Bridge overturning monitoring and alarming system based on Internet of Things communication

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge overturning monitoring and alarming system based on Internet of Things communication. The bridge overturning monitoring and alarming system comprises a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer and an alarming response layer, the sensor node layer is used for carrying out real-time monitoring on the state of a bridge structure, the network communication layer is used for realizing wireless transmission of monitoring data, the data processing layer is used for carrying out analysis and health assessment on collected data, and the alarm response layer is used for triggering early warning and linkage response when abnormity is detected; according to the invention, a plurality of sensors are arranged at key parts of a bridge, data such as inclination angle, vibration and displacement are collected in real time, and the data are transmitted to the master controller and the cloud platform by using LoRa and NB-IoT networks, so that intelligent monitoring and risk assessment of a bridge structure state are realized. When the system detects an abnormal signal or an overturning trend, multi-level alarm can be triggered automatically, and early warning information is pushed to managers and the public in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge safety monitoring and Internet of Things communication, and particularly to a bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of highway and urban traffic construction, the number and scale of bridges are constantly increasing. As an important part of traffic infrastructure, the structural safety of bridges directly relates to people's life and property safety and social and economic stability. However, affected by various factors such as geological conditions, overloading operation, natural disasters, aging damage, etc., bridges are at risk of tilting, vibrating, cracking, and even overall overturning.

[0003] At present, bridge safety monitoring mainly adopts manual inspection or wired monitoring systems. Manual inspection has problems such as long cycle, poor real-time performance, and high missed inspection rate; while traditional wired monitoring systems have complex wiring, high construction difficulty, high later maintenance cost, and data mostly rely on local storage and manual analysis, and cannot achieve real-time monitoring and linkage alarm across regions.

[0004] In recent years, Internet of Things communication technologies (such as NB-IoT, LoRa, etc.) have provided new solutions for intelligent monitoring of infrastructure. Through low-power wireless communication modules, real-time data collection and remote transmission of multiple nodes can be achieved, greatly improving the monitoring accuracy and response speed. However, existing Internet of Things-based bridge monitoring systems mostly focus on structural strain or crack monitoring, lack research on the dynamic perception of the overall overturning state of bridges and the cascade communication alarm mechanism, and lack the active warning function for pedestrians and vehicles.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication with simple structure, stable communication, fast response, and capable of realizing regional linkage warning to solve the deficiencies of existing technologies in bridge safety monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication, including a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer, and an alarm response layer; The sensor node layer is used for real-time monitoring of the bridge structure state, the network communication layer is used for realizing wireless transmission of monitoring data, the data processing layer is used for analyzing and health evaluating the collected data, and the alarm response layer is used for triggering early warning and linkage response when detecting abnormalities; Among them: (1) The sensor node layer consists of multiple monitoring nodes, which are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the bridge, the piers and key stress-bearing parts. Each monitoring node includes an inclination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a displacement sensor, a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a wireless communication module. (2) The monitoring node communicates with adjacent nodes in a cascaded manner through a wireless network and transmits the monitoring data to the main controllers set at both ends of the bridge; (3) The network communication layer adopts NB-IoT communication to realize data interaction between the main controller and the cloud data center; (4) The data processing layer includes a main controller, an edge computing unit and a cloud server. The main controller is used for local data aggregation and preliminary analysis, and the cloud server is used for in-depth data processing, trend prediction and bridge health status assessment. (5) When the alarm response layer detects a node signal loss, abnormal tilt angle or excessive vibration, it automatically triggers an alarm mechanism and sends a warning message to relevant personnel and public terminals through the communication base station or management platform.

[0008] Preferably, the monitoring nodes communicate via a self-organizing network, and when any node fails, the system can re-establish a communication link through adjacent nodes.

[0009] Preferably, the main controller has a power-off resume unit, which can cache monitoring data when communication is interrupted and upload it after recovery.

[0010] Preferably, the alarm response layer can send warning text messages or APP push information to pedestrians and vehicles around the bridge through communication base stations.

[0011] Preferably, the cloud server is capable of performing trend analysis on historical monitoring data and generating a bridge health index report.

[0012] Preferably, the alarm response layer includes a three-level alarm mechanism: the first-level alarm is triggered by the main controller to provide local audible and visual warnings; the second-level alarm sends SMS messages, APP push notifications, or management platform notifications to bridge management personnel via the communication network; and the third-level alarm pushes risk warning information to the mobile phones of vehicles and pedestrians around the bridge via the communication base station.

[0013] Preferably, the main controller can periodically synchronize the system clock with the cloud server and update the data sampling and reporting strategy.

[0014] Preferably, the system has a self-diagnosis and self-recovery unit. When a node experiences data abnormality or communication interruption, the system automatically restarts the communication module and records the fault log.

[0015] Preferably, the data processing layer also includes a visualization management platform for displaying the bridge's health status, risk level distribution, and alarm records.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Clear hierarchical structure, flexible and efficient deployment: The system of this invention adopts a hierarchical modular architecture design, consisting of a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer, and an alarm response layer. Data exchange between layers occurs through standardized communication interfaces. Node installation locations are flexible, allowing for rapid deployment and expansion according to different bridge structures. System maintenance and upgrades are convenient, significantly improving engineering adaptability and implementation efficiency. 2. Reliable communication and stable data transmission: The system adopts LoRa and NB-IoT low-power wide-area communication technologies to achieve long-distance wireless data transmission and supports multi-node cascading and self-organizing network functions. When some nodes fail or communication is interrupted, the network can automatically reconstruct the route to ensure the continuity and reliability of data transmission, greatly improving the fault tolerance and reliability of the system; 3. Intelligent Analysis and Rapid Response: This invention combines edge computing and cloud computing technologies to achieve real-time data analysis and preliminary anomaly judgment at the main controller, and historical data mining and trend prediction in the cloud. The system can trigger an alarm within seconds of monitoring data exceeding limits, enabling rapid identification and early warning response to risks such as bridge overturning, abnormal vibration, or sudden displacement. 4. Enhanced Collaborative Early Warning and Strong Social Protection: In addition to sending alarm information to bridge management personnel, the system can also push risk alerts to pedestrians and vehicles around the bridge in real time via communication base stations or operator networks. This multi-level alarm mechanism realizes a closed-loop protection model of "professional monitoring - public early warning - emergency linkage," significantly improving bridge safety protection and social emergency response capabilities.

[0017] 5. High scalability and sustainability: The system design boasts excellent compatibility and scalability, allowing for dynamic configuration of the number of nodes, monitoring parameters, and communication methods based on the structural characteristics, risk levels, and operating environments of different bridges. Furthermore, the system supports remote firmware updates and algorithm iterations, facilitating long-term operation and technological upgrades, and possesses high portability and sustainable application value.

[0018] In summary, this invention discloses a bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things (IoT) communication. The system consists of a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer, and an alarm response layer. By deploying multiple sensors at key locations on the bridge, data such as tilt angle, vibration, and displacement are collected in real time and transmitted to the main controller and cloud platform via LoRa and NB-IoT networks, enabling intelligent monitoring and risk assessment of the bridge's structural condition. When the system detects abnormal signals or overturning trends, it can automatically trigger multi-level alarms and promptly push early warning information to management personnel and the public. This invention has advantages such as clear structure, stable communication, rapid response, and strong early warning linkage, and can be widely applied to the safety monitoring and emergency management of highway, railway, and urban bridges. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the bottom nodes of the bridge according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the communication topology of the sensor nodes in this invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the data processing and alarm response of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-4 This invention provides a bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication, including a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer and an alarm response layer. Each layer realizes data interaction and collaborative work through standardized communication interfaces to form a closed-loop monitoring system.

[0022] Sensor node layer: The sensor node layer is used to monitor the bridge structure in real time. It consists of multiple monitoring nodes, which are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the bridge, piers and key stress-bearing parts to ensure comprehensive coverage of the overall structural attitude of the bridge.

[0023] Each monitoring node integrates a tilt sensor, an acceleration sensor, a displacement sensor, a microcontroller unit (MCU), and a wireless communication module, wherein: Inclination sensors, acceleration sensors, and displacement sensors are used to collect multi-dimensional structural parameters of bridges in real time, such as inclination changes, vibration amplitude, and displacement, to comprehensively reflect the dynamic state of the bridge structure. The microcontroller unit (MCU) is used to perform preliminary filtering and standardization on the acquired raw data to reduce data noise, while controlling the sampling frequency and data transmission rhythm of the sensor. The wireless communication module is used to realize data transmission between the monitoring node and adjacent nodes and the master controller, and supports cascading communication and self-organizing network functions.

[0024] The monitoring nodes communicate via a self-organizing network. When any node fails or communication is interrupted, the system can automatically re-establish the communication link through adjacent nodes, ensuring the continuity of monitoring data transmission and improving the system's fault tolerance.

[0025] Network communication layer: The network communication layer is used to realize the wireless transmission of monitoring data. It adopts a combination of LoRa and NB-IoT low-power wide-area communication technologies to build a multi-layered communication network. The monitoring nodes interact with each other in a cascaded manner through a LoRa wireless communication network. The LoRa technology is characterized by low power consumption, long distance, and strong anti-interference ability, making it suitable for the complex outdoor environment of bridges. The main controller communicates with the cloud data center via NB-IoT to enable remote transmission of monitoring data and command issuance. The wide coverage and large connectivity of NB-IoT technology can meet the data transmission needs of simultaneous monitoring of multiple bridges.

[0026] The communication network supports encrypted data transmission, ensuring the security and privacy of monitoring data and preventing data leakage or tampering.

[0027] Data processing layer: The data processing layer is used to analyze and assess the health of the collected data. It includes the main controller, edge computing units, cloud servers, and a visualization management platform, forming a hierarchical processing architecture of "local preprocessing + cloud-based deep analysis". The main controller is located at both ends of the bridge and integrates a microprocessor, edge computing unit, NB-IoT communication module and power management system. It is used to aggregate, perform preliminary local analysis and storage of data uploaded by each monitoring node. The edge computing unit is deployed within the main controller to perform real-time fusion calculations on multi-dimensional data such as tilt angle, acceleration, and displacement, quickly determine whether the data is abnormal, reduce the data processing pressure on the cloud, and improve response speed; The cloud server is used to deeply process the received monitoring data, predict trends, and evaluate the health status of the bridge. By mining and analyzing historical monitoring data, a bridge health index report is generated to provide data support for bridge maintenance decisions. The visualization management platform is used to intuitively display the bridge health status, risk level distribution, and alarm records, and supports remote monitoring and decision-making by management personnel. The platform has functions such as data query, historical track playback, and report export.

[0028] The master controller has the function of continuous data transmission after power failure. It can cache monitoring data when the communication is interrupted or the power is off, and automatically upload it after the communication is restored or the power supply is normal to ensure that the data is not lost. At the same time, the master controller can periodically synchronize the system clock with the cloud server and dynamically update the data sampling and reporting strategy according to the bridge structure characteristics and environmental conditions to improve the adaptability of the system.

[0029] The system has self-diagnosis and self-recovery functions. When data anomalies or communication interruptions occur in the monitoring nodes, the system automatically restarts the communication module, records the fault log, and promptly feedbacks to the management personnel for easy fault troubleshooting and maintenance.

[0030] Alarm response layer: The alarm response layer is used to trigger early warnings and linkage responses when anomalies are detected. When the system detects the loss of node signals, abnormal inclination, or vibration exceeding the limit, it automatically triggers the alarm mechanism, specifically including a three-level alarm mechanism: Level 1 alarm: Directly trigger local audible and visual warnings by the master controller, and send warning signals through the audible and visual alarms installed at both ends of the bridge to remind the personnel near the bridge to pay attention to safety. Level 2 alarm: Send text messages, APP push notifications, or management platform notifications to bridge management personnel through the communication network to ensure that the management personnel learn about the abnormal situation in a timely manner and promptly initiate the emergency response process. Level 3 alarm: Send early warning text messages or APP push messages to pedestrians and vehicles within a certain range around the bridge through the communication base station to prompt avoidance and detour to avoid secondary disasters.

[0031] The alarm response layer can flexibly adjust the coverage range of early warning information according to the actual situation such as the geographical location and traffic flow of the bridge to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the early warning.

[0032] Embodiment: The bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication provided by the present invention has the following specific configurations and working processes for each layer: Configuration and deployment of the sensor node layer: The monitoring nodes are arranged longitudinally at equal intervals along the bottom of the bridge. The distance between adjacent nodes is reasonably set according to the bridge length and structural characteristics to ensure no monitoring blind spots. The specific configuration of each monitoring node is as follows: <^ The tilt sensor, acceleration sensor, and displacement sensor adopt the high-performance six-axis sensor MPU6050 with a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, which can accurately collect multi-dimensional parameters such as the tilt angle change, vibration amplitude, and displacement of the bridge. The microcontroller unit (MCU) uses an STM32F105RBT6 chip, which is responsible for processing and judging the acquired signals, controlling the data transmission rhythm, and transmitting the processed valid data to the main controller through the wireless communication module. The wireless communication module adopts a LoRa module of model WH-L102-LP, which supports multi-node cascaded communication and realizes stable data transmission between monitoring nodes, adjacent nodes and the master controller.

[0033] Each monitoring node forms a cascaded network, and regularly uploads the collected monitoring data to the main controllers at both ends of the bridge. The upload cycle can be remotely configured through the main controllers or the cloud platform.

[0034] Network communication layer operation mode: The monitoring nodes communicate in a cascaded manner via a LoRa wireless communication network. Each node acts as both a data acquisition end and a data forwarding end. When one node fails, adjacent nodes automatically relay the data, ensuring uninterrupted communication. The main controller establishes a connection with the cloud data center via an NB-IoT communication module. The NB-IoT communication module integrated into the main controller is model EC-01F, which enables long-distance, low-power data transmission, ensuring that monitoring data is uploaded to the cloud in real time.

[0035] Data processing layer operation flow: The main controller uses an STM32F407VET6 microprocessor, which integrates an edge computing unit, a power management system, and a storage module. Its workflow is as follows: 1. Data reception and aggregation: The main controller periodically receives monitoring data uploaded by each monitoring node, classifies and stores the data, and performs preliminary verification. 2. Local preliminary analysis: The edge computing unit performs fusion calculations on the received data and judges whether the data is abnormal based on preset thresholds. When a node's data loss is detected twice in a row, or the tilt angle exceeds the set threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of overturning in that area. 3. Data Upload and Synchronization: The main controller uploads normal monitoring data and anomaly judgment results to the cloud server through the NB-IoT communication module, and periodically synchronizes the system clock with the cloud to update the sampling and reporting strategy; 4. Cloud-based in-depth analysis: After receiving the data, the cloud server analyzes the bridge overturning trend through algorithm models, generates a bridge health index report based on the risk level, and synchronizes it to the visualization management platform.

[0036] The visual management platform combines web and mobile terminals, allowing managers to view bridge status, receive alarm information, and export historical data reports at any time via computers, mobile phones, and other devices.

[0037] Alarm response layer triggering and execution: When the main controller detects an abnormal situation, it triggers a response step by step according to the three-level alarm mechanism: 1. Level 1 alarm trigger: The main controller activates the local audible and visual alarm, emitting a continuous audible and visual warning signal, covering both ends of the bridge and the surrounding nearby area; 2. Level 2 Alarm Push: The system automatically sends alarm information to the administrator's mobile APP, SMS terminal and management platform, including the abnormal location, abnormal type and risk level; 3. Three-level alarm linkage: The cloud platform determines whether a three-level alarm needs to be triggered based on the risk level. If it is a high-risk level, it sends a warning SMS or APP push to pedestrians and vehicles within a 1-kilometer radius of the bridge through the telecommunications operator's base station, prompting "There is a safety risk on the bridge, please avoid it in time."

[0038] After an alarm event ends, the system automatically stores all monitoring and response data. The cloud platform performs statistical analysis on the data, optimizes risk assessment thresholds and early warning strategies, and improves the accuracy of subsequent monitoring and alarms.

[0039] This invention discloses a bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things (IoT) communication. The system consists of a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer, and an alarm response layer. By deploying multiple sensors at key locations on the bridge, data such as tilt angle, vibration, and displacement are collected in real time and transmitted to the main controller and cloud platform via LoRa and NB-IoT networks, enabling intelligent monitoring and risk assessment of the bridge's structural condition. When the system detects abnormal signals or overturning trends, it can automatically trigger multi-level alarms and promptly push early warning information to management personnel and the public. This invention has advantages such as clear structure, stable communication, rapid response, and strong early warning linkage, and can be widely applied to safety monitoring and emergency management of highway, railway, and urban bridges.

[0040] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication, characterized in that: It includes a sensor node layer, a network communication layer, a data processing layer, and an alarm response layer; The sensor node layer is used to monitor the bridge structure status in real time; the network communication layer is used to realize the wireless transmission of monitoring data; the data processing layer is used to analyze and assess the health of the collected data; and the alarm response layer is used to trigger early warning and linkage response when an anomaly is detected. in: (1) The sensor node layer consists of multiple monitoring nodes, which are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the bridge, the piers and key stress-bearing parts. Each monitoring node includes an inclination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a displacement sensor, a microcontroller unit and a wireless communication module. (2) The monitoring node communicates with adjacent nodes in a cascaded manner through a wireless network and transmits the monitoring data to the main controllers set at both ends of the bridge; (3) The network communication layer adopts NB-IoT communication to realize data interaction between the main controller and the cloud data center; (4) The data processing layer includes a main controller, an edge computing unit and a cloud server. The main controller is used for local data aggregation and preliminary analysis, and the cloud server is used for in-depth data processing, trend prediction and bridge health status assessment. (5) When the alarm response layer detects a node signal loss, abnormal tilt angle or excessive vibration, it automatically triggers an alarm mechanism and sends a warning message to relevant personnel and public terminals through the communication base station or management platform.

2. The bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring nodes communicate via a self-organizing network. When any node fails, the system can re-establish a communication link through adjacent nodes.

3. The bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main controller has a power failure resume transmission unit, which can cache monitoring data when communication is interrupted and upload it after recovery.

4. The bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm response layer can send warning text messages or push information via APP to pedestrians and vehicles around the bridge through communication base stations.

5. A bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloud server can perform trend analysis on historical monitoring data and generate a bridge health index report.

6. The bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm response layer includes a three-level alarm mechanism: Level 1 alarms are triggered by the main controller to provide local audible and visual warnings; Level 2 alarms send SMS messages, APP push notifications, or management platform notifications to bridge management personnel via the communication network; and Level 3 alarms push risk warning information to the mobile phones of vehicles and pedestrians around the bridge via the communication base station.

7. A bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main controller can periodically synchronize the system clock with the cloud server and update the data sampling and reporting strategy.

8. A bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system has a self-diagnosis and self-recovery unit. When a node experiences data abnormality or communication interruption, the system automatically restarts the communication module and records the fault log.

9. A bridge overturning monitoring and alarm system based on Internet of Things communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing layer also includes a visualization management platform for displaying the bridge's health status, risk level distribution, and alarm records.

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