Multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method and system which are applied to an integrated household blood glucose monitoring intelligent workstation. The method comprises the steps that in response to a monitoring starting instruction of a user, a central control unit calls a perioperative period nursing voice library to play standardized operation guidance; the automatic blood sampling and sterilizing device is controlled to execute a sterile sampling process, and automatic puncture and blood sample conveying are completed in a micro-negative pressure environment; acquiring a real-time blood glucose value, reading a clinical state tag of the user, and calling the irritable hyperglycemia risk assessment model to generate a grading assessment result; dynamically adjusting the disinfection strategy of the ultraviolet bacteriostasis bin based on the biological load risk of the detected numerical value; monitoring data and evaluation results are stored in a database, and a perioperative period blood glucose fluctuation file is constructed. According to the system, through software and hardware cooperation, sterile precise monitoring and complication risk early warning of the blood glucose of the patient in the perioperative period are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device and health monitoring information processing technology, and in particular to a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, blood glucose monitoring in home settings mainly relies on handheld portable blood glucose meters. This method requires users to complete a series of cumbersome procedures, including hand cleaning, needle insertion, alcohol disinfection, and blood collection. For patients in the perioperative recovery phase, who are often weak, experience hand tremors, or suffer from postoperative stress, it is difficult to strictly adhere to standardized aseptic procedures. This can easily lead to contact infection at the puncture site due to incomplete disinfection or improper operation. Furthermore, home environments typically lack professional medical waste disposal facilities. If used needles and test strips are not promptly disposed of harmlessly, the residual blood can easily become a breeding ground for microorganisms. Especially when blood glucose levels are abnormally high, the high-sugar environment is conducive to the colonization and spread of pathogens, posing a biosafety hazard.

[0003] Existing blood glucose monitoring devices typically only display a single blood glucose value. Their built-in alarm logic is mostly based on diagnostic criteria for ordinary diabetic patients, lacking the ability to analyze data in conjunction with the specific clinical stage of the patient after surgery. For example, they cannot distinguish between hyperglycemia caused by physiological stress and pathological infection, nor can they adjust control targets according to special conditions such as postoperative enteral nutrition support or changes in medication administration. As a result, the monitoring data is difficult to effectively assist doctors in judging the patient's postoperative recovery status, and cannot provide relevant early warnings for potential complications such as postoperative electrolyte disturbances or poor anastomotic healing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method and system to solve the problems pointed out in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method, characterized in that the method is applied to an integrated home blood glucose monitoring intelligent workstation, the workstation integrating a central control unit, an intelligent voice module, an automatic blood collection and disinfection device, and an ultraviolet antibacterial chamber; the method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: In response to the user's monitoring start command, the central control unit calls the preset voice guidance library and plays standardized operation guidance through the intelligent voice module;

[0007] Step S2: Control the automatic blood collection and disinfection device to perform aseptic sampling process, sequentially locate the fingertip, perform quantitative alcohol spray disinfection, automatically puncture and collect blood, and transport the blood sample to the detection unit;

[0008] Step S3: Obtain the real-time blood glucose value output by the detection unit and read the user's current status label parameters;

[0009] Step S4: Based on the status label parameters, call the corresponding data comparison and analysis model to process the real-time blood glucose value and generate a numerical status classification result;

[0010] Step S5: The intelligent voice module broadcasts the numerical status classification results and simultaneously activates the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber to perform short-term irradiation antibacterial treatment on the inside of the workstation; wherein, the antibacterial treatment adopts a dynamic control strategy based on the detection numerical feedback: the central control unit automatically adjusts the irradiation duration or pulse frequency of the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber according to the real-time blood glucose value, and automatically increases the irradiation dose when the real-time blood glucose value rises.

[0011] Step S6: Store the real-time blood glucose value and the value status classification result into the database to construct a time-series blood glucose monitoring database.

[0012] Optionally, in step S2, the aseptic sampling process specifically includes:

[0013] Infrared sensors are used to confirm that a finger has been inserted into the blood collection point;

[0014] Activate the micro-mist nozzle to spray a measured amount of alcohol onto the fingertip and wait for the preset evaporation time;

[0015] The built-in blood collection needle is driven to complete instantaneous blood collection at a preset depth;

[0016] During step S2, the micro-negative pressure aspiration system is kept on throughout to prevent aerosol diffusion.

[0017] Optionally, in step S4, the step of calling the corresponding data comparison and analysis model to process the real-time blood glucose value specifically includes:

[0018] Identify whether the status label parameter belongs to a first preset category;

[0019] If so, then load the first abnormality judgment threshold, which includes: fasting value greater than or equal to 6.9 mmol / L, or random value greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / L;

[0020] The real-time blood glucose value is compared with the first abnormality detection threshold;

[0021] If the real-time blood glucose value exceeds the first abnormality determination threshold, a first abnormality flag is generated, and an associated warning signal is output.

[0022] Optionally, the method further includes dynamic monitoring logic for different dietary states:

[0023] If the status label parameter shows a first intake state, then the first control target range of 6.0 to 8.0 mmol / L is retrieved;

[0024] If the status label parameter shows a second intake status, then the second control target range of 7.8 to 10.0 mmol / L is retrieved;

[0025] When the real-time blood glucose value deviates from the corresponding control target range, the intelligent voice module broadcasts preset operation guidance information corresponding to the direction of deviation.

[0026] Optionally, step S4 further includes a multi-parameter correlation analysis step:

[0027] When the real-time blood glucose value is lower than the lower limit safety threshold of 3.9 mmol / L, an emergency intervention prompt is generated, and preset intake compensation guidance content is played via voice.

[0028] When the real-time blood glucose value continues to be higher than the upper limit threshold, the system automatically calls the electrolyte correlation analysis logic and outputs interactive information prompting the user to pay attention to abdominal signs and muscle status in order to monitor postoperative recovery indicators.

[0029] Optionally, in step S6, constructing the time-series blood glucose monitoring database specifically includes:

[0030] Stores nearly three months of continuous monitoring data;

[0031] Calculate the numerical coefficient of variation and the time percentage within the target range;

[0032] A data statistics report is generated based on the calculation results. The data statistics report includes a numerical fluctuation trend chart and stability evaluation indicators.

[0033] Optionally, in step S5, the step of activating the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber to perform short-term irradiation antibacterial treatment on the inside of the workstation further includes a safety interlock step:

[0034] Check whether the cover of the workstation is closed;

[0035] In the closed state, a UVC-LED light source with a wavelength of 260 to 280 nm is activated;

[0036] If the cover is detected to be open during the process, the power supply to the UVC-LED light source shall be immediately cut off.

[0037] Optionally, in step S4, before performing the processing, the central control unit first executes a monitoring logic adaptive matching step based on the status label parameters; the matching step specifically includes:

[0038] When the status label parameter is identified as a continuous nutritional support status, the central control unit automatically disables the basic fasting alarm logic and loads a tolerance-based dynamic control model: the warning threshold range is shifted to 7.8 to 10.0 mmol / L, and real-time tracking of the coefficient of variation is initiated. An abnormal prompt is only triggered when the monitored value exceeds the range and the coefficient of variation is greater than the preset stable value.

[0039] When the status tag parameter is identified as an external drug delivery method switching state, the central control unit automatically locks a high-frequency monitoring window with a duration of 2 hours; within the window, the system increases the sampling frequency to once every 30 minutes and calculates the first derivative of the rate of decrease of two adjacent values ​​in real time; if the rate of decrease exceeds the safe decay threshold, a control command to stop the external drug delivery device is immediately issued through the intelligent voice module or communication interface.

[0040] Optionally, in step S5, the dynamic control strategy specifically includes:

[0041] The central control unit extracts the real-time blood glucose value obtained in step S3 and uses it as a biological load factor to substitute into the preset control model.

[0042] If the real-time blood glucose value is in the first range of 3.9 to 6.1 mmol / L, the central control unit controls the UVC-LED light source to perform the operation for the standard duration;

[0043] If the real-time blood glucose value exceeds 11.1 mmol / L, the central control unit determines that the puncture component of the automatic blood collection and disinfection device has a high risk of microbial proliferation.

[0044] The system automatically generates enhancement commands to control the UVC-LED light source to extend the irradiation time. The extended duration is proportional to the extent to which the real-time blood glucose value exceeds the limit. Simultaneously, the pulse frequency of the UVC-LED light source is increased to block the microbial proliferation pathway in a high-sugar environment.

[0045] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring system, characterized in that it employs the method described in any one of the first aspects, the system comprising:

[0046] The rigid protective shell has an internal antibacterial compartment structure;

[0047] The main control module is used to run the data comparison and analysis model and coordinate the work of each component;

[0048] The interactive module includes a voice broadcast unit and a display unit;

[0049] The integrated sampling and testing module integrates an alcohol sprayer, an automatic ejector blood collection needle, and a blood glucose analysis circuit.

[0050] The disinfection and maintenance module includes a UVC-LED array and a safety interlock switch installed inside the housing;

[0051] The data storage module is used to record a time-series blood glucose monitoring database.

[0052] The present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0053] This invention achieves fully automated control of the entire process, from voice guidance and automatic positioning to quantitative atomized disinfection and precise blood collection, by constructing an integrated intelligent workstation. This simplifies the user's operation process, improves the sampling success rate, and effectively blocks the risk of aerosol transmission during blood collection through a micro-negative pressure inhalation system and ultraviolet disinfection mechanism. The system's built-in stress-induced hyperglycemia risk assessment model can adaptively adjust the monitoring logic and warning thresholds based on the patient's clinical status labels, providing accurate graded assessments for different scenarios such as postoperative enteral nutrition support or medication switching periods, reducing false alarm interference under general standards. In addition, this invention establishes a correlation analysis mechanism between blood glucose levels and postoperative complications. When persistent hyperglycemia is detected, it automatically correlates and analyzes the risk of hypokalemia, providing early auxiliary warnings for postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage. Furthermore, it dynamically adjusts the disinfection dosage based on the glucose load of residual blood samples, improving the safety of nursing care during home rehabilitation.

[0054] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0057] Figure 1 This is an overall structural block diagram of a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring workstation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0060] This invention first constructs a highly integrated, all-in-one smart workstation for home blood glucose monitoring. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the external structure of the intelligent workstation is composed of a rigid protective shell. To meet the requirements for impact resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, and flame retardancy in medical environments (including home hospital bed environments), the shell material is preferably a modified alloy of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS).

[0061] Considering that perioperative patients (especially those undergoing chemotherapy after malignant tumor surgery) are usually in an immunosuppressed state and are highly susceptible to contact infections, this embodiment incorporates 3%-5% by mass of nano-silver ion antibacterial masterbatch into the injection molding material of the shell. Nano-silver ions can continuously migrate to the shell surface, destroying the peptidoglycan structure of bacterial cell walls and interfering with bacterial enzyme systems, thereby achieving contact-based killing of common opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[0062] Inside the shell, the internal space is divided into four physically isolated independent chambers by precision-injected reinforcing ribs and partition walls:

[0063] Core control chamber: used to install the central control unit, power management module and wireless communication module. This chamber is treated with an electromagnetic shielding coating to block the influence of external electromagnetic interference on weak bioelectric signals.

[0064] Precision mechanical sampling chamber: used to install automatic blood collection and disinfection device and detection unit. This chamber is designed with an independent fluid dynamic air duct and is the core area for the system to perform aseptic operation.

[0065] Consumables storage chamber: Used to store unused test strip cartridges and disposable blood collection needles. This chamber is equipped with a desiccant tank and a sealing ring to maintain a constant low humidity environment. The bottom of the chamber is also embedded with a 13.56MHz high-frequency RFID reader module. When a matching test strip cartridge with an electronic tag is loaded, the system can automatically read the batch sensitivity coefficient and expiration information of the test strip in a non-contact manner.

[0066] Waste recycling and disinfection chamber: used to temporarily store used needles and test strips. The inner wall of this chamber is coated with an easy-to-clean Teflon coating and is directly covered by the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber.

[0067] The intelligent workstation integrates a main control module (i.e., a central control unit). Considering that this system needs to run the stress-induced hyperglycemia risk assessment model in real time and process high-frequency sampled sensor data, this embodiment preferably uses a 32-bit embedded microcontroller (MCU) based on an ARM Cortex-M4F or higher performance architecture. The MCU has a main frequency of no less than 120MHz, a built-in single-precision floating-point unit (FPU) and a digital signal processing (DSP) extended instruction set, which can meet the computing power requirements for microsecond-level integration and nonlinear fitting of the blood glucose response curve.

[0068] The central control unit establishes electrical connections with each functional submodule via a high-speed bus on a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB). The power management unit (PMU) is equipped with a medical-grade lithium polymer battery with a capacity of at least 3000mAh and integrates dynamic path management (DPM) circuitry. The PMU is responsible for converting the battery voltage into multiple stable DC power supplies, including a 3.3V digital power supply for the MCU, a 3.3V analog power supply (ripple less than 10mV) for the precision analog circuitry, a 5.0V power supply for the sensors, and a 12.0V power supply for the motor drive circuitry. Furthermore, to prevent monitoring interruptions caused by system crashes, the circuitry includes an independent hardware watchdog timer that will force a system reset within 20 milliseconds upon detecting a software malfunction.

[0069] The interactive module includes a voice broadcast unit and a display unit.

[0070] The voice broadcast unit consists of an independent I2S interface audio decoding chip, a Class D power amplifier, and a waterproof speaker with a specially designed acoustic cavity. This unit connects directly to the MCU's DMA (Direct Memory Access) channel, enabling smooth playback of high-sampling-rate (44.1kHz) PCM format audio files stored in an external, high-capacity SPI Flash (e.g., 128Mb). These audio files constitute a perioperative nursing voice library, recorded by professional medical staff, covering all scenarios including operational guidance, error correction, health education, and psychological counseling.

[0071] The display unit preferably uses a 3.5-inch or larger AMOLED touchscreen display, which features self-illumination, high contrast, and wide viewing angles. Even in low-light environments at night, patients can clearly read data without turning on strong indoor lights, avoiding the impact of strong light stimulation on postoperative sleep.

[0072] The mechanical structure of the integrated sampling and detection module mainly includes a positioning and sensing component, a micro-atomization disinfection component, an automatic puncture component, and an aerosol control component.

[0073] The positioning and sensing component includes a set of highly sensitive infrared photoelectric sensors symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the blood collection trough. The emitting tube emits modulated infrared light with a wavelength of 940nm, and the receiving tube detects the intensity of the reflected light. By analyzing the intensity and rate of change of the reflected signal, the MCU can not only determine whether the finger is inserted correctly, but also detect the slightest tremor of the finger, ensuring that subsequent actions are triggered only when the finger is stationary.

[0074] The micro-atomization disinfection component employs microporous piezoelectric ceramic atomization technology. A piezoelectric transducer is attached to a stainless steel microporous mesh, which contains hundreds of tapered nozzles with diameters of 3-5 micrometers. When the MCU outputs a drive signal at a frequency of 108kHz±2kHz, the piezoelectric ceramic generates high-frequency resonance. To ensure stable contact between alcohol and the microporous mesh under any liquid level and device orientation, a 3mm diameter polymer polyester fiber guide rod (guide core) is installed inside the liquid storage chamber. One end of the guide rod is immersed in alcohol, while the other end continuously supplies liquid by adhering to the back of the piezoelectric mesh using capillary action. The drive circuit uses an LC series resonant topology to drive the 75% medical alcohol in the storage chamber through the micropores, instantly dispersing it into micron-sized aerosol droplets. These droplets have a large specific surface area and rapid evaporation characteristics, enabling them to evenly cover deep fingerprint creases for comprehensive disinfection.

[0075] The automatic puncture assembly uses a voice coil motor (VCM) to directly drive the lancet. Compared to traditional spring-fired structures, the VCM offers significantly higher response speed and controllability. The MCU precisely adjusts the current waveform applied to the VCM coil to control the lancet's movement along a specific speed curve: during the insertion phase, it accelerates at a high speed (>50 m / s²), reaching peak speed (approximately 2-3 m / s) the instant the needle tip contacts the skin. This speed advantage allows for rapid penetration of densely nerve-rich areas of the epidermis, reducing pain. During this process, the VCM's moving end is rigidly coupled to the ferromagnetic base at the tail of the disposable lancet via an embedded neodymium iron boron magnetic chuck. To achieve precise depth control, the system employs current feedback zero-point detection technology: during the insertion phase, the MCU monitors the VCM drive current in real time. The instant the needle tip contacts the skin surface, a sudden increase in mechanical resistance causes a characteristic jump in the current waveform. The system marks this moment as the zero displacement point and continues to drive the motor for a preset 1.5 mm stroke from this reference, thus reducing errors caused by differences in finger thickness. Once the preset depth is reached, reverse current is used to brake instantly and retract rapidly.

[0076] For the aerosol control component, in order to prevent the blood aerosol and alcohol mist generated during the blood collection process from spreading outward, a micro negative pressure air intake port is provided at the bottom of the blood collection chamber, which is connected to a miniature silent centrifugal fan and a HEPA (high-efficiency air filter) filter element.

[0077] The ultraviolet disinfection and maintenance module consists of a UVC-LED array deployed at the top of the mechanical sampling chamber and the waste collection chamber. The array uses deep ultraviolet LEDs with wavelengths in the 260nm-280nm range, which has the highest photon energy and can directly sever the double helix structure of bacterial and viral DNA / RNA. A Hall sensor is installed at the connection point of the housing cover as a safety interlock switch to monitor the cover's closure status in real time and prevent ultraviolet leakage.

[0078] Based on the aforementioned hardware platform, this invention provides a multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps include the following:

[0079] The first step is response and standardization guidance.

[0080] When the user presses the start monitoring physical button on the workstation panel, or triggers a wake-up signal via the capacitive touch sensor, the central control unit first wakes up from low-power sleep mode and immediately executes the power-on self-test procedure. The self-test includes: checking if the battery voltage is higher than the operating threshold (e.g., 3.7V), checking if the alcohol reservoir level is sufficient (via the level sensor), confirming that the test strip is inserted correctly (via a microswitch), and verifying if the reference values ​​of each sensor have drifted. If the self-test passes, the system illuminates the display and enters the boot phase.

[0081] At this time, the central control unit reads the timestamp of the system's real-time clock. It also accesses the user profile database to obtain the current set of clinical status tags. When the device is first activated or a new user ID is detected, the system will display a perioperative record configuration wizard on the screen. The user needs to enter the type of surgery and basic medical history via touch; or scan the patient's wristband QR code via the Wi-Fi module to automatically retrieve and generate the aforementioned set of clinical status tags from the hospital's HIS system. Subsequently, the postoperative days are automatically incremented based on the RTC clock. The system determines the current monitoring type based on time logic: if... And since the user has no food intake record, it is determined to be morning fasting monitoring; if If the timeframe falls within the preset 2-hour window after a meal, it is considered post-meal monitoring.

[0082] Based on the monitoring type and the user's recovery stage (e.g., day 3 post-surgery), the central control unit indexes the corresponding audio file address from the perioperative nursing voice library in the Flash memory and drives the intelligent voice module to play it via the I2S interface. For example, the system might say: "Hello, we are now performing postoperative morning fasting blood glucose monitoring. Please relax, wash and dry your hands. Please open the workstation cover to prepare for blood collection." Simultaneously, the display screen plays an animated demonstration, guiding the user to correctly place their finger in the blood collection tray. This audiovisual guidance reduces patient anxiety caused by unfamiliarity with the procedure, thereby minimizing the impact of sympathetic nerve excitation and catecholamine release due to tension, ensuring the accuracy of baseline blood glucose values.

[0083] The second step is the precise control of the aseptic sampling process.

[0084] The central control unit controls the automated blood collection and disinfection device to perform the following sub-steps:

[0085] When a user inserts their finger into the blood collection tank, infrared photoelectric sensors on both sides of the tank wall detect that the light path is blocked. The voltage signal output by the receiving tube... A jump occurred. The central control unit... Perform high-frequency sampling (e.g., 1kHz) and calculate its time window. Variance within (e.g., 500ms) The system has preset location thresholds. and stability threshold Only when the conditions are met. Only then does the system determine that the finger is correctly positioned and stationary. At this point, the voice module announces: "Finger position is correct, please remain still, automatic disinfection will begin shortly."

[0086] After confirming the location, the central control unit outputs a PWM signal to the piezoelectric ceramic atomizing drive circuit. Drive frequency. Locked at 108kHz, duty cycle Set to 50%. Drive time. The time is precisely controlled between 400ms and 600ms (adjustable). During this period, approximately 15-20 microliters of 75% medical alcohol is atomized into micron-sized droplets and evenly sprayed onto the surface of the fingertip.

[0087] After the spraying process ends, the system does not immediately collect blood; instead, it enters a mandatory evaporation waiting period. To allow the alcohol to fully evaporate and avoid hemolysis and pain, the central control unit uses a built-in temperature and humidity sensor to collect ambient temperature data. and relative humidity The waiting time is dynamically calculated using the following empirical formula. : ; in, The baseline waiting time (e.g., 8 seconds). This is the humidity influence factor (e.g., 0.5). The absolute temperature scale compensation constant (values) to This formula prevents the denominator from approaching zero at low temperatures. It ensures that in low-temperature, high-humidity environments, the system will automatically extend the waiting time until the alcohol completely evaporates and removes heat from the skin, achieving a mild cooling anesthesia effect.

[0088] Set the time to start the spray At the same time as the spray is started ( The central control unit controls the miniature centrifugal fan to operate at full speed. The fan establishes a negative pressure field of approximately -20 Pa to -50 Pa relative to the external environment within the blood collection chamber. Through aerodynamics, the airflow within the chamber (including unattached alcohol mist and any subsequent blood aerosols) is guided unidirectionally through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. This design effectively prevents environmental pollution caused by aerosol spillage and cuts off the aerosol transmission path of pathogens.

[0089] When waiting time At the end, the central control unit drives the voice coil motor to perform the puncture action. Based on the user-preset skin thickness setting, the motor pushes the lancet to a depth of 1.5mm to 2.0mm under the skin with high acceleration, and then quickly retracts. The built-in test strip delivery mechanism consists of a miniature linear stepper motor, a precision trapezoidal lead screw, a linear guide rail, and a test strip holding slider. The central control unit controls the number of pulses of the stepper motor to drive the test strip holding slider to move linearly on the guide rail, and, in conjunction with the reflective optical coupler limiter at the outlet, delivers the test strip aspiration port to the preset blood collection position with a positioning accuracy of 0.05mm. Subsequently, the built-in test strip delivery mechanism slightly moves the test strip aspiration port to the blood bead position, using capillary action to draw approximately 0.5 microliters of blood sample into the reaction area.

[0090] Step 3: Electrochemical detection and clinical label reading.

[0091] When the blood sample fills the reaction area of ​​the test strip, the detection electrode is activated, and the central control unit starts the potentiostat circuit, applying a 400mV DC bias voltage between the working electrode and the reference electrode. Glucose in the blood undergoes an oxidation reaction under the catalysis of enzymes, generating an oxidation current. According to the Cottrell Equation, this current is proportional to the glucose concentration.

[0092] The central control unit collects the current value at the reaction equilibrium point (e.g., at the 5th second). Combined with the reaction zone temperature measured by the NTC sensor Calculate real-time blood glucose levels using the following formula. : ; in, For background current, This represents the batch sensitivity coefficient of the test strip. This is the temperature compensation coefficient.

[0093] At the same time, the central control unit reads the user's current clinical status label from the system register. This tag forms the context for the system's intelligent risk assessment and includes the following key dimensions:

[0094] The perioperative period includes: preoperative, postoperative days 1-3, and recovery period.

[0095] Medical history: such as [no history of diabetes], [history of type 2 diabetes];

[0096] Dietary patterns: such as [fasting], [liquid diet], [enteral nutrition support];

[0097] Administration methods: such as [insulin pump], [subcutaneous injection], [oral medication].

[0098] Step 4: In-depth operation of the stress-induced hyperglycemia risk assessment model.

[0099] Get real-time blood glucose levels With clinical status tags Then, the central control unit immediately invokes a pre-set stress-induced hyperglycemia risk assessment model to perform logical operations. This model contains multiple parallel decision branches to meet the needs of different clinical scenarios.

[0100] When the system recognizes the tag When the patient is in the perioperative period of gastrointestinal tumors and has no history of diabetes, the assessment model automatically filters out the conventional diagnostic criteria for diabetes (such as fasting ≥7.0) and instead loads a specific stress-induced hyperglycemia diagnostic threshold.

[0101] Setting a fasting stress threshold mmol / L, random stress threshold mmol / L.

[0102] The central control unit first determines the attribute of the current sampling time (fasting or random), and then... Compare with the corresponding threshold.

[0103] like (on an empty stomach) or (Randomly) The system determines that the user is in a state of stress-induced hyperglycemia. At this time, the system not only records the abnormal state, but also triggers the underlying postoperative infection risk warning flag. This is because, after ruling out underlying diabetes, abnormally high postoperative blood glucose is often an early warning from the body for anastomotic leakage, abdominal infection, or systemic inflammatory response (SIRS).

[0104] The model dynamically adjusts the control target range based on the diet label. This is to adapt to the patient's metabolic state. Specifically, this includes the following situations:

[0105] Scenario A: Preoperative fasting or simple stress state.

[0106] At this time, the patient is in a state of hunger or semi-starvation and may be undergoing surgery or anesthesia, posing an extremely high risk of hypoglycemia. The system retrieves the first control target interval: mmol / L mmol / L. The lower limit of this range is higher than the usual standard (3.9), designed to establish a safety buffer. If If the infusion deviates from this range, the system will prompt you to adjust the sugar content.

[0107] Situation B: Postoperative enteral nutrition status or emergency situation.

[0108] At this time, the patient is receiving continuous intravenous nutrition, resulting in a high exogenous glucose load and insulin resistance. Forcibly lowering blood glucose to the normal range could easily trigger hypoglycemic fluctuations. The system retrieves the second control target range (grace range): mmol / L mmol / L. Within this range, the system considers it to be within the target range and will not issue any interfering alarms; only when it exceeds this range will the voice module broadcast targeted dietary (such as slowing down the drip rate) or medication (such as adding insulin) adjustment suggestions.

[0109] To reduce false alarms and improve the clinical value of monitoring, the model has an adaptive matching function.

[0110] When postoperative enteral nutrition support is detected, the system automatically disables the basic fasting blood glucose alarm logic (i.e., it no longer uses <3.9 or >6.1 as the sole alarm condition) and loads a tolerance-based dynamic control model. This model introduces the coefficient of variation (CV) of blood glucose as a secondary criterion. The system calculates the blood glucose level in real time over the past 24 hours. Standard deviation of blood glucose records Compared with the average The ratio: Only when The system only triggers an error message at specific times. This logic effectively filters out benign fluctuations caused by minor adjustments to the nutrient solution drip rate.

[0111] When a switch in insulin administration is detected (e.g., from intravenous pump infusion to subcutaneous injection), the system automatically identifies the next two hours as a high-risk monitoring window for overlapping drug effects. Within this window, the system forcibly increases the recommended sampling frequency to 30 minutes per sample and calculates the first derivative (rate of decrease) of two consecutive blood glucose values. .like Exceeding the safe attenuation threshold (e.g.) When insulin infusion reaches mmol / L / h, the system immediately issues a control command to pause the infusion to prevent impending hypoglycemia.

[0112] Furthermore, after the central control unit (MCU) completes the basic comparison and grading assessment of real-time blood glucose values, the system logic then enters a deeper stage of complication risk correlation analysis. This stage is designed based on the understanding that blood glucose fluctuations in perioperative patients (especially after gastrointestinal tumor surgery) are not isolated metabolic events, but rather sensitive indicators of imbalances in the body's internal environment. Through a built-in pathophysiological logic model, the system couples and analyzes single blood glucose data with electrolyte balance, intestinal function, and systemic stress status to achieve proactive early warning of potentially fatal complications.

[0113] When the detection unit uploads the real-time blood glucose value When the blood glucose level falls below the preset physiological safety limit (3.9 mmol / L in this embodiment), the central control unit determines that the patient is in a critical state of hypoglycemia. Given the patient's weakened physical condition after surgery, hypoglycemia can easily induce arrhythmia caused by sympathetic nerve excitation or coma caused by brain energy metabolism disorders. The system immediately suspends all low-priority background tasks (such as wireless data synchronization and historical record organization) and triggers the highest level of non-maskable interrupt.

[0114] The interactive module then enters emergency guidance mode. The intelligent voice unit automatically raises the volume to the preset alarm level (>75dB) and broadcasts at a rapid frequency: "Alert, blood sugar is too low. Current value is XX. Please stop all activities immediately." Simultaneously, the system doesn't simply suggest sugar replenishment; instead, it calculates the precise dosage based on a built-in rapid-acting carbohydrate pharmacokinetic model. The system extracts weight parameters from the patient's file. (kg), use the following formula to calculate the number of grams of glucose required to raise blood glucose to the safe target value (5.6 mmol / L). : ; in, The apparent volume of distribution of glucose in the body (L / kg) is used, with a correction value of 0.25 for patients with postoperative edema. The coefficient is a comprehensive factor of bioavailability and absorption efficiency of orally ingested carbohydrates. Considering the impaired intestinal absorption function after surgery, the coefficient is set to 0.85. The molar mass conversion factor for glucose ( ), used to convert the calculated amount of glucose into a unit of mass (grams).

[0115] The system will calculate The system automatically converts the glucose tolerance to common food equivalents and provides detailed voice prompts: "It is recommended to immediately replenish rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. Based on your weight, please drink approximately 150 ml of a sugary beverage or eat 3 to 4 sugar cubes. The system has activated a 15-minute countdown safety lock; after the countdown ends, you will be forcibly reminded to retest." This standardized and quantitative intervention effectively prevents prolonged hypoglycemia caused by insufficient glucose intake or rebound hyperglycemia caused by excessive glucose intake.

[0116] For patients recovering from gastrointestinal tumors, this system incorporates a unique glucose-electrolyte-kinetic cascade analysis logic. Its pathological basis lies in severe perioperative stress-induced hyperglycemia (such as repeated episodes of hyperglycemia). High glucose levels (mmol / L) are often accompanied by hypercortisolism, leading to severe osmotic diuresis. High concentrations of glucose create high osmotic pressure within the renal tubules, hindering the reabsorption of sodium, water, and potassium ions, resulting in a significant increase in urinary potassium excretion. In patients who are fasting or receiving only parenteral nutrition, this high-excretion, low-intake state easily induces hypokalemia. Hypokalemia directly causes hyperpolarization of the intestinal smooth muscle cell membrane potential, reducing excitability and leading to postoperative paralytic ileus, manifested as severe abdominal distension. The abnormally increased intraluminal pressure caused by abdominal distension creates mechanical tension on the newly sutured digestive tract anastomosis, an independent risk factor for anastomotic leakage (a fatal complication).

[0117] In practice, the system maintains a circular data buffer to store monitoring results from the past 24 hours. When the central control unit detects that certain conditions are met... Furthermore, the clinical label indicates that the electrolyte disturbance risk inference mechanism should be activated immediately 3-7 days post-surgery. This represents the real-time blood glucose value collected and uploaded at the current moment (i.e., the latest one). This represents the blood glucose value stored in the circular data buffer at the previous moment (i.e., the last time). The inference engine initiates proactive symptom inquiries through the interactive interface:

[0118] A high-contrast dialog box pops up on the screen: "Persistently high blood sugar detected, posing a risk of electrolyte loss. Please confirm: 1. Do you feel a significant increase in abdominal bloating? 2. Do you experience muscle weakness in your limbs or palpitations?"

[0119] If the user clicks "Yes" or confirms via voice, the system immediately raises the risk level to a red alert and places a high-risk marker for anastomotic leakage in the complication risk field of the internal database. The voice module announces: "Warning! Comprehensive analysis indicates a risk of hypokalemia and delayed bowel function recovery. It is recommended to contact the attending physician immediately to recheck serum electrolytes and be alert for the occurrence of anastomotic leakage."

[0120] Step 5: Adaptive dynamic disinfection control strategy based on biological load feedback.

[0121] After completing complex logical operations and user interactions, the intelligent workstation enters the equipment maintenance and environmental reset phase. To effectively address the issue of microbial colonization in medical waste (needles, test strips) and the internal sampling chamber of the device in a home environment, this embodiment introduces an adaptive dynamic disinfection and control system based on residual blood sample sugar load.

[0122] Before initiating any disinfection action, the system must verify the integrity of the physical protective barrier to prevent short-wave ultraviolet (UVC) leakage from harming the human body. This invention embeds high-energy-product neodymium iron boron magnets at the edge of the cover plate of the rigid protective housing, while a high-precision linear Hall sensor is attached to the corresponding position on the housing base.

[0123] The central control unit reads the output voltage of the Hall sensor through a high-frequency ADC channel. Only when Within the preset fully closed voltage range When the gap between the cover plate and the base is less than 0.5mm, the MCU sends a high-level signal to the enable terminal of the UVC-LED driver circuit.

[0124] To create dual safety redundancy and prevent safety failures caused by software crashes, the Hall sensor's output signal also directly controls the gate of the high-power P-MOSFET in the LED power supply circuit via a hardware comparator circuit. This means that even if an error occurs in the MCU software logic, as long as the cover is physically opened, the decrease in magnetic field strength will prevent further damage. Drifting means that the hardware circuit will physically cut off the LED power supply circuit within microseconds, reducing the risk of leakage of deep ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 260-280nm to below the safety standard.

[0125] The trace amounts of blood remaining on waste or the inner walls of equipment, especially those with high glucose concentrations, become an excellent culture medium for common nosocomial infection bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. A high-glucose environment not only provides ample carbon for bacterial division but also induces bacteria to secrete extracellular polysaccharide matrix to form biofilms, significantly increasing their tolerance to ultraviolet radiation and dry environments. Therefore, the disinfection dosage must be dynamically adjusted according to blood glucose concentration.

[0126] The central control unit extracts the real-time blood glucose value obtained in step S3. As a risk factor for biological burden, it is substituted into a pre-set dynamic dose calculation model. This model outputs two control variables: duration of ultraviolet radiation exposure. (Unit: seconds) and LED drive pulse frequency (Unit: Hertz)

[0127] when At a concentration of mmol / L, the system determines the risk level to be basic. At this point, the standard disinfection procedure is executed: Set to 60 seconds, with constant current drive (or high duty cycle PWM, such as 90%), to ensure stable light power density (>10mW / cm²) of UVC-LED output, achieving a kill rate of Log 4 level for surface free bacteria.

[0128] when When the concentration reaches mmol / L, the system determines it to be high-risk. The MCU automatically triggers enhanced disinfection logic.

[0129] First, the duration of irradiation Extended according to the following nonlinear gain formula: ; in, The base duration is 60 seconds; The reference threshold is 11.1 mmol / L; This is the time extension factor, in units of... The value is 0.8. For example, if the measured blood glucose level is 21.1 mmol / L, the disinfection time will be automatically extended to [a later value]. Seconds. The design of the squared term reflects the biological characteristic that bacterial proliferation rate increases non-linearly with substrate concentration.

[0130] Secondly, driving frequency Synchronous adjustment. The MCU switches the drive signal to a high-frequency pulse mode with a frequency of 10kHz and a duty cycle of 70%. In this mode, the peak drive current is allowed to momentarily overload to 150% of the rated current. The photomechanical shock effect generated by the high-frequency, high-energy light pulse can effectively penetrate the initial biofilm structure that may form rapidly in a high-sugar environment, destroy the DNA repair enzyme system of the underlying bacteria (such as photoreactivation enzymes), and prevent the selection and colonization of drug-resistant strains.

[0131] Step 6: Digital construction and value mining of perioperative metabolic records.

[0132] The central control unit drives the onboard high-capacity serial Flash memory (capacity no less than 64 Mbit) to construct a first-in-first-out (FIFO) circular record stack. Each record contains a complete data vector. : ; in, To record the serial number; For RTC timestamps accurate to the second; This is a blood glucose measurement value; Encode the clinical status label (e.g., 0x01 represents preoperative fasting, 0x02 represents postoperative enteral nutrition). Code for the graded assessment results; These are environmental temperature and humidity parameters; It is a check hash value generated based on the SHA-256 algorithm, used to ensure the integrity and tamper-proof nature of data during storage and transmission.

[0133] To protect patient privacy, all data is processed by an AES-128 hardware encryption engine before being written to Flash. The system is designed to store at least 90 days of high-frequency monitoring data (covering the entire perioperative and recovery period).

[0134] To assist doctors in assessing the degree of postoperative insulin resistance and the risk of brittle diabetes, the system automatically calculates the key statistic of blood glucose variation during background idle time tasks.

[0135] The system extracts all valid blood glucose readings from the past 7 days to form a set. .

[0136] First, calculate the arithmetic mean. :

[0137] ;in, This represents the number of data collected by the system within the most recent 7-day time window. One valid blood glucose reading, This represents the total number of valid blood glucose readings in the set.

[0138] Next, calculate the sample standard deviation. : ;

[0139] Finally, the dimensionless coefficient of variation was obtained. : .

[0140] The system will calculate The value was compared with the preset clinical threshold (36%). If The system marks this period as a high or even extremely high blood glucose fluctuation period in the generated follow-up visit auxiliary report. This indicator is of great guiding significance for surgeons: a high CV value often indicates a temporal and spatial mismatch between the current nutritional support plan (such as inconsistent enteral nutrition drip rate) and the insulin administration plan (such as mismatch in subcutaneous injection frequency), which needs to be adjusted in time to avoid delayed wound healing or infection.

[0141] The system also calculates the percentage of time a patient's blood glucose level falls within the dynamic target range described in step S4 (e.g., the postoperative recommended range of 7.8-10.0 mmol / L). This indicator (Time In Range, TIR) is obtained by integrating the entire day's blood glucose curve using linear interpolation. Compared to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) alone, TIR more sensitively reflects the quality of short-term postoperative blood glucose control. The system automatically generates a trend graph of TIR changes over postoperative days. If TIR shows a steady upward trend, the system will generate an evaluation conclusion of improved metabolic adaptation, assisting doctors in determining whether the patient can transition from intensive care to a general ward or from an insulin pump to oral hypoglycemic agents.

[0142] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method, characterized in that, The method is applied to an integrated home blood glucose monitoring smart workstation, which integrates a central control unit, a smart voice module, an automatic blood collection and disinfection device, and an ultraviolet antibacterial chamber; the method includes the following steps: Step S1: In response to the user's monitoring start command, the central control unit calls the preset voice guidance library and plays standardized operation guidance through the intelligent voice module; Step S2: Control the automatic blood collection and disinfection device to perform aseptic sampling process, sequentially locate the fingertip, perform quantitative alcohol spray disinfection, automatically puncture and collect blood, and transport the blood sample to the detection unit; Step S3: Obtain the real-time blood glucose value output by the detection unit and read the user's current status label parameters; Step S4: Based on the status label parameters, call the corresponding data comparison and analysis model to process the real-time blood glucose value and generate a numerical status classification result; Step S5: The intelligent voice module broadcasts the numerical status classification results and simultaneously activates the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber to perform short-term irradiation antibacterial treatment on the inside of the workstation; wherein, the antibacterial treatment adopts a dynamic control strategy based on the detection numerical feedback: the central control unit automatically adjusts the irradiation duration or pulse frequency of the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber according to the real-time blood glucose value, and automatically increases the irradiation dose when the real-time blood glucose value rises. Step S6: Store the real-time blood glucose value and the value status classification result into the database to construct a time-series blood glucose monitoring database.

2. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the aseptic sampling process specifically includes: Infrared sensors are used to confirm that a finger has been inserted into the blood collection point; Activate the micro-mist nozzle to spray a measured amount of alcohol onto the fingertip and wait for the preset evaporation time; The built-in blood collection needle is driven to complete instantaneous blood collection at a preset depth; During step S2, the micro-negative pressure aspiration system is kept on throughout to prevent aerosol diffusion.

3. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the step of calling the corresponding data comparison and analysis model to process the real-time blood glucose value specifically includes: Identify whether the status label parameter belongs to a first preset category; If so, then load the first abnormality judgment threshold, which includes: fasting value greater than or equal to 6.9 mmol / L, or random value greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / L; The real-time blood glucose value is compared with the first abnormality detection threshold; If the real-time blood glucose value exceeds the first abnormality determination threshold, a first abnormality flag is generated, and an associated warning signal is output.

4. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method also includes dynamic monitoring logic for different dietary states: If the status label parameter shows a first intake state, then the first control target range of 6.0 to 8.0 mmol / L is retrieved; If the status label parameter shows a second intake status, then the second control target range of 7.8 to 10.0 mmol / L is retrieved; When the real-time blood glucose value deviates from the corresponding control target range, the intelligent voice module broadcasts preset operation guidance information corresponding to the direction of deviation.

5. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 also includes a multi-parameter correlation analysis step: When the real-time blood glucose value is lower than the lower limit safety threshold of 3.9 mmol / L, an emergency intervention prompt is generated, and preset intake compensation guidance content is played via voice. When the real-time blood glucose value continues to be higher than the upper limit threshold, the system automatically calls the electrolyte correlation analysis logic and outputs interactive information prompting the user to pay attention to abdominal signs and muscle status in order to monitor postoperative recovery indicators.

6. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, constructing the time-series blood glucose monitoring database specifically includes: Stores nearly three months of continuous monitoring data; Calculate the numerical coefficient of variation and the time percentage within the target range; A data statistics report is generated based on the calculation results. The data statistics report includes a numerical fluctuation trend chart and stability evaluation indicators.

7. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the activation of the ultraviolet antibacterial chamber to perform short-term irradiation antibacterial treatment on the inside of the workstation also includes a safety interlock step: Check whether the cover of the workstation is closed; In the closed state, a UVC-LED light source with a wavelength of 260 to 280 nm is activated; If the cover is detected to be open during the process, the power supply to the UVC-LED light source shall be immediately cut off.

8. The multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, before the processing is performed, the central control unit first performs a monitoring logic adaptive matching step based on the status label parameters. The matching steps specifically include: When the status label parameter is identified as a continuous nutritional support status, the central control unit automatically disables the basic fasting alarm logic and loads a tolerance-based dynamic control model: the warning threshold range is shifted to 7.8 to 10.0 mmol / L, and real-time tracking of the coefficient of variation is initiated. An abnormal prompt is only triggered when the monitored value exceeds the range and the coefficient of variation is greater than the preset stable value. When the status tag parameter is identified as an external drug delivery method switching state, the central control unit automatically locks a high-frequency monitoring window with a duration of 2 hours; within the window, the system increases the sampling frequency to once every 30 minutes and calculates the first derivative of the rate of decrease of two adjacent values ​​in real time; if the rate of decrease exceeds the safe decay threshold, a control command to stop the external drug delivery device is immediately issued through the intelligent voice module or communication interface.

9. A multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the dynamic control strategy specifically includes: The central control unit extracts the real-time blood glucose value obtained in step S3 and uses it as a biological load factor to substitute into the preset control model. If the real-time blood glucose value is in the first range of 3.9 to 6.1 mmol / L, the central control unit controls the UVC-LED light source to perform the operation for the standard duration; If the real-time blood glucose value exceeds 11.1 mmol / L, the central control unit determines that the puncture component of the automatic blood collection and disinfection device has a high risk of microbial proliferation. The system automatically generates enhancement commands to control the UVC-LED light source to extend the irradiation time. The extended duration is proportional to the extent to which the real-time blood glucose value exceeds the limit. Simultaneously, the pulse frequency of the UVC-LED light source is increased to block the microbial proliferation pathway in a high-sugar environment.

10. A multifunctional intelligent blood glucose monitoring system, characterized in that, The system comprising the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method is: The rigid protective shell has an internal antibacterial compartment structure; The main control module is used to run the data comparison and analysis model and coordinate the work of each component; The interactive module includes a voice broadcast unit and a display unit; The integrated sampling and testing module integrates an alcohol sprayer, an automatic ejector blood collection needle, and a blood glucose analysis circuit. The disinfection and maintenance module includes a UVC-LED array and a safety interlock switch installed inside the housing; The data storage module is used to record a time-series blood glucose monitoring database.

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