[0039] (g) at least one mixing element, preferably at least two mixing elements, more preferably at least three mixing elements, preferably a kneading element, and at least three, preferably at least four conveying elements.
[0040] Preferably, the at least two elements, the at least three elements, or the at least four elements are arranged in series.
[0041] Preferably, E includes at least two feeding devices F1, wherein the total number of feeding devices is equal to the number of mixing elements according to step (g). More preferably, E includes at least two feeding devices F1 and at least one feeding device F2, wherein the total number of feeding devices is equal to the number of mixing elements according to step (g).
[0042] Preferably, the conveying space S E It has at least two distinct zones. More preferably, the transport space S E It has at least three distinct zones. More preferably, the transport space S E It has at least four distinct zones. More preferably, S E Having one or more material receiving areas Z ER One or more molten zones Z EM One or more degassing zones Z EG and at least one output region Z OUT .
[0043] Preferably, E includes at least two orifices O E More preferably, E includes at least three orifices O. E More preferably, E includes at least 5 orifices O. E More preferably, the at least one orifice O E It has a cross-section in the form of a square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, triangle, or star. More preferably, the number of orifices is in the range of 2 to 500. More preferably, the number of orifices is in the range of 3 to 400. More preferably, the number of orifices is in the range of 5 to 390. More preferably, the number of orifices is in the range of 10 to 330. More preferably, the number of orifices is in the range of 10 to 300. More preferably, the number of orifices is in the range of 10 to 250. It is further conceivable that the at least one orifice O E It has a cross-section in the form of appropriate letters.
[0044] Preferably, E further includes:
[0045] (h) At least one melt pump.
[0046] Preferably, the method further includes, via the at least one melt pump, in M E In S E The direction of movement in M E Apply pressure.
[0047] As an example, the reason E includes at least one melt pump might be to support the removal of at least one strip according to step (v), otherwise it might be due to M E It is limited by its viscosity.
[0048] Preferably, E further includes:
[0049] (j) Arranged in S E In O E At least one melt filter upstream of the.
[0050] Preferably, the at least one melt filter comprises one or more of a sieve, a perforated plate, and a fabric, wherein the sieve aperture size of the at least one melt filter is preferably in the range of 0.02 to 3 mm. More preferably, the sieve aperture size of the at least one melt filter is in the range of 0.025 to 2 mm. More preferably, the sieve aperture size of the at least one melt filter is in the range of 0.035 to 1 mm. More preferably, the sieve aperture size of the at least one melt filter is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm. More preferably, the sieve aperture size of the at least one melt filter is in the range of 0.1 to 0.11 mm.
[0051] Preferably, the method further includes feeding at least one processing aid into S E More preferably, the processing aid comprises, and is preferably composed of, a liquefying medium. Preferably, the processing aid, more preferably the liquefying medium, comprises one or more of a liquid medium and a solid medium. The processing aid, preferably the liquefying medium, preferably comprises at least one monohydric alcohol, oligohydric alcohol, and / or polyhydric alcohol (including one or more polyethylene glycols) and water. Further, the processing aid, preferably the liquefying medium, is preferably fed into S via one or more of the following methods. E middle:
[0052] - Prior to (ii), process aids, preferred liquefaction media, and material M are added. P Mixing; and
[0053] - Via at least one feeding device F3 and at least one receiving component R EL Processing aids and preferred liquefied media are fed into S E middle.
[0054] Preferably, the at least one receiving member R EL Arranged such that the processing aids, preferably the liquefaction medium, are in L SE Nine-tenths of the material is fed into S at the very bottom. E More preferably, the at least one receiving member R EL Arranged such that the processing aids, preferably the liquefaction medium, are in L SE The last five-sixths of the material is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one receiving member R EL Arranged such that the processing aids, preferably the liquefaction medium, are in L SE The last four-fifths of the material is fed into S E More preferably, the at least one receiving member R EL Arranged such that the processing aids, preferably the liquefaction medium, are in L SE The downstream three-quarters are fed into S E In the middle. More preferably L SE Two-thirds.
[0055] Preferably, the processing aid is one or more of a fluid medium (preferably a liquid medium) and a solid medium. More preferably, the liquefaction medium is one or more of a fluid medium (preferably a liquid medium) and a solid medium. More preferably, the processing aid is a gas. More preferably, the liquefaction medium is a gas. More preferably, the processing aid is a liquid. More preferably, the liquefaction medium is a liquid.
[0056] Preferably, the processing aid, the preferred liquefaction medium, and M P The weight ratio is in the range of 0.05:1 to 2:1. More preferably, the processing aid, preferably the liquefying medium, and M... P The weight ratio is in the range of 0.1:1 to 2:1. More preferably, the processing aid, preferably the liquefying medium, and M... P The weight ratio is in the range of 0.2:1 to 2:1. More preferably, the processing aid, preferably the liquefying medium, and M... P The weight ratio is in the range of 0.3:1 to 1.5:1. More preferably, the processing aid, preferably the liquefying medium, and M... P The weight ratio is in the range of 0.5:1 to 1:1.
[0057] Preferably, it is also possible that the processing aid, preferably a liquid medium, more preferably a liquid medium, and material M are added before step (ii). PX Blending. Preferably, processing aids, and preferably liquefying media, allow for a reduction in the melting temperature T. M T M The preferred temperature is approximately 200°C.
[0058] Preferably, the gas phase obtained according to step (iii) comprises at least one of the polymer decomposition products and water. More preferably, the gas phase obtained according to step (iii) comprises a gas or vapor of decomposed elastin. Preferably, the water content of the gas phase is in the range of 0.01 to 10 vol% based on the total volume of the gas phase. More preferably, the water content of the gas phase is in the range of 0.01 to 8 vol% based on the total volume of the gas phase. More preferably, the water content of the gas phase is in the range of 0.01 to 5 vol% based on the total volume of the gas phase.
[0059] Preferably, according to step (iv) from S E At least a portion of the gas phase removal is carried out actively, passively, or both actively and passively. This at least one degassing component G E Preferably, the following are selected from the group consisting of: holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, degassing screws arranged in holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, atmospheric domes arranged in holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, vacuum domes arranged in holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, and combinations of two or more thereof.
[0060] Preferably, the holes in the sidewall are arranged in the upper half of the extrusion device E, more preferably in the upper half of the barrel of the extrusion device E. More preferably, the holes in the sidewall are arranged in the upper third of the extrusion device E, more preferably in the upper third of the barrel of the extrusion device E. Even more preferably, the holes in the sidewall are arranged in the upper fifth of the extrusion device E, more preferably in the upper fifth of the barrel of the extrusion device E.
[0061] Preferably, the atmospheric pressure dome and / or vacuum dome are arranged on the hole located within the uppermost fifth of the extrusion apparatus E. More preferably, the atmospheric pressure dome and / or vacuum dome are arranged on the hole located within the uppermost fifth of the barrel of the extrusion apparatus E.
[0062] Preferably, according to step (iii), T M Within the range of 150°C to 350°C. More preferably, according to step (iii), T M Within the range of 180°C to 280°C. More preferably, according to step (iii), T M Within the range of 200°C to 250°C.
[0063] Preferably, according to step (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include a melt pressure p M p M Preferably in the range of 0 to 350 bar. More preferably, p M Within the range of 0 to 150 bar. More preferably, p MWithin the range of 0 to 130 bar. More preferably, p M Within the range of 0 to 100 bar. More preferably, 0 < p M ≤ 350 bar. More preferably, 0 < p M ≤ 150 bar. More preferably, 0 < p M ≤ 130 bar. More preferably, 0 < p M ≤ 100 bar. More preferably, 5 < p M ≤ 45 bar.
[0064] Preferably, according to step (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include S E The amount of H passing through M H M Preferably in the range of 100 to 12000 kg / h. More preferably, H M Within the range of 150 to 8000 kg / h. More preferably, H M In the range of 250 to 6,000 kg / h.
[0065] Preferably, according to step (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include a conveying member C. M rotational speed R M The rotational speed is preferably in the range of 20 to 2000 rpm. More preferably, the rotational speed is in the range of 50 to 1200 rpm. More preferably, the rotational speed is in the range of 60 to 800 rpm. More preferably, the rotational speed is in the range of 200 to 700 rpm. More preferably, the rotational speed is in the range of 400 to 500 rpm.
[0066] Preferably, according to step (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include a conveying member C. M torque Q M Q M Preferably in the range of 0 to 30,000 Nm. More preferably, Q M Within the range of 250 to 20,000 Nm. More preferably, Q M Within the range of 300 to 15,000 Nm. Preferably, Q M It is the torque of each screw, such as the torque applied by a single screw.
[0067] Preferably, E includes at least one melt pump. Preferably, the polyamide 6 melting conditions according to step (iii) further include a melt pump pressure in the range of 1 to 350 bar. More preferably, the melt pump pressure is in the range of 2 to 150 bar. More preferably, the melt pump pressure is in the range of 5 to 140 bar. Additionally or alternatively, the polyamide 6 melting conditions according to step (iii) preferably further include a melt pump rotation in the range of 1 to 1,000 rpm. More preferably, the melt pump rotation is in the range of 10 to 500 rpm. More preferably, the melt pump rotation is in the range of 50 to 300 rpm. Alternatively, and more preferably, the melt pump rotation is in the range of 34 to 47 rpm.
[0068] Preferably, the method further includes one or more of the following: controlling, adjusting and maintaining at least one of the polyamide 6 melting conditions according to step (iii).
[0069] Preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled using a cooling medium selected from gaseous cooling media, liquid cooling media, and mixtures thereof. The gaseous cooling medium is preferably one or more of air, rarefied air, and nitrogen. The liquid cooling medium preferably contains water. More preferably, the liquid cooling medium consists of water.
[0070] Preferably, for the cooling according to step (vi), a strip cooling conveyor is used. The strip cooling conveyor preferably includes a strip cooling tray. The strip cooling tray preferably includes one or more of the following: a strip guiding member for guiding the at least one strip through the tray and a strip feeding member for feeding the at least one strip removed according to step (v) into the strip cooling tray. Alternatively, and more preferably, for one or both of the cooling according to step (iv) and the granulation according to step (v), an underwater granulator is used.
[0071] Preferably, T S Within the range of 350°C to 180°C. More preferably, T S Within the range of 320°C to 200°C. More preferably, T S Within the range of 300°C to 200°C. More preferably, T S Within the range of 280°C to 180°C.
[0072] Preferably, T C Within the range of 25°C to 350°C. More preferably, T C Within the range of 50°C to 320°C. More preferably, T C Within the range of 50°C to 280°C. More preferably, T CWithin the range of 150°C to 220°C. More preferably, T C Within the range of 160°C to 200°C. More preferably, T C Within the range of 170°C to 180°C. Alternatively, and more preferably, T C Within the range of 25°C to 170°C. More preferably, T C Within the range of 25°C to 150°C.
[0073] Preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a rate in the range of 1 to 2700 K / min. S Cool to T C More preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a rate in the range of 1 to 2000 K / min. S Cool to T C More preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a rate in the range of 1 to 1000 K / min. S Cool to T C More preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a rate in the range of 5 to 400 K / min. S Cool to T C More preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a rate in the range of 5 to 350 K / min. S Cool to T C More preferably, according to step (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a rate in the range of 50 to 300 K / min. S Cool to T C .
[0074] Preferably, according to step (vii), the granulation of the at least one strip includes cutting the at least one strip, wherein for the cutting, one or more of an underwater granulator, a hot-cutting granulator, a compressed air granulator, and a strip granulator are used. When using an underwater granulator, underwater granulation (also known as "UWG") is preferably used in the granulation according to step (vii), wherein water is preferably used as a cooling medium in the tray and / or box.
[0075] Preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a bulk density in the range of 500 to 1200 g / l as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) GIt has a bulk density in the range of 600 to 1000 g / l as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a bulk density in the range of 600 to 900 g / l as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982. Alternatively and more preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a bulk density in the range of 450 to 1200 g / l as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a bulk density in the range of 500 to 750 g / l as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a bulk density in the range of 570 to 690 g / l as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982.
[0076] Preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.2 to 70 mg. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.2 to 60 mg. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg. Alternatively and more preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.2 to 100 mg. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.5 to 70 mg. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It is characterized by a particle mass ranging from 0.7 to 60 mg.
[0077] Preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a maximum particle length in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) G It has a maximum particle length in the range of 1.5 to 8 mm. More preferably, the granular material M obtained according to step (vii) GIt has a maximum particle length in the range of 2 to 6 mm. In the case of using underwater granulation (also known as "UWG") in the granulation according to step (vii), the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G Preferably, it has a diameter in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm. More preferably, when UWG is used in the granulation according to step (vii), the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G It has a diameter in the range of 0.5 to 8 mm. More preferably, when UWG is used in the granulation according to step (vii), the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G It has a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 6 mm.
[0078] The present invention further relates to a granular material M G It can be obtained or acquired by the method according to the invention. Preferably, the invention further relates to a granular material M. G It can be obtained or acquired through the methods described herein.
[0079] Preferably, 30 to 100 wt% of M G Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 50 to 100 wt% of M G Composed of polyamide 6. More preferably, 60 to 100 wt% of M G It is composed of polyamide 6.
[0080] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for preparing granular material M, preferably by means of the method according to the present invention. G The invention further relates to an apparatus for preparing granular material M as described herein. G The device includes:
[0081] (A) Melt extrusion equipment E, which includes
[0082] (a) At least one material receiving component R E The at least one material receiving member is used to receive solid particulate material M containing polyamide 6 from at least one feeding device F1. P And used to transfer M P Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0083] (b) Melting and conveying space S E This melting and conveying space is used to make M P The polyamide 6 contained therein is melted and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E Via preferably a rotary conveying member C MConveyed to at least one forming orifice O E S E Having a length L SE ;
[0084] (c) At least one forming orifice O E The at least one shaped orifice is used by M E Form at least one strip;
[0085] (d) At least one degassing component G E The at least one degassing component is used to remove S E At least a portion of the gas phase present in it;
[0086] (e) Heating component H E The heating element is used in S E The process provides melting conditions for polyamide 6;
[0087] (f) Optionally, at least one material receiving member R EX The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M containing polyamide 6 from at least one feeding device F2. PX And used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0088] (g) Optionally, at least three mixing elements and at least three, preferably at least four conveying elements;
[0089] (h) Optionally, at least one melt pump;
[0090] (j) Optionally arranged in S E In O E At least one melt filter upstream;
[0091] (B) At least one feeding device, the at least one feeding device comprising
[0092] (a) At least one material feeding device F1, the at least one material feeding device being used to feed material M P and optional material M PX Feed the material into E;
[0093] (b) Optionally, at least one material feeding device F2, the at least one material feeding device being used to feed material M PX (Preferably, for M according to (B)(a)) PX The material is fed into E (in addition or alternatively), and optionally at least one material receiving member R. EX The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device F2. PXAnd used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0094] (c) Optionally, at least one feeding device F3 for feeding liquid medium into E, and further optionally at least one material receiving member R. EL The at least one material receiving member is used to receive liquid medium from the at least one feeding device F3 and to provide the liquid medium to the melting and conveying space S. E middle;
[0095] (C) Optional cooling component M C The cooling component is arranged downstream of E and is used to cool the at least one strip obtained from E;
[0096] (D) Granulation component M G The granulation component is arranged in O E Downstream and preferably in the cooling component M C Downstream, for use by passing through at least one forming orifice O E The formed at least one strip, preferably formed by cooling member M C The obtained at least one cooled strip is used to prepare granular material M. G .
[0097] Furthermore, the present invention relates to granular materials M according to the present invention (e.g., as described herein). G For the preparation of a stream containing purified ε-caprolactam CPL The purpose of this invention. Alternatively or concurrently, the present invention relates to a method for use with granular material M according to the invention (e.g., as described herein). G Preparation of a stream containing purified ε-caprolactam CPL The method.
[0098] Preparation of flow S CPL Preferred options include:
[0099] (α) Provides a flow S containing solid material M M ;
[0100] (β) Preparation based on S M Aqueous depolymerization mixtures;
[0101] (γ) causes the aqueous depolymerization mixture to react in unit U R The polyamide 6 was subjected to depolymerization conditions to obtain a product containing a concentration of c SR Liquid aqueous flow S of ε-caprolactam dissolved in water R The stream S R It further contains one or more impurities;
[0102] (δ) The liquid water flow S R Passing through evaporation unit U E In the middle, by S R Obtain the concentration c SL Liquid aqueous flow S of ε-caprolactam dissolved in water L , where c SL > c SR And further by S R Obtain one or more water vapor streams S V ;
[0103] (ε) will flow S with water L Introduced into the heat-consuming purification unit U P In the middle, by S L Obtain the concentration c SCPL The flow of ε-caprolactam S CPL ,in
[0104] c SCPL >> c SL And further by S L Obtain one or more water-borne flows S RW U P At least a portion of the heat consumed is generated by one or more streams S V At least one of them is provided, so that the at least one stream S is provided. V Obtain at least one at least partially condensed aqueous flow S VW ;
[0105] (ζ) will have at least one stream S VW At least partially recycled to reaction unit U R And at least one stream S RW At least partially recycled to reaction unit U R .
[0106] Furthermore, the present invention relates to S that can be obtained or acquired according to the steps (ε) as described herein. CPL Used for preparing one or more polymers and polymer products. Alternatively or additionally, the present invention relates to a method for preparing one or more polymers and polymer products, said method comprising employing S according to step (ε) as described herein. CPL As starting material.
[0107] Preferably, the polymer, or polymer product, or polymer and polymer product are in the form of at least one of granules, strips, rods, plates, tubes, foils, layers, films, sheets, fibers, filaments, coatings, extruded articles, molded articles, soft foams, semi-rigid foams and rigid foams.
[0108] Preferably, the polymer, or polymer product, or polymer and polymer product comprises polyamide 6 and optionally at least one other polymer compound. The polyamide 6 is preferably at least partially derived from S, which is obtainable or acquired according to step (ε) as described herein. CPL Available or obtainable. The at least one additional polymer compound preferably includes one or more of the following: at least one polyamide 6.6, at least one polyethylene terephthalate, at least one polyurethane, at least one polyester, at least one cellulose material, and at least one rubber material, the at least one rubber material including one or more of at least one natural rubber material and at least one synthetic rubber material.
[0109] Preferably, the polymer, or polymer product, or polymer and polymer product is one or a subset of one of the following:
[0110] - Automotive parts, preferably cylinder head covers, engine covers, housings for turbocharged air coolers, turbocharged air cooler baffles, intake pipes, intake manifolds, connectors, gears, fan impellers, coolant tanks, housings or housing parts for heat exchangers, coolant coolers, turbocharged air coolers, thermostats, water pumps, radiators, fasteners for electric vehicles or battery system parts, dashboards, steering column switches, seats, headrests, center consoles, transmission components, door modules, automotive exterior trim for A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar or D-pillar covers, spoilers, door handles, exterior mirrors, windshield wipers, windshield wiper protective housings, decorative grilles, cover strips, roof racks, window frames, sunroof frames, antenna panels, headlights, taillights, airbags, and / or seat cushions;
[0111] - Fabrics, clothing, preferably shirts, trousers, sweaters, boots, shoes, shoe soles, bodysuits and / or jackets;
[0112] - Electrical components, preferably electrical parts, passive electronic parts, active electronic parts, printed circuit boards, housing parts, foil, wiring, switches (such as microswitches), plugs, sockets, distributors, relays, resistors, capacitors, inductors, spools, lamps, diodes (such as LEDs), transistors, connectors, regulators, integrated circuits (ICs), processors, controllers, memory, sensors, microbuttons, semiconductors, such as reflector housings for light-emitting diodes, fasteners for electrical and / or electronic components, spacers, bolts, strips, slide rails, screws, nuts, membrane hinges, snap hooks (buckles), and / or spring tongues;
[0113] - Consumer and / or pharmaceutical products, preferably tennis strings, climbing ropes, bristles, brushes, artificial turf, 3D printed filaments, lawnmowers, zippers, Velcro, paper machine netting, extrusion coatings, fishing lines, fishing nets, marine pipelines and ropes, vials, syringes, ampoules, bottles, sliding elements, spindle nuts, chain conveyors, sliding bearings, rollers, wheels, gears, ring gears, screws and spring dampers, hoses, pipes, cable sheaths, sockets, switches, cable ties, fan impellers, carpets, boxes and / or bottles for cosmetics, mattresses, cushions, and insulating materials;
[0114] - Packaging for the food industry, preferably single-layer and / or multi-layer blown film, cast film (single-layer and / or multi-layer), biaxial stretch film, or laminated film.
[0115] Preferably, the polymer, or polymer product, or polymer and polymer product contains S which can be obtained or acquired according to step (ε) as described herein. CPL The polyamide 6 that is available or obtained is in an amount of 1 wt% or more, preferably 2 wt% or more, more preferably 5 wt% or more, more preferably 15 wt% or more, more preferably 30 wt% or more, more preferably 40 wt% or more, more preferably 60 wt% or more, more preferably 80 wt% or more, more preferably 90 wt% or more, more preferably 95 wt% or more; and / or in an amount of 100 wt% or less, preferably 95 wt% or less, more preferably 90 wt% or less, more preferably 50 wt% or less, more preferably 25 wt% or less, more preferably 10 wt% or less.
[0116] The invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments derived from the dependent relationships and reverse references shown. In particular, it should be noted that in each instance of reference to a series of embodiments, such as in the context of terms like “the method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 4,” each embodiment in this series is intended to clearly disclose to those skilled in the art that the wording of this term should be understood by those skilled in the art to be synonymous with “the method as described in any one of embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4.” Furthermore, it should be clearly noted that the following set of embodiments represents appropriate structural portions of the general description of preferred aspects of the invention and therefore appropriately supports, but does not represent, the claims of the invention.
[0117] 1. A method for preparing granular material M containing polyamide 6 G The method includes
[0118] (i) Providing a solid particulate material M containing polyamide 6 P ;
[0119] (ii) The material M provided in (i)P The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E via at least one material feeding device F1, wherein E includes...
[0120] (a) At least one material receiving component R E The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device F1. P And used to transfer M P Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0121] (b) The melting and conveying space S E This melting and conveying space is used to make M P The polyamide 6 contained therein is melted and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E Via preferably a rotary conveying member C M Conveyed to at least one forming orifice O E S E Having a length L SE ;
[0122] (c) The at least one shaped orifice O E The at least one shaped orifice is used by M E Form at least one strip;
[0123] (d) At least one degassing component G E The at least one degassing component is used to remove S E At least a portion of the gas phase present in it;
[0124] (e) Heating component H E The heating element is used in S E The process provides melting conditions for polyamide 6;
[0125] (iii) In S E Material M P Exposed to polyamide 6 melting conditions, in S E To obtain the mixture M containing molten polyamide 6. E And in S E Further, the material M was obtained. P The gas phase of one or more gaseous decomposition products, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T. M ;
[0126] (iv) via the at least one degassing component G E From S E Remove at least a portion of the gas phase obtained according to (iii);
[0127] (v) via the at least one forming orifice OE Remove the at least one strip from E, the at least one strip having a temperature T. S T S ≤ T M ;
[0128] (vi) Optionally, the at least one strip removed from E according to (v) is subjected to cooling to obtain a strip with a temperature T. C At least one cooled strip, wherein T C < T S ;
[0129] (vii) subjecting the at least one optionally cooled strip to granulation to obtain the granular material M. G .
[0130] 2. The method as described in Example 1, wherein M P It comprises, and preferably consists of, the following: waste, preferably one or more of textile waste and engineering plastic waste, more preferably textile waste.
[0131] 3. The method as described in Example 1 or 2, wherein M P It exists in one or more of the following forms: fibers, filaments, granules, and fragments.
[0132] 4. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein M P The particles possess independent properties from each other.
[0133] - in 1 to 20000 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 2, 100, and 100 mm;
[0134] - Preferably, in the range of 1 to 10000 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 100, and 100 mm;
[0135] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 6000 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 50, and 120 mm;
[0136] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 1200 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 20, and 60 mm;
[0137] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 800 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 10, and 80 mm;
[0138] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 600 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 5, and 120 mm;
[0139] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 400 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 20, and 20 mm or into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 10, and 40 mm.
[0140] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 120 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 2, and 60 mm, or into a cuboid with side lengths of 2, 2, and 30 mm.
[0141] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 80 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 1, and 80 mm, or into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 2, and 40 mm.
[0142] -More preferably, in the range of 1 to 40 mm 3 The volume within the range is preferably assembled into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 2, and 20 mm, or into a cuboid with side lengths of 1, 1, and 40 mm.
[0143] 5. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 4, wherein M P With M-based P The total weight of the water content is in the range of 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 0 to 8% by weight, and more preferably 0 to 6% by weight.
[0144] 6. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein 30 to 100 wt% of, preferably 50 to 100 wt% of, more preferably 60 to 100 wt% of, M P It is composed of polyamide 6.
[0145] 7. The method as described in Example 6, wherein, in addition to polyamide 6, M P It further comprises at least one additional polymer material, preferably one or more of the following: polyamide 6.6; polyurethane; polyester; acrylic; cellulose material, preferably including cotton; rubber material, including one or more of natural rubber material and synthetic rubber material; protein fiber material, preferably including one or more of silk and wool, and optionally further comprises one or more of the following: pigment material, glass fiber material and carbon fiber material.
[0146] 8. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein the at least one feeding device F1 includes at least one metering device, preferably one or both of a gravimetric metering device and a volumetric metering device, more preferably selected from the group consisting of: scales, belts, feeding screws such as single screws or twin screws, vibrating feeders, and unit wheels.
[0147] 9. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the at least one feeding device F1 is arranged such that M P In L SE Nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds of the downstream portion are fed into S. E middle.
[0148] 10. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein, according to (ii), 50 to 100 wt%, preferably 60 to 100 wt%, more preferably 70 to 100 wt%, and more preferably 80 to 100 wt% of M P By being arranged in L SE At least one feeding device F1 within the downstream nine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds is fed into E, wherein preferably, the remaining portion is fed via a device arranged in L. SE At least one additional feeding device F1 within the uppermost third, preferably one-quarter, more preferably one-fifth, more preferably one-sixth, and more preferably one-tenth is fed into E.
[0149] 11. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein (i) further comprises providing a solid particulate material M PX Wherein (ii) includes the material M provided according to (i). PX The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E, and wherein (iii) further includes making S E Material M PX Exposed to polyamide 6 melting conditions, in S E To obtain the mixture M containing molten polyamide 6. E And in S E Further obtaining materials M containing these materials P and M PX The gas phase of one or more gaseous decomposition products, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T. M and melt pressure p M ;
[0150] E may optionally further include
[0151] (f) At least one material receiving component REX The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device. PX And used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0152] Of which 80 to 100% by weight, more preferably 90 to 100% by weight, more preferably 94 to 100% by weight, more preferably 95 to 100% by weight, more preferably 98 to 100% by weight, more preferably 99 to 100% by weight, M PX It is composed of polyamide 6.
[0153] 12. The method as described in Example 11, wherein, according to (ii), M is... PX The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E via at least one material feeding device F1 and / or via at least one material feeding device F2.
[0154] 13. The method as described in Example 11 or 12, wherein, according to (ii), M is... PX Feed is made via at least one feeding device F1, wherein F1 includes at least two metering devices selected from the group consisting of: scales, belts, feed screws such as single screws or twin screws, vibrating feeders, and unit wheels.
[0155] 14. The method as described in Example 13, wherein the at least one feeding device F2 is arranged such that M PX In L SE The top third, preferably one-sixth, more preferably one-tenth, and more preferably one-eleventh of the material are fed into S. E middle.
[0156] 15. The method as described in Example 13 or 14, wherein the at least one feeding device F2 includes at least one metering device, preferably at least two metering devices selected from the group consisting of: scales, belts, feed screws such as single screws or twin screws, vibrating feeders, and unit wheels.
[0157] 16. The method as described in any one of Examples 11 to 15, wherein, according to (ii), M is... P and M PX The weight ratio M is in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.99:1, preferably 0.01:1 to 0.5:1, more preferably 0.01:1 to 0.3:1, more preferably 0.01:1 to 0.2:1, more preferably 0.01:1 to 0.15:1, and more preferably 0.01:1 to 0.133:1. P / (M P +MPX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E.
[0158] 17. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 16, wherein S E Having a diameter D SE The ratio L SE / D SE The ratio is within the range of 20:1 to 80:1, preferably 25:1 to 70:1, more preferably 30:1 to 60:1, and even more preferably 32:1 to 48:1; or wherein the ratio L SE / D SE The range is between 24:1 and 40:1.
[0159] 18. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein E is an extruder or kneader, preferably an extruder, more preferably a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder or a planetary roll extruder, and even more preferably a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder.
[0160] 19. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 18, wherein E further comprises
[0161] (g) at least one mixing element, preferably at least two mixing elements, more preferably at least three mixing elements, preferably a kneading element, and at least three, preferably at least four conveying elements;
[0162] The at least two, three, or four elements are preferably arranged in series.
[0163] 20. The method as described in Example 19, wherein E includes at least two feeding devices F1 and optionally at least one feeding device F2 as defined in Example 12, wherein the total number of feeding devices is equal to the number of these mixing elements according to (g).
[0164] 21. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 20, wherein the conveying space S E Having at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four different regions, wherein more preferably, S E Having one or more material receiving areas Z ER One or more molten zones Z EM One or more degassing zones Z EG and at least one output region Z OUT .
[0165] 22. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 21, wherein E comprises at least 2, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 5 orifices O. E The at least one orifice OE Preferably, it has a cross-section in the form of a square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, triangle or star.
[0166] 23. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 22, wherein E further comprises
[0167] (h) At least one melt pump;
[0168] The method further includes, via the at least one melt pump, at M E In S E The direction of movement in M E Apply pressure.
[0169] 24. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 23, wherein E further comprises
[0170] (j) Arranged in S E In O E At least one melt filter upstream;
[0171] The at least one melt filter preferably comprises one or more of a sieve, a perforated plate, and a fabric, wherein the sieve aperture size of the at least one melt filter is preferably in the range of 0.02 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.025 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.035 to 1 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.11 mm.
[0172] 25. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 24, further comprising feeding at least one processing aid, preferably a liquefied medium (including one or more of liquid and solid media), into S E In the process aid, preferably the liquefaction medium, it preferably comprises at least one monohydric alcohol, oligohydric alcohol and / or polyhydric alcohol (including one or more polyethylene glycols) and water, wherein the process aid, preferably the liquefaction medium, is preferably fed into S via one or more of the following methods. E middle:
[0173] - Prior to (ii), the processing aid, preferably the liquefaction medium, and the material M P Mixing;
[0174] - Via at least one feeding device F3 and at least one receiving component R EL The processing aid, preferably the liquefied medium, is fed into S. E In the at least one receiving component R EL Preferably, the processing aid, preferably the liquefaction medium, is arranged such that in L SENine-tenths, preferably five-sixths, more preferably four-fifths, more preferably three-quarters, and more preferably two-thirds of the downstream portion are fed into S. E middle.
[0175] 26. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 25, wherein the gas phase obtained according to (iii) comprises at least one of the following: decomposition products of polymer, preferably gas or vapor of decomposed elastin, and water, wherein the water content of the gas phase is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 vol-%, more preferably 0.01 to 8 vol-%, and even more preferably 0.01 to 5 vol-%.
[0176] 27. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 26, wherein according to (iv) from S E The removal of at least a portion of the gas phase is carried out actively, passively, or both actively and passively, wherein the at least one degassing component G E Preferably, the following are selected from the group consisting of: holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, degassing screws arranged in holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, atmospheric pressure domes arranged in holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, vacuum domes arranged in holes in the sidewall of the extrusion equipment E, and combinations of two or more thereof.
[0177] 28. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 27, wherein according to (iii), T M The temperature ranges from 150°C to 350°C, preferably from 180°C to 280°C, and more preferably from 200°C to 250°C.
[0178] 29. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 28, wherein, according to (iii), these polyamide 6 melting conditions further include a melt pressure p M , where p M Preferably, it is in the range of 0 to 350 bar, more preferably 0 to 150 bar, more preferably 0 to 130 bar, more preferably 0 to 100 bar, and more preferably 5 to 45 bar.
[0179] 30. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 29, wherein, according to (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include S E The amount of H passing through M H M Preferably, it is in the range of 100 to 12,000 kg / h, more preferably 150 to 8,000 kg / h, and even more preferably 250 to 6,000 kg / h.
[0180] 31. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 30, wherein, according to (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include the conveying member C. M rotational speed R M The rotational speed is preferably in the range of 20 to 2000 rpm, more preferably 50 to 1200 rpm, more preferably 60 to 800 rpm, more preferably 200 to 700 rpm, and more preferably 400 to 500 rpm.
[0181] 32. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 31, wherein, according to (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include the conveying member C. M torque Q M Q M Preferably in the range of 0 to 30,000 Nm, more preferably 250 to 20,000 Nm, and even more preferably 300 to 15,000 Nm.
[0182] 33. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 32, wherein E includes at least one melt pump as defined in Example 23, wherein, according to (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further include a melt pump pressure in the range of 1 to 350 bar, preferably 2 to 150 bar, more preferably 5 to 140 bar.
[0183] 34. The method of claim 33, wherein E comprises at least one melt pump as defined in Example 23, wherein, according to (iii), the polyamide 6 melting conditions further comprise a melt pump rotation in the range of 1 to 1,000 rpm, preferably 10 to 500 rpm, more preferably 50 to 300 rpm, or a melt pump rotation in the range of 34 to 47 rpm.
[0184] 35. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 34, wherein the method comprises one or more of the following: controlling, adjusting and maintaining at least one of the polyamide 6 melting conditions according to (iii).
[0185] 36. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 35, wherein, according to (vi), the at least one strip is cooled using a cooling medium selected from gaseous cooling media, liquid cooling media and mixtures thereof, wherein the gaseous cooling medium is preferably one or more of air, rarefied air and nitrogen, and wherein the liquid cooling medium preferably contains water, more preferably consists of water.
[0186] 37. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 36, wherein for cooling according to (vi), a strip cooling conveyor is used, the strip cooling conveyor preferably comprising a strip cooling tray, wherein the strip cooling tray preferably comprises one or more of the following: a strip guiding member for guiding the at least one strip through the tray and a strip feeding member for feeding the at least one strip removed according to (v) into the strip cooling tray; or for cooling according to (vi) and for granulation according to (vii), an underwater granulator is used.
[0187] 38. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 37, wherein T S The temperature ranges from 350°C to 180°C, preferably from 320°C to 200°C, more preferably from 300°C to 200°C, and even more preferably from 280°C to 180°C.
[0188] 39. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 38, wherein T C Within the range of 25°C to 350°C, preferably 50°C to 320°C, more preferably 50°C to 280°C, more preferably 150°C to 220°C, more preferably 160°C to 200°C, and more preferably 170°C to 180°C; or T C Within the range of 25°C to 170°C, more preferably 25°C to 150°C.
[0189] 40. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 39, wherein, according to (vi), the at least one strip is cooled from T at a cooling rate in the range of 1 to 2700 K / min, preferably 1 to 2000 K / min, more preferably 1 to 1000 K / min, more preferably 5 to 400 K / min, more preferably 5 to 350 K / min, more preferably 50 to 300 K / min. S Cool to T C .
[0190] 41. The method of any one of Examples 1 to 40, wherein, according to (vii), granulation of the at least one strip includes cutting the at least one strip, wherein for the cutting, one or more of an underwater granulator, a hot-cutting granulator, a compressed air granulator, and a strip granulator are used.
[0191] 42. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 41, wherein the granular material M obtained according to (vii) GIt has a bulk density in the range of 500 to 1200 g / l, preferably 600 to 1000 g / l, more preferably 600 to 900 g / l, as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982; or the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G It has a bulk density in the range of 450 to 1200 g / l, preferably 500 to 750 g / l, more preferably 570 to 690 g / l, as determined according to DIN ISO 697:1982.
[0192] 43. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 42, wherein the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.2 to 70 mg, preferably 0.2 to 60 mg, more preferably 0.2 to 50 mg; or the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G The characteristic is that the particle mass is in the range of 0.2 to 100 mg, preferably 0.5 to 70 mg, more preferably 0.7 to 60 mg.
[0193] 44. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 43, wherein the granular material M obtained according to (vii) G It has a maximum particle length in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably 1.5 to 8 mm, more preferably 2 to 6 mm.
[0194] 45. A granular material M G It can be obtained or acquired by any of the methods described in Examples 1 to 44.
[0195] 46. The granular material M as described in Example 45 G Of which 30 to 100 wt%, preferably 50 to 100 wt%, more preferably 60 to 100 wt%, M G It is composed of polyamide 6.
[0196] 47. A method for preparing granular material M, preferably by any one of Examples 1 to 44. G The device, the device including
[0197] (A) Melt extrusion equipment E, which includes
[0198] (a) At least one material receiving component R E The at least one material receiving member is used to receive solid particulate material M containing polyamide 6 from at least one feeding device F1. P And used to transfer M P Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0199] (b) The melting and conveying space S E This melting and conveying space is used to make M P The polyamide 6 contained therein is melted and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E Via preferably a rotary conveying member C M Conveyed to at least one forming orifice O E S E Having a length L SE ;
[0200] (c) The at least one shaped orifice O E The at least one shaped orifice is used by M E Form at least one strip;
[0201] (d) At least one degassing component G E The at least one degassing component is used to remove S E At least a portion of the gas phase present in it;
[0202] (e) Heating component H E The heating element is used in S E The process provides melting conditions for polyamide 6;
[0203] (f) Optionally, at least one material receiving member R EX The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M containing polyamide 6 from at least one feeding device F2. PX And used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0204] (g) Optionally, at least three mixing elements and at least three, preferably at least four conveying elements;
[0205] (h) Optionally, at least one melt pump;
[0206] (j) Optionally arranged in S E In O E At least one melt filter upstream;
[0207] (B) At least one feeding device, the at least one feeding device comprising
[0208] (a) At least one material feeding device F1, the at least one material feeding device being used to feed material M P and optional material M PX Feed the material into E;
[0209] (b) Optionally, at least one material feeding device F2, the at least one material feeding device being used to feed material M PX (Preferably, for M according to (B)(a)) PX The material is fed into E (in addition or alternatively), and optionally at least one material receiving member R. EX The at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device F2. PX And used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle;
[0210] (c) Optionally, at least one feeding device F3 for feeding liquid medium into E, and further optionally at least one material receiving member R. EL The at least one material receiving member is used to receive the liquid medium from the at least one feeding device F3 and to provide the liquid medium to the melting and conveying space S. E middle;
[0211] (C) Optional cooling component M C The cooling component is arranged downstream of E and is used to cool the at least one strip obtained from E;
[0212] (D) Granulation component M G The granulation component is arranged in O E Downstream and preferably in the cooling component M C Downstream, for use by passing through at least one forming orifice O E The formed at least one strip, preferably formed by the cooling member M C The granular material M is prepared by obtaining at least one cooled strip. G .
[0213] 48. The granular material M as described in Example 45 or 46 G For the preparation of a stream containing purified ε-caprolactam CPL The use of or a method for the production of granular material M as described in Example 43 G Preparation of a stream containing purified ε-caprolactam CPL The method for preparing the S stream CPL Preferred includes
[0214] (α) Provides solid material M G (112) flow S M ;
[0215] (β) Preparation based on S M Aqueous depolymerization mixtures;
[0216] (γ) causes the aqueous depolymerization mixture to react in unit U. R The polyamide 6 was subjected to depolymerization conditions to obtain a product containing a concentration of c SR Liquid aqueous flow S of ε-caprolactam dissolved in water R The stream S R It further contains one or more impurities;
[0217] (δ) The liquid water flow S R Passing through evaporation unit U E In the middle, by S R Obtain the concentration c SL Liquid aqueous flow S of ε-caprolactam dissolved in water L , where c SL > c SR And further by S R Obtain one or more water vapor streams S V ;
[0218] (ε) This water flow S L Introduced into the heat-consuming purification unit U P In the middle, by S L Obtain the concentration c SCPL The flow of ε-caprolactam S CPL ,in
[0219] c SCPL >> c SL And further by S L Obtain one or more water-borne flows S RW U P At least a portion of the heat consumed is generated by one or more streams S V At least one of them is provided, so that the at least one stream S is provided. V Obtain at least one at least partially condensed aqueous flow S VW ;
[0220] (ζ) will have at least one stream S VW At least partially recycled to the reaction unit U R And at least one stream S RW At least partially recycled to the reaction unit U R .
[0221] 49. S can be obtained or acquired according to the steps (ε) described in Example 48. CPL Use for preparing one or more polymers and polymer products; or a method for preparing one or more polymers and polymer products, said method comprising employing S according to step (ε) according to Example 45. CPLAs starting material.
[0222] 50. The use or method as described in Example 49, wherein the polymer, or the polymer product, or the polymer and the polymer product are in the form of at least one of granules, strips, rods, plates, tubes, foils, layers, films, sheets, fibers, filaments, coatings, extruded articles, molded articles, soft foams, semi-rigid foams, and rigid foams.
[0223] 51. The use or method as described in Example 49 or 50, wherein the polymer, or the polymer product, or the polymer and the polymer product comprise polyamide 6 and optionally at least one other polymer compound, said polyamide 6 being at least partially obtained or acquired according to step (ε) of Example 45. CPL Available or obtainable, wherein the at least one additional polymer compound preferably includes one or more of the following: at least one polyamide 6.6, at least one polyethylene terephthalate, at least one polyurethane, at least one polyester, at least one cellulose material, and at least one rubber material, wherein the at least one rubber material includes one or more of at least one natural rubber material and at least one synthetic rubber material.
[0224] 52. The use or method as described in any one of Examples 49 to 51, wherein the polymer, or the polymer product, or the polymer and the polymer product are one or a portion of one of the following:
[0225] - Automotive parts, preferably cylinder head covers, engine covers, housings for turbocharged air coolers, turbocharged air cooler baffles, intake pipes, intake manifolds, connectors, gears, fan impellers, coolant tanks, housings or housing parts for heat exchangers, coolant coolers, turbocharged air coolers, thermostats, water pumps, radiators, fasteners for electric vehicles or battery system parts, dashboards, steering column switches, seats, headrests, center consoles, transmission components, door modules, automotive exterior trim for A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar or D-pillar covers, spoilers, door handles, exterior mirrors, windshield wipers, windshield wiper protective housings, decorative grilles, cover strips, roof racks, window frames, sunroof frames, antenna panels, headlights, taillights, airbags, and / or seat cushions;
[0226] - Fabrics, clothing, preferably shirts, trousers, sweaters, boots, shoes, shoe soles, bodysuits and / or jackets;
[0227] - Electrical components, preferably electrical parts, passive electronic parts, active electronic parts, printed circuit boards, housing parts, foil, wiring, switches (such as microswitches), plugs, sockets, distributors, relays, resistors, capacitors, inductors, spools, lamps, diodes (such as LEDs), transistors, connectors, regulators, integrated circuits (ICs), processors, controllers, memory, sensors, microbuttons, semiconductors, such as reflector housings for light-emitting diodes, fasteners for electrical and / or electronic components, spacers, bolts, strips, slide rails, screws, nuts, membrane hinges, snap hooks (buckles), and / or spring tongues;
[0228] - Consumer and / or pharmaceutical products, preferably tennis strings, climbing ropes, bristles, brushes, artificial turf, 3D printed filaments, lawnmowers, zippers, Velcro, paper machine netting, extrusion coatings, fishing lines, fishing nets, marine pipelines and ropes, vials, syringes, ampoules, bottles, sliding elements, spindle nuts, chain conveyors, sliding bearings, rollers, wheels, gears, ring gears, screws and spring dampers, hoses, pipes, cable sheaths, sockets, switches, cable ties, fan impellers, carpets, boxes and / or bottles for cosmetics, mattresses, cushions, and insulating materials;
[0229] - Packaging for the food industry, preferably single-layer and / or multi-layer blown film, cast film (single-layer and / or multi-layer), biaxial stretch film, or laminated film.
[0230] 53. The use or method as described in any one of Examples 49 to 52, wherein the polymer, or the polymer product, or the polymer and the polymer product contain S that is obtainable or acquireable according to step (ε) of Example 45. CPL The polyamide 6 that is available or obtained is in an amount of 1 wt% or more, preferably 2 wt% or more, more preferably 5 wt% or more, more preferably 15 wt% or more, more preferably 30 wt% or more, more preferably 40 wt% or more, more preferably 60 wt% or more, more preferably 80 wt% or more, more preferably 90 wt% or more, more preferably 95 wt% or more; and / or in an amount of 100 wt% or less, preferably 95 wt% or less, more preferably 90 wt% or less, more preferably 50 wt% or less, more preferably 25 wt% or less, more preferably 10 wt% or less.
[0231] In Example 53, the corresponding quantity is preferably determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or balance of quality and / or book and claim chain of custody models, more preferably based on balance of quality, and even more preferably based on the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard. Alternatively or alternatively, other methods, preferably analytical methods, are used to determine the corresponding quantity of Example 53. Preferably, the corresponding quantity of Example 53 is determined using one or more analytical methods such as NMR and red certification. More preferably, the corresponding quantity of Example 53 is determined using NMR.
[0232] With regard to Examples 49 to 53, the preparation of polymers, polymer products, or polymers and polymer products may include one or more synthetic steps and may be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques known to those skilled in the art. Examples of synthetic steps are described in “Industrial Organic Chemistry”, Volume 3, Wiley-VCH, 1997; ISBN: 978-3-527-28838-0; “Kunststoffhandbuch”, Volume 11 of 17 subvolumes, Carl Hanser Verlag, especially Volume 6, “Polyamide”, 1st edition, 1966; “Injection Molding Reference Guide”, 4th edition, CreateSpace, 2011, ISBN: 978-1466407824; WO2008 / 155271 A1 and WO 2013 / 139827 A1, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0233] As used in the context of this invention, the term "bar" means "bar (g)," i.e., pressure (gauge pressure), and is sometimes also referred to as "bar gauge pressure," "gauge pressure," or "relative pressure."
[0234] The term "textile material" encompasses textile and non-textile raw materials processed into linear, planar, and spatial structures by various methods. It includes linear textile structures produced from them, such as yarns, twisted yarns, and ropes; sheet-like textile structures, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, stitch-knitted fabrics, nonwovens, and felts; and three-dimensional textile structures, i.e., body structures, such as textile hoses, stockings, or textile semi-finished products; and further includes those finished products that have been brought to a marketable state through assembly, unassembly, and / or other operations to be forwarded to processors, traders, or end consumers. Preferably, the textile material comprises at least one composite material and / or prepreg material, such as a material comprising prepreg fibers (preferably glass fibers and / or carbon fibers) and a polymer matrix (preferably a partially cured polymer matrix, more preferably a partially cured thermosetting matrix). More preferably, the textile material comprises woven and / or knitted fibers (preferably woven and / or knitted glass fibers and / or carbon fibers) impregnated with at least one polymer matrix material (preferably a thermosetting resin material, more preferably at least one material comprising one or more of epoxy resins and phenolic resins in addition to PA6).
[0235] The term "textile waste" encompasses textile materials as defined above, whose inherent value has been consumed from the perspective of their current owner, and therefore are scrap materials for said owner.
[0236] As described below, in Figures 1 to 6 The preferred aspects of the invention are further illustrated below. Attached Figure Description
[0237] Figure 1 Demonstrates the use of M for preparing granular materials G An embodiment of the apparatus, which performs the preparation of granular material M G Methods;
[0238] Figure 2 and Figure 3 Demonstrates the use of M for preparing granular materials G Different embodiments of the device;
[0239] Figures 4 to 6 Different embodiments of the extrusion equipment E are shown;
[0240] Figure 7 and Figure 8 Demonstrates the use of M for preparing granular materials G Different embodiments of the device.
[0241] exist Figure 1 The present invention illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus 110 for preparing granular material 112 comprising polyamide 6. Further, different embodiments of the apparatus 110 for preparing granular material 112 are described in [the present invention]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the diagram. The apparatus 110 includes a melt extrusion apparatus 114, at least one feeding device 116, and a granulation component 118. Optionally, the apparatus 110 further includes a cooling component 119 disposed downstream of the melt extrusion apparatus 114.
[0242] Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Different embodiments of the melt extrusion apparatus 114 are also illustrated by showing different embodiments of the apparatus 110. Furthermore, different embodiments of the melt extrusion apparatus 114 are shown in... Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the diagram. The melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes at least one material receiving member 120 for receiving solid particulate material M comprising polyamide 6 from at least one feed device 116. P 122 and used to transfer material M P 122 is provided into the melting and conveying space 124. Further, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes the melting and conveying space 124, which is used to allow material M to be fed into the melting and conveying space. P 122 contains polyamide 6, which is melted, and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E 126 is conveyed via conveying member 128 to at least one forming orifice 130, wherein the melting and conveying space 124 has a length L SE 132. Preferably, the conveying member 128 is a rotary conveying member. Furthermore, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes a component for extruding the mixture M... E 126 forms at least one forming orifice 130 for at least one strip 134. Additionally, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes at least one degassing member 136, preferably an atmospheric degassing member 133 or a vacuum degassing member 135, for removing at least a portion of the gas phase present in the melting and conveying space 124. Further, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes a heating member 138 for providing polyamide 6 melting conditions in the melting and conveying space 124. The at least one feeding device 116 includes at least one first material feeding device 140 for feeding M... P and optional material M PX142 is fed into the extrusion apparatus 114. A granulation member 118 is arranged downstream of the forming orifice 130 and configured to produce granular material 112 from the at least one strip 134 formed through the at least one forming orifice 130. Optionally, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes at least one melt filter 137 arranged upstream of the forming orifice 130 in a melting and conveying space 124. Further optionally, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 (preferably as a conveying member 128) includes at least one mixing element 139, preferably at least three mixing elements 139, and at least three, preferably at least four conveying elements 141. Optionally, the extrusion apparatus 114 further includes at least one melt pump 143 configured to apply pressure to the mixture 126 in the direction of movement of the mixture 126 in the melting and conveying space 124. Optionally, the extrusion apparatus 114 includes additional elements for further controlling the method, such as one or more valves, such as an initiation valve 145.
[0243] Optionally, the at least one feeding device 116 includes at least one second material feeding device 146, the second material feeding device being used to feed material M PX (Preferably, for M via the first material feeding device 140) PX The material (either separately or alternatively) is fed into the extrusion apparatus 114. Further optionally, the melt extrusion apparatus 114 includes at least one material receiving member 144 for receiving material M comprising polyamide 6 from the at least one second feed device 146. PX 142 and used to transfer material M PX 142 is provided into the melting and conveying space 124. Further optionally, the at least one feeding device 116 includes at least one third feeding device 148 for feeding the liquid medium into the extrusion apparatus 114, wherein the extrusion apparatus 114 further optionally includes at least one material receiving member 150 for receiving the liquid medium from the at least one third feeding device 148 and for providing the liquid medium into the melting and conveying space 124. Further optionally, the feeding device 116 includes at least one metering device 149, preferably at least two metering devices 149.
[0244] An optional cooling component 119 is preferably arranged downstream of the extrusion apparatus 114 and configured to preferably cool the at least one strip 134 obtained from the extrusion apparatus 114 using a cooling medium. A granulation component 118 is preferably arranged downstream of the cooling component 119 for preparing granular material 112 from the at least one cooled strip 134 obtained by the cooling component 119. Further optionally, the granulation component 118 and the cooling component 119 are implemented together in at least one underwater granulator 151.
[0245] Furthermore, in Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for preparing granular material 112 comprising polyamide 6, performed by an exemplary illustrated apparatus 110. The method includes at least the following steps:
[0246] (i) (indicated by reference numeral 152) provides a solid particulate material M comprising polyamide 6. P 122;
[0247] (ii) (indicated by reference numeral 154) the material M provided in step (i) 152 will be... P 122 is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus 114 via at least one material feeding device 116, wherein E includes
[0248] (a) At least one material receiving member 120 for receiving material M from the at least one feeding device 116 P 122 and used to transfer M P 122 is provided into the melting and conveying space 124;
[0249] (b) Melting and conveying space 124, the melting and conveying space being used to make M P 122 contains polyamide 6, which is melted, and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E 126 is conveyed via a preferably rotary conveying member 128 to at least one forming orifice 130, wherein the melting and conveying space 124 has a length L SE 132;
[0250] (c) At least one forming orifice 130, the at least one forming orifice being used by M E 126 Form at least one strip 134;
[0251] (d) At least one degassing member 136, the at least one degassing member being used to remove at least a portion of the gas phase present in the melting and conveying space 124;
[0252] (e) Heating element 138, which is used to provide polyamide 6 melting conditions in the melting and conveying space 124;
[0253] (iii) (indicated by reference numeral 156) melt and transport the material M in space 124. P 122 is subjected to polyamide 6 melting conditions, and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is obtained in the melting and conveying space 124. E 126, and further, in the melting and conveying space 124, material M is obtained. P 122 is a gaseous phase of one or more gaseous decomposition products, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T. M ;
[0254] (iv) (indicated by reference numeral 158) at least a portion of the gas phase obtained in step (iii) 156 is removed from the melting and conveying space 124 via the at least one degassing member 136;
[0255] (v) (indicated by reference numeral 160) at least one strip 134 is removed from the extrusion apparatus 114 via the at least one forming orifice 130, the at least one strip 134 having a temperature T S T S ≤ T M ;
[0256] (vi) Figure 1 (Not shown) Optionally, the at least one strip 134 removed from the extrusion apparatus 114 according to step (v) 160 may be cooled to obtain at least one cooled strip 134 having a temperature T. C T C < T S ;
[0257] (vii) (indicated by reference numeral 162) the at least one optionally cooled strip 134 is subjected to granulation to obtain granular material 112.
[0258] List of reference numerals
[0259] 110 equipment
[0260] 112 granular material M G
[0261] 114 Extrusion Equipment E
[0262] 116 Feeding Device
[0263] 118 Granulation Component M G
[0264] 119 Cooling Component M C
[0265] 120 Material Receiving Component R E
[0266] 122 Solid particulate material M P
[0267] 124 Melting and Conveying Space S E
[0268] 126 mixture M E
[0269] 128 Conveying Component C M
[0270] 130 forming orifice O E
[0271] 132 Length L SE
[0272] 133 Atmospheric Degassing Component
[0273] 134 material bar
[0274] 135 Vacuum Degassing Component
[0275] 136 Degassing Component G E
[0276] 137 Melt Filter
[0277] 138 heating element H E
[0278] 139 Hybrid Components
[0279] 140 Material Feeding Device F1
[0280] 141 Conveying Element
[0281] 142 Material M PX
[0282] 143 Melt Pump
[0283] 144 Material Receiving Component R EX
[0284] 145 start valve
[0285] 146 Material Feeding Device F2
[0286] 148 Material Feeding Device F3
[0287] 149 Metering and Feeding Equipment
[0288] 150 Material Receiving Component R EL
[0289] 151 Underwater Granulator
[0290] 152 Step (i)
[0291] Step 154 (ii)
[0292] Step 156 (iii)
[0293] Step 158 (iv)
[0294] 160 steps (v)
[0295] Step 162 (vi).
Claims
1. A method for preparing granular material M containing polyamide 6 G (112) The method includes (i) Providing a solid particulate material M containing polyamide 6 P (122), where M P (122) contains waste, of which M P (122) is in one or more of the following forms: fiber, filament, granule, and fragment; (ii) The material M provided in (i) P (122) Feed is fed into melt extrusion equipment E (114) via at least one material feeding device F1 (116, 140), wherein E (114) includes (a) At least one material receiving component R E (120), the at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device F1 (116, 140). P (122) and used to transfer M P (122) Provided to the melting and conveying space S E (124) in; (b) The melting and conveying space S E (124), this melting and conveying space is used to make M P (122) contains polyamide 6, which is melted and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E (126) Via conveying component C M (128) Conveyed to at least one forming orifice O E (130), where S E (124) has a length L SE (132); (c) The at least one shaped orifice O E (130), the at least one shaped orifice is used by M E (126) Form at least one strip (134); (d) At least one degassing component G E (136), the at least one degassing component is used to remove S E At least a portion of the gas phase present in (124); (e) Heating component H E (138), the heating element is used in S E (124) provides the melting conditions for polyamide 6; (iii) In S E (124) makes material M P (122) Exposed to polyamide 6 melting conditions, in S E (124) to obtain the mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 E (126), and in S E (124) further obtained the material M containing this material P (122) is a gaseous phase of one or more gaseous decomposition products, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T. M ; (iv) via the at least one degassing component G E (136) From S E (124) remove at least a portion of the gas phase obtained according to (iii); (v) via the at least one forming orifice O E (130) Remove the at least one strip (134) from E (114), the at least one strip (134) having a temperature T S T S ≤ T M ; (vii) subjecting the at least one strip (134) to granulation to obtain the granular material M. G (112).
2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, M P The particles of (122) independently possess a range of 1 to 20,000 mm. 3 The volume within the range is assembled into cuboids with side lengths of 2 mm, 100 mm, and 100 mm.
3. The method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 2, wherein, M P (122) has M-based P (122) The total weight of water content is in the range of 0 to 10 wt%, and additionally or alternatively, 30 to 100 wt% of M P (122) is composed of polyamide 6.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, According to (ii), 50 to 100 wt% of M P (122) via arrangement at L SE (132) At least one feeding device F1 (116) within the downstream nine-tenths of the feed is fed into E (114), wherein the remainder is fed via a feed device arranged in L SE At least one additional feeding device F1 (116) within the uppermost third feeds into E (114).
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, (i) Further includes providing solid particulate material M PX (142), wherein (ii) includes the material M provided according to (i). PX (142) Feeding into the melt extrusion apparatus E (114), and wherein (iii) further includes making S E Material M in (124) PX (142) Exposed to polyamide 6 melting conditions, in S E (124) to obtain the mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 E (126), and in S E (124) further obtained M containing these materials P (122) and M PX (142) One or more gaseous decomposition products of gas, wherein the melting conditions include a melting temperature T M and melt pressure p M ; E (114) further includes (f) At least one material receiving component R EX (144), the at least one material receiving member is used to receive material M from the at least one feeding device (116). PX (142) and used to transfer M PX Provided to the melting and conveying space S E middle; Of which 80 to 100% by weight M PX It is composed of polyamide 6.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein, According to (ii), M PX The material is fed into the melt extrusion apparatus E via the at least one material feeding device F1 (140) and additionally or alternatively via the at least one material feeding device F2 (146).
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein, According to (ii), M P (122) and M PX (142) with a weight ratio M in the range of 0.01:1 to 0.99:1 P / (M P +M PX The material is fed into the extrusion equipment E (114).
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, E(114) further includes (g) at least one mixing element (139) and at least three conveying elements (141); The components are arranged in series.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein, E (114) includes at least two feeding devices F1 (140) and at least one feeding device F2 (146) as defined in claim 7, wherein the total number of feeding devices (116) is equal to the number of these mixing elements (139) according to (g).
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, According to (vii), the granular material M was obtained G (112) Has one or more of the following: - The bulk density in the range of 500 to 1200 g / l as determined by DIN ISO 697:1982, or the bulk density in the range of 450 to 1200 g / l as determined by DIN ISO 697:1982. - Particle mass in the range of 0.2 to 70 mg or particle mass in the range of 0.2 to 100 mg; and - Maximum particle length in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm.
11. A granular material M G (112), which can be obtained or acquired by the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, 30 to 100% by weight of M G (112) Composed of polyamide 6.
12. A method for preparing granular material M by any one of claims 1 to 10 G (112) device (110), said device (110) includes (A) Melt extrusion equipment E (114), the melt extrusion equipment including (a) At least one material receiving component R E (120), the at least one material receiving member is used to receive solid particulate material M containing polyamide 6 from at least one feeding device F1 (116, 140). P (122) and used to transfer M P (122) Provided to the melting and conveying space S E (124) in; (b) The melting and conveying space S E (124), this melting and conveying space is used to make M P (122) contains polyamide 6, which is melted and a mixture M containing molten polyamide 6 is formed. E (126) Via conveying component C M (128) Conveyed to at least one forming orifice O E (130), where S E (124) has a length L SE (132); (c) The at least one shaped orifice O E (130), the at least one shaped orifice is used by M E (126) Form at least one strip (134); (d) At least one degassing component G E (136), the at least one degassing component is used to remove S E At least a portion of the gas phase present in (124); (e) Heating component H E (138), the heating element is used in S E (124) provides the melting conditions for polyamide 6; (B) At least one feeding device (116), the at least one feeding device comprising (a) At least one material feeding device F1 (140), the at least one material feeding device being used to feed material M P (122) Feed the material into E(114); (D) Granulation component M G (118), the granulation component is arranged in O E Downstream of (130), for use by passing through at least one forming orifice O E (130) The at least one strip formed (134) prepares the granular material M G (112).
13. A method for processing granular material M as described in claim 11 G (112) Preparation of a stream containing purified ε-caprolactam CPL The method, in which, Preparation of this flow S CPL include (α) Provides solid material M G (112) flow S M ; (β) Preparation based on S M Aqueous depolymerization mixtures; (γ) causes the aqueous depolymerization mixture to react in unit U. R The polyamide 6 was subjected to depolymerization conditions to obtain a product containing a concentration of c SR Liquid aqueous flow S of ε-caprolactam dissolved in water R The stream S R It further contains one or more impurities; (δ) The liquid water flow S R Passing through evaporation unit U E In the middle, by S R Obtain the concentration c SL Liquid aqueous flow S of ε-caprolactam dissolved in water L , where c SL > c SR And further by S R Obtain one or more water vapor streams S V ; (ε) This water flow S L Introduced into the heat-consuming purification unit U P In the middle, by S L Obtain the concentration c SCPL The flow of ε-caprolactam S CPL ,in c SCPL >> c SL And further by S L Obtain one or more water-borne flows S RW U P At least a portion of the heat consumed is generated by one or more streams S V At least one of them is provided, so that the at least one stream S is provided. V Obtain at least one at least partially condensed aqueous flow S VW ; (ζ) will have at least one stream S VW At least partially recycled to the reaction unit U R And at least one stream S RW At least partially recycled to the reaction unit U R .
14. A method for preparing one or more polymers and polymer products, said method comprising employing S according to step (ε) of claim 13. CPL As starting material.
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