A hydraulic support base

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel support technology and solves the problem of poor stability of hydraulic support bases in existing technologies. This invention provides a hydraulic support base, comprising: a housing; a soft pressure plate and a hard pressure rod vertically movably disposed at the bottom of the housing; a probe vertically extendable and retractable within the hard pressure rod; a sensing spring linked to the probe; a fixed stroke threshold S set on the probe's retraction path; and a mode switching mechanism driven by the probe when its retraction stroke reaches the fixed stroke threshold S. When the probe's retraction stroke reaches the fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism locks the base in a soft contact mode where the soft pressure plate supports the hard floor of the tunnel; when the probe's retraction stroke does not reach the fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism switches the base to a hard contact mode where the hard pressure rod inserts and compacts the soft layer of the tunnel floor, supporting the base on a hard substrate. This invention has the advantage of strong stability on both hard and soft floor surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology, specifically to a hydraulic support base. Background Technology

[0002] The base of a hydraulic support for tunnel support is the "foundation" of the entire hydraulic support system. It sits directly on the tunnel floor and bears the enormous pressure transmitted from the roof through the roof beams and columns. Therefore, the performance of the hydraulic support base is a core element affecting the stability of the hydraulic support, especially when facing complex tunnel floor conditions and harsh environments. The stability of the base plays a crucial role in the overall stability of the hydraulic support. Tunnel floors, based on their hardness, are divided into two different types of bearing surfaces: hard floors and soft floors. For both types of bearing surfaces, a single base structure is insufficient to effectively achieve stable support. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a base that can provide stable support in both hard and soft tunnel floor conditions to improve the stability of tunnel support and thus ensure the safety of tunnel operations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the technical problem that hydraulic support bases in the prior art are unable to provide stable support in both soft and hard roadway floor conditions, the present invention provides a hydraulic support base that can automatically detect the softness or hardness of the roadway floor beneath the base in real time. It can automatically adopt a hard contact mode on soft floor to prevent sinking and automatically adopt a soft contact mode on hard floor to enhance friction, thereby improving the stability of roadway support.

[0004] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention provides a hydraulic support base, comprising: a housing; a soft pressure plate and a hard pressure rod movably disposed at the bottom of the housing; a probe movably telescopically disposed within the hard pressure rod; a sensing spring disposed within the housing and linked to the probe, the sensing spring providing a downward elastic force to the probe; a fixed stroke threshold S preset on the probe's retraction path; and a mode switching mechanism disposed within the housing; when the probe's retraction stroke reaches the fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism locks the base in a soft contact mode where the soft pressure plate supports the hard floor of the tunnel; when the probe's retraction stroke does not reach the fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism switches the base to a hard contact mode where the hard pressure rod inserts into and compacts the soft layer of the tunnel floor, supporting it on a hard substrate.

[0005] Optionally, the mode switching mechanism includes: an upper locking component that locks the vertical movement direction of the rigid bearing rod in the initial state; a driving component that drives the rigid bearing rod to rotate and switches the upper locking component to the unlocked state when the probe retraction stroke reaches a fixed stroke threshold S before the soft bearing plate moves upward; and a lower locking component that locks the rigid bearing rod in the circumferential direction when the upward movement of the soft bearing plate precedes the probe retraction movement.

[0006] Optionally, the upper locking assembly includes: a first sector-shaped toothed plate fixed to both sides of the top end of the rigid bearing rod with a central angle of 90°; a second sector-shaped toothed plate engaging with the outer side of the first sector-shaped toothed plate with a central angle of 90°; the rigid bearing rod is rotated 90° to separate the first sector-shaped toothed plate from the second sector-shaped toothed plate, and the base is in a soft contact mode.

[0007] Optionally, the lower locking assembly includes: a locking groove disposed in the middle of the first sector toothed plate and the second sector toothed plate; a locking rod fixed to the soft bearing plate and located directly below the locking groove; when the soft bearing plate moves upward before the probe retracts, the locking rod is inserted into the locking groove, and the base is in hard contact mode.

[0008] Optionally, the drive assembly includes: a spiral groove disposed inside the rigid pressure rod; a spherical slider that slides with the spiral groove and is fixedly disposed on the probe surface; when the spherical slider moves from the bottom end to the top end of the spiral groove, the rigid pressure rod rotates 90° and causes the upper locking assembly to switch to the unlocked state.

[0009] Optionally, the mode switching mechanism further includes a state adjustment component linked to the soft pressure plate; in the soft contact mode, when the soft pressure plate moves up to fit the bottom of the housing, the state adjustment component switches the probe to a state that can retract into the hard pressure rod.

[0010] Optionally, the state adjustment component includes: a square-shaped slot disposed at the top of the probe; a square-shaped insertion rod inserted into the slot; the distance between the bottom end of the insertion rod and the inner bottom wall of the slot is adapted to a fixed stroke threshold S; in soft contact mode, the insertion rod is pushed out of the slot when the soft pressure plate moves upward.

[0011] Optionally, a linkage frame is fixedly connected to the top of the insertion rod, and a top rod is fixedly connected to the side of the linkage frame, with the top rod contacting the top of the soft pressure plate.

[0012] Optionally, the housing includes: a tubular portion sleeved on the top end of the rigid pressure-bearing rod, a circular seat plate fixedly disposed on the bottom end of the tubular portion, and an annular plate fixedly disposed on the top end of the tubular portion; the tubular portion is sleeved on the top end of the rigid pressure-bearing rod, the upper locking assembly is located inside the tubular portion, and the rigid pressure-bearing rod is sleeved on the outside of the circular seat plate.

[0013] Optionally, the soft pressure plate includes: a rigid frame plate that is slidably sleeved on the outside of the housing and a soft contact plate fixedly installed on the bottom of the rigid frame plate; a central spring is provided between the rigid frame plate and the housing.

[0014] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0015] (1) By setting up soft bearing plates and hard bearing rods, when the roadway floor is a hard floor, the soft bearing plates bear the main support force. The soft bearing plates have a wider contact range with the hard floor and greater friction, which can improve the stability of the base. When the roadway floor is a soft floor, the hard bearing rods are inserted into the soft layer of the roadway floor and compacted or supported on the hard base of the roadway floor. This makes the hard bearing rods establish a rigid bearing path for the column on the soft floor of the roadway, which leads directly to the hard base. Thus, the support force is effectively applied to the hard base with strong bearing capacity. At this time, the hard bearing rods bypass the low bearing capacity medium and anchor the force to the hard base with high bearing capacity, thereby achieving stable support.

[0016] (2) During the column lowering process, the probe and mode switching mechanism are under the reaction force of the roadway floor. When the probe moves upward before the soft bearing plate, and the contraction stroke reaches the fixed stroke threshold S, the roadway floor is determined to be a hard floor. Otherwise, the roadway floor is determined to be a soft floor. Thus, by utilizing the difference in reaction force between the hard and soft floor on the probe, the base can automatically determine whether the roadway floor is a soft or hard floor during the column lowering process. When the roadway floor is a hard floor, the soft contact mode is automatically switched, and when the roadway floor is a soft floor, the hard contact mode is automatically switched.

[0017] (3) In the hard contact mode, when the hard bearing rod is stably supported on the hard base of the roadway floor, the probe retracts into the hard bearing rod, which can prevent the probe from being damaged due to excessive force and achieve the effect of protecting the probe. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the hydraulic support base and the column in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic support base of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic support base of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the fit between the rigid bearing rod, sensing spring, and insertion rod.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 4 A partial sectional view;

[0024] Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of the middle shell;

[0025] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a medium-soft bearing plate;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the hydraulic support base and the column in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the central ball joint and the shell in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] The components include: 1. Shell; 101. Tube body; 102. Circular seat plate; 103. Ring plate; 2. Soft pressure plate; 201. Rigid skeleton plate; 202. Soft contact plate; 3. Rigid pressure rod; 4. Probe; 5. Sensing spring; 6. Upper locking assembly; 601. First sector toothed plate; 602. Second sector toothed plate; 7. Lower locking assembly; 701. Lock groove; 702. Locking rod; 8. Drive assembly; 801. Spiral groove; 802. Spherical slider; 9. State adjustment assembly; 901. Slot; 902. Insert rod; 10. Linkage frame; 11. Top rod; 12. Central spring; 13. Central ball joint; 14. Leveling cylinder; 15. Lateral ball joint; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Column; 18. Pad plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention. It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydraulic support base, including: a soft pressure plate 2 and a rigid pressure rod 3 that are vertically movable at the bottom of the housing 1; a probe 4 that is vertically telescopically disposed within the rigid pressure rod 3; a sensing spring 5 that is linked to the probe 4; a fixed stroke threshold S set on the retraction path of the probe 4; and a mode switching mechanism driven by the probe 4 when the retraction stroke reaches the fixed stroke threshold S.

[0032] In the initial state: the probe 4 remains extended from the bottom of the rigid pressure rod 3, and the extension distance of the probe 4 is adapted to the fixed stroke threshold S; the bottom of the rigid pressure rod 3 is flush with the lower surface of the soft pressure plate 2.

[0033] When the probe 4 retracts to a fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism locks the base in a soft contact mode where it is supported by the soft pressure plate 2 on the hard floor of the tunnel. When the probe 4 retracts to a fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism switches the base to a hard contact mode where the hard pressure rod 3 is inserted and compacted into the soft layer of the tunnel floor before being supported on a hard base.

[0034] When the roadway floor is a hard floor: During the column lowering process, the probe 4 will immediately begin to retract after contacting the hard floor. When the probe 4 retracts into the hard bearing rod 3, the retraction stroke of the probe 4 reaches the fixed stroke threshold S. At this time, the soft bearing plate 2 is supported on the hard floor of the roadway. The deformation of the soft bearing plate 2 under pressure is used to better fit the roadway floor, increase the support surface, and increase the friction, thereby improving the support stability.

[0035] When the tunnel floor is soft: During the column lowering process, probe 4 will insert into the soft layer of the tunnel floor after contacting it, and the soft bearing plate 2 will contact the soft layer of the tunnel floor. As the column 17 continues to descend, probe 4 and hard bearing rod 3 will gradually compact the soft layer, and the soft bearing plate 2 will move upward under the reaction force. When the soft bearing plate 2 moves to its limit position, probe 4 and hard bearing rod 3 will compact the soft layer. At this time, the hard bearing rod 3 establishes a rigid bearing path for the column 17 on the soft floor of the tunnel, directly reaching the hard base, thus effectively applying the supporting force to the hard base with high bearing capacity. At this time, the hard bearing rod 3 bypasses the low bearing capacity medium and anchors the force to the hard base with high bearing capacity, thereby achieving stable support and fundamentally solving the technical problem of the column 17 easily sinking and becoming unstable on the soft floor.

[0036] During the column lowering process, the system automatically determines whether the tunnel floor is a hard or soft floor based on whether the contraction stroke of probe 4 reaches a fixed stroke threshold S. Then, the mode switching mechanism automatically adapts to the soft contact mode or hard contact mode according to the condition of the tunnel floor.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the mode switching mechanism includes: an upper locking component 6 that locks the vertical movement direction of the rigid pressure rod 3 in the initial state; a driving component 8 that drives the rigid pressure rod 3 to rotate and switches the upper locking component 6 to the unlocked state when the probe 4 retracts to a fixed stroke threshold S before the soft pressure plate 2 moves upward; and a lower locking component 7 that locks the rigid pressure rod 3 in the circumferential direction when the soft pressure plate 2 moves upward before the probe 4 retracts.

[0038] In soft contact mode, the retraction of probe 4 causes the upper locking assembly 6 to unlock the rigid pressure rod 3. As a result, after the soft pressure plate 2 receives a reaction force, it moves upward to a position where it adheres to the bottom of the housing 1, forming a stable whole between the housing 1 and the soft pressure plate 2, thus improving the stability of the base. During this process, the rigid pressure rod 3 is in a free state, and its bottom end remains fitted with the soft pressure plate 2. The rigid pressure rod 3 does not generate significant support force in the vertical direction and does not interfere with the support performance of the soft pressure plate 2. By inserting itself into the soft pressure plate 2, the rigid pressure rod 3 can limit the movement of the soft pressure plate 2 along its surface, improving its stability and mitigating base displacement caused by excessive deformation of the soft pressure plate 2 along its surface, thereby enhancing the base's stability.

[0039] In hard contact mode, when the soft bearing plate 2 is resisted by the soft layer of the tunnel floor, the probe 4 is inserted into the soft layer, so that the upward movement of the soft bearing plate 2 will precede the retraction movement of the probe 4. At this time, the lower locking component 7 locks the hard bearing rod 3 in the circumferential direction, so that when the hard bearing rod 3 compacts the soft layer in the future, the hard bearing rod 3 always remains locked, thereby ensuring that the hard bearing rod 3 has a stable supporting force.

[0040] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the upper locking assembly 6 includes: a first sector-shaped toothed plate 601 fixed to both sides of the top of the rigid bearing rod 3 with a central angle of 90°; a second sector-shaped toothed plate 602 engaging with the outer side of the first sector-shaped toothed plate 601 with a central angle of 90°; the rigid bearing rod 3 rotates 90° to separate the first sector-shaped toothed plate 601 from the second sector-shaped toothed plate 602, and the base is in a soft contact mode.

[0041] The upper locking assembly 6 adopts a minimalist structure, offering advantages such as better adaptability to the complex and harsh environment within tunnels, stable performance, and long service life. The rigid bearing rod 3 can be rotated to unlock or lock the upper locking assembly 6. During this process, switching between the unlocked and locked states of the upper locking assembly 6 does not occupy lateral space, resulting in a smaller lateral dimension for the base. After the upper locking assembly 6 is unlocked, during the upward movement of the rigid bearing rod 3, the first sector toothed plate 601 remains positioned between the two second sector toothed plates 602. At this time, the second sector toothed plates 602, by limiting the movement of the first sector toothed plate 601, provide a more stable guarantee that the rigid bearing rod 3 remains in the unlocked state.

[0042] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the lower locking assembly 7 includes: a locking groove 701 disposed in the middle of the first sector toothed plate 601 and the second sector toothed plate 602; and a locking rod 702 fixed to the soft pressure plate 2 and located directly below the locking groove 701. When the soft pressure plate 2 moves upward before the probe 4 retracts, the locking rod 702 is inserted into the locking groove 701, and the base is in hard contact mode. In the initial state, the locking rod 702 is located below the locking groove 701. At this time, the lower locking assembly 7 is in the unlocked state, and the drive assembly 8 can drive the hard pressure rod 3 to rotate.

[0043] When the tunnel floor is a hard floor:

[0044] 1. During the column lowering process, since the bottom height of probe 4 is less than the lower surface height of rigid bearing rod 3 and soft bearing plate 2, the bottom of probe 4 contacts the rigid base plate first. Before the soft bearing plate 2 moves upward due to the reaction force of the rigid base plate, the retraction stroke of probe 4 reaches the fixed stroke threshold S, so that when the soft bearing plate 2 contacts the rigid base plate, the rigid bearing rod 3 has already completed rotation and the upper locking component 6 is in the unlocked state.

[0045] 2. During the subsequent column lowering process, the soft bearing plate 2 and the hard bearing rod 3 are simultaneously subjected to the reaction force of the hard base plate and move upward synchronously until the soft bearing plate 2 moves up to the state of adhering to the bottom of the shell 1. At this time, since the hard bearing rod 3 is in a free state in the vertical direction, the base mainly relies on the soft bearing plate 2 to provide support force, and the base is in a soft contact mode.

[0046] When the tunnel floor is a soft floor:

[0047] 1. During the column lowering process, the probe 4 will be inserted into the soft layer of the tunnel floor under the elastic force of the sensing spring 5, so that the soft bearing plate 2 will come into contact with the soft layer.

[0048] 2. Because the soft bearing plate 2 has sufficient contact surface with the soft layer, the rate at which the soft bearing plate 2 sinks into the soft layer is much smaller than the rate at which the probe 4 and the rigid bearing rod 3 insert into the soft layer. Therefore, during the subsequent column lowering process, the rigid bearing rod 3 and the probe 4 will displace downward relative to the soft bearing plate 2 and compact the soft layer. During the compaction of the soft layer, the rigid bearing rod 3 can prevent the soft layer from arching by obstructing the surface of the soft layer, thus improving the compaction effect.

[0049] At the same time, the soft pressure plate 2 moves upward relative to the housing 1, causing the locking rod 702 to move upward and insert into the locking groove 701, and the lower locking assembly 7 locks the hard pressure rod 3 in the circumferential direction.

[0050] 3. After the soft pressure plate 2 is attached to the bottom of the housing 1, during the continued lowering of the column, the soft pressure plate 2, housing 1, probe 4, and rigid pressure rod 3 will continue to compact the soft layer. Since the lower locking assembly 7 has already locked the rigid pressure rod 3 circumferentially before the soft layer is compacted, the rigid pressure rod 3 cannot rotate and remains locked after the rigid pressure rod 3 and probe 4 are stably supported on the compacted soft layer or in contact with the hard substrate below the soft layer, thus providing stable support force and the base exhibiting a hard contact mode.

[0051] The lower locking component 7 in this embodiment also adopts a minimalist structure, which has the advantages of better adapting to the complex and harsh environment in the tunnel, stable performance, and long service life. Furthermore, the lower locking component 7 occupies very little space in the lateral direction, further maintaining the advantage of a small overall lateral dimension of the base.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the drive assembly 8 includes: a spiral groove 801 disposed inside the rigid pressure rod 3; a spherical slider 802 that slides with the spiral groove 801 and is fixedly disposed on the surface of the probe 4; when the spherical slider 802 moves from the bottom end to the top end of the spiral groove 801, the rigid pressure rod 3 rotates 90° and causes the upper locking assembly 6 to switch to the unlocked state.

[0053] The drive assembly 8 is located inside the rigid bearing rod 3 and adopts a minimalist structure, which further maintains the advantage of the small overall lateral size of the base. It also has the advantages of better adapting to the complex and harsh environment in the tunnel, stable performance, and long service life.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the mode switching mechanism also includes a state adjustment component 9 that is linked to the soft pressure plate 2; in the soft contact mode, when the soft pressure plate 2 moves up to fit the bottom of the housing 1, the state adjustment component 9 switches the probe 4 to a state that can retract into the hard pressure rod 3.

[0055] The state adjustment component 9 is designed so that the probe 4 can still retract into the rigid pressure rod 3 in hard contact mode, thereby avoiding stress on the probe 4 and protecting the probe 4.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the state adjustment component 9 includes: a square slot 901 disposed at the top of the probe 4; a square-faced insertion rod 902 inserted into the slot 901; the distance between the bottom end of the insertion rod 902 and the inner bottom wall of the slot 901 is adapted to a fixed stroke threshold S; in soft contact mode, the insertion rod 902 is pushed out of the slot 901 when the soft pressure plate 2 moves upward.

[0057] When the tunnel floor is a hard floor, during the process of probe 4 retracting into the hard pressure rod 3, slot 901 moves upward relative to insertion rod 902. At this time, state adjustment component 9 locks probe 4 in the circumferential direction, so that probe 4 can drive hard pressure rod 3 to rotate and unlock probe 4 in the vertical direction.

[0058] When the tunnel floor is a soft floor, the lower locking assembly 7 has already locked the rigid bearing rod 3 in the circumferential direction before the probe 4 retracts, and the soft bearing plate 2 moves upward, causing the insertion rod 902 to be pulled out of the slot 901. Thus, when the probe 4 is subjected to reaction force after the soft layer is compacted or after it passes through the soft layer and contacts the hard base, the probe 4 retracts into the rigid bearing rod 3 through a spiral motion. During this process, the probe 4 retracts, and the rigid bearing rod 3 remains locked in the vertical direction, so that in the hard contact mode, the support force is mainly provided by the rigid bearing rod 3, thus achieving the effect of protecting the probe 4.

[0059] In this embodiment, in the hard contact mode, the soft bearing plate 2 is attached to the bottom of the shell 1 and pressed against the soft layer surface, which has the effect of assisting in compacting the soft layer and further improving the stability of the base.

[0060] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a linkage frame 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the insertion rod 902, and a top rod 11 is fixedly connected to the side of the linkage frame 10, with the top rod 11 contacting the top of the soft pressure plate 2.

[0061] In hard contact mode, when the soft bearing plate 2 moves upward due to the resistance of the soft layer, it will push the push rod 11 upward, the push rod 11 will push the linkage frame 10 upward, and the linkage frame 10 will pull the insertion rod 902 upward, so that the insertion rod 902 will separate from the slot 901.

[0062] In soft contact mode, after probe 4 retracts into rigid pressure bar 3, during the upward movement of rigid pressure bar 3 and soft pressure plate 2, top rod 11, linkage frame 10, insertion rod 902 and slot 901 will move upward synchronously with rigid pressure bar 3 and soft pressure plate 2, and state adjustment component 9 will remain in the state of locking probe 4 in the circumferential direction.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the housing 1 includes: a tube body 101 sleeved on the top end of the rigid pressure-bearing rod 3, a circular seat plate 102 fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the tube body 101, and an annular plate 103 fixedly disposed on the top end of the tube body 101; the tube body 101 is sleeved on the top end of the rigid pressure-bearing rod 3, the upper locking assembly 6 is located inside the tube body 101, and the rigid pressure-bearing rod 3 is sleeved on the outside of the circular seat plate 102.

[0064] In a relatively specific embodiment, the linkage frame 10 is located above the annular plate 103, and the top end of the top rod 11 passes through the annular plate 103. The second sector-shaped toothed plate 602 is fixedly disposed on both sides of the inner wall of the tube body 101. The inner diameter of the second sector-shaped toothed plate 602 is adapted to the outer diameter of the rigid pressure-bearing rod 3. When the rigid pressure-bearing rod 3 moves vertically, the second sector-shaped toothed plate 602 has a lateral limiting effect on the rigid pressure-bearing rod 3.

[0065] After the above settings are made, both the locking lever 702 and the locking groove 701 are located within the tube body 101. At this time, the base provides a closed space for the sensing spring 5 and the mode switching mechanism, which can avoid interference from coal slag, thus giving the base the advantage of being adaptable to complex and harsh environments in tunnels.

[0066] The sensing spring 5 is disposed inside the tube body 101. Specifically, the top end of the sensing spring 5 is connected to the tube body 101, a pad 18 is rotatably mounted on the probe 4, and the bottom end of the sensing spring 5 is connected to the pad 18.

[0067] like Figure 3As shown, the soft pressure plate 2 includes: a rigid frame plate 201 slidably sleeved on the outside of the housing 1 and a soft contact plate 202 fixedly installed on the bottom of the rigid frame plate 201; a central spring 12 is provided between the rigid frame plate 201 and the housing 1. The rigid frame plate 201 ensures a stable sliding sleeve relationship between the soft pressure plate 2 and the housing 1. The soft contact plate 202 can be made of high-strength wear-resistant rubber sheet and fixed to the rigid frame plate 201 by riveting. The central spring 12 provides a downward elastic force to the soft pressure plate 2.

[0068] In a relatively specific embodiment, the rigid bearing rod 3 is cylindrical, and a circular groove is provided at the top of the rigid bearing rod 3. The rigid bearing rod 3 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the circular seat plate 102, and the top rod 11 is supported by the top of the rigid bearing rod 3.

[0069] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the hydraulic support base of this embodiment 2 further includes: a central ball joint 13 disposed at the top center of the housing 1 and used to connect the bottom end of the column 17; a plurality of leveling cylinders 14 arranged in a circular array around the central ball joint 13; and lateral ball joints 15 connecting the upper and lower ends of the leveling cylinders 14 to the side of the movable end of the column 17 and the top surface of the housing 1, respectively. During the column lowering process, the cooperation of the central ball joint 13 and the lateral ball joints 15 allows the base to rotate relative to the column 17 to better adapt to the slope of the tunnel floor, reduce the oblique separation of the column 17, and make the column 17 more stably maintain a vertical state. After the column lowering is completed, the leveling cylinders 14 lock the column 17 and the base, thereby improving the support performance of the column 17.

[0070] The lateral ball joint 15 located at the top of the leveling cylinder 14 is mounted on the mounting plate 16, which is mounted on the movable end of the column 17. The lateral ball joint 15 located at the bottom of the leveling cylinder 14 is mounted on the annular plate 103. The inner ring of the annular plate 103 forms the swing space of the central ball joint 13.

[0071] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydraulic support base, characterized in that, include: Housing (1); a soft pressure plate (2) and a hard pressure rod (3) vertically movable at the bottom of the housing (1); a probe (4) vertically telescopically disposed within the hard pressure rod (3); a sensing spring (5) disposed within the housing (1) and linked to the probe (4), the sensing spring (5) providing a downward elastic force to the probe (4); a fixed stroke threshold S preset on the retraction path of the probe (4); a mode switching mechanism disposed within the housing (1); when the retraction stroke of the probe (4) reaches the fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism locks the base to a soft contact mode where the soft pressure plate (2) supports the hard floor of the tunnel; when the retraction stroke of the probe (4) does not reach the fixed stroke threshold S, the mode switching mechanism switches the base to a hard contact mode where the hard pressure rod (3) inserts into and compacts the soft layer of the tunnel floor and supports it on a hard base. The upper locking assembly (6) locks the vertical movement direction of the rigid pressure rod (3) in the initial state; the driving assembly (8) drives the rigid pressure rod (3) to rotate and switches the upper locking assembly (6) to the unlocked state when the probe (4) retracts to a fixed stroke threshold S before the soft pressure plate (2) moves upward; and the lower locking assembly (7) locks the rigid pressure rod (3) in the circumferential direction when the soft pressure plate (2) moves upward before the probe (4) retracts. The upper locking assembly (6) includes: a first sector toothed plate (601) fixed on both sides of the top end of the rigid bearing rod (3) with a central angle of 90°; and a second sector toothed plate (602) that engages with the outer side of the first sector toothed plate (601) with a central angle of 90°; the rigid bearing rod (3) is rotated by 90° to separate the first sector toothed plate (601) from the second sector toothed plate (602), and the base is in a soft contact mode; The lower locking assembly (7) includes: a locking groove (701) disposed in the middle of the first sector toothed plate (601) and the second sector toothed plate (602); a locking rod (702) fixed to the soft pressure plate (2) and located directly below the locking groove (701); when the soft pressure plate (2) moves upward before the probe (4) retracts, the locking rod (702) is inserted into the locking groove (701), and the base is in hard contact mode.

2. A hydraulic support base according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (8) includes: a spiral groove (801) disposed inside the rigid bearing rod (3); a spherical slider (802) that slides with the spiral groove (801) and is fixedly disposed on the surface of the probe (4); when the spherical slider (802) moves from the bottom end to the top end of the spiral groove (801), the rigid bearing rod (3) rotates 90° and causes the upper locking assembly (6) to switch to the unlocked state.

3. A hydraulic support base according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mode switching mechanism further includes a state adjustment component (9) linked to the soft pressure plate (2); in the soft contact mode, when the soft pressure plate (2) moves up to fit the bottom of the housing (1), the state adjustment component (9) switches the probe (4) to a state that can retract into the hard pressure rod (3).

4. A hydraulic support base according to claim 3, characterized in that, The state adjustment component (9) includes: a square slot (901) disposed at the top of the probe (4); a square-faced insertion rod (902) inserted into the slot (901); the distance between the bottom end of the insertion rod (902) and the inner bottom wall of the slot (901) is adapted to a fixed stroke threshold S; in soft contact mode, the insertion rod (902) is pushed out of the slot (901) when the soft pressure plate (2) moves upward.

5. A hydraulic support base according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top end of the insertion rod (902) is fixedly connected to a linkage frame (10), and the side of the linkage frame (10) is fixedly connected to a top rod (11), and the top rod (11) contacts the top end of the soft pressure plate (2).

6. A hydraulic support base according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes: a tube part (101) sleeved on the top end of the rigid pressure rod (3), a circular seat plate (102) fixedly disposed on the bottom end of the tube part (101), and an annular plate (103) fixedly disposed on the top end of the tube part (101); the tube part (101) is sleeved on the top end of the rigid pressure rod (3), the upper locking assembly (6) is located inside the tube part (101), and the rigid pressure rod (3) is sleeved on the outside of the circular seat plate (102).

7. A hydraulic support base according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soft pressure plate (2) includes: a rigid frame plate (201) that is slidably sleeved on the outside of the shell (1) and a soft contact plate (202) that is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rigid frame plate (201); a central spring (12) is provided between the rigid frame plate (201) and the shell (1).

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