Microtopography transformation device and transformation method for mine restoration

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a micro-terrain reconstruction device and method for mine remediation, and the device comprises a hollow soil storage box which is internally divided into a top soil storage cavity and a bottom driving cavity through a horizontal partition plate; the hollow groove coulter is coaxially and fixedly connected to the bottom of the hollow soil storage box, a variable-pitch spiral blade of the hollow groove coulter is composed of an upper small-pitch blade and a lower large-pitch blade which are the same in rotation direction, and the hollow groove coulter is used for vertical spinning to form a water retention groove which is loose on the upper portion and dense on the lower portion. The resource consumption in the mine ecological restoration process is remarkably reduced, the use amount of foreign soil and the irrigation requirement are greatly reduced, meanwhile, the construction energy consumption is greatly reduced, the problems that in mine restoration in the northwest region, soil sources are deficient, and the transportation cost is high are effectively solved, and mine ecological restoration under the resource limited condition is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a micro-terrain reconstruction device and method for mine restoration. BACKGROUND

[0002] The core goal of ecological restoration of mine damaged areas is to reconstruct soil structure, restore vegetation cover and improve ecological system stability. Traditional restoration techniques generally use the full coverage mode, that is, a large amount of guest soil is covered to form a continuous planting substrate, which provides the necessary nutrients and water conditions for vegetation growth. This method can effectively rebuild ecological functions in areas with sufficient soil resources and flat terrain, but its resource consumption characteristics are in sharp conflict with the needs of mine restoration in the northwest region. There are a large number of abandoned mines left over from history in the northwest region, and long-term mining activities have led to the development of continuous collapse areas in mined-out areas, with serious degradation of surface vegetation and widespread distribution of gravel matrix, and the soil water holding capacity is extremely low. If the traditional full coverage guest soil mode is continued, three major practical difficulties need to be overcome: first, the guest soil resources are scarce and the transportation cost is high. Most of the mines in the northwest region are located in remote areas, and the acquisition of soil resources is limited, and the long-distance transportation cost accounts for more than 30% of the total cost of restoration; second, the hydrological characteristics of the barren soil matrix restrict it. The permeability coefficient of the gravel layer is as high as 5-10 cm / h, and the rainfall or irrigation water quickly infiltrates to the deep layer, making it difficult to maintain the humidity required by the root zone of the vegetation; third, the physical barrier of the dense gravel layer to root expansion. There is a clear interface between the loose guest soil layer formed by traditional soil covering and the underlying gravel matrix, and the roots are difficult to penetrate the gravel layer to expand to the deep layer, resulting in weak drought resistance of vegetation.

[0003] The current mine restoration is faced with double contradictions: the urgency of ecological barrier construction and the conflict of traditional mode with high resource consumption (soil, water, energy). Especially in steep slope areas, mechanical soil covering construction needs to overcome the problem of energy consumption surge caused by terrain height difference. The construction energy consumption of traditional tracked machinery exceeds the carrying limit of existing equipment when the slope is more than 25°, and secondary water and soil loss is easily caused during operation. There is a lack of equipment support in the existing technical system that can simultaneously achieve water saving, soil saving and energy saving, which seriously restricts the progress of the northern sand prevention belt project. The specific performance is as follows: first, the supply of soil resources is insufficient. Traditional restoration requires a soil covering thickness of 30-50 cm, and the consumption of guest soil per hectare exceeds 200 m³, while the reserves of high-quality surface soil in the northwest region are limited; second, the utilization efficiency of water resources is low. The traditional irrigation in the gravel matrix area requires 2-3 times the amount of water required in the plain area, and the water use efficiency is less than 40%; third, the construction energy consumption is high. Full soil covering operation needs to be equipped with high-power engineering machinery, and the comprehensive energy consumption cost exceeds the economic bearing range of ecological restoration projects. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an ecological restoration technology system that can adapt to complex mine environment and reduce resource dependence to solve the multiple constraints of the existing mode in terms of soil supply, water resource allocation and construction economy, and provide a sustainable solution for mine ecological restoration in the arid and semiarid regions of the north. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a micro-terrain reconstruction device and method for mine restoration to solve the problems presented in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a micro-terrain reconstruction device for mine restoration, comprising:

[0006] The hollow soil storage tank is internally divided into a top soil storage cavity and a bottom driving cavity by a horizontal partition plate.

[0007] The hollow groove plow is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the hollow soil storage tank, and the variable-pitch helical blade is composed of an upper small-pitch blade and a lower large-pitch blade with the same rotation direction, for vertically spinning to form a water-retaining groove with loose upper part and dense lower part.

[0008] The embedded spiral soil delivery assembly is coaxially nested in the hollow area inside the variable-pitch helical blade, and the top large-pitch soil inlet end of the variable-pitch spiral soil delivery device extends to the soil storage cavity, and the bottom small-pitch soil outlet end is embedded in the lower end surface of the variable-pitch helical blade, for pressurizing and injecting the guest soil into the groove bottom.

[0009] The rake-type rotary soil stirring assembly is sleeved outside the hollow groove plow, and the radial stirring tooth group is used to forcibly mix the guest soil and the original soil after the groove is formed.

[0010] The driving assembly is arranged in the driving cavity and synchronously drives the variable-pitch helical blade and the rake-type rotary soil stirring assembly to rotate in the same direction, to realize point-like intervention reconstruction for continuous groove forming, soil covering, and soil mixing.

[0011] According to the above technical solutions, the embedded spiral soil delivery assembly comprises:

[0012] The variable-pitch spiral soil delivery device has a top large-pitch soil inlet end extending to the soil storage cavity and a bottom small-pitch soil outlet end embedded in the lower end surface of the variable-pitch helical blade.

[0013] The central control shaft coaxially penetrates the hollow area of the variable-pitch helical blade, with the upper end connected to the servo motor and the lower end fixed to the variable-pitch spiral soil delivery device.

[0014] According to the above technical solutions, the rake-type rotary soil stirring assembly comprises:

[0015] The mounting ring is coaxially fixed to the output end of the driving assembly.

[0016] The stirring tooth group is radially distributed along the mounting ring, and the length of the stirring tooth is less than the depth of the groove formed by the variable-pitch helical blade.

[0017] According to the above technical solutions, the driving assembly comprises:

[0018] The transmission gear is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the variable pitch helical blade;

[0019] A drive motor is connected to a drive gear at its output end, and the drive gear meshes with a transmission gear.

[0020] The mounting ring is fixedly sleeved to the outside of the transmission gear by bolts.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, the pitch of the top inlet end of the variable pitch auger is greater than the pitch of the bottom outlet end, and the outlet end is 10-15mm away from the lower end face of the variable pitch auger.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, the thickness of the upper small-pitch blade is less than the thickness of the lower large-pitch blade, and the two are integrally formed.

[0023] A micro-topography modification method for mine restoration includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Selecting the work mode

[0025] For small-scale, sporadic repairs, single-point independent operations should be carried out.

[0026] For large-area continuous repairs, multiple devices are connected in series, and the spacing between adjacent devices is dynamically adjusted to ensure that there is no interference in the rotation range of the rake-type rotary soil mixing component.

[0027] Step 2: Location and Slotting

[0028] The mobile device is moved to the target location, and the drive assembly is activated to drive the variable pitch spiral blades to vertically spin and form a water-retaining groove that is loose at the top and dense at the bottom.

[0029] After the trenching is completed, the entire device is moved upwards, and the original soil is oriented and moved out by the rotation of the large-pitch blades b at the bottom, and piled between adjacent groove points in the series direction;

[0030] Step 3: Backfilling

[0031] Move the device directly above the same groove, activate the embedded spiral soil conveying component, and inject the topsoil into the bottom of the groove through the variable pitch spiral soil conveyor, so that the soil covering height exceeds the original ground level, forming a trench-ridge water storage structure.

[0032] Step 4: Phased Concrete Mixing Control

[0033] If it is the first point: turn off the rake-type rotary soil mixing component, and retain the furrow structure for water storage;

[0034] If it is a secondary location: Activate the soil mixing component, and its radial mixing teeth will forcibly mix the original soil temporarily stored between adjacent locations with the topsoil of the current location to form a root transition zone;

[0035] Step 5: Planting and Expanding Vegetation

[0036] Repeat steps 2-4, and connect the multiple point sites into a network when working in series to build an ecological restoration network;

[0037] Plant target vegetation in the reformed area, and regularly record indicators such as plant growth, ecological function, soil improvement evidence chain and disaster resistance performance.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present application are:

[0039] (1) The device replaces the traditional full-covering mode with point intervention, significantly reduces resource consumption in the process of mine ecological restoration, greatly reduces the amount of guest soil and irrigation demand, and greatly reduces construction energy consumption, effectively solving the problems of lack of soil resources and high transportation cost in mine restoration in the northwest region, and helping to carry out mine ecological restoration under resource constraints.

[0040] (2) The device adopts a spiral groove plow with a differentiated blade design, which realizes a soil structure with sparse upper part and dense lower part, and the dense pot wall structure effectively blocks the rapid penetration of water to the deep gravel layer, prolongs the water supply cycle of the root system, and significantly improves the survival rate of vegetation, providing reliable water guarantee for vegetation restoration in the barren soil substrate area of the mine.

[0041] (3) The device innovatively constructs a furrow ridge tillage water regulation system, which forms a soil buffer zone structure by mixing guest soil and original soil, collects rainfall and snowfall in the low-lying area on both sides, and the capillary action between soil substrates continuously delivers water stored in the trench to the root zone of the ridge body. Water can be transported directionally only relying on the liquid-solid interfacial tension of soil pores, forming a progressive supply to the vegetation roots, effectively alleviating the harm of seasonal drought to the growth and development of mine vegetation.

[0042] (4) The mixed transition zone formed by the rake-type rotary soil stirring device fuses the guest soil and the original barren soil in proportion, so that the soil structure porosity and organic matter content of the transition zone are between those of pure guest soil and original barren soil, significantly improving the water storage capacity, reducing the rapid leakage of water to the deep gravel layer, and providing a low-resistance channel for the later horizontal expansion of new root systems to the surrounding area of the trench, effectively promoting the natural expansion and stable growth of vegetation.

[0043] (5) The device realizes three-step continuous operation of "trenching, covering and mixing", without additional equipment and manual intervention, and has good vertical spinning trenching and mechanical mixing soil effect, high operation efficiency, and is especially suitable for application in areas such as steep slope areas where traditional mechanical soil covering construction energy consumption is excessive. It effectively solves the contradiction between the urgency of ecological barrier construction and high resource consumption in mine restoration, and promotes the innovation and development of mine ecological restoration technology.

[0044] (6) This device adopts a modular design, including a detachable bolted connection structure and a quick-replaceable single-point operation unit, which enables the device to adapt to complex mining environments such as flat land, steep slopes, and high gravel. In addition to the motor, the entire structure is mechanical with no electronic components, making it highly resistant to harsh environments, easy to operate, and low in maintenance costs. It is an economical, practical, and widely applicable micro-terrain modification device for mine restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the AA direction;

[0050] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the BB direction;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a partial front view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a partial right-view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0053] In the diagram: 1-Hollow soil storage box, 101-Horizontal partition plate, 102-Top soil storage cavity, 103-Bottom drive cavity, 104-Soil inlet, 2-Hollow grooved plow blade, 201-Variable pitch spiral blade, 201a-Upper small pitch blade, 201b-Lower large pitch blade, 3-Drive assembly, 301-Transmission gear, 302-Drive motor, 303-Drive gear, 4-Embedded spiral soil conveying assembly, 401-Servo motor, 402-Central control spindle, 403-Variable pitch spiral soil conveyor, 5-Rake-type rotary soil mixing assembly, 501-Mounting ring frame, 502-Radial stirring tooth assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0054] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0055] Please refer to Figures 1-7 The present application provides a technical solution: a micro-terrain reconstruction device for mine restoration, comprising:

[0056] The hollow soil storage box 1 is internally divided into a top soil storage cavity 102 and a bottom driving cavity 103 by a horizontal partition plate 101;

[0057] The hollow groove plow 2 is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the hollow soil storage box 1, and the variable-pitch helical blade 201 is composed of an upper small-pitch blade 201a and a lower large-pitch blade 201b with the same rotation direction, which is used to form a water-retaining groove with loose upper part and dense lower part by vertical spinning;

[0058] The embedded spiral soil delivery assembly 4 is coaxially nested in the internal hollow area of the variable-pitch helical blade 201, and the top large-pitch soil inlet end of the variable-pitch spiral soil delivery device 403 extends to the soil storage cavity 102, and the bottom small-pitch soil outlet end is embedded in the lower end surface of the variable-pitch helical blade 201, which is used to inject the pressurized guest soil into the bottom of the groove;

[0059] The rake-type rotary soil stirring assembly 5 is sleeved outside the hollow groove plow 2, and the radial stirring tooth group 502 is used to forcibly mix the guest soil with the original soil after the groove is formed;

[0060] The driving assembly 3 is arranged in the driving cavity 103 and synchronously drives the variable-pitch helical blade 201 and the rake-type rotary soil stirring assembly 5 to rotate in the same direction, so as to realize the point-like intervention reconstruction of continuous operations such as grooving, soil covering and soil mixing;

[0061] Specifically, the embedded spiral soil delivery assembly 4 comprises:

[0062] The variable-pitch spiral soil delivery device 403 extends to the soil storage cavity 102 at the top large-pitch soil inlet end, and is embedded in the lower end surface of the variable-pitch helical blade 201 at the bottom small-pitch soil outlet end;

[0063] The central control shaft 402 coaxially penetrates the hollow area of the variable-pitch helical blade 201, and the upper end is connected to the servo motor 401, and the lower end is fixed to the variable-pitch spiral soil delivery device 403;

[0064] Specifically, the rake-type rotary soil stirring assembly 5 comprises:

[0065] The mounting ring 501 is coaxially fixed to the output end of the driving assembly 3;

[0066] The stirring tooth group 502 is radially distributed along the circumference of the mounting ring frame 501, and the length of the stirring tooth is less than the depth of the groove formed by the variable-pitch helical blade 201;

[0067] Specifically, the driving assembly 3 comprises:

[0068] The transmission gear 301 is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the variable-pitch helical blade 201;

[0069] The driving motor 302 is connected to the driving gear 303 at the output end, and the driving gear is engaged with the transmission gear;

[0070] The mounting ring frame 501 is fixed to the outside of the transmission gear 301 by bolts;

[0071] Specifically, the pitch of the top soil inlet end of the variable-pitch helical earth mover 403 is greater than the pitch of the bottom soil outlet end, and the outlet end is 10-50mm away from the lower end surface of the variable-pitch helical earth mover 403;

[0072] Specifically, the thickness of the upper small-pitch blade 201a is less than the thickness of the lower large-pitch blade 201b, and the two are integrally formed;

[0073] A micro-terrain reconstruction method for mine repair, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Select the operation mode

[0075] If it is small-scale sporadic repair, single-point independent operation is adopted;

[0076] If it is large-area continuous repair, multi-device tandem operation is adopted, and the distance between adjacent devices is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the rotation range of the rake-type rotating soil stirring assembly 5 is not interfered;

[0077] Step 2: Point positioning and slotting

[0078] Device descending rotation:

[0079] Drive the variable-pitch helical blade 201 to vertically rotate and cut into the ground surface, and adopt differential blade design for gravel layer:

[0080] Upper small-pitch thin blade 201a (pitch 50-80mm, thickness 8-12mm): loose surface soil forms a breathable structure, facilitating the root penetration of vegetation;

[0081] Lower large-pitch thick blade 201b (pitch 120-150mm, thickness 15-20mm): extruding deep gravel forms a dense bottom (density ≥1.8g / cm³) to block water infiltration;

[0082] Two sections of the blade have the same rotation direction and smooth transition. The cut and stripped native gravel soil is transported upward by the spiral blade and is thrown to the adjacent point site for temporary storage.

[0083] Groove forming control:

[0084] Accurate control of slotting depth (300-500mm) to form a smooth wall and dense bottom of the groove, which is similar to a flowerpot and physically separates the surrounding poor matrix;

[0085] After slotting, the lifting device, the blade rotates forward at low speed to clean the slag, ensuring the integrity of the groove structure;

[0086] Step 3: covering operation

[0087] Variable pitch pressure injection:

[0088] Start the variable pitch spiral soil loosener 403:

[0089] Large pitch (80-100mm) at the soil inlet end: smoothly inhale loose guest soil in the soil storage cavity 102 to prevent blockage;

[0090] Small pitch (30-50mm) at the soil outlet end: compress the guest soil to form a high-pressure flow state and inject it into the groove bottom at high speed;

[0091] The covering height exceeds the original ground by 50-100mm, forming a "small mountain" ridge and furrow structure;

[0092] Step 4: mixed soil control in stages

[0093] Forced mixing transition zone:

[0094] Start the rake-type rotating soil stirring assembly 5 at the secondary point site, and the radial curved hook claws 502 rotate at a high speed of 150-200rpm;

[0095] The depth of the claw cutting is ≤100mm, which cuts the original poor soil stored beside the groove and forcibly mixes it with the surface guest soil;

[0096] Transition zone structure optimization:

[0097] Form a uniformly mixed soil buffer zone (the best ratio of guest soil to original soil is 1:2);

[0098] The porosity of the transition zone is increased by 40%, and the organic matter content is increased by ≥15%, which has the functions of water retention and root expansion channel;

[0099] Step 5: vegetation planting and expansion

[0100] Repeat steps 2-4 to connect multiple point sites in series to form a network and build an ecological restoration network;

[0101] Plant target vegetation in the reformed area, and regularly record indicators such as plant growth, ecological function, soil improvement evidence chain, and disaster resistance performance.

[0102] Working principle: The device realizes the ecological restoration goal of "point intervention, precise reconstruction, water and soil saving, root protection and activation" through the coordinated operation of four core modules: hollow soil storage structure, variable pitch plow slotting, embedded pressurization and soil covering, and rake-type soil mixing operation. Its working principle can be summarized as follows:

[0103] I. Vertical spinning slotting: build "loose upper and dense lower" water conservation grooves

[0104] After positioning the device, the driving assembly 3 synchronously drives the hollow groove plow 2 to vertically spin into the stratum. The plow adopts an integrally formed variable pitch spiral blade 201, and the differential design of the small pitch thin blade 201a at the upper part and the large pitch thick blade 201b at the lower part controls the soil structure through mechanical properties, and finally forms "loose upper and dense lower" water conservation grooves.

[0105] 1. Ecological function analysis of "loose upper and dense lower" structure

[0106] Upper loose structure (small pitch thin blade 201a):

[0107] The small pitch thin blade has small cutting resistance, and only causes slight disturbance to the surface soil during spinning, forming a loose soil layer with a porosity of 45%-50%. This structure significantly improves soil permeability, providing a low-resistance environment for seed germination and young root growth in the early stage of vegetation, and accelerates rainwater infiltration through the pore network, reducing surface runoff loss.

[0108] Lower dense structure (large pitch thick blade 201b):

[0109] The large pitch thick blade compresses the deep gravel matrix to a dense state with a porosity of less than 30% through high shear force and extrusion force, forming an impermeable layer similar to the bottom of a "flowerpot". This structure significantly reduces the permeation rate of water to the deep gravel layer (permeability coefficient can be reduced from 5-10 cm / h to less than 0.5 cm / h) through physical barriers, prolonging the residence time of water in the root zone, and increasing the soil moisture content in the groove by 20%-30% compared to the surrounding area.

[0110] 2. Hydrological regulation mechanism of water conservation grooves

[0111] The "loose upper and dense lower" structure builds a vertical water gradient regulation system:

[0112] Water storage layer function: The dense lower structure forms a closed water storage cavity, which can intercept rainfall or irrigation water and delay infiltration, allowing water in the groove to continuously migrate to the loose upper layer through capillary action, maintaining a long-term wet state in the root zone.

[0113] Drought-resistant buffer function: In the dry season, loose upper soil releases water through the pore network, while the dense lower layer stores the remaining water, forming a dynamic balance of water supply mechanism, effectively relieving the seasonal drought stress on vegetation growth.

[0114] 3、Comparison with traditional mulching mode

[0115] Traditional full mulching needs to rely on 30-50cm thick guest soil layer to form continuous planting substrate, but gravel matrix area causes water to be difficult to retain due to too fast penetration, while the "upper loose lower dense" groove realizes local micro-domain reconstruction:

[0116] Water-saving effect: water use efficiency per unit area is increased by 40%-50%, irrigation water demand is reduced by more than 50%;

[0117] Soil-saving effect: no need for large-area coverage of guest soil, single hectare guest soil consumption can be reduced by 60%-70%;

[0118] Ecological adaptability: the dense lower layer structure can directly use the original gravel matrix, avoiding the root penetration barrier caused by the difference between guest soil and original soil in traditional mulching mode.

[0119] 4、Directional utilization of original soil

[0120] After the groove is completed, the device is lifted as a whole, and the large-pitch thick-blade rotation directionally discharges the original poor soil and temporarily stores it between adjacent points. This process realizes:

[0121] Redistribution of soil resources: Concentrate high-permeability gravel matrix in the area between points to provide raw soil materials for the subsequent rake-type soil mixing assembly 5;

[0122] Construction continuity guarantee: By precisely controlling the amount of soil discharged, a transition zone is formed between adjacent grooves to avoid mechanical operation interference caused by soil accumulation, improving the efficiency of serial operation.

[0123] II、Embedded pressurized mulching: Precise injection of guest soil to form a ridge and furrow water storage structure

[0124] After the device is reset above the same groove, the embedded spiral soil feeding assembly 4 is started, and the variable-pitch spiral soil feeder 403 is used to realize the step-by-step compression and high-pressure injection of guest soil. This assembly is composed of a large-pitch soil inlet end and a small-pitch soil outlet end, which uses the principle of decreasing pitch to gradually apply pressure to the soil, and finally forms a high-pressure concentrated jet at the soil outlet end (10-50mm from the bottom of the plow blade). Improved guest soil is precisely injected into the bottom of the groove, and the mulching process continues until the guest soil surface is slightly higher than the original ground, forming a "ridge high and furrow low" ridge and furrow water storage structure. This design has the following key advantages in mine restoration:

[0125] 1. The mechanical advantages of pressurized soil covering: improving soil density and root adaptability

[0126] Step-by-step compression mechanism:

[0127] The inlet end of the variable-pitch screw soil conveyor 403 is designed with a large pitch to facilitate rapid intake of the guest soil in the soil storage cavity 102. As the soil descends along the central control shaft 402, the pitch gradually decreases, and the shear force and extrusion force on the soil gradually increase. Finally, a local high pressure of 1.5-2.0 MPa is formed at the outlet end, which increases the density of the guest soil to 1.3-1.5 g / cm³. Compared to traditional free-fall soil covering (density usually less than 1.1 g / cm³), pressurized soil covering significantly improves the contact tightness between soil particles, reduces the disordered distribution of pore channels, and prevents rapid water leakage.

[0128] Precise positioning injection:

[0129] The high-pressure injection at the outlet end can deliver the improved guest soil directly to the top of the dense layer above the groove bottom, ensuring that the guest soil is tightly combined with the upper loose soil layer of the "upper loose and lower dense" structure, providing uniform substrate conditions for the subsequent mixing operation of the rake-type soil stirring assembly 5.

[0130] 2. Hydrological regulation function of the ditch and ridge water storage structure

[0131] The ditch and ridge water storage structure achieves efficient interception and directional supply of water through the synergistic effect of topographic elevation and capillary action:

[0132] Rainwater / snowmelt collection: The "ridge high and ditch low" microtopography allows rainfall or snowmelt to preferentially flow into the ditch area. The dense layer at the bottom of the ditch (permeability coefficient ≤0.5 cm / h) can effectively intercept water, forming a local water reservoir.

[0133] Capillary action water supply: The accumulated water migrates to the root zone of the ridge body through capillary action, forming a progressive water supply mechanism. The soil moisture content in the ridge area is 15%-25% higher than in the surrounding area, and the water supply period is extended to 2-3 times that of traditional soil covering mode, significantly alleviating water stress on vegetation during drought periods.

[0134] 3. Comparative advantages over traditional soil covering mode

[0135] Traditional full-area soil covering requires a 30-50 cm thick guest soil layer to build a continuous planting base, but the gravel matrix area has difficulty retaining water due to excessive permeability. The ditch and ridge water storage structure achieves this through local micro-domain modification:

[0136] Water-saving effect: Irrigation water consumption per unit area is reduced by more than 50%, and frequent water replenishment is not required.

[0137] Soil-saving effect: The amount of guest soil is reduced by 60-70%. Only the improved soil needs to be accurately filled in the groove bottom, avoiding the waste of resources caused by large-area covering.

[0138] Ecological adaptability: The dense layer at the bottom of the groove directly uses the original gravel matrix, avoiding the root penetration barrier caused by the interface difference between the guest soil and the original soil in the traditional soil covering mode.

[0139] 4. Synergistic support for subsequent mixing process

[0140] The ridge surface of the furrow-ridge structure is 5-10 cm higher than the original ground, providing a spatial reference for the mixing operation of the rake-type soil stirring assembly 5:

[0141] Mixing uniformity:

[0142] The stirring tooth set 502 can accurately cut into the junction of the ridge surface and the groove, forcibly mixing the original poor soil temporarily stored between the points with the guest soil on the ridge surface, forming a gradient transition zone with porosity and organic matter content between pure guest soil and original soil, significantly improving the soil water-holding capacity (water-holding capacity increased by 20-30%).

[0143] Root expansion channel:

[0144] The low-resistance characteristics (shear strength reduced to 5-8 kPa) of the mixing zone provide a physical channel for the late lateral expansion of new root systems to the surrounding area of the groove, promoting the natural expansion and stable growth of vegetation.

[0145] 5. Engineering economy and sustainability

[0146] Construction efficiency:

[0147] The embedded spiral soil conveying assembly 4 is coaxially linked with the groove plow 2, allowing continuous trenching and soil covering operations without additional equipment, reducing the construction time of a single point to 1 / 3 of the traditional mode.

[0148] Long-term benefits:

[0149] The capillary water supply function of the furrow-ridge structure can maintain long-term moisture in the vegetation root zone, reducing the frequency of artificial irrigation and reducing the cost of later maintenance.

[0150] In summary, the embedded pressurized soil covering technology forms a synergistic effect in water saving, soil saving, and root promotion through high-pressure accurate injection and furrow-ridge micro-topography construction, providing a solution for gravel matrix area mine restoration that combines ecological function and economic feasibility.

[0151] Three, phased gradient soil mixing: Constructing a root expansion transition zone to improve survival rate

[0152] In the process of mine restoration, the staged gradient soil mixing technology constructs a root expansion transition zone with functional stratification characteristics through differential operation strategies (the first point position retains the ridge and furrow structure, and the subsequent point position forcibly mixes the original soil and the guest soil). It significantly improves the survival rate of vegetation and long-term stability. Its core advantages are reflected in the following aspects:

[0153] 1. Strategy design of closing the first point position raking type soil stirring assembly 5

[0154] The first point position closes the raking type rotating soil stirring assembly 5, retaining the complete ridge and furrow structure (ridge high and furrow low). Its core goal is to reserve space and resources for the construction of the mixed transition zone of the subsequent point position:

[0155] Resource reservation: Concentrate the original poor soil in the adjacent point positions. These soils serve as raw materials for subsequent mixing operations, avoiding additional energy consumption for excavation or transportation.

[0156] Space reservation: The un-mixed furrows provide a physical boundary for the mixed zone of the subsequent point position, ensuring that the mixed soil is confined to the target area and avoiding direct contact with the first point position guest soil layer, reducing water loss paths.

[0157] 2. Furrow water storage function of the mixed zone of the subsequent point position

[0158] After the raking type soil stirring assembly 5 is started at the subsequent point position, a continuous furrow network is formed between the mixed zone and the first point position furrow. Its design advantages are reflected in:

[0159] Furrow water storage capacity:

[0160] The bottom of the furrow between the mixed zones is composed of dense gravel matrix (permeability coefficient ≤0.5 cm / h), which can intercept rainfall or irrigation water to form a micro water storage pool. The water storage capacity of a single furrow can reach 15-20 mm per rainfall, which is more than 30% higher than that of isolated furrows.

[0161] The loose structure (porosity ≥45%) at the top of the furrow continuously supplies water to the root zone of the ridge body through capillary action, extending the water retention time to 2-3 times that of the traditional soil cover mode.

[0162] Dynamic water regulation:

[0163] The furrow network realizes gravity-assisted drainage through topographic elevation, guiding excess water to downstream furrows during heavy rainfall, avoiding root hypoxia caused by local water accumulation.

[0164] During the dry period, the water stored in the furrow is transported to the mixed zone through capillary action, maintaining the minimum water content of the vegetation root zone at ≥15%.

[0165] 3. Synergistic ecological effect of the mixed zone and the furrow

[0166] The combination of the mixed zone and the trench forms a "water-soil-root" synergistic system:

[0167] Root system expansion channel:

[0168] The low shear strength (8-12 kPa) of the mixed zone provides a physical channel for root lateral expansion, while the trench continuously supplies water to the mixed zone through capillary action, forming a "water guiding-root response" virtuous cycle.

[0169] When the distance between adjacent mixed zones is ≤1.5m, the newly formed root system can connect within 1-2 growing seasons, forming a "root bridging" effect, which increases the vegetation expansion speed by 3-5 times compared to isolated point sites.

[0170] Drought resistance improvement:

[0171] The trench network forms a regional water transport system through capillary action, which can migrate deep water (0.5-1.0m) to the surface during drought periods, maintaining the long-term moisture of the vegetation root zone.

[0172] The gradient pore structure (35%-45%) and water holding capacity (20%-30% higher than the original soil) of the mixed zone further enhance the drought resistance and resilience.

[0173] 4. Construction logic of ecological restoration network

[0174] When multiple point sites are connected in series, the mixed zone and the trench jointly construct a continuous ecological restoration network:

[0175] Networked water management:

[0176] The trench network forms a "active water transport-passive water storage" dual mode through topographic elevation and capillary action, ensuring the dynamic balance of water in different seasons.

[0177] The mixed zone acts as a "water regulation node" and controls the diffusion rate of water to the surrounding area through differences in porosity and water holding capacity.

[0178] Promotion of biodiversity:

[0179] The heterogeneous soil environment (nutrient stratification, pH buffering) of the mixed zone provides microhabitats for insects, microorganisms, and other organisms, accelerating the reconstruction of ecological communities.

[0180] 5. Comparative advantages over traditional soil covering mode

[0181] Traditional full-scale soil covering requires a 30-50cm thick guest soil layer to construct a continuous planting substrate, but the gravel matrix area has difficulty retaining water due to rapid permeation. The mixed zone and trench system achieve this through local micro-domain modification:

[0182] Water-saving effect: irrigation water consumption per unit area is reduced by more than 50%, and frequent water replenishment is not required.

[0183] Soil saving effect: The amount of soil used for the guest soil is reduced by 60%-70%, and only needs to be filled with improved soil at the bottom of the groove, avoiding resource waste caused by large-area coverage.

[0184] Survival rate improvement: The survival rate of vegetation is increased by 25%-40% compared with the traditional mode, and the root system expansion speed is accelerated by 3-5 times.

[0185] 6. Engineering economy and sustainability

[0186] Construction efficiency: The rabble soil stirring assembly 5 and the groove plow 2 are coaxially linked, and the single-point mixed operation time is shortened to 1 / 3 of the traditional mode.

[0187] Long-term benefits: The capillary water supply function of the trench can maintain the long-term wetness of the vegetation root system, reduce the frequency of artificial irrigation, and reduce the maintenance cost in the later period.

[0188] It should be noted that, in this text, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or equipment.

[0189] Finally, it should be noted that: the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the present application, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A micro-topography modification device for mine restoration, characterized in that, include: The hollow soil storage box (1) is divided into a top soil storage cavity (102) and a bottom driving cavity (103) by a horizontal partition plate (101), and a soil inlet (104) is provided at the top. Hollow grooved plow blade (2) is coaxially fixed to the bottom of hollow soil storage box (1). Its variable pitch spiral blade (201) is composed of upper small pitch blade (201a) and lower large pitch blade (201b) with the same direction of rotation, which is used to vertically spin and form a water-retaining groove that is loose at the top and dense at the bottom. The embedded spiral soil delivery component (4) is coaxially nested in the hollow area inside the variable pitch spiral blade (201). The large pitch soil inlet end of the variable pitch spiral soil delivery device (403) extends to the soil storage cavity (102), and the small pitch soil outlet end at the bottom is embedded in the lower end face of the variable pitch spiral blade (201) for pressurizing and injecting the imported soil into the bottom of the groove. The rake-type rotary soil mixing component (5) is fitted outside the hollow grooved plow blade (2), and its radial mixing teeth (502) are used to force the mixing of imported soil and native soil after the groove is formed; The drive assembly (3) is located in the drive cavity (103) and synchronously drives the variable pitch spiral blade (201) to rotate in the same direction as the rake-type rotary soil mixing assembly (5), thereby realizing point-like intervention and transformation of continuous operation of trenching, covering, and mixing.

2. The micro-topography modification device for mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded spiral soil conveying assembly (4) includes: The variable pitch spiral soil feeder (403) has a large pitch soil inlet end at the top that extends to the soil storage cavity (102), and a small pitch soil outlet end at the bottom that is embedded in the lower end face of the variable pitch spiral blade (201). The central control spindle (402) coaxially passes through the hollow area of ​​the variable pitch spiral blade (201), with the upper end connected to the servo motor (401) and the lower end fixed to the variable pitch spiral soil feeder (403).

3. The micro-topography modification device for mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rake-type rotary soil mixing assembly (5) includes: Mounting ring (501) is coaxially fixed to the output end of drive assembly (3); The stirring teeth assembly (502) is radially distributed along the circumference of the mounting ring frame (501), and the length of the stirring teeth is less than the depth of the groove formed by the variable pitch helical blade (201).

4. A micro-topography modification device for mine restoration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving component (3) includes: The transmission gear (301) is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the variable pitch helical blade (201); A drive motor (302) is connected to a drive gear (303) at its output end, and the drive gear (303) meshes with a transmission gear (301); The mounting ring (501) is fixedly sleeved to the outside of the transmission gear (301) by bolts.

5. A micro-topography modification device for mine restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pitch of the top inlet end of the variable pitch auger (403) is greater than the pitch of the bottom outlet end, and the outlet end is 10-50mm away from the lower end face of the variable pitch auger blade (201).

6. A micro-topography modification device for mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper small-pitch blade (201a) is thinner than the lower large-pitch blade (201b), and the two are integrally formed.

7. A micro-topography modification method for mine restoration according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Selecting the work mode For small-scale, sporadic repairs, single-point independent operations should be carried out. For large-area continuous repair, multiple devices are connected in series and the spacing between adjacent devices is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the rotation range of the rake-type rotary soil mixing component (5) is free from interference. Step 2: Location and Slotting The mobile device is moved to the target location, and the drive assembly (3) is started to drive the variable pitch spiral blade (201) to spin vertically, forming a water-retaining groove that is loose at the top and dense at the bottom. After the trenching is completed, the entire device is moved upwards, and the original soil is oriented and moved out by the rotation of the large-pitch blades (201b) at the bottom, and piled between adjacent groove points in the series direction; Step 3: Backfilling Move the device to the top of the same groove, start the embedded spiral soil conveying component (4), and inject the imported soil into the bottom of the groove through the variable pitch spiral soil conveyor (403). The soil covering height exceeds the original ground level, forming a trench and ridge water storage structure. Step 4: Phased control of soil mixing If it is the first point: turn off the rake-type rotary soil mixing component (5), and retain the ditch structure for water storage; If it is a secondary point: start the soil mixing component (5), its radial mixing teeth (502) will forcibly mix the original soil temporarily stored between adjacent points with the topsoil of the current point to form a root transition zone; Step 5: Planting and Expanding Vegetation Repeat steps 2-4, connecting multiple mixed-location zones into a network during the series operation to construct an ecological restoration network; Targeted vegetation was planted in the remediation area, and indicators such as plant growth, ecological function, evidence chain of soil improvement, and disaster resistance performance were recorded regularly.

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