Early sowing and rainwater collecting planting method for arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The invention provides an early sowing and rainwater collecting planting method for arid and semi-arid areas, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The invention provides a millet planting method in arid and semi-arid regions, which comprises the following steps: when a soil layer is unfrozen by at least 20cm in spring, performing full film mulching and sowing on seeds and seed fertilizers subjected to seed dressing treatment; and supplementing a foliar fertilizer in the key growth period of the millet. According to the method, through seed dressing and full-film sowing of seed fertilizer, in combination with supplement of foliar fertilizer, early sowing and early maturing of millet can be completed only through rainfall, the utilization rate of fertilizer, pesticide and water is remarkably increased, the yield is increased, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for early sowing and rain-harvesting planting in arid and semi-arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Millet is drought-tolerant and can thrive in poor soil, exhibiting strong resilience. It remains an important crop in dryland agriculture in northern China. Millet holds a significant place among my country's specialty crops, primarily grown in arid and semi-arid regions with annual rainfall of 350-500 mm. Millet seedlings require very little water, with a water requirement of only 1.97-2.66 mm / day from sowing to jointing. Water requirements during maturity are also relatively low, with the water requirement from grain filling to maturity being similar to that during the seedling stage. The mid-growth stage requires the most water, accounting for approximately 50% of the total water requirement from jointing to grain filling. The water requirement peaks around the heading stage, with a daily average requirement of 4-5 mm. This period is highly sensitive to water conditions and is the first critical period for millet's water needs. During this time, spikelet differentiation and pollen mother cell formation occur. Drought and water shortages slow growth, increase basal yellowing leaves, reduce leaf area, sparse spikelets, decrease grain number, and significantly reduce yield—a phenomenon known as "bottleneck drought." The grain-filling stage is the grain formation stage and is also sensitive to water, representing the second critical period for millet's water needs. Drought at this time affects the transfer of nutrients from stems and leaves to the grains in the ear, resulting in fewer grains per ear, increased chaff rate, and decreased thousand-grain weight, leading to reduced yield. With the application and development of millet mulch cultivation technology in production practice, the difficulties of seedling establishment during spring drought in dryland millet and the susceptibility to early frost damage in high-altitude areas have been effectively solved. This has expanded the suitable planting range of millet varieties, significantly increased the yield of millet in dryland areas, and improved the utilization efficiency of limited rainfall in dryland areas, showing broad development prospects in arid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for early sowing and rainwater harvesting in arid and semi-arid regions, which can achieve efficient utilization of autumn and winter precipitation, significantly prevent soil-borne diseases, increase yield, and improve soil structure.

[0004] This invention provides a method for planting millet in arid and semi-arid regions, comprising the following steps: when the soil layer is at least 20 cm thick in spring, the seeds and fertilizer are sown together under full film covering; and foliar fertilizer is applied during the critical growth period of millet.

[0005] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the seed dressing includes mixing the seeds with thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cymoxanil.

[0006] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the amount of thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cymoxanil to the seeds is 225 ml: 25 kg.

[0007] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 30-45 kg / mu.

[0008] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the seed is sown at a depth of 3-5 cm and the sowing amount is 200-250 g / mu.

[0009] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, and a yield-enhancing agent.

[0010] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the mass-volume ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, and the assisted delivery agent is 100g:10ml:15g.

[0011] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days after heading, for a total of 2 to 3 sprays.

[0012] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, no artificial irrigation is carried out during the entire growth period of the millet, and the plastic film is not removed.

[0013] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned millet planting method in at least one of the following: improving soil structure, increasing fertilizer utilization, reducing pests and diseases, advancing maturity and increasing yield.

[0014] Beneficial effects: In arid and semi-arid regions of my country, the utilization rate of autumn and winter precipitation is currently low, and soil-borne diseases are serious problems in millet producing areas. This invention, by constructing a technology system for early sowing with full mulch film covering in dryland millet, is the first to propose sowing with full mulch film covering when the topsoil layer is thawed to 20cm, thus achieving efficient utilization of autumn and winter precipitation. By treating millet seeds, the main soil-borne diseases of millet, such as white spot disease and smut, can be effectively prevented. Combined with foliar fertilizer application technology, a technology for efficient utilization of millet fertilizer has been formed, breaking the problem of difficult fertilization of millet with full mulch film covering, and realizing efficient utilization of water, fertilizer and pesticides in dryland millet. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 Yield of early-sown Jingu 21 in dryland areas; Figure 2 The yield chart for winter-sown Jingu 21; Figure 3 This is a yield chart for conventionally sown Jingu 21. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This invention provides a method for planting millet in arid and semi-arid regions, comprising the following steps: when the soil layer is at least 20 cm thick in spring, the seeds and seed fertilizer are mixed and sown under full film; and foliar fertilizer is applied during the critical growth period of millet.

[0017] This invention is an early sowing technique, allowing sowing to begin when the topsoil layer thaws to a depth of 20cm. The topsoil layer is defined as 20cm below the surface. The millet in this invention is sown under full plastic film mulch, and no artificial irrigation or film removal is required throughout the entire growing season. The millet's water needs are met solely by natural rainfall, such as during winter and spring. This invention effectively utilizes winter and spring rainfall, ensuring the water required for millet germination and maximizing the use of rainfall during the millet's growing season.

[0018] The mulch film described in this invention has multiple functions: (1) heat preservation and temperature increase, raising soil temperature: the film can reduce soil heat loss, especially suitable for early spring or cold regions, promoting seed germination and seedling growth; (2) water retention and drought resistance, reducing water evaporation: the film blocks direct evaporation of soil moisture, improving water use efficiency; maintaining soil moisture: especially in arid regions, it can effectively improve water use efficiency; (3) suppressing weeds, mulch film weed control: suppressing weed photosynthesis, reducing weed growth; reducing weeding costs: reducing the use of manual labor or herbicides; (4) improving soil structure and preventing soil compaction: reducing rainwater erosion and irrigation. The soil compaction caused by the soil; keeping the soil loose: is conducive to root growth and microbial activity; (5) reducing pests and diseases and blocking some soil-borne diseases: prevent rainwater from splashing up pathogens in the soil and infecting crops; repelling pests: some reflective film can repel pests such as aphids; (6) improving fertilizer utilization and reducing nutrient loss: reducing fertilizer loss caused by rainwater erosion; promoting nutrient decomposition: increasing soil temperature is conducive to microbial activity and accelerating the decomposition of organic matter; (7) advancing maturity and increasing yield, extending the growth cycle: early spring covering can advance sowing and extend the crop growth period; improving yield and quality: optimizing the growth environment and promoting uniform fruit ripening.

[0019] This invention requires seed treatment before sowing. The seed treatment agent used includes thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cypermethrin. During treatment, the thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cypermethrin are mixed with the seeds at a ratio of 225 ml (1 bottle): 25 kgg. Water is also added during the treatment; each bottle of thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cypermethrin can be mixed with 1500 ml of water. After seed treatment, the occurrence of major diseases of millet, such as white spot disease, smut, and millet leafminer, can be effectively prevented.

[0020] In this invention, the seeds, after being treated with pesticides, are sown together with a special seeder and seed fertilizer. The seed fertilizer is a compound fertilizer; for example, in this embodiment, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer is used. The mass ratio of NPK in the compound fertilizer is 18:18:18, and the application rate is 30-45 kg / mu. The sowing depth of the seeds in this invention is 3-5 cm, and the sowing rate is 200-250 g / mu.

[0021] This invention involves applying foliar fertilizer after heading. The foliar fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, and a yield-enhancing agent, with a mass-to-volume ratio of 100g:10ml:15g. The foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 7-10 days after heading, for a total of 2-3 applications. This invention does not specify a particular application method for the foliar fertilizer; in one embodiment, it is applied using a drone, with a dosage of 100g of the foliar fertilizer per acre. The foliar fertilizer formula of this invention is scientifically formulated, synergistically enhancing its effects, promoting root development and seedling vigor, strengthening crop resistance, promoting fruit setting, preventing premature aging, improving quality and increasing yield, with a yield increase rate of approximately 20%.

[0022] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned millet planting method in at least one of the following: improving soil structure, increasing fertilizer utilization, reducing pests and diseases, advancing maturity and increasing yield.

[0023] This invention effectively prevents major soil-borne diseases of millet through seed treatment and minimizes pesticide use. Foliar fertilizer is applied via drone during the critical nutrient-demanding period of millet, effectively improving fertilizer utilization. By integrating fertilization and irrigation factors, the full-film drip irrigation supplementary irrigation technology can improve the rhizosphere environment and promote vegetative growth of crops by accumulating ineffective rainfall, ultimately reducing crop water consumption and increasing crop yield, thereby increasing crop water use efficiency.

[0024] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of an early sowing and rain-harvesting planting method for arid and semi-arid regions provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 (1) Before sowing, treat the millet seeds with the seed dressing agent shown in Table 1, and mix the seeds according to the ratio of agent, seeds and water 225ml: 25kg: 1500ml; (2) When the soil thaws to 20cm in spring, sow under full film covering, with a sowing depth of 3-5cm and a sowing amount of 200-250g / mu. Do not remove the film during the entire growth period. Apply seed fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 18:18:18) once at the time of sowing, with a seed fertilizer amount of 40kg / mu.

[0026] (3) After the millet heads, use drones to spray foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate: brassinolide: yield aid = 100g: 10ml: 15g), spray once every 7-10 days, with a dosage of 100g per mu each time, for a total of 2-3 times.

[0027] Table 1. Screening of Seed Dressing Agents

[0028] The results showed that seed treatment with thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cymoxanil could effectively prevent the occurrence of major white spot disease, smut disease, and millet leafminer in millet.

[0029] Example 2 From 2024 to 2025, this technology will be demonstrated and promoted on 300 mu (approximately 20 hectares) in key demonstration areas such as Qingshuihe in Hohhot City, resulting in cost savings and increased income of 150-200 yuan per mu. Compared with conventional technologies, this technology effectively improves water use efficiency by more than 10%, reduces pesticide use by more than 15%, and increases fertilizer utilization by 10%. Through cooperative + enterprise + farmer models, it has widely benefited 20 local households, achieving an average increase in income of 2,000 yuan per household, demonstrating significant economic, social, and ecological benefits.

[0030] Table 2 shows the water use efficiency of each treatment in the Qingshuihe Experiment in 2024. In Table 2, W represents irrigation, N represents nitrogen fertilizer, WUE represents water use efficiency, CK1 represents supplemental irrigation and topdressing, and CK2 represents topdressing without supplemental irrigation. Except for the control treatment, the effects of fertilization or irrigation factors alone on crop water consumption and water use efficiency were not significant. However, when fertilization and irrigation factors were combined, the full-film drip irrigation supplemental irrigation technology can reduce crop water consumption and increase crop yield by accumulating ineffective rainfall, improving the crop rhizosphere environment, and promoting crop vegetative growth during crop growth, thereby increasing crop water use efficiency by up to 45.55%.

[0031] Table 2 Water use efficiency of each treatment

[0032] The growth results of millet under the three planting patterns are as follows: Figures 1-3 As shown. In this invention, "common sowing" refers to sowing according to traditional methods from late April to early May. "Frozen ground sowing" is a general term for sowing millet during the early spring when the soil is not completely thawed. "Winter sowing" is a general term for sowing millet during the early winter when the soil begins to freeze or during the early spring when the soil is not completely thawed.

[0033] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating millet in arid and semi-arid regions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When the soil layer thaws to a depth of at least 20 cm in spring, sow the seeds and fertilizer mixed with the seeds under full plastic film; and apply foliar fertilizer during the critical growth period of millet.

2. The millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed dressing agent used includes thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and cymoxanil.

3. The millet planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dosage ratio of thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and seeds is 225 ml: 25 kg.

4. The millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer used is a compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 30-45 kg / mu.

5. The millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seeds are sown at a depth of 3-5 cm and at a rate of 200-250 g / mu.

6. The millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, and a production aid.

7. The millet planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass-volume ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, and the assisted delivery agent is 100g:10ml:15g.

8. The millet planting method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer is applied once every 7 to 10 days after heading, for a total of 2 to 3 applications.

9. The millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, No artificial irrigation or plastic film removal is carried out during the entire growth period of the millet.

10. The application of the millet cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in at least one of the following: It improves soil structure, increases fertilizer utilization, reduces pests and diseases, promotes earlier maturity, and increases yield.

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