Crude oil tank group photo-thermal and photoelectric temperature maintaining intelligent control system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent control system for photo-thermal and photoelectric temperature maintenance of a crude oil tank group. A photo-thermal system is composed of a solar heat collector, a circulating water pump, a heat storage water tank and a heat exchanger; the photoelectric system is composed of a photovoltaic array, a photovoltaic inverter and a storage battery. A heating coil is arranged in the crude oil tank group; the temperature sensors are arranged at an outlet of the heat collection circulation loop and an outlet of the heat supply circulation loop; the voltage sensor is arranged between the photovoltaic array and the photovoltaic inverter; the central processor is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the voltage sensor; wherein the solar heat collector, the heat exchanger and the circulating water pump form a heat collection circulating loop, the heat exchanger is connected with the crude oil tank group to form a heat supply circulating loop, and the heat storage water tank stores surplus heat and serves as a supplementary heat source to continuously supply heat to the crude oil tank group when heat supply of the heat supply circulating loop is insufficient. The temperature of the crude oil is maintained through a photo-thermal photoelectric synergistic technology, and energy waste and potential safety hazards caused by too high or too low temperature are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy technology, specifically to an intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank clusters using solar thermal and photovoltaic methods. Background Technology

[0002] Temperature control of crude oil tank groups is crucial during crude oil storage. With the adjustment of energy structure and the rapid development of intelligent technologies, traditional crude oil tank group temperature maintenance methods have revealed many shortcomings. Most rely on a single energy source or a relatively simple thermal management and control system. Due to the varying sizes, locations, storage capacities, and properties of the crude oil within the tank group, the heat requirements of each tank differ significantly. In this situation, traditional heating methods struggle to meet diverse needs, easily leading to energy waste or localized temperature runaway. Traditional temperature maintenance systems struggle to flexibly adjust heating strategies in complex environments. They cannot automatically optimize the distribution ratio and heating intensity of solar thermal and photovoltaic energy based on real-time external conditions and the state of the crude oil inside the tank, resulting in low system efficiency. Furthermore, traditional crude oil tank group temperature maintenance systems lack precise real-time monitoring and rapid response mechanisms, failing to promptly capture and handle subtle changes in tank temperature and sudden situations, exhibiting significant lag and hindering stable operation during crude oil storage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by proposing an intelligent control system for temperature maintenance of crude oil tank groups using solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies. This system compensates for the deficiencies of the prior art, improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, and utilizes intelligent control methods to achieve reasonable energy allocation, thereby meeting the heating requirements of crude oil in various scenarios.

[0004] The specific technical solution of this invention includes: The crude oil tank group is equipped with heating coils. The solar thermal system includes solar collectors, a circulating water pump, a hot water storage tank, and a heat exchanger. The solar collectors, heat exchanger, and circulating water pump form a solar collector circulation loop, and the heat exchanger is connected to the crude oil tank group to form a heating circulation loop. The hot water storage tank is located on a bypass branch of the solar collector circulation loop to store surplus heat and serve as a supplementary heat source to continuously heat the crude oil tank group when the heating circulation loop is insufficient. Temperature sensors are installed at the outlets of both the solar collector circulation loop and the heating circulation loop. The photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic array, a photovoltaic inverter, and a battery; a voltage sensor is arranged between the photovoltaic array and the photovoltaic inverter. The central processing unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and voltage sensor.

[0005] Furthermore, the central processing unit dynamically adjusts the heating method and heating intensity to maintain the temperature of crude oil based on the differences in energy demand of each crude oil storage tank; the energy demand of each crude oil storage tank is determined by the central processing unit through real-time monitoring of crude oil temperature, crude oil level, ambient temperature and heat transfer fluid parameters; the difference in energy demand of each crude oil storage tank is the difference in energy demand of each crude oil storage tank.

[0006] Furthermore, the solar thermal system is also equipped with electric valves; When the outlet water temperature of the heating circulation loop is higher than the set threshold, the circulating water can be reused in the next heating cycle; when the outlet water temperature is lower than the set threshold, the central processing unit controls the electric valve to allow the circulating water to enter the heat collection circulation loop for reheating.

[0007] Furthermore, the central processing unit is used to intelligently select the temperature maintenance method based on the system's heating status, including: When the solar thermal system meets the heating demand, the solar thermal system is used first for heating. The central processing unit controls the photovoltaic system to perform energy storage operations and stores the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array in the battery. When the solar thermal system is insufficient to provide heat, the central processing unit activates the photoelectric system to heat the crude oil tank group until the heat energy collected by the solar thermal system meets the heating demand.

[0008] Furthermore, the crude oil tank group is equipped with temperature sensors, and the central processing unit monitors the internal temperature of the crude oil tank group based on the temperature sensors. When the internal temperature of the crude oil tank group is too high and approaches the overheating threshold, overheat protection control is implemented, including reducing the heat collection circulation flow, storing excess heat energy in the hot water storage tank, and adjusting the electric heating power and storing the remaining electrical energy in the battery.

[0009] Furthermore, for each storage tank in the crude oil tank group, the corresponding heating method for each storage tank is determined according to the distance of each storage tank from the heating system and the temperature stability requirements; wherein, the heating system includes a solar thermal system and a photovoltaic system; If the distance between the storage tank and the heating system is within the preset distance range, and the fluctuation range of crude oil temperature is less than or equal to the preset small fluctuation threshold, the heating will be provided by the solar thermal system as the main system and the photovoltaic system as the auxiliary system. If the distance between the storage tank and the heating system is less than or equal to the minimum value of the preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation exceeds the preset small fluctuation threshold but does not exceed the preset large fluctuation threshold, the solar thermal system shall be used for heating first. If the distance between the storage tank and the heating system is greater than or equal to the maximum value of the preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation is greater than or equal to the preset large fluctuation threshold, the temperature will be maintained by the combined use of the solar thermal system and the photoelectric system. The preset small fluctuation threshold and the preset large fluctuation threshold are determined by the on-site environment and turnover operations.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating coil is installed inside the crude oil tank group via a movable rack and pinion guide rail, on which multiple temperature sensors are installed to monitor the crude oil temperature in the corresponding tank wall area. When the temperature of crude oil in the tank wall area is lower than a preset threshold, the heating coil is used to heat the crude oil in the low-temperature area.

[0011] Furthermore, the movable rack guide rail meshes with the fixed rack guide rail fixed to the inner wall of the tank; multiple fixed rack guide rails are evenly arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the tank, and each is equipped with a retractable rack structure; the movable rack guide rail is driven by a three-phase motor and selectively meshes with the rack of the fixed rack guide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, when the system energy consumption is much lower than the second preset threshold and the tank group temperature is stable within the target temperature range, a solar thermal system is used for temperature maintenance, and the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic system is stored in the battery; when the system energy consumption is much higher than the second preset threshold and the tank group temperature is not stable within the target temperature range, a solar thermal, photovoltaic, and energy storage strategy is used for coordinated energy supply; the system energy consumption is the total energy demand of each crude oil storage tank in the crude oil tank group.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: 1. The intelligent control system for maintaining the temperature of crude oil tank groups through solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation absorbs solar radiation and converts it into heat energy, which is then stored in a hot water storage tank. The solar energy is converted into electrical energy through a photovoltaic array and stored in a battery. In the case of weak sunlight, the heat stored in the hot water storage tank and the electrical energy stored in the battery can be used to maintain the temperature of the crude oil tank groups, effectively solving the problem of intermittent and unstable solar energy supply.

[0014] 2. The optimization algorithm in intelligent control can adapt to different environmental conditions. Taking into account the influence of crude oil reserves, process requirements, meteorological conditions, etc., the system can adjust the internal algorithm in real time to control the collection, conversion and storage of energy, ensuring the stable operation of the temperature maintenance system of the crude oil tank group.

[0015] 3. Temperature sensors are installed at different heights on each tank within the crude oil tank group, forming a sophisticated temperature monitoring network that enables real-time acquisition of the temperature distribution within the tanks. Based on the characteristics of the crude oil and storage requirements, an intelligent control system precisely controls the temperature of each tank. This high-precision temperature control not only ensures the crude oil's fluidity meets export needs but also avoids energy waste and safety hazards caused by excessively high or low temperatures.

[0016] This invention has a wide range of applications, making full use of solar energy and maintaining the temperature of crude oil through photothermal and photovoltaic synergistic technology. Under various process conditions, the photothermal and photovoltaic temperature maintenance intelligent control system can flexibly adjust the temperature control strategy according to the actual situation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] For ease of explanation, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the flexible application of temperature control commands by the system of this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heating circulation loop of the photothermal system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heating coil installation structure inside the crude oil storage tank according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rack and pinion guide rail installation structure within the crude oil tank group of the present invention.

[0019] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Solar collector; 2. Photovoltaic array; 3. Circulating water pump; 4. Photovoltaic inverter; 5. Battery; 6. Hot water storage tank; 7. Heat exchanger; 8. Temperature sensor; 8-1. Temperature sensing element; 9. Voltage sensor; 10. Central processing unit; 11. Electric valve; 12. Crude oil tank group; 13. Flow meter; 14. Solar thermal system; 15. Photovoltaic system; 16. Three-way valve; 12-1. Moving rack and pinion guide; 12-2. Heating coil installation structure; 12-2-1. Hanging rod; 12-2-2. Expansion bolt; 12-2-3. Fixing bracket; 12-2-4. Base; 12-2-5. Connecting weld point; 12-2-6. Coil bracket; 12-2-7. Heating coil; 12-3. Tank wall; 12 -4. Tank top manhole; 12-5. Manhole with core; 12-6. Vent hole; 12-7. Tank wall manhole; 12-8. Floating roof; 12-9. Rack groove; 12-10. Telescopic rod; 12-11. Spring; 12-12. Double-ended bolt; 12-13. Hex nut; 12-14. Wire rope; 12-15. Winch; 12-16. Three-phase motor; 12-17. Self-tapping screw; 12-18. Driving rod; 12-19. Driven rod; 12-20. Rack; 12-21. Rack washer; 12-22. Hex bolt; 12-23. Cam; 12-24. Transmission rod; 12-25. Fixed rack guide rail; 12-26. I-shaped base; 14-1. Solar thermal system inlet; 14-2. Solar thermal system return outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Specific details, such as particular configurations, are provided in the following description merely to aid in a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0022] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a schematic diagram of a solar thermal and photovoltaic temperature-maintaining intelligent control system for a crude oil tank group is disclosed, along with its internal structure. The sludge microbial fuel cell system provided in this application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1 The diagram shows the overall system schematic of the present invention. The system includes six modules: a solar thermal system 14, including a solar collector 1, a circulating water pump 3, a hot water storage tank 6, a heat exchanger 7, an electric valve 11, and a flow meter 13; a photovoltaic system 15, including a photovoltaic array 2, a photovoltaic inverter 4, and a storage battery 5; a crude oil tank group 12, which is equipped with heating coils 12-2-7; a temperature sensor 8, arranged at the outlet of the solar collector circulation loop and the outlet of the heating circulation loop; a voltage sensor 9, arranged between the photovoltaic array 2 and the photovoltaic inverter 4; and a central processing unit 10, which is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 8 and the voltage sensor 9.

[0024] The solar thermal system 14 is used to collect, store, and transport thermal energy. Its core loop is a collector circulation loop, mainly composed of a solar collector 1, a circulating water pump 3, and a heat exchanger 7. Circulating water circulates in this loop, is heated by the solar collector 1, and then flows through the heat exchanger 7 to release heat. A hot water storage tank 6 is connected to the collector circulation loop via a bypass pipe. When the collected thermal energy exceeds immediate demand, excess heat can be stored in the hot water storage tank 6.

[0025] Heat energy is transferred to the crude oil through a heating cycle loop. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the heating circulation loop connects heat exchanger 7 to the heating devices within the crude oil tank group 12. After absorbing heat from the solar thermal system in heat exchanger 7, the heating medium (usually water) is pumped to the heating coils of each crude oil storage tank to heat the crude oil, and then flows back to heat exchanger 7 for reheating, forming a closed loop. Figure 3 The text further specifies the inlet 14-1 and outlet 14-2 of the solar thermal system.

[0026] The optoelectronic system 15 is used to generate and store electrical energy. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic array 2 (e.g., a high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon panel) converts solar energy into direct current, which is then converted into alternating current by the photovoltaic inverter 4. The electrical energy can be used directly by electrical equipment within the system (such as water pumps, motors, and electric heaters), and can also be stored in the battery 5 for use when there is no sunlight.

[0027] Temperature sensors 8 are primarily located at the heat collection circulation outlet, the heating circulation outlet, and inside each crude oil storage tank (see...). Figure 1 , 5 Voltage sensor 9 monitors the output of the photovoltaic array. Flow meter 13 and electric valve 11 are used to monitor and regulate pipeline flow.

[0028] The central processing unit 10 receives data from all sensors and sends instructions to actuators such as the circulating water pump 3, electric valve 11, and photovoltaic inverter 4 according to a preset algorithm to achieve intelligent control. Specifically, the central processing unit 10 dynamically adjusts the heating method and intensity to maintain the temperature of crude oil based on the differences in energy demand among the various crude oil storage tanks. These differences in energy demand are determined by the central processing unit 10 through real-time monitoring of the crude oil temperature, crude oil level, ambient temperature, and the heating parameters of the heat transfer fluid (for example, different storage tanks with different crude oil levels require different amounts of heat, leading to different energy demands). The central processing unit generates temperature control instructions based on these differences in energy demand and then sends control signals to actuators such as electric valves, heating coils, or circulating pumps. The actuators adjust the flow rate of the heating medium or the heating power according to the control signals, thereby achieving real-time regulation of the crude oil temperature maintenance load.

[0029] To achieve precise heating and adapt to changes in liquid level, this invention features a unique in-tank heating device and lifting mechanism. For example... Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, the heating coil 12-2-7 is fixed by the coil bracket 12-2-6. The inner wall of the coil bracket 12-2-6 is lined with a high-temperature resistant rubber pad to protect the coil and prevent slippage. The entire installation structure is ultimately fixed to the moving rack guide rail 12-1 via components such as the hanger 12-2-1, expansion bolts 12-2-2, fixing bracket 12-2-3, and base 12-2-4. A certain distance is maintained between the heating coil 12-2-7 and the moving rack guide rail 12-1 to facilitate heat radiation and convection heat transfer. The heating coil 12-2-7 and the hanger 12-2-1 are fixed by welding, with the fixing point being the connecting weld point 12-2-5. like Figure 3 , 5As shown, the lifting guide mechanism is crucial for the heating device to move with the liquid level. The fixed rack guide rail 12-25 is securely mounted on the tank wall 12-3 using expansion bolts 12-2-2 and I-shaped bases 12-26. Multiple fixed rack guide rails 12-25 are typically evenly arranged along the circumference of the tank wall (e.g., four rails spaced at 90-degree intervals). Its core is a mechanism with a retractable rack 12-20. The rack's extension and retraction are controlled by a bottom three-phase motor 12-16 via a mechanical linkage device including a drive rod 12-18, a driven rod 12-19, a cam 12-23, a transmission rod 12-24, and a manhole 12-7 on the tank wall. This converts the motor's rotational motion into the linear or specific trajectory motion required for the rack's extension and retraction. A rack shim 12-21 is installed at the bottom or contact surface of the rack to adjust the clearance or buffer impacts. The telescopic rod 12-10 is connected to the rack 12-20 and, under the action of the drive mechanism, drives the rack to extend and retract. The manhole 12-4 on the tank top is used for the entry and exit of installation and maintenance personnel, for ventilation inside the tank, and as a safety emergency venting device. The manhole 12-5 with a core provides a safe, sealed passage for personnel to enter and exit the tank for cleaning, maintenance, and other work. The vent 12-6 mainly functions to balance the pressure inside the tank and to provide overflow in case of an accident.

[0031] The movable rack and pinion guide rail 12-1 also contains a rack that can be ejected by the action of the spring 12-11. The top three-phase motor 12-16 drives its lifting and lowering via a winch 12-15, wire rope 12-14, etc. The lifting and lowering process is briefly described below: As the liquid level drops and the heating coil tends to move downwards, the central processing unit 10 first controls the top three-phase motor 12-16 to slightly raise the moving rack guide 12-1, disengaging its rack 12-20 from the rack 12-20 of the fixed rack guide 12-25. Next, the bottom motor 12-16 actuates, causing the rack 12-20 of the fixed rack guide 12-25 to retract into the rack groove 12-9 via transmission. Then, the top motor 12-16 drives the moving rack guide 12-1, carrying the heating device, to move downwards to the target position. Finally, the rack 12-20 of the fixed rack guide 12-25 returns to its original position, re-engaging and locking with the moving rack.

[0032] As the liquid level rises, the heating coil moves upward: When the liquid level rises and the heating coil needs to be raised, the central processing unit 10 controls the top motor to drive the moving rack guide rail 12-1 to rise. During the rising process, when the teeth of the moving rack encounter the teeth of the fixed rack, they are compressed and retract, and then pop out under the action of the spring 12-11, achieving "climbing" without the fixed rack needing to retract. This allows for rapid adjustment of the heating coil height, ensuring it is always in the optimal heating layer for crude oil.

[0033] In addition, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, temperature sensors 8 are installed at key locations such as the upper, middle and lower parts of the fixed rack and pinion guide rail 12-25, forming a temperature monitoring network inside the tank. The temperature sensing elements 8-1 are arranged at key temperature measurement points, and the temperature data of each point is fed back to the central processing unit 10 in real time.

[0034] Among them, the double-ended bolt 12-12, hex nut 12-13, self-tapping screw 12-17, and hex bolt 12-55 are all mechanical connections and fasteners used to assemble and fix the various parts of the guide rail structure. The three-way valve 16 is used to switch the flow direction of the heating fluid circuit.

[0035] The central processing unit 10 employs multiple strategies for intelligent decision-making; its control logic can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 2 The diagram shows the application of temperature control commands. The intelligent temperature control system has three control strategies: Control Strategy 1: For each storage tank in the crude oil tank group 12, the heating method for each tank is determined according to its distance from the heating system and temperature stability requirements. The tank group is divided into three different areas, and an independent temperature maintenance strategy is formulated for each area based on its characteristics and temperature maintenance needs. The heating system includes a solar thermal system 14 and a photovoltaic system 15. If the distance between the tank and the heating system is within a preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation is less than or equal to a preset small fluctuation threshold, the solar thermal system 14 is used as the primary heating system, with the photovoltaic system 15 as a secondary system. If the distance between the tank and the heating system is less than or equal to the minimum value of the preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation exceeds the preset small fluctuation threshold but does not exceed the preset large fluctuation threshold, the solar thermal system 14 is used for heating first. If the distance between the tank and the heating system is greater than or equal to the maximum value of the preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation is greater than or equal to the preset large fluctuation threshold, the solar thermal system 14 and the photovoltaic system 15 work together to maintain the temperature. The preset small fluctuation threshold and the preset large fluctuation threshold are determined by the site environment and turnover operations. The minimum value of the preset distance range can be selected as 100m, the maximum value of the preset distance range can be selected as 150m, the preset small fluctuation threshold can be selected as ±1℃, and the preset large fluctuation threshold can be selected as ±3℃.

[0036] Control Strategy Two: The heating coil 12-2-7 is installed inside the crude oil tank group 12 via a movable rack and pinion guide. Multiple temperature sensors 8 are installed on the movable rack and pinion guide to monitor the crude oil temperature in corresponding tank wall areas. When the crude oil temperature in a tank wall area is lower than a preset threshold, the local heating device on the movable rack and pinion guide 12-1 is activated and moves to the location of the temperature sensor 8. The heating coil 12-2-7 then directly and precisely heats the crude oil in the low-temperature area, reducing the overall tank heating load. The heating device is the heating coil 12-2-7, which can be either a solar heating coil or an electric heating coil.

[0037] Control Strategy 3: When the system energy consumption is significantly lower than the second preset threshold and the tank group temperature is stable within the target temperature range, the solar thermal system 14 is used for temperature maintenance, and the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic system 15 is stored in the battery 5. When the system energy consumption is significantly higher than the second preset threshold and the tank group temperature is not stable within the target temperature range, a combined solar thermal, photovoltaic, and energy storage strategy is used for energy supply. The system energy consumption is the total energy demand of each crude oil storage tank in the crude oil tank group 12. The second threshold is 60%–70% of the maximum stable heat supply of the solar thermal system 14.

[0038] Example 2 This application provides a specific implementation scenario and method for a smart control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods, as detailed below: Based on the geographical location and surrounding environment of the crude oil tank group 12, a suitable site was selected to install the solar collectors 1, with a certain tilt angle to ensure maximum solar radiation reception throughout the year. Appropriate spacing should be maintained between the solar collectors 1 to avoid mutual obstruction; the spacing should be no less than 1.25 times the height of the solar collectors. The solar collectors 1 are connected by pipes to form a heat collection loop, and proper insulation should be provided to reduce heat loss.

[0039] Equipped with a large-capacity hot water storage tank 6, the hot water storage tank 6 should be installed close to the solar collector 1 to reduce heat transfer loss. The hot water storage tank 6 is covered with high-performance insulation material to ensure that heat loss is minimized during the heat storage process. The hot water storage tank 6 can store the heat generated by the solar collector 1 during periods of sufficient sunlight, and continuously provide heat energy to the crude oil tank group 1 in cases of insufficient sunlight or at night.

[0040] Without affecting the normal operation and safety of the crude oil tank group, photovoltaic array 2 should be installed in a well-lit area without significant shading to achieve maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency. Photovoltaic array 2 can be a flat-plate monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic array, which has a relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency, generally reaching 15%-24%, effectively converting solar energy into electrical energy. The photovoltaic array support should be fixed to the ground, and the support structure must have good wind and earthquake resistance. Appropriate cables and connectors should be used for the electrical connections between photovoltaic arrays 2 to ensure efficient and stable power transmission.

[0041] Battery 5 is installed in a dedicated battery room. The room should be kept dry and well-ventilated, and equipped with a temperature control device to ensure that battery 5 operates within a suitable temperature range. Battery 5 is used to store the electrical energy generated by photovoltaic array 2, ensuring that the system can still operate normally and maintain the system's power supply when there is no sunlight. Battery 5 is connected in a combination of series and parallel connections to meet the system's required voltage and capacity.

[0042] The photovoltaic inverter 4 is installed near the battery bank and electrical equipment, converting the direct current output from the battery 5 into alternating current to power the electric heating equipment within the system. The photovoltaic inverter 4 should possess high conversion efficiency and good stability.

[0043] Each crude oil tank is equipped with a heating coil mounting structure 12-2, including a heating coil 12-2-7 directly mounted on a moving rack and pinion guide rail 12-1. The heating coil 12-2-7 is secured to the hanger 12-2-1 via a coil bracket 12-2-6. The inner wall of the coil bracket 12-2-6 is lined with a soft, high-temperature resistant rubber pad, which not only tightly secures the coil, preventing displacement or shaking, but also avoids friction damage. A fixed bracket 12-2-3 is installed between the moving rack and pinion guide rail 12-1 and the heating coil 12-2-7, forming a stable support structure. Maintaining an appropriate distance between the heating coil 12-2-7 and the moving rack and pinion guide rail 12-1 facilitates efficient and directional heat transfer to the crude oil inside the tank.

[0044] Four fixed rack and pinion guides 12-25 are embedded in the inner wall of the crude oil storage tank, arranged at 90° intervals. Their main function is to guide and support the vertical movement of the heating coil 12-2-7. When the crude oil level in the tank drops, the floating roof 12-8 moves downward, causing the heating coil to move downward. At this time, the system controls the top three-phase motor 12-16 to drive the moving rack and pinion guide 12-1 to lift slightly, ensuring sufficient movement space between the moving rack and pinion guide 12-1 and the fixed rack and pinion guide 12-25. The system then controls the bottom three-phase motor 12-16 to retract the rack 12-20 on the fixed rack and pinion guide 12-25. After retraction, the system again controls the top three-phase motor 12-16 to move the moving rack and pinion guide 12-1 downward until it reaches the designated position. Finally, the system controls the bottom three-phase motor 12-16 to restore the rack 12-20 on the fixed rack guide rail 12-25 to its initial position. By means of the meshing of the racks between the two guide rails, the heating coil 12-2-7 is securely fixed.

[0045] When the crude oil level in the tank rises, the heating coil 12-2-7 needs to be raised to achieve uniform and effective heating. The system controls the top three-phase motor 12-16 to drive the moving rack guide 12-1 upwards, while the bottom three-phase motor 12-16 controls the rack 12-20 on the fixed rack guide 12-25 to remain stationary. When the lower surface of the rack on the fixed rack guide 12-25 contacts the upper surface of the rack on the moving rack guide 12-1, the rack 12-20 on the moving rack guide 12-1 will contract due to the pressure from the rack 12-20 on the fixed rack guide 12-25. As the lifting action continues until the upper and lower surfaces of the two racks no longer contact each other, the spring 12-11 inside the moving rack guide rail 12-1 will pop out the rack 12-20, thus successfully completing the upward movement of the heating coil 12-2-7, ensuring that it can operate stably under different liquid levels and effectively perform its directional temperature maintenance function.

[0046] High-precision, corrosion-resistant temperature sensors 8 are installed at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the fixed rack and pinion guide rails 12-25. These sensors can accurately measure temperature changes between -10℃ and 50℃, and can transmit temperature data to the central processing unit 10 in real time. When the temperature sensor 8 at any location inside the tank detects that the oil temperature is close to the preset overheating temperature threshold, the system immediately issues an early warning signal. After the crude oil tank group 12 issues an overheating warning signal, the solar thermal system 14 reduces the flow rate of the heat collection circulation pump, reducing the rate at which heat is transferred from the solar collector 1 to the oil tank, and opens some of the electric valves 11 of the hot water storage tank 6 for heat storage. The photoelectric system 15 reduces the output power of the electric heating equipment according to a certain ratio based on the difference between the oil temperature and the overheating threshold, and stores the reduced output power in the battery 5.

[0047] The heating coil is connected to the solar thermal system and the photoelectric system via pipes and valves to achieve the circulation supply of the heat medium. Flow meters 13 and temperature sensors 8 are installed on the pipes to control and monitor the flow rate and temperature of the heat medium.

[0048] When the solar collector 1 and photovoltaic array 2 start working, the control system monitors the operating status of the solar thermal and photovoltaic equipment and the temperature maintenance equipment, including the inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rates of the solar collector 1, the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic array 2, the operating frequency and pressure of the circulating pump, and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heating coil 12-2-7. The equipment status data is transmitted in real time to the central processing unit 10 for system control and fault diagnosis. The central processing unit 10 is the core control part of the entire system; it receives information from various parts such as the solar thermal system 14, the photovoltaic system 15, the crude oil tank group 12, and the temperature sensor 8. Based on preset optimization algorithms and models, it controls the output power of the solar thermal system 14 and the photovoltaic array 2, the operating parameters of energy conversion, the charging and discharging of the hot water storage tank 6 and the battery 5, and the heating power of the temperature maintenance system of the crude oil tank group 12 in real time, accurately, and intelligently.

[0049] Based on the data of light intensity and temperature of solar collector 1, the central processing unit 10 controls the heat collection capacity of the solar collector by adjusting the speed of the circulating water pump 3. When the light intensity is strong and the temperature of solar collector 1 is low, the speed of the circulating water pump 3 is increased to accelerate heat transfer; when the temperature of solar collector 1 is close to the temperature of the hot water storage tank 6 or the light intensity weakens, the speed of the circulating pump is reduced to reduce heat loss.

[0050] The central processing unit 10 monitors the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array 2 in real time, and adjusts the operating voltage and current of the photovoltaic array 2 to keep it operating near its maximum power point, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic system exceeds the system demand, the charging mode is switched to charge the battery; when the battery 5 is close to being fully charged, charging is stopped to prevent overcharging.

[0051] When electrical equipment requires power, the photovoltaic system will be used to supply power first, based on the status of battery 5 and the power generation of the photovoltaic system. When the photovoltaic system's power generation is insufficient and battery 5 has sufficient charge, battery 5 will discharge to supply power.

[0052] Temperature sensor 8 monitors the temperature at the measuring point in real time and transmits the monitored temperature back to central processor 10. When the outlet temperature of solar collector 1 meets the set temperature requirement, circulating water pump 3 works to achieve heat collection circulation using solar energy. When the outlet temperature of crude oil tank group 12 meets the set temperature requirement, circulating water pump 3 works to achieve heat supply circulation using heat exchanger 7. When the temperature inside crude oil tank group 12 is lower than the set temperature requirement at night or during cloudy or rainy weather, the heating equipment is started using the electrical energy stored in battery 5, which, combined with the thermal energy of the heat storage device, maintains the temperature of the crude oil tank.

[0053] Voltage sensor 9 monitors the output power, voltage, and current of photovoltaic array 2 in real time, and adjusts the system's heating and energy storage processes through central processor 10.

[0054] By analyzing sensor data and equipment operating status data, the central processing unit 10 detects whether there are any faults in the system in real time. When abnormal fluctuations or deviations from the normal range of temperature sensor 8 data occur, a sudden drop in the output power of photovoltaic array 2 occurs, or abnormal pressure of the circulating pump occurs, the system is determined to have malfunctioned.

[0055] Based on the type and severity of the fault, the control system automatically takes corresponding emergency measures. When a leak occurs in solar collector 1, the valves in the collector circuit are immediately closed, the collector circulation pump is stopped, and the system switches to electric heating or separate heating from the hot water storage tank. When a fault in photovoltaic array 2 leads to insufficient power generation from the photovoltaic system, priority is given to ensuring the power supply of critical equipment such as the 12-dimensional temperature control system of the crude oil tank group, while reducing the power consumption of non-critical equipment.

[0056] In summary, the intelligent control system for maintaining the temperature of the crude oil tank group using solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation converts solar radiation into heat energy through solar collectors 1, which is then stored in a hot water storage tank 6. The photovoltaic array 2 converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is stored in a battery 5. Under conditions of weak sunlight, the heat stored in the hot water storage tank 6 and the electrical energy stored in the battery 5 can be used to maintain the temperature of the crude oil tank group 12-dimensionally, effectively solving the problem of intermittent and unstable solar power supply. Multiple temperature sensors 8 are installed inside the crude oil tanks to form a precise temperature monitoring network. The central processing unit 10 precisely controls the heating power based on the temperature data fed back from the sensors, maintaining the crude oil temperature within a very small fluctuation range of the set value. This high-precision temperature control not only ensures that the crude oil's fluidity meets the needs of external transportation but also avoids energy waste and safety hazards caused by excessively high or low temperatures. The optimization algorithm in the intelligent control system can adapt to different environmental conditions, comprehensively considering the influence of crude oil reserves and meteorological conditions. The system can adjust its internal algorithm in real time to control the collection, conversion, and storage of energy, ensuring the stable operation of the 12-dimensional temperature control system for the crude oil tank group. This invention can achieve real-time intelligent control and features simple operation, good stability, and strong practicality.

[0057] Those skilled in the art to which this application pertains may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or adopt similar methods to replace them, without departing from the inventive concept of this application or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A smart control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photovoltaic methods, characterized in that: include: Crude oil tank group (12), which is equipped with heating coil (12-2-7). The solar thermal system (14) includes a solar collector (1), a circulating water pump (3), a hot water storage tank (6), and a heat exchanger (7); wherein the solar collector (1), the heat exchanger (7), and the circulating water pump (3) constitute a heat collection circulation loop, and the heat exchanger (7) is connected to the crude oil tank group (12) to form a heating circulation loop; the hot water storage tank (6) is set on the bypass branch of the heat collection circulation loop to store surplus heat and serve as a supplementary heat source to continuously heat the crude oil tank group (12) when the heating circulation loop is insufficient; temperature sensors (8) are arranged at the outlets of the heat collection circulation loop and the heating circulation loop. The optoelectronic system (15) includes a photovoltaic array (2), a photovoltaic inverter (4), and a battery (5); a voltage sensor (9) is arranged between the photovoltaic array (2) and the photovoltaic inverter (4). The central processing unit (10) is electrically connected to the temperature sensor (8) and the voltage sensor (9).

2. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central processing unit (10) dynamically adjusts the heating method and heating intensity to maintain the temperature of crude oil based on the differences in energy demand of each crude oil storage tank; the energy demand of each crude oil storage tank is determined by the central processing unit (10) through real-time monitoring of crude oil temperature, crude oil level, ambient temperature and heat supply parameters of heat transfer fluid in the tank; the difference in energy demand of each crude oil storage tank is the difference in energy demand of each crude oil storage tank.

3. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photothermal system (14) is also equipped with an electric valve (11). When the outlet water temperature of the heating circulation loop is higher than the set threshold, the circulating water can be reused in the next heating circulation; when the outlet water temperature is lower than the set threshold, the central processing unit (10) controls the electric valve (11) to allow the circulating water to enter the heat collection circulation loop for reheating.

4. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central processing unit (10) is used to intelligently select the temperature maintenance mode according to the system heating situation, including: When the solar thermal system (14) meets the heating demand, the solar thermal system (14) is used to provide heating first. The central processing unit (10) regulates the photovoltaic system (15) to perform energy storage operation and stores the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array (2) in the battery (5). When the solar thermal system (14) is insufficient to provide heat, the central processing unit (10) activates the photoelectric system (15) to heat the crude oil tank group (12) until the heat energy collected by the solar thermal system (14) meets the heating demand.

5. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crude oil tank group (12) is equipped with a temperature sensor (8). The central processing unit (10) monitors the internal temperature of the crude oil tank group (12) according to the temperature sensor (8). When the internal temperature of the crude oil tank group (12) is too high and closes to the overheating threshold, overheat protection control is performed, including reducing the heat collection circulation flow rate, storing excess heat energy in the hot water storage tank (6), and adjusting the electric heating power and storing the remaining electrical energy in the battery (5).

6. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, For each storage tank in the crude oil tank group (12), the heating method corresponding to each storage tank is determined according to the distance of each storage tank from the heating system and the temperature stability requirements; wherein, the heating system includes a solar thermal system (14) and a photoelectric system (15). If the distance between the storage tank and the heating system is within the preset distance range, and the fluctuation range of crude oil temperature is less than or equal to the preset small fluctuation threshold, the solar thermal system (14) is the main source of heating, and the photovoltaic system (15) is the auxiliary source. If the distance between the storage tank and the heating system is less than or equal to the minimum value of the preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation exceeds the preset small fluctuation threshold but does not exceed the preset large fluctuation threshold, the solar thermal system (14) shall be used for heating. If the distance between the storage tank and the heating system is greater than or equal to the maximum value of the preset distance range, and the crude oil temperature fluctuation is greater than or equal to the preset large fluctuation threshold, the photothermal system (14) and the photoelectric system (15) work together to maintain the temperature. The preset small fluctuation threshold and the preset large fluctuation threshold are determined by the on-site environment and turnover operations.

7. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating coil (12-2-7) is installed in the crude oil tank group (12) via a movable rack guide rail (12-1). The movable rack guide rail (12-1) is equipped with multiple temperature sensors (8) for monitoring the crude oil temperature in the corresponding tank wall area. When the temperature of crude oil in the tank wall area is lower than a preset threshold, the heating coil (12-2-7) is used to heat the crude oil in the low-temperature area.

8. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 7, characterized in that, The movable rack guide rail (12-1) meshes with the fixed rack guide rail (12-25) fixed on the inner wall of the tank; the fixed rack guide rail (12-25) has multiple rails evenly arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the tank, and is provided with a retractable rack structure; the movable rack guide rail (12-1) is driven by a three-phase motor (12-16) and selectively meshes with the rack of the fixed rack guide rail (12-25).

9. The intelligent control system for maintaining temperature in crude oil tank groups using photothermal and photoelectric methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the system energy consumption is much lower than the second preset threshold and the tank group temperature is stable within the target temperature range, a photothermal system is used to maintain the temperature and the electrical energy generated by the photoelectric system is stored in the battery; when the system energy consumption is much higher than the second preset threshold and the tank group temperature is not stable within the target temperature range, a photothermal, photoelectric and energy storage strategy is used for coordinated energy supply; the system energy consumption is the total energy demand of each crude oil storage tank in the crude oil tank group (12).

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