Rock high and steep slope vegetation supporting system and construction method and application

Abstract

The invention provides a rock high and steep slope vegetation supporting system and a construction method and application, and belongs to the technical field of mine slope ecological restoration and protection. The rock high and steep slope vegetation supporting system comprises a vegetation layer (1), a water and fertilizer slow release device (2) and an ecological anchor point structure (3). The ecological anchor point structure (3) comprises an anchor rod (3-3), an anchor disc (3-2) and a U-shaped clamp (3-1). According to the system, modular design is adopted, the procedures of anchor rod drilling, anchor disc connection, water and fertilizer filling, vegetation laying and the like are simple, the system is suitable for rock slopes of 50 degrees or above, and ecological negative effects of cement-based materials are effectively avoided. Local plant species are selected for the vegetation layer, the integration degree of the vegetation layer and an ecological system is high, unification of slope protection and ecological restoration is achieved, and a long-acting solution can be provided for the high and steep slope of the mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration and protection technology for mine slopes, and particularly relates to a vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, its construction method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Due to complex geological conditions and steep slopes, rocky slopes lack the soil and nutrient base required for vegetation growth. In addition, water and fertilizer are easily lost, making it difficult for vegetation to obtain the necessary water and nutrient supply.

[0003] Traditional support methods (such as gravity retaining walls and pile-slab retaining walls) provide structural stability but struggle to achieve ecological restoration and long-term vegetation maintenance. Among existing technologies, Stabilized Soil Planting (SSP) can quickly close slopes and restore vegetation, but its reliance on cement-based materials may inhibit root development. While the ecological protection structure for steep rock slopes disclosed in patent CN 222614254 U optimizes anchor stability, it fails to address the problem of water shortage during droughts. Hydroseeding, which sprays topsoil containing grass seeds, fertilizer, and water-retaining agents onto the slope, is prone to slippage on steep slopes, making it difficult to establish a stable foundation for vegetation growth. Three-dimensional vegetation netting can stabilize topsoil, but its adhesion to rock slopes and its ability to retain water and fertilizer are limited, making it difficult to meet the long-term needs of vegetation growth. In addition, most existing technologies fail to fully consider the unique structural characteristics of rocky slopes, making it difficult for vegetation to adhere closely to the slope and thus making it difficult to achieve long-term stable growth of slope vegetation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vegetation support system and construction method that adapts to the special conditions of steep rock slopes, and combines structural stability, ecological compatibility, and long-term water and nutrient supply, so as to achieve the effect of long-term slope stability and continuous vegetation growth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, its construction method and application, so as to solve the shortcomings of existing ecological restoration methods for steep rock slopes, which make it difficult to achieve slope structural stability, long-term vegetation growth and construction convenience in a coordinated manner.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, including a vegetation layer, a water and fertilizer slow-release device, and an ecological anchor point structure. The ecological anchor structure includes anchor rods, anchor plates, and connectors.

[0007] Preferably, one end of the anchor rod is vertically inserted into the center of the bottom of the slope groove through a drill hole, and the other end is exposed outside the bottom surface of the groove. The anchor plate is connected to the anchor rod. Eight connecting holes are bored on the edge of the anchor plate. The connecting member includes four U-shaped clips. The two ends of the U-shaped clip are connected to the water and fertilizer slow-release device and the anchor plate through the connecting holes. The vegetation layer is laid above the water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0008] Preferably, there is a central hole on the anchor plate, and the exposed end of the anchor rod passes through the central hole and is embedded in the anchor plate; the fixation method of the anchor plate and the anchor rod is welding, and the welding position is the central hole of the anchor plate and the top of the exposed end of the anchor rod. The aperture of the central hole is 20-40 mm; The yield strength of the anchor rod is 450-550 MPa, the tensile strength is 500-650 MPa, the diameter is 20-40 mm, and the length is 1.5-3.5 m; the size of the slope groove is 450 mm×450 mm×480 mm, the spacing is 1-3 m, and it is distributed in a "pin" shape; the aperture of the drill hole at the bottom of the slope groove is 30-40 mm, and the hole depth is 1-4.5 m; the anchoring depth of the anchor rod is 1.5 m-3.5 m, and the length of the exposed end is 100-150 mm; The yield strength of the anchor plate is 450-550 MPa, the tensile strength is 500-650 MPa, the diameter is 350-450 mm, and the thickness is 10-15 mm; the aperture of the connecting hole is 12-20 mm, and the distance from the center of the connecting hole to the edge of the anchor plate is 40-6o mm; the spacing between adjacent connecting holes is 50-100 mm; The yield strength of the U-shaped clip is 450-550 MPa, and the tensile strength is 500-650 MPa; The U-shaped clip includes a U-shaped clip rod and a U-shaped clip fixing nut. The distance between the two ends of the U-shaped clip fixing nut is 50-100 mm, the length of the U-shaped clip rod is 100-150 mm, and the diameter of the U-shaped clip rod is 12-20 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the water and fertilizer slow-release device includes a protective net, a water retention bag and a composite water retention matrix.

[0010] Preferably, the water retention bag is in a cuboid shape with dimensions of 300 mm×300 mm×200 mm; the material of the water retention bag includes geotextile. The longitudinal breaking strength of the geotextile is 15-30 kN / m, the transverse breaking strength is 12-28 kN / m, the gram weight is 250-750 g / m², the thickness is 2-4 mm, the vertical permeability coefficient is 1 ¹~1 ³ mm / s, and the water absorption height is 100-150 mm / 10 min; The water-retaining bag is filled with a composite water-retaining matrix, which contains the following components by weight percentage: 0.1-0.3% large-particle water-retaining agent, 25-35% garden soil, 30-40% peat moss, 10-15% slow-release fertilizer, 5-10% cellulase, and the balance being water. The large-particle water-retaining agent includes polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylamide; the slow-release fertilizer includes macro-element fertilizer and micro-element fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of macro-element fertilizer to micro-element fertilizer is 9~4:1~6; the macro-element fertilizer includes the following components by mass fraction: 25~35% urea, 40~55% calcium magnesium phosphate and 15~35% potassium nitrate; the micro-element fertilizer includes the following components by mass fraction: 25~35% potassium silicate, 20~30% zinc sulfate, 20~35% ammonium molybdate and 20~30% borax; The protective netting is wrapped around the top and sides of the water-retaining bag. The protective netting is made of galvanized iron wire mesh, and the mesh size of the protective netting is 30mm×30mm.

[0011] Preferably, the vegetation layer comprises substrate blocks, sulfur powder, and plant seeds.

[0012] Preferably, the substrate block comprises the following components by mass percentage: 35-45% garden soil, 25-35% composite organic matter, 15-25% vermiculite, and 5-15% binder; the pH value of the garden soil is 5.5-6.5; the composite organic matter includes crop straw powder, humic acid, and organic matter synergist, and the ratio of crop straw powder, humic acid, and organic matter synergist is 3-6:1-5:2-5; the crop straw powder includes any one of corn straw powder, rice straw powder, and wheat straw powder; the organic matter synergist includes chitosan oligosaccharide; and the binder includes slope greening adhesive. The plant seeds include herbaceous plants and shrubs. The herbaceous plants include bermudagrass and tall fescue, and the shrubs include Amorpha fruticosa and Broussonetia papyrifera. The plant seeds are treated with sulfur powder before sowing; the amount of sulfur powder used is 0.5% to 1% of the seed weight; the sowing rate of the herbaceous plants is 1 to 3 g / m². 2 The seeding rate of the shrubs is 2-6 g / m². 2 .

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for constructing the vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, comprising the following steps: S1. Excavate a groove on the slope and drill a hole vertically toward the center of the bottom of the groove. S2. Insert the anchor rod into the drill hole and inject cement mortar into the hole; S3. Weld the anchor plate to the joint between the exposed end of the anchor rod and the center hole of the anchor plate; S4. Fill the water retention bag with a composite water retention matrix, and wrap the upper and side surfaces of the water retention bag with a protective net; S5. Connect the water and fertilizer slow-release device to the anchor plate with a U-shaped clamp; S6. Uniformly lay the matrix blocks on the surface of the protective net above the water and fertilizer slow-release device; S7. Fill the gaps between the periphery of the vegetation support system and the slope groove with the composite water retention matrix and compact it fully; S8. Sow the plant seeds on the surface of the matrix blocks, cover the soil and gently press to make the plant seeds fully contact with the matrix.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the described rock high-steep slope vegetation support system in the ecological restoration and protection of mine slopes.

[0015] Preferably, the slope of the rock high-steep slope is more than 50°.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses high-strength alloy steel bolts with a yield strength of 450-550 MPa and a tensile strength of 500-650 MPa to actively reinforce the slope through prestress, and配合 with the "pin" type groove design (spacing 1-3 m) to effectively prevent the rock mass from slipping and deforming. The anchor plate (diameter 350-450 mm, thickness 10-15 mm, alloy steel) disperses stress and enhances the anchoring stability; the U-shaped clamp connector (diameter 12-20 mm, alloy steel) firmly connects the water and fertilizer device to the anchor plate to form an integral stress system, solving the problem of the synergy between traditional support and ecological restoration.

[0017] 2. The water and fertilizer slow-release device of the present invention uses high-strength anti-aging geotextile (longitudinal breaking strength 15-30 kN / m, transverse 12-28 kN / m, permeability coefficient 1 ) ¹~1 ³ mm / s), and is filled with a composite water retention matrix: containing 0.1-0.3% large particle water retention agent (polyacrylamide type) for efficient water absorption, 10-15% slow-release fertilizer (containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements such as silicon and zinc) and 5-10% cellulase to release nutrients synergistically. Compared with the traditional soil spraying, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is increased by more than 50%, solving the problem of water shortage for vegetation in the dry period of high-steep slopes. [[ID=?]]

[0018] 3. The vegetation substrate blocks of this invention are composed of 35-45% garden soil (pH 5.5-6.5), 25-35% composite organic matter (straw powder, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide), 15-25% vermiculite, and 5-15% binder. They are hot-pressed (pressure 4-6 MPa, temperature 100-180℃, bulk density 0.5-0.9 g / mm³) to provide a suitable environment for root growth. Seeds are treated with 0.5-1% sulfur powder and combined with a reasonable ratio of herbaceous plants (1-3 g / m²) and shrubs (2-6 g / m²). The vegetation survival rate reaches over 91%, and the coverage reaches over 81.5%, overcoming the root inhibition and poor adhesion defects of SSP technology and three-dimensional vegetation nets.

[0019] 4. The water-retaining bag of this invention is wrapped with a galvanized iron wire mesh with a pore size of 30mm × 30mm, and rigidly connected to the anchor plate with U-shaped clips to prevent the substrate from slipping and resist rainwater erosion. The geotextile is acid and alkali resistant, corrosion resistant, and UV resistant (weight 250~750g / m², thickness 2~4mm). The optimized ratio of composite water-retaining substrate and substrate blocks enhances anti-aging ability. The vegetation damage rate during the rainy season is only 7.7%, far lower than the 14.2% of traditional three-dimensional vegetation nets.

[0020] 5. This invention adopts a modular system design, simplifying processes such as anchor drilling, anchor plate welding, water and fertilizer filling, and vegetation laying. It is suitable for rock slopes of 50°~65° and above, effectively avoiding the negative ecological impacts of cement-based materials. The vegetation layer uses native plant species, which have a high degree of integration with the ecosystem, achieving a unified approach to slope protection and ecological restoration, and providing a long-term solution for steep mine slopes. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vegetation support system for steep rock slopes of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional stereoscopic view of the vegetation support system for steep rock slopes of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped card structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor plate structure and the connection between the anchor plate and the anchor bolt; Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Vegetation layer; 2. Slow-release water and fertilizer device; 2-1. Protective net; 2-2. Water-retaining bag; 3. Ecological anchor point structure; 3-1. U-shaped clip; 3-1-1. U-shaped clip rod; 3-1-2. U-shaped clip fixing nut; 3-2. Anchor plate; 3-3. Anchor rod; 4. Groove; 5. Slope. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, including a vegetation layer 1, a water and fertilizer slow-release device 2, and an ecological anchor point structure 3. The ecological anchor structure 3 includes an anchor rod 3-3, an anchor plate 3-2, and a connector.

[0023] In the present invention, one end of the anchor rod 3-3 is vertically inserted into the center of the bottom of the slope groove through drilling, and the other end is exposed outside the bottom surface of the groove and connected to the central hole of the anchor plate. The anchor plate 3-2 and the anchor rod 3-3 are connected. Eight connecting holes are bored on the edge of the anchor plate 3-2. The connecting member includes a U-shaped clamp 3-1. The two ends of the U-shaped clamp 3-1 are connected to the water and fertilizer slow-release device 2 and the anchor plate 3-2 through the connecting holes. The fixing nut 3-1-2 of the U-shaped clamp is tightened with a wrench. The vegetation layer 1 is laid above the water and fertilizer slow-release device 2. There is a central hole on the anchor plate 3-2, and the exposed end of the anchor rod 3-3 passes through the central hole and is embedded in the anchor plate 3-2. The fixing method of the anchor plate 3-2 and the anchor rod 3-3 is welding, and the welding position is the central hole of the anchor plate 3-2 and the top of the exposed end of the anchor rod 3-3. The aperture of the central hole is 20-40 mm. The anchor rod is made of high-strength alloy steel or structural steel, and actively reinforces the rock slope by applying prestress to stabilize the slope surface and prevent the rock mass from slipping and deforming. The yield strength of the anchor rod 3-3 is preferably 450-550 MPa, and more preferably 500 MPa. The tensile strength is preferably 500-650 MPa, and more preferably 550 MPa. The diameter is preferably 20-40 mm, and more preferably 25-35 mm. The length is preferably 1.5-3.5 m, and more preferably 2.5-3 m. The size of the slope groove is 450 mm×450 mm×480 mm, and the spacing is preferably 1-3 m, and more preferably 1.5-2.5 m, and is distributed in a "pin" shape. The aperture of the drilling hole at the bottom of the slope groove is preferably 30-40 mm, and more preferably 32-38 mm. The hole depth is preferably 1-4.5 m, and more preferably 3-4 m. The anchoring depth of the anchor rod 3-3 is preferably 1.5 m-3.5 m, and more preferably 2-3 m. The length of the exposed end is preferably 100-150 mm, and more preferably 130 mm. The anchor plate 3-2 is a circular steel plate, made of high-strength alloy steel or structural steel, and has the functions of dispersing stress, enhancing the anchoring stability and supporting the connecting member. The yield strength of the anchor plate 3-2 is preferably 450-550 MPa, and more preferably 500 MPa. The tensile strength is preferably 500-650 MPa, and more preferably 550 MPa. The diameter is preferably 350-450 mm, and more preferably 380-430 mm. The thickness is preferably 10-15 mm, and more preferably 12-13 mm. The aperture of the connecting hole is preferably 12-20 mm, and more preferably 15 mm. The distance from the center of the connecting hole to the edge of the anchor plate is preferably 40-60 mm, and more preferably 50 mm. The spacing between adjacent connecting holes is preferably 50-100 mm, and more preferably 80 mm.The U-shaped clip 3-1 is made of high-strength steel bars, which are round steel bars. The diameter of the steel bars is preferably 12~20mm, more preferably 15mm; the yield strength is preferably 450~550MPa, more preferably 500MPa; the tensile strength is preferably 500~650MPa, more preferably 600MPa; the U-shaped clip 3-1 includes a U-shaped clip rod 3-1-1 and a U-shaped clip fixing nut 3-1-2. The distance between the two ends of the U-shaped clip fixing nut 3-1-2 is preferably 50~100mm, more preferably 60mm; the length of the U-shaped clip rod 3-1-1 is preferably 100~150mm, more preferably 120mm; the diameter of the U-shaped clip rod 3-1-1 is 12~20mm.

[0024] In this invention, the water and fertilizer slow-release device 2 includes a protective net 2-1, a water-retaining bag 2-2, and a composite water-retaining matrix. The water-retaining bag 2-2 is rectangular, with dimensions of 300mm × 300mm × 200mm. The material of the water-retaining bag 2-2 includes geotextile (polyester / polypropylene), which is high-strength, aging-resistant, and has acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, and UV decomposition resistance. The longitudinal tensile strength of the geotextile is preferably 15~30kN / m, more preferably 18kN / m; the transverse tensile strength is preferably 12~28kN / m, more preferably 15kN / m; the basis weight is preferably 250~750g / m², more preferably 350~550g / m²; the thickness is preferably 2~4mm, more preferably 1~5mm; and the vertical permeability coefficient is preferably 1. ¹~1 ³mm / s, further preferably 1 2The water absorption rate is mm / s; the water absorption height is preferably 100~150mm / 10min, more preferably 120mm / 10min. The water-retaining bag 2-2 is internally filled with a composite water-retaining matrix, which comprises the following components by mass percentage: 0.1~0.3% large-particle water-retaining agent, 25~35% garden soil, 30~40% peat moss, 10~15% slow-release fertilizer, 5~10% cellulase, and the balance being water; the large-particle water-retaining agent includes polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylamide, and the preferred addition amount is 0.2%; the preferred addition amount of garden soil is 30%; the preferred addition amount of peat moss is 35%; the preferred addition amount of slow-release fertilizer is 12%, and the slow-release fertilizer includes macro-element fertilizer and micro-element fertilizer, with the preferred mass ratio of macro-element fertilizer to micro-element fertilizer being 9~4:1~6, more preferably... The ratio is selected as 7:3; the macro-element fertilizer comprises the following components by mass fraction: 25-35% urea, 40-55% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 15-35% potassium nitrate, wherein the amount of urea added is preferably 25%, the amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer added is preferably 45%, and the amount of potassium nitrate added is preferably 30%; the micro-element fertilizer comprises the following components by mass fraction: 25-35% potassium silicate, 20-30% zinc sulfate, 20-35% ammonium molybdate and 20-30% borax; wherein the amount of potassium silicate added is preferably 27%, the amount of zinc sulfate added is preferably 25%, the amount of ammonium molybdate added is preferably 25%, and the amount of borax added is preferably 23%; the amount of cellulase added is preferably 7.5%. The preparation method of the composite water-retaining matrix includes the following steps: S1 Pre-absorbing water into a gel state with polyacrylamide; S2 Mixing macro-element fertilizer and micro-element fertilizer, and drying to obtain slow-release fertilizer; S3 Diluting cellulase with 5 times the amount of water at room temperature; S4 Adding garden soil, peat moss, and slow-release fertilizer to a horizontal dry powder mixer in sequence, mixing and stirring for 10 minutes until uniform to obtain mixture A; S5 Transferring mixture A to a vertical wet material mixer, adding water-retaining agent gel and cellulase solution, and continuing to stir for 5 minutes (controlling the water content to 20%~25%), and mixing evenly to obtain mixture B; S6 Letting mixture B stand for 24 hours to allow the moisture to distribute evenly, and removing lumps through a 3~5mm sieve, which is the composite water-retaining matrix. The protective netting covers the top and sides of the water-retaining bag. The protective netting 2-1 is made of galvanized iron wire mesh with a mesh size of 30mm×30mm. It is used to wrap the water-retaining bag and the composite water-retaining substrate inside the bag, and also serves to prevent external damage and animal grazing.

[0025] In this invention, the vegetation layer 1 comprises substrate blocks, sulfur powder, and plant seeds. The substrate blocks comprise the following components by weight percentage: 35-45% garden soil, 25-35% composite organic matter, 15-25% vermiculite, and 5-15% binder; the amount of garden soil added is preferably 40%, and the pH value of the garden soil is 5.5-6.5; the amount of composite organic matter added is preferably 30%, and the composite organic matter includes crop straw powder, humic acid, and organic matter synergist, and the ratio of the amount of crop straw powder, humic acid, and organic matter synergist is preferably 3-6:1-5:2-5, more preferably 4:3:3; the crop straw powder includes any one of corn straw powder, rice straw powder, and wheat straw powder; the organic matter synergist includes chitosan oligosaccharide; the amount of vermiculite added is preferably 22%; the amount of binder added is preferably 8%, and the binder includes slope greening adhesive. The plant seeds include herbaceous plants and shrubs. The herbaceous plants include bermudagrass and tall fescue, and the shrubs include Amorpha fruticosa and Broussonetia papyrifera. Before sowing, the plant seeds are treated with a mixture of sulfur powder and then sealed for 3 days. The preferred amount of sulfur powder is 0.5% to 1% of the seed weight, more preferably 0.7%. The preferred sowing rate of the herbaceous plants is 1 to 3 g / m². 2 Further preferred is 2g / m 2 The preferred sowing rate for the shrubs is 2-6 g / m². 2 Further preferred is 4g / m 2The preparation method of the substrate blocks includes the following steps: A1. After removing impurities from the garden soil, crush it to a particle size ≤2 mm; crush vermiculite to a particle size of 2~4 mm, preferably 3 mm; dilute the slope greening adhesive for later use; A2. Mix crop straw powder, humic acid, and chitosan oligosaccharide in proportion and ferment for 7~10 days, preferably 8 days; A3. Add the garden soil, composite organic matter, and vermiculite to a horizontal dry powder mixer in proportion, and dry mix for 10 minutes until uniform; transfer to a vertical wet material mixer, add the diluted binder, and continue mixing for 15 minutes to form a mixture with a moisture content of 30%~40%, preferably 35%; A4. Fill the mixture into a mold (inner diameter 350 mm × 350 mm × 150 mm), and use a hot pressing molding process. The working pressure is 4~6 MPa, preferably 5 MPa; the temperature is 100~180℃, preferably 135℃; the thickness is 100~200 mm. The thickness is mm, preferably 150 mm; the bulk density is 0.5~0.9 g / mm³, preferably 0.8 g / mm³. After molding, the compacted block is removed and left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours until the substrate structure stabilizes, thus obtaining the substrate block. The vegetation layer preparation method includes the following steps: B1, evenly spreading the substrate block on the surface above the water and fertilizer slow-release device 2; B2, sowing seeds according to the ratio; B3, covering with crushed garden soil, the garden soil particle size is 0.5~1 mm, preferably 0.7 mm; lightly pressing the surface soil layer to ensure full contact between the seeds and the substrate.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for constructing the vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, comprising the following steps: S1. Excavate a groove on the slope and drill a hole vertically toward the center of the bottom of the groove. S2. Insert anchor rod 3-3 into the drill hole and inject cement mortar into the hole; S3. Weld the anchor plate 3-2 to the joint between the exposed end of the anchor rod 3-3 and the center hole of the anchor plate 3-2; S4. Fill the water-retaining bag 2-2 with composite water-retaining matrix, and wrap the top and sides of the water-retaining bag 2-2 with protective netting 2-1; S5. Connect the water and fertilizer slow-release device 2 to the anchor plate 3-2 using U-shaped clips 3-1; S6. Spread the substrate blocks evenly on the surface of the protective net 2-1 above the water and fertilizer slow release device 2; S7. Fill the gaps between the vegetation support system and the slope groove with composite water-retaining matrix. S8. Sow the plant seeds on the surface of the substrate block, cover with soil and press lightly to ensure full contact between the plant seeds and the substrate.

[0027] This invention also provides the application of the aforementioned vegetation support system for steep rock slopes in the ecological restoration and protection of mine slopes. In this invention, the slope of the steep rock slope is greater than 50°.

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] Ecological restoration method for steep rocky slopes

[0031] The restoration method of this embodiment is applicable to restoring rocky slopes with a slope of 50° - 60°.

[0032] 1. Clean the slope surface and excavate grooves

[0033] Clean the loose stones on the slope surface, and use a longitudinal milling machine to excavate grooves with a size of 450 mm × 450 mm × 350 mm downward on the slope surface. The groove spacing is 2 m, and they are distributed in a "pin" shape; use a drill to vertically drill holes at the bottom of the groove, with a hole diameter of 32 mm and a hole depth of 3 m.

[0034] 2. Manufacture and install the ecological anchor point structure

[0035] Obtain a bolt made of alloy steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MPa, with a length of 2.5 m and a diameter of 25 mm; one end of the bolt penetrates into the groove on the slope surface through drilling, and the other end is exposed outside the slope surface; the anchoring depth of the bolt is 2.37 m, and the length of the exposed end is 130 mm; insert the bolt into the hole to make the bolt centered in the hole, and inject M20 cement mortar into the hole to firmly combine the bolt with the slope surface; Obtain an anchor plate made of alloy steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MPa, with a diameter of 380 mm and a thickness of 12 mm; the edge of the anchor plate is bored with connecting holes with a diameter of 15 mm, the edge distance of the holes is 50 mm, and the spacing is 80 mm; the anchor plate is bored with a central hole with a diameter of 25 mm, and the bolt is vertically embedded into the central hole, and the anchor plate is welded at the joint of the exposed end of the bolt and the central hole of the anchor plate; Obtain a connecting piece U-shaped clamp made of round steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa, a tensile strength of 600 MPa, and a diameter of 15 mm. The distance between the two ends of the fixing bolt of the U-shaped clamp is 60 mm, and the length of the U-shaped clamp rod is 120 mm.

[0036] 3. Prepare and install the water and fertilizer slow-release device

[0037] Obtain a polyester geotextile with a longitudinal breaking strength of 18 kN / m, a transverse breaking strength of 15 kN / m, a vertical permeability coefficient of 10 -2 mm / s, a water absorption height of 120 mm / 10 min, a gram weight of 350 g / m², and a thickness of 4 mm to obtain a cuboid water retention bag with a size of 300 mm × 300 mm × 200 mm; Take 0.2% polyacrylamide, 30% garden soil, 35% peat soil, 12% slow-release fertilizer, 7.5% cellulase and the balance water respectively to prepare a composite water-retaining matrix; Polyacrylamide was pre-absorbed to a gel state; macro-element fertilizers (25% urea, 45% calcium magnesium phosphate and 30% potassium nitrate) and micro-element fertilizers (27% potassium silicate, 25% zinc sulfate, 25% ammonium molybdate and 23% borax) were mixed in a 7:3 ratio and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer; cellulase was diluted with 5 times the amount of water at room temperature; garden soil, peat moss and slow-release fertilizer were added to a horizontal dry powder mixer in sequence and mixed for 10 minutes until uniform to obtain mixture A; mixture A was transferred to a vertical wet material mixer, polyacrylamide gel and cellulase solution were added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes until uniform to obtain mixture B (20% water content); mixture B was allowed to stand for 24 hours, and clumps were removed by passing it through a 3-5 mm sieve to obtain a composite water-retaining matrix.

[0038] The protective netting is obtained by taking galvanized iron wire mesh with a mesh size of 30mm×30mm.

[0039] Fill the water-retaining bag with a composite water-retaining matrix and compact it thoroughly. Wrap the outside of the water-retaining bag filled with the composite water-retaining matrix with a protective net to obtain a water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0040] Pass the two ends of the U-shaped bolts through the connection holes of the anchor plate and the protective mesh of the water and fertilizer slow-release device, respectively, and tighten them with bolts to complete the installation of the water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0041] 4. Preparation and assembly of vegetation layer

[0042] Take garden soil with a pH of 5.5, remove impurities and crush it to a particle size of 2mm; take vermiculite and crush it to a particle size of 3mm; take slope greening adhesive and dilute it at a ratio of 10%.

[0043] Four parts of crop straw powder, three parts of humic acid and three parts of chitosan were mixed to obtain a composite organic matter.

[0044] 40% of garden soil with a pH of 5.5, 30% of composite organic matter, 22% of vermiculite, and 8% of slope greening binder were mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture was filled into a mold with dimensions of 350 mm × 350 mm × 150 mm, and hot-pressed at 5 MPa and 135℃. After standing for 24 hours, a matrix block with a thickness of 150 mm and a bulk density of 0.8 g / mm³ was obtained.

[0045] Mix tall fescue seeds with sulfur powder at 0.7% of their weight in Amorpha fruticosa seeds, seal the mixture for 3 days, and obtain the seed stock.

[0046] Lay the substrate blocks on the surface of the protective netting directly above the slow-release water and fertilizer device, at a concentration of 2g / m². 2 Take the herbaceous plant seed and apply 4g / m³2 After uniformly mixing the seeding bodies of shrub plants by volume measurement, they are evenly sown on the surface of the substrate blocks, covered with 0.7 mm thick crushed garden soil, and the surface soil layer is gently pressed to make the seeds fully contact with the substrate, thus obtaining the vegetation layer.

[0047] Example 2: Ecological restoration method for steep rocky slopes

[0048] The restoration method of this example is applicable to restoring rocky slopes with a slope of 55° - 65°.

[0049] 1. Clean the slope surface and excavate grooves

[0050] Clean the loose stones on the slope surface, and use a longitudinal milling machine to excavate grooves with a size of 450 mm × 450 mm × 350 mm downward on the slope surface. The groove spacing is 2.3 m, and they are distributed in a "pin" shape; use a drill to vertically drill holes at the bottom of the grooves, with a hole diameter of 35 mm and a hole depth of 3.5 m.

[0051] 2. Manufacture and install the ecological anchor point structure

[0052] Take alloy steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MPa to obtain a bolt with a length of 3 m and a diameter of 2.8 mm; one end of the bolt penetrates into the slope surface groove through drilling, and the other end is exposed outside the slope surface; the anchoring depth of the bolt is 2.87 m, and the length of the exposed end is 130 mm; insert the bolt into the hole until it reaches the bottom, make the bolt centered in the hole, and inject M20 cement mortar into the hole to firmly combine the bolt with the slope surface; Take alloy steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MPa to obtain an anchor plate with a diameter of 400 mm and a thickness of 12.5 mm; there are connecting holes with a diameter of 15 mm bored on the edge of the anchor plate, the edge distance of the holes is 50 mm, and the spacing is 80 mm; there is a center hole with a diameter of 25 mm bored on the anchor plate, and the bolt is vertically embedded into the center hole, and the anchor plate is welded at the joint of the exposed end of the bolt and the center hole of the anchor plate; Take round steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa, a tensile strength of 600 MPa, and a diameter of 15 mm to obtain a U-shaped connecting piece. The distance between the two ends of the U-shaped connecting piece bolt is 60 mm, and the length of the U-shaped connecting piece rod is 120 mm.

[0053] 3. Prepare and install the water and fertilizer slow-release device

[0054] Take polyester geotextile with a longitudinal breaking strength of 18 kN / m, a transverse breaking strength of 15 kN / m, a vertical permeability coefficient of 10 -2 mm / s, a water absorption height of 120 mm / 10 min, a gram weight of 400 g / m², and a thickness of 2.5 mm to obtain a cuboid water retention bag with a size of 300 mm × 300 mm × 200 mm; Take 0.2% sodium polyacrylamide, 30% garden soil, 35% peat soil, 12% slow-release fertilizer, 7.5% cellulase and the balance water respectively to prepare a composite water-retaining matrix; Polyacrylamide was pre-absorbed to a gel state; macro-element fertilizers (25% urea, 45% calcium magnesium phosphate and 30% potassium nitrate) and micro-element fertilizers (27% potassium silicate, 25% zinc sulfate, 25% ammonium molybdate and 23% borax) were mixed in a 7:3 ratio and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer; cellulase was diluted with 5 times its volume of water at room temperature; garden soil, peat moss and slow-release fertilizer were added to a horizontal dry powder mixer in sequence and mixed for 10 minutes until uniform to obtain mixture A; mixture A was transferred to a vertical wet material mixer, sodium polyacrylamide gel and cellulase solution were added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes until uniform to obtain mixture B (25% water content); mixture B was allowed to stand for 24 hours, and clumps were removed by passing it through a 3-5 mm sieve to obtain a composite water-retaining matrix.

[0055] The protective netting is obtained by taking galvanized iron wire mesh with a mesh size of 30mm×30mm.

[0056] Fill the water-retaining bag with a composite water-retaining matrix and compact it thoroughly. Wrap the outside of the water-retaining bag filled with the composite water-retaining matrix with a protective net to obtain a water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0057] Pass the two ends of the U-shaped bolts through the connection holes of the anchor plate and the protective mesh of the water and fertilizer slow-release device, respectively, and tighten them with bolts to complete the installation of the water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0058] 4. Preparation and assembly of vegetation layer

[0059] Take garden soil with a pH of 6, remove impurities and crush it to a particle size of 1.5 mm; take vermiculite and crush it to a particle size of 3 mm; take slope greening adhesive and dilute it at a ratio of 10%.

[0060] Four parts of crop straw powder, three parts of humic acid and three parts of chitosan were mixed to obtain a composite organic matter.

[0061] 40% of garden soil with pH 6, 30% of composite organic matter, 22% of vermiculite, and 8% of slope greening binder were mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture was filled into a mold with dimensions of 350 mm × 350 mm × 150 mm, and hot-pressed at 5 MPa and 135℃. After standing for 24 hours, a matrix block with a thickness of 150 mm and a bulk density of 0.8 g / mm³ was obtained.

[0062] Take 0.7% of the weight of Bermuda grass seeds and paper mulberry seeds, mix them with sulfur powder, seal them for 3 days, and obtain seed bodies.

[0063] Lay the substrate blocks on the surface of the protective netting directly above the slow-release water and fertilizer device, at a density of 2g / m². 2 Take the amount of Cynodon dactylon seeds and apply at 4g / m³2 After measuring and mixing the Broussonetia papyrifera sowing bodies evenly, they are evenly spread on the surface of the substrate block, covered with 7 mm thick crushed garden soil, and the surface soil layer is gently pressed to make the seeds fully contact with the substrate, thus obtaining the vegetation layer.

[0064] Example 3: Ecological restoration method for rocky high-steep slopes

[0065] The restoration method of this example is applicable to restoring rocky slopes with a slope of more than 65°.

[0066] 1. Clean the slope surface and excavate grooves

[0067] Clean the loose stones on the slope surface, and use a longitudinal milling machine to excavate grooves with a size of 450 mm × 450 mm × 350 mm downward on the slope surface. The groove spacing is 2.5 m, and they are distributed in a "pin" shape; use a drill to vertically drill holes into the grooves, with a hole diameter of 38 mm and a hole depth of 4 m.

[0068] 1. Manufacture and install the ecological anchor point structure [[ID={18]]

[0069] Take alloy steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MPa to obtain a bolt with a length of 3.5 m and a diameter of 35 mm; one end of the bolt penetrates into the slope surface groove through drilling, and the other end is exposed outside the slope surface; the anchoring depth of the bolt is 3.37 m, and the length of the exposed end is 130 mm; insert the bolt into the hole until it reaches the bottom, make the bolt centered in the hole, and inject M20 cement mortar into the hole to firmly combine the bolt with the slope surface; Take alloy steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MPa to obtain an anchor plate with a diameter of 430 mm and a thickness of 13 mm; the edge of the anchor plate is bored with connecting holes with a diameter of 17 mm, the edge distance of the holes is 50 mm, and the spacing is 80 mm; weld the anchor plate to the exposed end of the bolt, and the bolt and the anchor plate are perpendicular; Take round steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa, a tensile strength of 600 MPa, and a diameter of 17 mm to obtain a connecting piece U-shaped clamp, and the distance between the two ends of the U-shaped clamp bolt is 60 mm, and the length of the U-shaped clamp rod is 120 mm.

[0070] 3. Prepare and install the water and fertilizer slow-release device

[0071] Take polypropylene geotextile with a longitudinal breaking strength of 18 kN / m, a transverse breaking strength of 15 kN / m, a vertical permeability coefficient of 10 -2 mm / s, a water absorption height of 120 mm / 10 min, a grammage of 550 g / m², and a thickness of 2 mm to obtain a cuboid water retention bag with a size of 300 mm × 300 mm × 200 mm; Respectively take 0.2% sodium polyacrylate, 30% garden soil, 35% peat soil, 12% slow-release fertilizer, 7.5% cellulase and the balance of water and mix them to prepare a composite water retention matrix; Polyacrylamide was pre-absorbed to a gel state; macro-element fertilizers (25% urea, 45% calcium magnesium phosphate and 30% potassium nitrate) and micro-element fertilizers (27% potassium silicate, 25% zinc sulfate, 25% ammonium molybdate and 23% borax) were mixed in a 7:3 ratio and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer; cellulase was diluted with 5 times the amount of water at room temperature; garden soil, peat moss and slow-release fertilizer were added to a horizontal dry powder mixer in sequence and mixed for 10 minutes until uniform to obtain mixture A; mixture A was transferred to a vertical wet material mixer, sodium polyacrylamide gel and cellulase solution were added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes to obtain mixture B (moisture content 23%); mixture B was allowed to stand for 24 hours, and clumps were removed by passing it through a 3-5 mm sieve to obtain a composite water-retaining matrix.

[0072] The protective netting is obtained by taking galvanized iron wire mesh with a mesh size of 30mm×30mm.

[0073] Fill the water-retaining bag with a composite water-retaining matrix and compact it thoroughly. Wrap the outside of the water-retaining bag filled with the composite water-retaining matrix with a protective net to obtain a water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0074] Pass the two ends of the U-shaped bolts through the connection holes of the anchor plate and the protective mesh of the water and fertilizer slow-release device, respectively, and tighten them with bolts to complete the installation of the water and fertilizer slow-release device.

[0075] 4. Preparation and assembly of vegetation layer

[0076] Take garden soil with a pH of 6.5, remove impurities and crush it to a particle size of 2mm; take vermiculite and crush it to a particle size of 3mm; take slope greening adhesive and dilute it at a ratio of 10%.

[0077] Four parts of crop straw powder, three parts of humic acid and three parts of chitosan were mixed to obtain a composite organic matter.

[0078] 40% of garden soil with pH 6, 30% of composite organic matter, 22% of vermiculite, and 8% of slope greening binder were mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture was filled into a mold with dimensions of 350 mm × 350 mm × 150 mm, and hot-pressed at 5 MPa and 135℃. After standing for 24 hours, a matrix block with a thickness of 150 mm and a bulk density of 0.9 g / mm³ was obtained.

[0079] Take 0.7% of the weight of Cynodon dactylon seeds and Amorpha fruticosa seeds, mix them with sulfur powder, and seal them for 3 days to obtain seed bodies.

[0080] Lay the substrate blocks on the surface of the protective netting directly above the slow-release water and fertilizer device, at a density of 2g / m². 2 Take the amount of Cynodon dactylon seeds and apply at 4g / m³ 2 After mixing the measured Amorpha fruticosa seeds evenly, sow them evenly on the surface of the substrate block, cover with 7 mm of crushed garden soil, and lightly press the surface soil layer to ensure full contact between the seeds and the substrate, thus obtaining the vegetation layer.

[0081] Experimental Example 1: Ecological Restoration Effects of Steep Rock Slopes (55°)

[0082] The experiment was conducted on a rocky slope at the Huandiqiao open-pit quarry in Daye City, Hubei Province. The slope had a gradient of 55°, a height of 48m, and no topsoil or vegetation. Two adjacent 100m long, steep rocky slopes were selected. One slope served as the experimental group, where the vegetation support system of this invention was installed. The other slope served as the control group, using traditional hydroseeding technology (Zhang Mengtao, Qiu Jindan, Yan Dong. Application of hydroseeding in slope ecological restoration and protection [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004). Three observation points were set up on each slope to regularly monitor vegetation growth and slope stability.

[0083] Using the method described in Example 1, a vegetation support system was installed on the experimental group slope according to the aforementioned construction method, while topsoil spraying was carried out on the control group slope. During the vegetation growth period, both slopes were regularly sprayed for maintenance, and the number of waterings and the amount of water were recorded. After completion, the vegetation survival rate, growth height, and coverage were investigated and recorded every month, while observing whether landslides, soil erosion, or other phenomena occurred on the slopes.

[0084] The survey results six months after completion are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1. Ecological restoration effect of the vegetation support system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention on rock slopes.

[0086] Note: (1) Survival rate = (Number of surviving plants / Total number of plants) × 100%; (2) Coverage = (Vertical projection area of ​​vegetation / Total area of ​​statistical area) × 100%.

[0087] Table 1 shows that the average survival rate of the vegetation in the experimental group reached 91%, the average plant height was 39.2 cm, and the average coverage was 81.5%. In contrast, the average survival rate of the vegetation in the control group was 79.7%, the average plant height was 31.2 cm, and the average coverage was 66.2%. No landslides or soil erosion occurred on the slopes in the experimental group during the observation period, while localized soil slippage and soil erosion occurred on the slopes in the control group. This indicates that the vegetation support system of this invention can significantly improve the survival rate and growth rate of vegetation, and enhance the stability of slopes.

[0088] Experimental Example 2: Ecological Restoration Effects of Steep Rock Slopes (60°)

[0089] The experimental site was located on a steep rock slope in the Fuchi open-pit quarry in Yangxin County, Hubei Province. The slope was 60° and 54m high. The slope had a small amount of weathered soil and sparse vegetation.

[0090] Using the method described in Example 2, and following the aforementioned construction method, three different areas were selected on the slope, and vegetation support systems with different densities of ecological anchor point structures (groove spacing of 1.5m, 2m, and 2.5m) were installed in each area. Three observation points were set up in each area, and vegetation growth and slope stability were observed every two months. During the vegetation growth period, unified maintenance management was implemented, and maintenance measures and effects were recorded.

[0091] The survey results eight months after completion are shown in Table 2.

[0092] Table 2. Ecological restoration effects of the vegetation support system with different density ecological anchor point structures of the present invention.

[0093] Note: (1) Survival rate = (Number of surviving plants / Total number of plants) × 100%; (2) Coverage = (Vertical projection area of ​​vegetation / Total area of ​​statistical area) × 100%.

[0094] Table 2 shows that the area with a spacing of 1.5m between ecological anchor points exhibited the best vegetation growth, with an average survival rate of 93.3%, an average plant height of 42.5cm, and an average coverage of 87.2%. The area with a spacing of 2m had an average vegetation survival rate of 90.3%, an average plant height of 38.5cm, and an average coverage of 81.2%. The area with a spacing of 2.5m had an average vegetation survival rate of 83%, an average plant height of 35.8cm, and an average coverage of 63.5%. No landslides occurred on the slopes in any of the three areas during the observation period, but slight soil erosion was observed in the area with a spacing of 2.5m. The experimental results indicate that the density of the ecological anchor point structure has a certain impact on vegetation growth and slope stability; appropriately reducing the spacing can improve vegetation growth and slope stability.

[0095] Experimental Example 3: Ecological Restoration Effects of Steep Rock Slopes (66°)

[0096] The experimental site was located on an open-pit rock slope at the Yangxin Iron Mine in Hubei Province, with a slope angle of 66°, a slope height of 51m, an uneven surface, and sparse vegetation. Two areas were set up. In the experimental area, the method described in Example 3 was used, and a vegetation support system was installed on the slope according to the aforementioned construction method. In the control area, traditional three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection technology was used (Cheng Fei, Li Chenkang. Application Research of Three-Dimensional Vegetation Net in Ecological Slope Protection Project of Canals in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of ​​Eastern Henan [J]. Henan Water Resources and South-to-North Water Diversion). Three observation points were set up in each area. Before the rainy season, the vegetation growth and the resistance to rainwater erosion in both areas were investigated and statistically analyzed. During the vegetation growth period, unified maintenance and management were carried out, and the maintenance measures and effects were recorded.

[0097] Experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0098] Table 3. Scour Resistance Effect of the Slope Vegetation Support System of the Present Invention

[0099] Note: (1) Coverage = (Vertical projection area of ​​vegetation / Total area of ​​statistical area) × 100%; (2) Damage rate = [(pre-rainy season coverage - post-rainy season coverage) / pre-rainy season coverage] × 100%.

[0100] Table 3 shows that before the rainy season (6 months after completion), the vegetation growth in the experimental area using the vegetation support system of this invention was good, with an average coverage of 90.7%; the average coverage in the control area using the traditional three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection technology was 80.3%. After the rainy season, the slope erosion in the experimental area was slight, with a vegetation coverage of 83.7% and a vegetation damage rate of 7.7%; the slope erosion in the control area was severe, with a vegetation coverage of 69% and a vegetation damage rate of 14.2%. The results indicate that the vegetation support system of this invention can improve the slope's erosion resistance and reduce vegetation damage.

[0101] As can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples, the present invention adopts a modular system design, and the processes such as anchor drilling, anchor plate welding, water and fertilizer filling and vegetation laying are simple. It is suitable for rock slopes of 50°~65° and above, effectively avoids the negative ecological impact of cement-based materials, and realizes the unity of slope protection and ecological restoration. It can provide a long-term solution for steep slopes in mines.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vegetation support system for steep rock slopes, characterized in that, It includes a vegetation layer (1), a water and fertilizer slow-release device (2) and an ecological anchor structure (3); The ecological anchor structure (3) includes an anchor rod (3-3), an anchor plate (3-2) and a connecting member.

2. The vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the anchor rod (3-3) is vertically inserted into the center of the bottom of the slope groove through a drilled hole, and the other end is exposed outside the bottom surface of the groove. The anchor plate (3-2) is connected to the anchor rod (3-3). There are 8 connecting holes bored on the edge of the anchor plate (3-). The connecting member includes 4 U-shaped clips (3-1). The two ends of the U-shaped clip (3-1) are connected to the water and fertilizer slow-release device (2) and the anchor plate (3-2) through the connecting holes. The vegetation layer (1) is laid above the water and fertilizer slow-release device (2).

3. The vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, There is a central hole on the anchor plate (3-2), and the exposed end of the anchor rod (3-3) passes through the central hole and is embedded in the anchor plate (3-2); The fixing method of the anchor plate (3-2) and the anchor rod (3-3) is welding, and the welding position is the central hole of the anchor plate (3-2) and the top of the exposed end of the anchor rod (3-3); The aperture of the central hole is 20-40 mm; The yield strength of the anchor rod (3-3) is 450-550 MPa, the tensile strength is 500-650 MPa, the diameter is 20-40 mm, and the length is 1.5-3.5 m; The size of the slope groove is 450 mm × 450 mm × 480 mm, the spacing is 1-3 m, and it is distributed in a "product" shape; The aperture of the drilled hole at the bottom of the slope groove is 30-40 mm, and the hole depth is 1-4.5 m; The anchoring depth of the anchor rod (3-3) is 1.5 m-3.5 m, and the length of the exposed end is 100-:150 mm; The yield strength of the anchor plate (3-2) is 450-550 MPa, the tensile strength is 500-650 MPa, the diameter is 350-450 mm, and the thickness is 10-15 mm; The aperture of the connecting hole is 12-20 mm, and the distance from the center of the connecting hole to the edge of the anchor plate is 40-60 mm; The spacing between adjacent connecting holes is 50-100 mm; The yield strength of the U-shaped clip (3-1) is 450-550 MPa, and the tensile strength is 500-650 MPa; The U-shaped clip (3-1) includes a U-shaped clip rod (3-1-1) and a U-shaped clip fixing nut (3-1-2). The spacing between the two ends of the U-shaped clip fixing nut (3-1-2) is 50-100 mm. The length of the U-shaped clip rod (3-1-1) is 100-150 mm, and the diameter of the U-shaped clip rod (3-1-1) is 12-20 mm.

4. The vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The water and fertilizer slow-release device (2) includes a protective net (2-1), a water retention bag (2-2) and a composite water retention matrix.

5. The vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water-retaining bag (2-2) is rectangular, with dimensions of 300mm × 300mm × 200mm. The material of the water-retaining bag (2-2) includes geotextile, which has a longitudinal tensile strength of 15~30kN / m, a transverse tensile strength of 12~28kN / m, a basis weight of 250~750g / m², a thickness of 2~4mm, and a vertical permeability coefficient of 1. ¹~1 ³mm / s, water absorption height is 100~150mm / 10min; The water retention bag (2-2) is filled with a composite water retention matrix, and the composite water retention matrix contains the following components in mass percentage: large particle water retaining agent 0.1-0.3%, garden soil 25-35%, peat soil 30-40%, slow-release fertilizer 10-15%, cellulase 5-10% and the balance water; The large-particle water-retaining agent includes polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylamide; the slow-release fertilizer includes macro-element fertilizer and micro-element fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of macro-element fertilizer to micro-element fertilizer is 9~4:1~6; the macro-element fertilizer includes the following components by mass fraction: 25~35% urea, 40~55% calcium magnesium phosphate and 15~35% potassium nitrate; the micro-element fertilizer includes the following components by mass fraction: 25~35% potassium silicate, 20~30% zinc sulfate, 20~35% ammonium molybdate and 20~30% borax; The protective net (2-1) is wrapped around the top and sides of the water-retaining bag (2-2). The protective net (2-1) is made of galvanized iron wire mesh, and the mesh size of the protective net is 30mm×30mm.

6. The vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The vegetation layer comprises substrate blocks, sulfur powder, and plant seeds.

7. The vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The substrate block comprises the following components by weight percentage: 35-45% garden soil, 25-35% composite organic matter, 15-25% vermiculite, and 5-15% binder; the pH value of the garden soil is 5.5-6.5; the composite organic matter includes crop straw powder, humic acid, and organic matter synergist, and the ratio of crop straw powder, humic acid, and organic matter synergist is 3-6:1-5:2-5; the crop straw powder includes any one of corn straw powder, rice straw powder, and wheat straw powder; the organic matter synergist includes chitosan oligosaccharide; and the binder includes slope greening adhesive. The plant seeds include herbaceous plants and shrubs. The herbaceous plants include bermudagrass and tall fescue, and the shrubs include Amorpha fruticosa and Broussonetia papyrifera. The plant seeds are treated with sulfur powder before sowing; the amount of sulfur powder used is 0.5% to 1% of the seed weight; the sowing rate of the herbaceous plants is 1 to 3 g / m². 2 The seeding rate of the shrubs is 2-6 g / m². 2 .

8. The method for constructing a vegetation support system for steep rock slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Excavate a groove on the slope and drill a vertical hole toward the center of the bottom of the groove. S2. Insert the anchor rod (3-3) into the borehole and inject cement mortar into the hole; S3. Weld the anchor plate (3-2) to the joint between the exposed end of the anchor rod (3-3) and the center hole of the anchor plate; S4. Fill the water-retaining bag (2-2) with composite water-retaining matrix, and wrap the top and sides of the water-retaining bag with protective netting (2-1); S5. Connect the water and fertilizer slow-release device (2) to the anchor plate (3-2) using a U-shaped clamp (3-1); S6. Spread the substrate blocks evenly on the surface of the protective net above the water and fertilizer slow release device (2); S7. Fill the gaps between the vegetation support system and the slope grooves with composite water-retaining matrix and compact it thoroughly. S8. Sow the plant seeds on the surface of the substrate block, cover with soil and press lightly to ensure full contact between the plant seeds and the substrate.

9. The application of the vegetation support system for steep rock slopes as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in the ecological restoration and protection of mine slopes.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The steep rock slope has a gradient of 50° or more.

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