Landslide-surge test equipment for variable river channel

Abstract

The invention provides landslide-surge test equipment for a variable river channel, and the equipment comprises a water tank which is suitable for containing a water body; the river channel assembly comprises two river channel plate arrays oppositely arranged in the water tank, and the bottom of the water tank and the river channel plate arrays form a simulated river channel; wherein the river channel plate array comprises river channel plates arranged in the length direction of the simulated river channel, and a connecting sealing part is arranged between every two adjacent river channel plates and used for forming sealed connection between the adjacent river channel plates; the riverway adjusting device is coupled with each riverway plate and is suitable for enabling at least part of the riverway plates to move in the width direction of the water tank and adjusting the inclination angles of at least part of the riverway plates relative to the bottom surface of the water tank; the discharging device is suitable for containing the simulated landslide mass and sending the simulated landslide mass into the simulated river channel at a preset speed; and the monitoring assembly is suitable for monitoring physical parameters of the movement process of the simulated landslide mass entering the water body and the surge propagation process caused by the simulated landslide mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster simulation device technology, and in particular to a landslide-surge test device for a variable river channel. Background Technology

[0002] Chain disasters such as landslides, river blockages, and surges occurring in river channels in high mountain and canyon areas are characterized by their suddenness, enormous energy, and wide destructive range. They not only directly impact riverside infrastructure, such as arch dams, gravity dams, and ports, but can also trigger floods far exceeding design standards, posing a significant threat to the lives and property of people downstream. Research on the disaster-causing mechanisms and prevention and control technologies for such problems is of great significance.

[0003] Physical model testing is a crucial method for studying complex disaster chain processes, enabling a direct representation of the entire disaster evolution process and the acquisition of key physical parameters. In related technologies, a flue with a fixed width and angle is often used to simulate a river channel. A simple chute device is then used to send the simulated landslide mass into the simulated river channel. However, this approach often fails to flexibly simulate actual river scenarios under different terrains and landforms, making it difficult to correlate with real-world conditions and hindering further research into the disaster's occurrence process and related mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a landslide-surge test device for variable river channels, which solves the problem that existing landslide-surge test devices simulate fixed river channel morphologies and are difficult to adapt to various river channel morphologies.

[0005] This invention provides a landslide-surge testing device for a variable river channel, comprising: a water tank suitable for holding water; a river channel assembly including two opposing arrays of river channel plates arranged within the water tank, the bottom of the water tank and the arrays of river channel plates forming a simulated river channel; wherein the arrays of river channel plates include river channel plates arranged along the length direction of the simulated river channel, and a connecting sealing part is provided between adjacent river channel plates for forming a sealed connection between adjacent river channel plates; a river channel adjustment device coupled to each of the river channel plates, suitable for moving at least a portion of the river channel plates along the width direction of the water tank, and for adjusting the tilt angle of at least a portion of the river channel plates relative to the bottom surface of the water tank; a feeding device suitable for accommodating a simulated landslide body and feeding the simulated landslide body into the simulated river channel at a preset speed; and a monitoring component suitable for monitoring the physical parameters of the movement process of the simulated landslide body entering the water body and the propagation process of the surge caused by the simulated landslide body.

[0006] According to the landslide-surge test equipment provided by the present invention, the connecting sealing part is a deformable sealing element, which is disposed between two adjacent channel plates and is suitable for maintaining a sealed connection between adjacent channel plates when relative displacement and / or rotation occurs.

[0007] According to the landslide-wave test equipment provided by the present invention, the channel width adjustment device includes a channel width adjustment component, comprising: a plurality of first telescopic rods, spaced apart along the length direction of the simulated channel, and coupled to the corresponding channel plate; wherein, the first telescopic rods are adapted to drive the channel plate to move along the width direction of the water tank to adjust the width of the simulated channel.

[0008] According to the landslide-wave test equipment provided by the present invention, the bottom of the water tank is provided with multiple slide rails, and the channel width adjustment device is provided at intervals along the length direction of the water tank. It also includes multiple sliding supports, which are fixedly connected to each of the first telescopic rods and hinged to each of the channel slabs. The sliding supports are provided with rollers, and the rollers are coupled to the slide rails. The sliding supports move along the slide rails in response to the extension and retraction of the first telescopic rods to drive the channel slabs to move.

[0009] According to the landslide-wave test equipment provided by the present invention, the channel width adjustment device further includes a channel angle adjustment component, comprising a plurality of second telescopic rods; the first end of the second telescopic rod is hinged to the channel slab, and the second end of the second telescopic rod is hinged to the sliding support; wherein, the second telescopic rod is adapted to change the tilt angle of the channel slab relative to the bottom of the water tank by telescopic adjustment.

[0010] According to the landslide-surge testing equipment provided by the present invention, the feeding device includes a first feeding device comprising: a first frame disposed on the side of the simulated river channel, wherein a first guide mechanism is disposed within the first frame; a first material bin adapted to contain the simulated landslide body, the first material bin being movably disposed on the first guide mechanism, the first material bin including a bin door; an acceleration mechanism disposed on the rear side of the first material bin facing away from the simulated river channel, adapted to accelerate the first material bin to a preset speed; and a first angle adjustment mechanism coupled to the first frame to adjust the tilt angle of the first frame relative to the bottom surface of the water tank; wherein the acceleration mechanism accelerates the first material bin to the preset speed, and the bin door opens in response to the first material bin reaching the preset speed, thereby feeding the simulated landslide body in the first material bin into the simulated river channel.

[0011] According to the landslide-surge test equipment provided by the present invention, the feeding device includes a second feeding device, comprising: a trough box body disposed on the side of the simulated river channel, including: a bottom plate; two oppositely disposed side walls, the two side walls and the bottom plate forming a slot facing the simulated river channel; a plurality of feeding gates, spaced apart on the side walls, the feeding gates, side walls and bottom plate constituting a feeding unit suitable for accommodating at least a portion of the simulated landslide body; wherein, the feeding gates are configured to open in a preset sequence; and a second angle adjustment mechanism coupled to the trough box body to adjust the tilt angle of the trough box body relative to the bottom surface of the water tank.

[0012] According to the landslide-surge test equipment provided by the present invention, the chute box is further provided with a width adjustment rod coupled to each of the side walls; wherein the side walls are configured to move towards or away from each other along the width adjustment rod.

[0013] The landslide-wave test equipment provided by the present invention further includes a simulated dam body, which is set in the water tank and spaced apart from the simulated river channel along the length of the water tank. The simulated dam body and the water tank constitute a simulated reservoir area.

[0014] The landslide-wave test equipment provided by the present invention includes a water circulation system, comprising: a first circulation subsystem adapted to supply water to the water tank and regulate the water level of the simulated reservoir; and a second circulation subsystem adapted to supply water to the simulated river and regulate the water level of the simulated river.

[0015] The landslide-surge test equipment for variable river channels provided by this invention, by setting up a river channel plate array and a river channel adjustment device coupled to each river channel plate in the river channel plate array, allows for relatively independent adjustment of the angle and position of at least a portion of the river channel plates. This enables the simulated river channel to more closely resemble the actual river channel morphology. Furthermore, a material feeding device delivers the simulated landslide body into the simulated river channel at a preset speed, generating surges. Monitoring components then monitor various physical parameters during this process to study the landslide-surge process and related mechanisms. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a landslide-surge test apparatus for a variable river channel according to an example of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a simulated river channel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: 10-sink; 21-First channel plate array; 22-Second channel plate array; 23-Connecting sealing part; 31-Channel width adjustment device; 311 - First telescopic pole; 312 - Sliding support; 32 - River channel angle adjustment component; 321 - Second telescopic pole; 322 - Third telescopic pole; 41-First feeding device; 411 - First Frame; 412 - First Material Warehouse; 413 - Acceleration mechanism; 414 - First angle adjustment mechanism; 42-Second feeding device; 421 - Slide rail housing; 422-Sidewall; 423 - Second angle adjustment mechanism; 424 - Width Adjustment Rod; 425 - Feed gate; 43-Peripheral Track; 50 - Simulated dam body; 60 - Water circulation system. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] In related technologies, experimental equipment for landslide-surge disasters often uses a water tank with a fixed width and angle as a river channel for simulation. However, in actual rivers, the width and slope of the river channel vary with the direction of water flow, and different rivers also have different widths and slopes on both sides. Therefore, using only a water tank with a fixed width and angle as a simulated river channel for testing is insufficient to provide adequate support for the study of landslide-surge processes.

[0021] In view of this, the present invention provides a landslide-surge test device for variable river channels.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a landslide-surge test apparatus for a variable river channel according to an example of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the variable channel landslide-surge test equipment includes a water tank 10, a channel assembly, a channel regulating device, a feeding device, and a monitoring component. The water tank 10 is suitable for holding water. The channel assembly includes two opposing arrays of channel plates arranged within the water tank 10, with the bottom of the water tank 10 and the channel plate arrays forming a simulated channel. The channel plate array includes channel plates arranged along the length of the simulated channel, with a connecting sealing part 23 between adjacent channel plates to form a sealed connection. The channel regulating device is coupled to each channel plate and is suitable for moving at least a portion of the channel plates along the width direction of the water tank and adjusting the tilt angle of at least a portion of the channel plates relative to the bottom surface of the water tank. The feeding device is suitable for accommodating the simulated landslide body and feeding it into the simulated channel at a preset speed. The monitoring component is suitable for monitoring the physical parameters of the movement process of the simulated landslide body entering the water and the propagation process of the surge caused by the simulated landslide body.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the main body of the water tank 10 is a large physical model, which adopts a composite structure of fiberglass and concrete, with internal steel reinforcement and a waterproof surface treatment.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the channel plate array can be divided into a first channel plate array 21 and a second channel plate array 22. The first channel plate array 21 can be configured such that the position and angle of each channel plate in the first channel plate array 21 can be adjusted; while the second channel plate array 22 is configured such that the angle of each channel plate relative to the bottom of the water tank 10 is adjustable.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the angle of each channel plate in the two channel plate arrays can be adjusted simultaneously, and the position of each channel plate in the first channel plate array 21 can be adjusted simultaneously to set up common channel morphologies such as "wide and shallow" and "narrow and deep".

[0027] In one embodiment, the connecting sealing part 23 includes an elastic sealing strip and a pressure strip; the elastic sealing strip extends along the opposite edges of the adjacent channel plates and is pressed and fixed to the edges of the adjacent channel plates by the pressure strip and fasteners respectively, so that the elastic sealing strip is sandwiched between the adjacent channel plates to form a watertight connection between the adjacent channel plates.

[0028] In another embodiment, the connecting sealing part 23 includes an elastic gasket sandwiched between the edges of adjacent channel plates, and the sealing is achieved by pressing or interference fit of the adjacent channel plates. According to embodiments of the present invention, the distance between each channel plate of the first channel array and the second channel array can be adjusted according to the actual shape of the real river channel to be tested, so that the simulated river channel widens or narrows locally; in addition, the angle of each channel plate relative to the bottom of the water tank 10 can be adjusted accordingly according to the shape of the real river channel; for example, the channel plate near a certain section can be set with a larger inclination angle to simulate a steep bank section, while the channel plate in another section can be set with a smaller inclination angle to simulate a gentle slope section, so as to realize the composite river channel shape setting that changes along the course.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a simulated landslide body can be accelerated to a preset speed and enter a simulated river channel by means of hydraulic or gravity acceleration.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding device is disposed on the side of the water tank 10 in the width direction, and the discharge end of the feeding device is aligned with the simulated river channel. To ensure that the simulated landslide body can smoothly enter the water after release, a guide transition structure is provided between the discharge end of the feeding device and the simulated river channel. The guide transition structure is configured to guide the movement direction of the simulated landslide body after it leaves the feeding device, so that the simulated landslide body enters the water body along a predetermined path.

[0031] For example, the guide transition structure can be one of a guide slide, a guide groove, or a transition slide, and its end extends above the water surface or into a preset depth below the water surface to reduce the jumping, deviation, or scattering of the simulated landslide body at the moment of entering the water.

[0032] For example, the guide transition structure can be configured as an adjustable installation structure to accommodate position or angle changes caused by the adjustment of the river channel plate array, ensuring that the simulated landslide body can be accurately drawn into the water.

[0033] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the position and angle of each channel plate in the two channel plate arrays can also be set to be adjustable by the channel adjustment device, and the simulated landslide body can be sent into the simulated channel along any channel plate array through the guide transition structure.

[0034] According to embodiments of the present invention, the river channel slab can be a flat structure or a curved structure. In addition, the river channel slab can also be obtained by 3D printing through the construction of a 3D model to simulate the river channel morphology under different landform conditions.

[0035] For example, the monitoring components may include a wave monitoring unit, a flow velocity monitoring unit, a mechanical monitoring unit, a kinematic monitoring unit, and data integration. The wave monitoring unit consists of 16 wave height meter measuring points arranged along the axis of the flume 10. The wave height meters are capacitive digital wave height meters with a range of 0–0.5 m, an accuracy of ±0.25%FS, a sampling frequency of 100 Hz, and output data via RS485 or USB interface. The flow velocity monitoring unit uses a Doppler current meter with a flow velocity range of 0–10 m / s and an accuracy of 0.3% of the reading, used to monitor changes in water flow velocity caused by swells. The mechanical monitoring unit uses a separate earth pressure gauge with a range of 0.1 MPa and a comprehensive error ≤0.5%FS, embedded in the dam body, slope, or riverbed to measure normal stress, and a pore water pressure sensor with a range of 0.1 MPa and an accuracy class of 0.5, embedded in the sample or placed on the structural surface to monitor pore water pressure dynamics. The kinematic monitoring unit uses a high-speed camera with a frame rate of ≥1800fps to capture the movement trajectory, fragmentation, and wave morphology evolution of the landslide body from the side of the flume 10.

[0036] Through the above-mentioned setup, the angle and position of at least a portion of the river channel plates in the river channel plate array can be adjusted by the river channel adjustment device, and a sealed connection can be formed between adjacent river channel plates through the connecting sealing part 23. This allows for the rapid construction of various river channel cross-sectional morphologies such as wide and shallow, narrow and deep, and locally contracted and locally expanded types, thereby improving the ability of the simulated landslide body entry into water and wave propagation test to fit the real river channel topographic conditions and the reliability of the test results.

[0037] In one illustrative embodiment, the landslide-wave testing equipment also includes an operation control system. The sensor signals from each of the aforementioned monitoring components are led out to the operation control system via a waterproof aviation connector for signal acquisition and storage. The hardware of the operation control system employs a multi-channel servo controller based on a 32-bit processor. This controller has an analog signal resolution of ±10,000,000 codes; a sampling frequency of 256 kHz; an analog sensor acquisition accuracy error of ±0.001%FS; and supports multi-axis / multi-actuator linkage control. The software of the operation control system can set and control the corresponding parameters of the feeding device and the river channel regulating device, and synchronously trigger all sensors on the same time axis to ensure data timing consistency.

[0038] In one illustrative embodiment, the connecting seal 23 is a deformable seal disposed between two adjacent channel plates, suitable for maintaining a sealed connection between adjacent channel plates in the event of relative displacement and / or rotation, so as to form a continuous simulated riverbed surface.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two side edges of the deformable seal are respectively pressed and fixed to the edges of adjacent channel plates by pressure strips and fasteners. The middle part of the deformable seal is configured as a compressible / bendable flexible section, such as one with pleats or corrugations, to match the relative displacement and angular difference between adjacent channel plates. Furthermore, the deformable seal can also be a flexible membrane.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a simulated river channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the river width adjustment device 31 includes a river width adjustment assembly, comprising a plurality of first telescopic rods 311, spaced apart along the length of the simulated river and coupled to corresponding river slabs. The first telescopic rods 311 are adapted to drive the river slabs to move along the width direction of the water tank 10 to adjust the width of the simulated river.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the first telescopic rods 311 in the river width adjustment assembly can be connected to each river plate in the first river plate array 21 via a hinged support. For example, rollers can also be provided at the bottom of the river plate on the outer side away from the simulated river, and the width of the simulated river can be adjusted by the telescopic movement of the first telescopic rods 311.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first telescopic rod 311 can be composed of multiple nested high-strength stainless steel sleeves, with wear-resistant polymer rings and special lip seals provided between the sections to form a dynamic seal, preventing mud and sand from entering the gap and ensuring smooth telescopic movement.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first telescopic rod 311 can be fixed to the bottom of the water tank 10 by the mounting seat of the channel width adjustment device 31. The channel width adjustment device 31 integrates a hydraulic cylinder to drive the innermost sleeve to extend or retract. The hydraulic cylinder inside the sleeve works together with the mechanical locking device to ensure the stability and reliability of the width adjustment process, and also has a locking function. Under the set width conditions, it can be mechanically locked to ensure its long-term stability.

[0045] In one illustrative embodiment, the bottom of the water tank 10 is provided with multiple slide rails, spaced apart along the length of the water tank 10. The channel width adjustment device 31 also includes multiple sliding supports 312, which are fixedly connected to each of the first telescopic rods 311 and hinged to each channel plate of the first channel plate array 21; the sliding supports 312 are provided with rollers, and the rollers are coupled to the slide rails. The sliding supports 312 move along the slide rails in response to the extension and retraction of the first telescopic rods 311, thereby driving the channel plates to move.

[0046] With the above-described configuration, since the channel width adjustment device 31 is coupled to the slide rail via the sliding support 312, the stability during the width adjustment process can be ensured by the guiding effect of the slide rail.

[0047] In one illustrative embodiment, the channel width adjustment device 31 further includes a channel angle adjustment component 32, which includes a plurality of second telescopic rods 321; the first end of the second telescopic rod 321 is hinged to the channel plate of the first channel plate array 21, and the second end of the second telescopic rod 321 is hinged to the sliding support 312; wherein, the second telescopic rod 321 is adapted to change the tilt angle of the channel plate relative to the bottom of the water tank 10 by telescopic adjustment.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second telescopic rod 321 may be an electric telescopic rod or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0049] In one illustrative embodiment, the upper end of each channel plate in the second channel plate array 22 is connected to the wall of the water tank 10 by a hinge, and each channel plate in the second channel plate array 22 is connected to multiple third telescopic rods 322 by a hinge. In addition, the lower end of the channel plate in the second channel plate array 22 may also be provided with rollers, and the tilt angle of the channel plate in the second channel plate array 22 can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the third telescopic rods 322.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, the feeding device includes a first feeding device 41, comprising a first frame 411, a first material bin 412, an acceleration mechanism 413, and a first angle adjustment mechanism 414. The first frame 411 is disposed on the side of the simulated river channel, and a first guide mechanism is disposed within the first frame 411. The first material bin 412 is adapted to contain the simulated landslide body and is movably disposed on the first guide mechanism. The first material bin 412 includes a bin door. The acceleration mechanism 413 is disposed on the rear side of the first material bin 412 facing away from the simulated river channel, and is adapted to accelerate the first material bin 412 to a preset speed. The first angle adjustment mechanism 414 is coupled to the first frame 411 to adjust the tilt angle of the first frame 411 relative to the bottom surface of the water tank 10. Specifically, the acceleration mechanism 413 accelerates the first material bin 412 to the preset speed, and the bin door opens in response to the first material bin 412 reaching the preset speed, sending the simulated landslide body in the first material bin 412 into the simulated river channel.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first guiding mechanism may be a slide rail, so that the first material bin 412 can be driven by the acceleration mechanism 413 to ensure the direction of the simulated landslide body leaving the first feeding device 41 through the first guiding mechanism.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the acceleration mechanism 413 can use a hydraulic cylinder as a power source and is arranged on the rear side of the first material bin 412. The piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is rigidly connected to the first material bin 412. By supplying oil to the hydraulic cylinder instantaneously through the centralized operation control system, the first material bin 412 and the simulated landslide body inside it can be accelerated along the first guide mechanism, so that the simulated landslide body reaches a preset speed. Subsequently, the first material bin 412 continues to accelerate and slide under the action of gravity, and finally the simulated landslide body enters the water body at a preset water entry speed.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the door of the first material bin 412 is controlled by an electromagnetic switch. The electromagnet is attracted by a change in an electrical signal, thereby realizing the instantaneous opening of the bin door. The response time of the electromagnetic switch is less than 10 milliseconds.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first angle adjustment mechanism 414 may be an electrically driven telescopic rod or a hydraulic cylinder. By adjusting the first angle adjustment structure, the situation of landslides entering water on mountains with different slopes can be simulated.

[0056] In one illustrative embodiment, the feeding device includes a second feeding device 42, comprising a chute box 421 and a second angle adjustment mechanism 423. The chute box 421, disposed on the side of the simulated river channel, includes: a bottom plate; two opposing side walls 422, the side walls and the bottom plate forming a slot facing the simulated river channel; and a plurality of feeding gates 425, spaced apart on the side walls 422. The feeding gates 425, side walls 422, and bottom plate constitute a feeding unit suitable for accommodating at least a portion of the simulated landslide body, thereby dividing the chute box 421 along its length; wherein the feeding gates 425 are configured to open in a preset sequence. The second angle adjustment mechanism 423 is coupled to the chute box 421 to adjust the tilt angle of the chute box 421 relative to the bottom surface of the water tank 10.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom plate of the chute box 421 can be made of high-precision stainless steel, and the side wall 422 can be made of transparent plexiglass for easy observation.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the discharge gate 425 is rotatably mounted on the chute box 421 via a connecting shaft disposed on the side wall 422. Exemplarily, the connecting shaft is connected to the output end of an independent rotary motor, which rotates upon receiving instructions from the operation control system, thereby controlling the opening or closing of the discharge gate 425. When the discharge gate 425 is closed, the discharge unit, consisting of the discharge gate 425, the side wall 422, and the bottom plate, is used to store the simulated landslide body. When the discharge gate 425 is opened, the simulated landslide body within the discharge unit is released from constraint. At this time, if the second angle adjustment mechanism 423 has adjusted the chute box 421 to a certain tilt angle relative to the bottom surface of the water tank 10, the simulated landslide body slides under the action of gravity and accelerates to a certain speed before entering the water. By segmenting the storage and release of the simulated landslide body, precise control over the volume, shape, and release sequence of the simulated landslide body is ensured.

[0059] For example, the chute body 421 also includes a cover to prevent the simulated landslide material from overflowing.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second angle adjustment mechanism 423 can be controlled by an angle adjustment cylinder disposed at the bottom of the chute housing 421. The cylinder body end of the angle adjustment cylinder is hinged to the base frame via a pin, and the piston rod end is hinged to the bottom of the chute frame. By driving the cylinder to extend and retract via a hydraulic system, stepless adjustment and locking of the chute inclination angle within the range of 0° to 65° can be achieved.

[0061] In one illustrative embodiment, the chute housing 421 is further provided with a width adjusting rod 424, which is coupled to each side wall 422. The side walls 422 are configured to move towards or away from each other along the width adjusting rod 424.

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding gate 425 is detachably mounted on the connecting shaft, and the feeding gate 425 has a variety of different widths. After the side wall 422 is adjusted to the target spacing, the feeding gate 425 that matches the target spacing is selected for installation.

[0063] Optionally, replaceable side sealing strips / stop strips are provided on both sides of the discharge gate 425 to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, so that the discharge gate 425 can still form a material-stopping fit with the side wall 422 under different gate widths.

[0064] The width of the simulated landslide can be adjusted as needed using the above settings.

[0065] In one illustrative embodiment, the second feeding device 42 further includes a sidewall 422 width adjustment device, which includes width adjustment cylinders disposed on both sides of the chute box 421 and coupled to the sidewall 422 to drive the two sidewalls 422 to move toward or away from each other.

[0066] In one illustrative embodiment, the landslide-surge test equipment is further provided with an external track 43 along the length of the simulated river channel. The first feeding device 41 and / or the second feeding device 42 are slidably mounted on the external track 43 to facilitate the selection of the location where the simulated landslide body enters the water.

[0067] In one illustrative embodiment, the landslide-wave test equipment also includes a simulated dam 50, which is set in the water tank 10 and spaced apart from the simulated river channel along the length of the water tank 10. The simulated dam 50 and the water tank 10 constitute a simulated reservoir area.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the simulated dam body 50 is provided with a preset installation interface, which corresponds to the fixed interface reserved at the bottom of the water tank 10, so as to realize the fixed connection between the simulated dam body 50 and the water tank 10.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the simulated dam body 50 can be manufactured according to the actual dam body (such as a hyperbolic arch dam, gravity dam, etc.) based on a proportional conversion. Specifically, it can be formed using reinforced concrete, polymer composite materials or 3D printing technology.

[0070] In this invention, with the main direction of water flow in the water tank 10 as a reference, the side closer to the inlet end is defined as the upstream end, and the side closer to the outlet end is defined as the downstream end; the simulated dam body 50 divides the water area in the water tank 10 into a simulated reservoir area in front of the dam and a simulated river channel behind the dam.

[0071] In one illustrative embodiment, the landslide-wave test apparatus further includes a water circulation system 60. The water circulation system is used to establish and maintain the simulated reservoir water level and simulated river water level required for the test. The water circulation system includes a first circulation subsystem and a second circulation subsystem: the first circulation subsystem includes a first water pump, a water supply pipeline, and a water inlet device located near the water inlet of the water tank 10. The first water pump is used to transport water through the water supply pipeline to the water inlet device and inject water into the water tank 10 to simulate inflow and regulate the water level of the simulated reservoir; the second circulation subsystem includes a second water pump, a second water supply pipeline, and a water outlet and replenishment device located downstream of the simulated dam 50. The second water pump is used to replenish water to the simulated river downstream of the dam to regulate the water level of the downstream simulated river.

[0072] Preferably, a tailrace control weir is set at the downstream end of the simulated river channel to cooperate with the second circulation subsystem to achieve stable control of the water level in the downstream simulated river channel.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide-surge testing device for a variable river channel, characterized in that, include: Water tank, suitable for holding water; A river channel assembly includes two opposing arrays of river channel plates disposed within a water tank, the bottom of the water tank and the arrays of river channel plates forming a simulated river channel; wherein, the arrays of river channel plates include river channel plates arranged along the length direction of the simulated river channel, and a connecting sealing part is provided between two adjacent river channel plates for forming a sealed connection between adjacent river channel plates. A channel regulating device, coupled to each of the channel plates, is adapted to move at least a portion of the channel plates along the width direction of the water tank, and to adjust the tilt angle of at least a portion of the channel plates relative to the bottom surface of the water tank. The feeding device is suitable for accommodating simulated landslide bodies and feeding the simulated landslide bodies into the simulated river channel at a preset speed; The monitoring component is suitable for monitoring the physical parameters of the movement process of the simulated landslide entering the water body and the propagation process of the surge caused by the simulated landslide.

2. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting sealing part is a deformable sealing element, which is disposed between two adjacent channel plates and is suitable for maintaining a sealed connection between adjacent channel plates when relative displacement and / or rotation occurs.

3. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The river width adjustment device includes a river width adjustment component, comprising: Multiple first telescopic rods are spaced apart along the length of the simulated river channel and coupled to the corresponding river channel slabs; The first telescopic rod is adapted to drive the riverbed plate to move along the width direction of the water tank in order to adjust the width of the simulated river.

4. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the water tank is provided with multiple slide rails, which are spaced apart along the length of the water tank; The river width adjustment device also includes multiple sliding supports, which are fixedly connected to each of the first telescopic rods and hinged to each of the river slabs; The sliding support is provided with rollers, and the rollers are coupled to the slide rail; The sliding support moves along the slide rail in response to the extension and retraction of the first telescopic rod, thereby driving the river channel slab to move.

5. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The river width adjustment device also includes a river angle adjustment component, comprising multiple second telescopic rods; The first end of the second telescopic rod is hinged to the river channel slab, and the second end of the second telescopic rod is hinged to the sliding support; The second telescopic rod is adapted to change the tilt angle of the river channel plate relative to the bottom of the water tank by telescopic adjustment.

6. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device includes a first feeding device, comprising: A first frame is disposed on the side of the simulated river channel, and a first guide mechanism is disposed within the first frame; The first material bin is adapted to contain the simulated landslide body. The first material bin is movably mounted on the first guide mechanism. The first material bin includes a bin door. An acceleration mechanism is located on the rear side of the first material bin, away from the simulated river channel, and is suitable for accelerating the first material bin to a preset speed. A first angle adjustment mechanism is coupled to the first frame to adjust the tilt angle of the first frame relative to the bottom surface of the water tank. The acceleration mechanism accelerates the first material bin to a preset speed, and the bin door opens in response to the first material bin reaching the preset speed, sending the simulated landslide body in the first material bin into the simulated river channel.

7. The landslide-surge test equipment according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The feeding device includes a second feeding device, comprising: A chute box, disposed on the side of the simulated river channel, includes: Base plate; The two side walls are set opposite each other, and the two side walls and the bottom plate form a groove facing the simulated river channel; Multiple discharge gates are spaced apart on the side wall, and the discharge gates, side walls, and bottom plate constitute a discharge unit suitable for accommodating at least a portion of the simulated landslide body; wherein, the discharge gates are configured to open in a preset sequence; The second angle adjustment mechanism is coupled to the chute box to adjust the tilt angle of the chute box relative to the bottom surface of the water tank.

8. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The chute box is also provided with a width adjustment rod, which is coupled to each of the side walls; wherein the side walls are configured to move towards or away from each other along the width adjustment rod.

9. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a simulated dam body, which is set in the water channel and spaced apart from the simulated river channel along the length of the water channel. The simulated dam body and the water channel constitute a simulated reservoir area.

10. The landslide-wave testing equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a water circulation system, including: The first circulation subsystem is suitable for supplying water to the water tank and regulating the water level of the simulated reservoir area; The second circulation subsystem is suitable for supplying water to the simulated river and regulating the water level of the simulated river.

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