Liquid guide body, preparation method thereof and liquid heating device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of liquid guiding materials, in particular to a liquid guiding body, a preparation method thereof and a liquid heating device. The liquid guiding body comprises a core body, the core body comprises a plurality of yarns arranged in a bunchy mode, and a first hole is formed between every two adjacent yarns. The liquid guide body further comprises a sheath layer, the sheath layer contains porous cloth, and the porous cloth contains second pores. The sheath layer wraps the periphery of the core body to form a core-sheath structure, and the first average pore size of the cross section of the first pore is larger than the second average pore size of the second pore. The aperture of the core body and the aperture of the sheath layer are in gradient fit, the first pores are formed between the adjacent yarns in the core body, the aperture of the cross section is large, and the liquid storage capacity and the longitudinal liquid guide speed are improved. The sheath layer contains the porous cloth, the aperture is small, liquid can be absorbed through capillary acting force, and the liquid can be temporarily stored. And the interface between the two is beneficial to directional drainage. The liquid guiding body provided by the invention has the effects of high liquid storage, high liquid guiding and continuous, stable and uniform external liquid supply, and has a relatively long service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of liquid-conducting materials technology, and in particular to liquid-conducting materials and their preparation methods, and liquid heating devices. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid heating devices can vaporize liquids into a mist, which users can inhale. The liquid guide is a key component, which can temporarily store the liquid to be vaporized and stably and continuously deliver it to the heating element for vaporization.

[0003] Existing technologies often use fabrics made of various fibers as liquid conductors, but these often have some drawbacks, making it difficult to balance liquid storage performance, liquid conduction performance, and service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a liquid conductor and its preparation method, as well as a liquid heating device, in order to solve the problem that the liquid conductor in existing liquid heating devices is difficult to balance liquid storage performance, liquid conduction performance and service life.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides a liquid-conducting material. The liquid-conducting material includes a core containing a plurality of bundled yarns, with a first pore formed between adjacent yarns; the liquid-conducting material also includes a sheath layer containing a porous fabric with second pores. The sheath layer wraps around the outer periphery of the core, forming a core-sheath structure, and the first average pore diameter of the cross-section of the first pore is larger than the second average pore diameter of the second pore.

[0006] This application presents a core-sheath structure for liquid conduction, with the core and sheath exhibiting a gradient fit in pore size. Firstly, adjacent yarns within the core form a first pore, constituting a longitudinal liquid storage and conduction channel. This first pore has a large cross-sectional first average pore size, which is beneficial for increasing liquid storage capacity and longitudinal liquid conduction speed. Secondly, the sheath contains porous fabric, where the second average pore size of the second pore is smaller than the first average pore size. This allows for continuous liquid absorption from the core or from both ends using capillary force, uniformly dispersing the liquid throughout the sheath. It can also be used for temporary liquid storage, which can be rapidly replenished and kept wetted during vaporization. Furthermore, the interface between the core and sheath effectively promotes the directional transport of liquid from the core to the sheath. Therefore, the liquid in this application forms a three-dimensional gradient liquid supply channel consisting of high liquid storage and longitudinal liquid conduction in the core, directional liquid delivery at the interface between the core and the sheath, uniform liquid supply to the outside of the sheath, and temporary liquid storage. This synergistically achieves the effects of high liquid storage, high liquid conduction, and continuous, stable, and uniform liquid supply to the outside, resulting in a long service life.

[0007] Optionally, the first pore satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The first average pore size is 80 μm to 200 μm; (2) In the cross-section of the core, the percentage of the total area corresponding to all the first pores to the corresponding area of ​​the core is 30% to 60%; (3) The ratio of the first average aperture to the second average aperture is (2-5):1.

[0008] Optionally, the core satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The equivalent diameter of the yarn is 200 μm to 1000 μm; (2) The fineness of the yarn is 100 Tex to 800 Tex; (3) The cross-section of the yarn is at least one of the following: circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular shape; (4) The core contains 5 to 50 yarns; (5) The cross-sectional area of ​​the core is 1.5 mm. 2 ~4.0 mm 2 ; (6) The length of the core is 20 mm to 80 mm.

[0009] Optionally, the yarn comprises a plurality of fibers, and the yarn satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The yarn contains at least one of the following: natural cellulose fiber, natural protein fiber, renewable fiber, and synthetic fiber; (2) The twist of the yarn is 0 twists / meter to 30 twists / meter; (3) A single yarn contains 50 to 300 fibers.

[0010] Optionally, the porous fabric satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The second average pore size is 20 μm to 80 μm; (2) The porosity of the porous fabric is 80%–95%; (3) Porous fabrics include nonwoven fabrics; (4) The porous fabric contains at least one of the following: natural cellulose fiber, natural protein fiber, renewable fiber, synthetic fiber, ceramic fiber, and glass fiber; (5) The thickness of the porous fabric is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and the basis weight is 30 gsm to 200 gsm; (6) The surface texture of porous fabric includes at least one of plain weave, pearl weave, S-weave, and mesh shape.

[0011] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a conductive liquid, comprising the following steps: Multiple yarns are bundled together to obtain the core, and the first pore is formed between adjacent yarns. Provide porous fabrics containing secondary pores; The porous fabric and the core are assembled to obtain a fluid-conducting material that is wrapped around the core by the porous fabric; The first average pore diameter of the cross-section of the first pore is greater than the second average pore diameter of the second pore.

[0012] The preparation method of this application first involves bundling multiple yarns into a core, then assembling a porous fabric into it to form a wrap-around core-sheath structure. The first pore between adjacent yarns has a larger pore size, resulting in higher liquid storage capacity and longitudinal liquid conduction velocity. The second pore of the second fabric has a smaller pore size, allowing for continuous liquid absorption to keep the sheath layer wetted, thus serving as a temporary liquid storage function and supplying liquid externally. Therefore, this preparation method offers controllable processes, produces a stable liquid-conducting structure, and achieves high liquid storage, high liquid conduction, and a continuous, stable, and uniform liquid supply, while also having a long service life.

[0013] Optionally, assembling the porous fabric and the core includes: A core-sheath structure is formed by wrapping porous fabric around the outer periphery of the core. Alternatively, the porous fabric can be processed into a hollow sleeve, and the core can be inserted into the hollow sleeve to form a core-sheath structure.

[0014] Optionally, the winding process includes helical winding, with a winding overlap rate of 10% to 50%. Alternatively, before the core is inserted into the hollow sleeve, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the core to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity of the hollow sleeve is (1.1 to 1.5):1.

[0015] Optionally, after forming the core-sheath structure, the method further includes a shaping process for the core-sheath structure, wherein the shaping process includes at least one of the following methods: (1) The core sheath structure is subjected to heat setting treatment at a temperature of 120℃~180℃ and a pressure of 0.2 MPa~0.5 MPa; (2) The core sheath structure is impregnated with adhesive and then cured; (3) Perform the first suturing treatment on the outer periphery of the core sheath structure; (4) Perform a second stitching treatment on both ends of the core sheath structure.

[0016] Optionally, the ratio of the first average aperture to the second average aperture is (2-5):1; and / or, The first average pore size is 80 μm to 200 μm; and / or, The second average pore size is 20 μm to 80 μm.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides a liquid heating device, including the liquid described above, or including the liquid prepared by the method described above.

[0018] The liquid heating device of this application includes the aforementioned conductive liquid, which has excellent liquid storage, liquid conduction, and liquid supply performance. Therefore, during the vaporization process, the conductive liquid can continuously and uniformly supply liquid matrix to the heating element, reducing the occurrence of dry burning, local insufficient liquid supply, and other phenomena. It can adapt to various heating modes such as continuous heating and intermittent heating, improve the stability and safety of the vaporization process, enhance the user experience of using the liquid heating device, and extend the overall service life of the liquid heating device. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid-conducting structure in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the liquid-conducting structure in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid-conducting outer periphery with an electric heating wire in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid-conducting heating device in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0021] Figure label: 1-Core; 11-Yarn; 12-First pore; 13-Second interface; 2-Sheath; 3-First interface; 4-Heating components; 5-Liquid storage assembly; 6-Control components; 7-Power supply components. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0023] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items.

[0025] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above processes does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0026] The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the embodiments of this application can refer not only to the specific content of each component, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components. Therefore, any scaling up or down of the content of the relevant components according to the embodiments of this application is within the scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the mass in the embodiments of this application can be a well-known unit of mass in the chemical industry, such as µg, mg, g, or kg.

[0027] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, to distinguish objects, such as substances, from one another, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, a first feature may also be referred to as a second feature, and similarly, a second feature may also be referred to as a first feature. Thus, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0028] Liquid heating devices vaporize liquids into a mist, which users inhale. The liquid conductor is a key component, temporarily storing the liquid to be vaporized and stably and continuously delivering it to the heating element for vaporization. Existing liquid conductors often use a single material, such as spunlace nonwoven fabric made from common flax, cotton, viscose, or wood pulp fibers through a hydroentangling process; some also use ceramic fibers. These materials are then processed into porous structures to give them specific liquid storage and conduction properties, thus creating the liquid conductor.

[0029] However, these materials often have some defects after molding. Low-density materials have a strong liquid storage capacity but a slow liquid conduction speed, which can easily lead to insufficient liquid supply during continuous vaporization, causing the heating element to burn dry and produce harmful substances and unpleasant taste. High-density materials have a fast liquid conduction speed but a limited liquid storage capacity, requiring frequent liquid replenishment. When the liquid in a local area is depleted, the performance deteriorates significantly, resulting in a short service life. In addition, traditional liquid conductors are generally not designed with large pore sizes to reduce leakage. Therefore, the internal pore structure in traditional liquid conductors is small, random, and uniform. The liquid mainly permeates slowly between fibers through capillary action, resulting in an uneven liquid conduction path and low efficiency. Due to the above two reasons, the liquid conductor is prone to charring due to dry burning or performance degradation due to local liquid depletion, leading to a shortened lifespan of the entire liquid heating device.

[0030] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a liquid conductor with high liquid storage performance, liquid conduction performance and service life to meet the needs of liquid heating devices and solve the technical problem of insufficient performance of existing liquid conductors.

[0031] Therefore, a first aspect of this application provides a liquid-conducting agent. The liquid-conducting agent includes a core containing multiple bundled yarns, with a first pore formed between adjacent yarns. The liquid-conducting agent also includes a sheath containing a porous fabric with second pores. The sheath wraps around the outer periphery of the core, forming a core-sheath structure, and the first average pore diameter of the cross-section of the first pore is larger than the second average pore diameter of the second pore. For ease of description, the direction of the liquid-conducting agent from one end of the yarn to the other is referred to as longitudinal or axial, and the direction perpendicular to it is sometimes referred to as transverse or radial. The cross-section refers to the section perpendicular to the axial direction.

[0032] The “bundled yarns” mentioned above refers to the spatial relationship between yarns and other yarns. That is, each yarn can be regarded as a line segment, and the spatial positions of all line segments are relatively concentrated. The positions of one end are close, the positions of the other end are also close, and the trend of the line segments in the middle is also close.

[0033] The phrase "between adjacent yarns" in the above text refers to the relationship between each yarn and several adjacent yarns. (See reference...) Figure 2 The first aperture 12 region is formed by multiple yarns 11 surrounding the first region 12, which are "between adjacent yarns".

[0034] In this embodiment, the liquid-conducting structure is a core-sheath structure, with the core and sheath having a gradient fit in pore size. Firstly, a first pore is formed between adjacent yarns in the core, constituting a longitudinal liquid storage and conduction channel. This first pore has a large cross-sectional first average pore size, which is beneficial for increasing the liquid storage capacity and longitudinal liquid conduction speed. Secondly, the sheath contains porous fabric, where the second average pore size of the second pore is smaller than the first average pore size. This allows for continuous liquid absorption from the core or from both ends using capillary force, and the liquid is evenly diffused throughout the sheath, ensuring uniform liquid distribution. It can also be used for temporary liquid storage, allowing for rapid replenishment and maintenance of sheath wetting while the temporarily stored liquid is vaporized. Furthermore, the interface between the core and sheath effectively promotes the directional transport of liquid from the core to the sheath. Therefore, in the embodiment of this application, a three-dimensional gradient liquid supply channel is formed in the liquid channel, which consists of high liquid storage and longitudinal liquid conduction of the core, directional liquid delivery at the interface between the core and the sheath, uniform liquid supply to the outside of the sheath, and temporary liquid storage. This synergistically achieves the effects of high liquid storage, high liquid conduction, and continuous, stable, and uniform liquid supply to the outside, resulting in a long service life.

[0035] In this liquid-conducting system, the relationship between the first pore between adjacent yarns in the core and the second pore of the porous fabric in the sheath can be illustrated by the following analogy: Analogous to the relationship between a hard drive and memory in a computer, the core is like the hard drive, responsible for large-capacity liquid storage and longitudinal transport, while the sheath is like memory, using its microporous structure to achieve rapid distribution and uniform diffusion of the liquid, continuously absorbing liquid from the storage space and supplying it externally, maintaining stable system operation. Another analogy is that of the relationship between main roads and branch roads in a transportation network. The core is like the main road, undertaking the rapid longitudinal transport of large amounts of liquid, while the sheath is like a dense network of branch roads, efficiently diverting the liquid from the main road to various areas, achieving full coverage and continuous, stable, and uniform supply. Yet another analogy is that of the relationship between the main stream and tributaries in a water system. The core is like the main stream, carrying the long-distance transport of large volumes of liquid, while the sheath is like a crisscrossing network of tributaries, finely diverting the liquid to the terminal areas, achieving large-scale uniform wetting and continuous replenishment.

[0036] The key to the technical solution of this application lies in the gradient matching of the pore sizes of the first and second pores. Therefore, the relationship between their pore sizes directly affects various properties of the liquid-conducting system. Since the first pore is formed between adjacent yarns and its spatial shape is columnar (strip-like), while the second pore is a network of holes in the porous fabric, exhibiting an irregular mesh distribution, there are significant differences in their structural morphology and spatial scale. For ease of quantitative comparison, a cross-section of the first pore is taken, which is often irregularly shaped, and its first average pore size can be calculated mathematically. Since there are multiple first pores in the core, the first average pore size of all first pores can be further calculated mathematically. The second average pore size of the second pore can be determined by methods such as low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The first average pore size should be larger than the second average pore size to create a spontaneous permeation driving force from the core to the sheath, enabling efficient directional transport of the liquid under capillary action.

[0037] In some embodiments, the ratio of the first average pore size to the second average pore size is (2-5):1. In exemplary cases, it may include, but is not limited to, any ratio of 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 or any range between two ratios. These pore size ratios are beneficial for the core and sheath to construct a three-dimensional gradient infusion channel, which significantly improves the liquid storage capacity, infusion efficiency and supply capacity of the infusion fluid, and allows the liquid vaporized on the surface of the infusion fluid to be replenished in time, thus extending the service life of the infusion fluid.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first average pore size is 80 μm to 200 μm, and may include, but is not limited to, any value or a range between any two values ​​of 80 μm, 110 μm, 140 μm, 170 μm, and 200 μm. These relatively large first average pore sizes allow for the storage of a large amount of liquid in the first pores, and the liquid can flow freely longitudinally within the first pores, exhibiting high flow rate and liquid conductivity. This liquid flow is primarily guided by external forces, such as gravity and external suction, which is clearly different from capillary flow in smaller pores. Capillary flow is mainly determined by factors such as liquid surface tension and the wettability (contact angle) between the liquid and the pore walls.

[0039] In some embodiments, in the cross-section of the core, the percentage of the total area corresponding to all first pores to the corresponding area of ​​the core is 30% to 60%, including but not limited to any value or any two of 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%. This area percentage reflects the density of the liquid-conducting pathways and the proportion of the liquid-conducting space in the core, reflecting the density of the yarn packing. If the percentage is too low, it will affect the liquid storage capacity and liquid transfer efficiency; if the percentage is too high, it may lead to a decrease in the structural strength of the core. The above percentage range is conducive to the formation of a larger liquid-conducting space and longitudinal liquid-conducting channels in the first pores, while also taking into account the mechanical stability of the entire core. It can further work with the sheath layer to achieve rapid wetting and continuous replenishment, improve the overall liquid storage capacity, liquid conduction efficiency, and liquid supply capacity, and extend the service life.

[0040] In some embodiments, the second average pore size is 20 μm to 80 μm, and may include, but is not limited to, any value or any range between two of 20 μm, 40 μm, 60 μm, and 80 μm. These second average pore sizes facilitate the formation of numerous capillary channels within the porous fabric, allowing for continuous liquid input via capillary force, followed by liquid diffusion within the sheath layer. This also ensures a stable external liquid supply, effectively reducing localized drying. If the pore size is too large, leakage of the liquid may occur.

[0041] In addition to the relationship between the first average aperture and the second average aperture mentioned above, other relevant content about the core and sheath will be described in turn below.

[0042] Regarding the core, in this embodiment, the yarns in the liquid-conducting structure are arranged in a bundle, which can be understood as a parallel and stacked configuration. This structure is beneficial for the yarns to jointly form a core with a certain strength, while the first pores formed between adjacent yarns remain longitudinally connected, providing a high liquid storage capacity and longitudinal liquid conduction speed. The liquid can flow longitudinally, which is beneficial for subsequent liquid distribution. However, when the yarns are arranged in a twisted (spiral, braided) or similar structure, the pores between the yarns are easily compressed and deformed, resulting in limited liquid conduction channels. Furthermore, the interfacial bonding state between the core and the sheath layer is also affected, thus impacting the efficient transfer of liquid from the core to the sheath layer.

[0043] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the yarn can be at least one of circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular shapes. The cross-sectional shapes of the yarns can be the same or different, and circular cross-sections are optional. Circular cross-section yarns are relatively common, and the shapes of the first pores formed between adjacent yarns are more similar, which is beneficial for forming uniform liquid guiding channels and liquid storage spaces, improving the stability and consistency of liquid storage and transmission. The cross-section of the core formed by these yarns can also include, but is not limited to, at least one of circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular shapes, and circular cross-sections are optional.

[0044] In some embodiments, the equivalent diameter of the yarn can be from 200 μm to 1000 μm, including but not limited to any value or any two values ​​of 200 μm, 400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, and 1000 μm. Yarns with these equivalent diameters are beneficial for forming suitable first pore structures, serving as longitudinal liquid-conducting pathways and storage spaces, significantly improving the liquid storage capacity, liquid-conducting efficiency, and liquid-supply capacity, extending service life, while also ensuring the mechanical strength of the core. In some embodiments, the fineness of the yarn is from 100 Tex to 800 Tex, including but not limited to any value or any two values ​​of 100 Tex, 300 Tex, 500 Tex, and 800 Tex. Tex is a unit of yarn linear density, defined as the mass per 1000 meters of length, expressed in grams. At a given length, the fineness reflects the thickness of the yarn and its fiber content. Yarns with these finenesses have suitable diameters and fiber contents, which is beneficial for achieving the aforementioned properties.

[0045] In some embodiments, the core may contain 5 to 50 yarns. Too few yarns will make it difficult to form an effective liquid storage space and liquid conduction pathway, and the structural strength will also be insufficient; too many yarns will lead to waste in the central area of ​​the core. Within this range, the core can maintain good mechanical stability, liquid storage performance, and longitudinal liquid conduction performance, while also adhering closely to the sheath layer, promoting uniform diffusion of liquid from the core to the sheath layer, improving wetting speed and continuous liquid supply capacity, and extending the service life of the liquid-conducting layer.

[0046] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the core may be 1.5 mm. 2 ~4.0 mm 2 It can be, but is not limited to, 1.5 mm. 2 2.0 mm 2 3.0 mm 2 3.5 mm 2 4.0 mm 2 The range of any value or any two values ​​in the range. This range of cross-sectional area is beneficial for the core to form a suitable number of first pores while having sufficient structural strength. If the cross-sectional area of ​​the entire core is too small, it is easy to lead to insufficient liquid storage capacity and affect structural strength; if the cross-sectional area is too large, it is easy to lead to only the first pores near the outer periphery of the core being able to effectively participate in liquid conduction, while the pores in the central region are too far away to play a role, resulting in waste.

[0047] You can refer to this. Figure 2Here, the "cross-sectional area of ​​the core" should include the area of ​​the outline formed by the gaps between the outermost adjacent yarns 11. For example, if multiple yarns 11 are bundled together, it is expected to form a cylindrical core 1, and the outer outline of its cross-section is expected to be circular. However, because the yarns 11 have a certain shape and there are gaps between them, the outer outline of the core 1's cross-section is actually an irregular shape rather than a circle. The area between this irregular shape and the circular outline (i.e., the cross-sectional area of ​​the core 1) is... Figure 2 The second interface region 13 in the core is still considered as the cross-sectional area of ​​the core.

[0048] In some embodiments, the length of the core is 20 mm to 80 mm, and may include, but is not limited to, any value or a range between any two of 20 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, and 80 mm. These lengths can meet the requirements for the longitudinal transmission distance of liquid within the core and are more in line with the requirements of actual application scenarios for the size of the liquid guide.

[0049] In some embodiments, the yarn may contain several fibers, such as at least one of natural cellulose fibers, natural protein fibers, renewable fibers, and synthetic fibers, specifically including at least one of hydrophilic fibers such as cotton fibers, linen fibers, viscose fibers, lyocell fibers, cuprammonium fibers, and soybean protein fibers. These fibers facilitate rapid absorption of liquids, allowing the liquid to diffuse along the yarn axis and within the first pores, enhancing the hydrophilic properties and longitudinal liquid conduction properties of the core; simultaneously, these fibers also possess a certain mechanical strength, improving the structural stability of the yarn and core; finally, these fibers are environmentally friendly, reducing liquid contamination during liquid storage and conduction.

[0050] In some embodiments, a single yarn may contain 50 to 300 fibers. Too few fibers can lead to insufficient mechanical properties and a smaller yarn diameter, making it difficult to form a sufficiently large first pore between adjacent yarns, thus affecting liquid storage and longitudinal liquid conduction performance. Too many fibers can result in excessively thick yarns. Yarns formed with fibers within this range are beneficial for further improving the liquid storage capacity, liquid conduction efficiency, and liquid supply capacity, thereby extending service life.

[0051] In some embodiments, the yarn contains a plurality of fibers, and the yarn twist is 0 twists / meter to 30 twists / meter, including but not limited to any value or a range between any two of 0 twists / meter (untwisted), 5 twists / meter, 10 twists / meter, 20 twists / meter, and 30 twists / meter. Twist reflects the arrangement of multiple fibers in the yarn; the lower the twist, the straighter the fibers, and the higher the twist, the more spirally the fibers are wound. Untwisted or low-twist states facilitate the formation of small, continuous longitudinal channels between adjacent fibers, giving the yarn itself a small amount of liquid storage and conduction properties. Combined with the liquid storage and conduction properties of the first pore, this further improves the overall liquid storage capacity, conduction efficiency, and supply capacity, extending the service life.

[0052] Regarding the sheath layer, it covers the outer periphery of the core, serving a constraining and protective function. The sheath layer contains porous fabric with a certain porosity, allowing it to be wetted by liquid, temporarily storing the liquid, and then supplying the liquid from the conductive liquid to the heating element for vaporization. Simultaneously, the second average pore size of the second pores in the porous fabric is small, allowing it to exert capillary action during operation, drawing liquid from both sides of the conductive liquid or from within the core. This not only wets the sheath layer but also provides a continuous and stable supply of liquid to the outside. Therefore, the smaller second average pore size further enhances the aforementioned effects of temporary liquid storage and external liquid supply.

[0053] In some embodiments, the porosity of the porous fabric can be 80% to 95%, including but not limited to any value or any two of 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95%. Porous fabrics with these porosities are beneficial for achieving efficient temporary storage and external liquid supply while maintaining structural strength. In some embodiments, the surface texture of the porous fabric includes at least one of plain weave, pearl weave, S-shape, and mesh shape. Different surface textures can affect the spreading direction and speed of liquid in the sheath layer. Plain weave structures are uniform and dense, which is conducive to stable liquid transport along a specific direction; pearl weave surfaces are uneven and orderly, which can increase the wetting area and improve temporary liquid storage efficiency; S-shapes guide multi-directional diffusion of liquid through their wavy grooves, enhancing spreading uniformity; mesh shapes have through-holes, significantly enhancing capillary absorption speed and air permeability.

[0054] In some embodiments, the porous fabric contains at least one of natural cellulose fibers, natural protein fibers, renewable fibers, synthetic fibers, ceramic fibers, and glass fibers. The porous fabric formed by these fibers facilitates rapid liquid absorption and uniform diffusion within the sheath layer, improving temporary liquid storage, wetting speed, and external liquid supply effectiveness. In some embodiments, the porous fabric includes a nonwoven fabric. Compared to woven fabrics, the fibers in nonwoven fabrics are randomly entangled, with small differences in longitudinal and transverse properties, exhibiting isotropic characteristics and forming a disordered porous structure, which is beneficial for uniform and rapid liquid absorption. Nonwoven fabrics can be prepared using processes such as hydroentangling, meltblowing, and needle punching.

[0055] In some embodiments, the thickness of the porous fabric can be from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, including but not limited to any value or any two of 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.5 mm. Porous fabrics of these thicknesses provide suitable temporary liquid storage space and external liquid supply efficiency. If the thickness is too thin, the temporary liquid storage space may be insufficient, resulting in limited external liquid supply efficiency; if the thickness is too thick, it will increase the distance for liquid absorption and uniform wetting from the core to the sheath, increasing the liquid conduction resistance and also affecting the external liquid supply efficiency. At the above thicknesses, the basis weight of the porous fabric can be from 30 gsm to 200 gsm, including but not limited to any value or any two of 30 gsm, 50 gsm, 80 gsm, 100 gsm, and 200 gsm. The basis weight at a certain thickness reflects the fiber content in the porous fabric, indicating the density and pore distribution between the fibers. The porous fabric with the aforementioned thickness and weight range is beneficial for the sheath layer to simultaneously provide temporary liquid storage space, wettability within the sheath layer, and external liquid supply efficiency.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the interface between the core 1 and the sheath 2 includes a first interface 3 where the core and the inner wall of the sheath directly contact each other. Because the yarn 11 has a certain shape, a third pore is formed between adjacent yarns 11 and the inner wall of the sheath 2; this pore is the second interface 13. The first interface 3 and the second interface 13 together constitute the interface between the core 1 and the sheath 2. This interface serves as a transfer channel for the sheath 2 to absorb liquid from the core 1, undertaking the capillary absorption of liquid transfer from the core 1 to the sheath 2. Especially when the vaporization rate increases and the sheath 2's external liquid supply demand increases, the porous structure of this interface can effectively enhance capillary force, accelerate the replenishment speed of liquid from the core 1 to the sheath 2, and keep the sheath 2 continuously wetted.

[0057] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a conductive liquid. The preparation method includes the following steps S10 to S30: S10: Bundle multiple yarns together to obtain a core, and form the first pore between adjacent yarns; S20: Provides a porous fabric containing a second pore; S30: Assemble the porous fabric and the core to obtain a fluid-conducting material wrapped around the core by the porous fabric; The first average pore diameter of the cross-section of the first pore is greater than the second average pore diameter of the second pore.

[0058] The preparation method of this application first involves bundling multiple yarns into a core, then assembling a porous fabric into it to form a wrap-around core-sheath structure. The first pore between adjacent yarns has a larger pore size, resulting in higher liquid storage capacity and longitudinal liquid conduction velocity. The second pore of the second fabric has a smaller pore size, allowing for continuous liquid absorption to keep the sheath layer wet, thus serving as a temporary liquid storage function and supplying liquid externally. Therefore, this preparation method is process-controllable, produces a stable liquid-conducting structure, and achieves high liquid storage, high liquid conduction, and continuous, stable, and uniform liquid supply, while also having a long service life.

[0059] Step S10 is the core preparation step. The relevant parameters of the yarn, the parameters of the fibers contained in the yarn, the gap control parameters of the first pore between adjacent yarns, and the shape of the core in this step can all refer to the relevant descriptions in the first aspect embodiment of the liquid guide described above. The yarn may contain multiple fibers, and the raw materials of these fibers can have a certain twist and be firmly bonded together. Before preparing the yarn in the core, it can be untwisted in time, so that these fibers form the aforementioned untwisted or low-twisted single yarn. Multiple yarns can be stacked side by side in parallel to form a bundle. These yarns can have a certain twist and be firmly bonded together. Before assembling the core with the porous fabric, it can be untwisted in time to form a bundle and assemble it to prevent the yarn in the obtained core from scattering. In the example, the yarn or the formed core can be cleaned, such as by using an electrostatic eliminator or a cleaning roller, to remove surface dust and other impurities.

[0060] In step S20, the material type, porosity, thickness, and other parameters of the porous fabric can be referred to the description in the liquid guiding section of the first aspect embodiment above. Furthermore, the second average pore diameter of the second pore in the porous fabric needs to be smaller than the first average pore diameter. In the example, the ratio of the first average pore diameter to the second average pore diameter is (2-5):1. This design is beneficial for the subsequently produced liquid guiding section to have the effects of high liquid storage, high liquid conductivity, continuous, stable, and uniform external liquid supply, and also has a long service life.

[0061] In step S30, assembling the porous fabric and the core can be done in two ways: step S31 or step S32.

[0062] S31: A porous fabric is wound around the outer periphery of the core to form a core-sheath structure; or, S32: The porous fabric is processed into a hollow sleeve, and the core is inserted into the hollow sleeve to form a core-sheath structure.

[0063] The winding method in step S31 can be either helical winding or flat winding. Flat winding requires the ends to be as close together as possible to avoid gaps affecting the fluid-conducting performance; this method is more difficult. Therefore, helical winding can be used to ensure the formed sheath layer tightly and uniformly winds the core. In the example, the core is fed at a certain speed, and then, through a guide wheel system, the porous fabric is helically wound around the advancing core at a certain acute angle (e.g., 30°–60°). During the process, the winding pitch and overlap rate can be precisely adjusted by precisely controlling the core's feed speed and the porous fabric's unwinding speed. The winding overlap rate can be 10%–50%, maintaining tightness and consistency in the winding process, allowing the core and the wound porous fabric to form a core-sheath structure, i.e., a fluid-conducting structure.

[0064] In some embodiments, after the winding process in step S31, a shaping process is further included to further enhance the bonding strength between the core and the sheath layer interface, improve the structural stability of the resulting liquid-conducting material, and enhance its liquid storage and conduction performance. The shaping process includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following methods: heat setting, chemical curing, and stitching.

[0065] In some embodiments, the heat-setting process of the core-sheath structure can be performed by heating and rolling in a hot air oven, or directly using a pair of hot rollers. By applying a certain temperature, the fiber portion of the porous fabric surface layer softens or melts, forming an adhesive at the contact interface with the core, thereby achieving permanent fixation of the structure. In an exemplary example, heat-setting can be performed using a pair of hot rollers at a temperature of 120°C to 180°C and a pressure of 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0066] In some embodiments, chemical curing can be achieved using an adhesive. The core-sheath structure can be impregnated with the adhesive and then cured, thereby enhancing the bonding strength between the core and the interface between the core and sheath layers. Optionally, the adhesive can be formulated as a low-concentration solution to reduce the risk of excessive pore blockage during curing. In an exemplary embodiment, a small amount of adhesive (e.g., aqueous acrylic resin) can be formulated into an adhesive solution and placed in an impregnation tank. The core-sheath structure is then passed through this tank to impregnate it with the adhesive solution, and finally cured by means of drying or ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0067] In some embodiments, the suturing process may include suturing the outer periphery or both ends of the core-sheath structure. In an exemplary embodiment, a first suturing process may be performed on the outer periphery of the core-sheath structure. The location of the first suturing process may be selected at the interface between the core and the sheath layer, physically anchoring the core and the sheath layer with sutures to prevent the sheath layer from loosening during use. In an exemplary embodiment, a second suturing process may be performed on both ends of the core-sheath structure to fix the two ends of the core to the two ends of the sheath layer. This helps to maintain the stability of the inlet and outlet of the longitudinal liquid guiding channel, enabling the core-sheath structure to perform its basic functions of liquid storage, liquid guiding, and external liquid supply.

[0068] The hollow sleeve in step S32 can be prepared using processes such as weaving or seamless needle punching. The cross-sectional area of ​​the core needs to be larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity of the hollow sleeve. This ensures that during the subsequent insertion of the core into the hollow sleeve, an inward clamping force is initially applied to the core, which helps improve the structural stability of the fluid-guiding core and sheath. In the example, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the core to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity of the hollow sleeve can be (1.1–1.5):1, and may include, but is not limited to, any ratio or any range between two of 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.4:1, and 1.5:1. The "cross-sectional area of ​​the core" here should include the contour area formed by the gap between the outermost adjacent yarns. For example, after multiple yarns are bundled together, a cylindrical core is expected to be formed, with a circular outer contour of the cross-section. However, due to the shape of the yarns and the gaps between them, the outer contour of the core's cross-section is actually an irregular shape rather than a circle. The area between this irregular shape and the circular contour is still considered as the cross-sectional area of ​​the core. In the example, the cross-section of the core is circular, and the cross-section of the hollow sleeve is also circular. The inner diameter of the hollow sleeve's cross-section is smaller than the diameter of the core's cross-section.

[0069] The core is inserted into the hollow sleeve. In the example, the core can be forcibly inserted into the hollow sleeve by a yarn guiding device. Due to the difference in cross-sectional area, the hollow sleeve will exert a radial clamping force on the core after insertion, which is beneficial for a tight bond between the two.

[0070] In some embodiments, after inserting the hollow sleeve, the process further includes a shaping process for the core-sheath structure. The shaping process may include, but is not limited to, at least one of heat-setting, chemical curing, and sewing methods, as described in step S31 of the liquid-conducting preparation method in the second aspect embodiment above. In an exemplary example, the subsequent shaping process may involve mechanically compacting the core-sheath structure, for example, by mechanically compressing it with compression rollers. This facilitates a tighter bond between the core and sheath layer, and allows the fibers in the porous fabric to embed more deeply into the gaps of the core, strengthening the connection between the liquid-conducting paths. Similarly, the mechanically compacted core-sheath structure can be heat-set using hot air or low-pressure hot rolling, or a binder can be applied by micro-spraying followed by drying to improve the structural stability of the prepared liquid-conducting fluid, ensuring that the liquid-conducting fluid does not become loose during operation.

[0071] A third aspect of this application provides a liquid heating device. This liquid heating device includes the conductive liquid described in the above-described embodiments of this application, or includes the conductive liquid prepared by the preparation method described in the above-described embodiments of this application.

[0072] The liquid heating device of this application includes the aforementioned conductive liquid, which has excellent liquid storage, liquid conduction, and liquid supply performance. Therefore, during the vaporization process, the conductive liquid can continuously and uniformly supply liquid matrix to the heating element, reducing the occurrence of dry burning, local insufficient liquid supply, and other phenomena. It can adapt to various heating modes such as continuous heating and intermittent heating, improve the stability and safety of the vaporization process, enhance the user experience of using the liquid heating device, and extend the overall service life of the liquid heating device.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the liquid heating device, in addition to the liquid-conducting element composed of the core 1 and the sheath 2, may also include, but is not limited to, components such as the liquid storage component 5, the heating component 4, the control component 6, the power supply component 7, the exhaust channel, and the housing. The liquid-conducting element draws liquid matrix from the liquid storage component 5. The control component 6 controls the power supply component 7 to supply power to the heating component 4. The heating component 4 vaporizes the liquid matrix supplied by the liquid-conducting element, forming vaporized components. These vaporized components can be discharged through the exhaust channel for the user to inhale. The entire process is smooth and stable, highly safe, and provides a good user experience.

[0074] The following description is based on specific embodiments.

[0075] Example 1 This embodiment provides a liquid guide, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the fluid-conducting structure comprises a core 1 and a sheath 2. The core 1 is cylindrical, and the sheath 2 is sleeve-shaped, forming a core-sheath structure. The entire fluid-conducting structure is cylindrical, with a diameter of approximately 2.4 mm and a length of approximately 50 mm.

[0076] The core 1 has a diameter of approximately 1.5 mm and comprises multiple bundled yarns 11. First pores 12 are formed between adjacent yarns 11. On the cross-section of the core 1, the average diameter of the first pores 12 is 150.3 μm, and the total area of ​​all first pores 12 accounts for 43.7% of the total area of ​​the core 1. Each yarn 11 is formed by bundling and micro-twisting multiple viscose fibers. The average diameter of each fiber is 10 μm, the twist rate of each yarn 11 is 20 twists / meter, and the fineness is 300 Tex. Furthermore, the pores between the yarns 11 at the edge of the core 1 and the sheath 2 form a second interface 13, and the interface where the yarns 11 at the edge of the core 1 directly contact the sheath 2 is a first interface 3. The first interface 3 and the second interface 13 together constitute the liquid-conducting interface between the core 1 and the sheath 2.

[0077] The sheath is a porous fabric containing a second pore with an average second pore diameter of 48.5 μm. Specifically, it is a pure cotton spunlace plain weave nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 50 gsm and a thickness of 0.45 mm. The nonwoven fabric is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the core.

[0078] The preparation method includes the following steps S1 to S2: S1: First, the yarn is bundled into strands to form a core, which is then placed on an unwinding frame. A constant tension is applied and the yarn is fed smoothly through a set of guide rollers and a tension control device. Pure cotton nonwoven fabric is spirally wound around the uniformly moving core at a 45° angle to the core's direction of travel, guided by the guide roller system. During the process, the feed speed of the core and the unwinding speed of the nonwoven fabric are precisely controlled, and the winding pitch and overlap rate are accurately adjusted. The overlap rate is controlled at 30% to maintain tightness and consistency in the wrapping process. After winding, a core-sheath structure is obtained.

[0079] S2: The core-sheath structure is heat-set using a pair of hot rolling rollers at a temperature of 130°C and a pressure of 0.35 MPa. After heat setting, the core-sheath structure is cooled by cooling rollers to stabilize its shape and dimensions, and finally cut to a length of 50 mm for use as a liquid guide.

[0080] Example 2 This embodiment provides a liquid guide, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the fibers of the yarn contained in the core are replaced with pure cotton fibers, the twist in the yarn is replaced with bundled untwisted yarn (0 twists / meter), the fineness is replaced with 500 Tex, and the diameter of the fibers in the yarn is replaced with 11 μm.

[0081] The sheath is a spunlace plain weave nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 80 gsm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, composed of 50% hemp and 50% cotton.

[0082] The diameter of the entire fluid-conducting tube is 2.8 mm. Other differences are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Example 3 This embodiment provides a liquid guide, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the fibers of the yarn contained in the core are replaced with polypropylene fibers, the twist in the yarn is replaced with bundled untwisted yarn (0 twists / meter), the fineness is replaced with 500 Tex, and the fiber diameter in the yarn is replaced with 15 μm.

[0084] The sheath is made of PET spunlace plain weave nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 30 gsm and a thickness of 0.25 mm.

[0085] The diameter of the entire liquid guide is 1.8 mm, and the heat setting treatment in step S2 is changed to a hot air oven treatment, with a treatment time of 2 min and a temperature setting of 160℃. Other differences are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Example 4 This embodiment provides a liquid-conducting material. The difference between this liquid-conducting material and that of Embodiment 1 is that a different nonwoven fabric is used for the sheath layer. The thickness and basis weight remain the same, but the second average pore size of the second pore is smaller, at 22.3 μm, during the hydroentangling process of the nonwoven fabric raw material. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0087] Example 5 This embodiment provides a liquid-conducting material. The difference between this liquid-conducting material and that of Embodiment 1 is that a different nonwoven fabric is used for the sheath layer. The thickness and basis weight remain the same, but the second average pore size of the second pore is larger, reaching 78.9 μm, during the hydroentangling process of the nonwoven fabric raw material. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0088] Example 6 This embodiment provides a conductive liquid that differs from that of Embodiment 1 in that a greater radial force is applied before and during the wrapping process, resulting in a finer core and a thinner conductive liquid with a reduced overall diameter. This is primarily to further bond the yarns together and even deform them, thereby reducing the size of the first pores. In the cross-section of the core, the first average pore diameter of the first pore cross-section is reduced to 98.5 μm, and the total area corresponding to all first pores is reduced to 34.6% of the corresponding core area. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0089] Example 7 This embodiment provides a liquid guide, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the core of Embodiment 1, a small number of auxiliary yarns are also provided in the first pores between adjacent yarns. These auxiliary yarns are also made of multiple bundles of viscose fibers twisted together, with the twist remaining unchanged, but the fineness and diameter are much lower than the original yarns. These auxiliary yarns reduce the size of the first pores formed between all the original yarns and auxiliary yarns in the final core, reducing the first average pore diameter of the first pores to 81.2 μm, and the total area corresponding to all the first pores accounts for 29.8% of the corresponding area of ​​the core. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0090] Example 8 This embodiment provides a liquid guide, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the core of Embodiment 1, a small number of auxiliary yarns are also provided in the first pores between adjacent yarns. These auxiliary yarns are also composed of multiple bundles of pure cotton fibers, and are also untwisted, but their fineness and diameter are much lower than the original yarns. These auxiliary yarns reduce the size of the first pores formed between all the original yarns and auxiliary yarns in the final core, reducing the first average pore diameter of the first pores to 88.7 μm, and the total area corresponding to all the first pores accounts for 31.5% of the corresponding area of ​​the core. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0091] Example 9 This embodiment provides a liquid guide, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the core of Embodiment 1, a small number of auxiliary yarns are also provided in the first pores between adjacent yarns. These auxiliary yarns are also composed of multiple bundles of polypropylene fibers, and are also untwisted, but their fineness and diameter are much lower than the original yarns. These auxiliary yarns reduce the size of the first pores formed between all the original yarns and auxiliary yarns in the final core, reducing the first average pore diameter of the first pores to 82.4 μm, and the total area corresponding to all the first pores accounts for 27.9% of the corresponding area of ​​the core. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0092] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a liquid-conducting material that is not a core-sheath structure, but only has the core as in Example 1, without a sheath layer and without non-woven fabric wrapping.

[0093] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a conductive liquid that is not a core-sheath structure and has no core. It only has the non-woven fabric used for the sheath layer in Example 2. The non-woven fabric is rolled into a solid cylindrical cotton rod with a diameter of 2.8 mm and cut into a length of 50 mm as the conductive liquid, serving as the control group of Example 2.

[0094] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a conductive liquid that differs from Example 1 in that the core is not composed of multiple thicker yarns, but rather the single yarn in Example 1 is made thicker. The core 1 is actually formed by bundling and micro-twisting the viscose fibers from the example. The average diameter of each fiber remains 10 μm, and the twist between fibers remains 20 twists / meter. Numerous first pores are also formed between the fibers. In the cross-section of the core, the first average pore diameter of the first pores is 32.5 μm, and the total area corresponding to all the first pores accounts for 24.8% of the corresponding area of ​​the core. The first average pore diameter is smaller than the second average pore diameter of the second pores in the nonwoven fabric of the sheath layer. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0095] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a conductive liquid that differs from Example 2 in that the core is not composed of multiple thicker yarns, but rather the single yarn in Example 2 is made thicker. The core is actually formed by bundling and micro-twisting the viscose fibers from Example 2. The average diameter of each fiber remains 11 μm, and the twist between the fibers remains untwisted. Numerous first pores are also formed between the fibers. In the cross-section of the core, the first average pore diameter of the first pores is 34.1 μm, and the total area corresponding to all the first pores accounts for 27.3% of the corresponding area of ​​the core. The first average pore diameter is smaller than the second average pore diameter of the second pores in the nonwoven fabric of the sheath layer. Other parameters remain unchanged.

[0096] The differences between Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1.

[0097]

[0098] Relevant performance tests and results analysis.

[0099] 1. Detection of fluid-related parameters.

[0100] 1.1 The cross-section of the core in each case is observed by two-dimensional projection. Computer image recognition technology is used to calculate the size of the first average pore diameter of the first pore and to calculate the percentage of the total area of ​​all first pores to the corresponding area of ​​the core.

[0101] 1.2 The porous fabric in the sheath layer of each case was tested by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method, and the second average pore diameter of the second pore was calculated.

[0102] 2. Performance testing.

[0103] The test liquid is a mixture of 1,2-propanediol (PG) and glycerol (VG) at a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0104] 2.1 Liquid conduction capacity.

[0105] The test method uses t(20) to characterize the liquid flow rate. The liquid in each case is vertically suspended in the liquid, with a uniform immersion depth at one end, simulating a scenario where the liquid is drawn from one end. The time it takes for the liquid to rise to 20 mm is recorded as the wicking rate, as shown in Table 1 above. The shorter the time required for the wicking rate test, the stronger the liquid flow capability.

[0106] 2.2 Liquid storage capacity.

[0107] Liquid storage capacity was characterized using the saturated liquid absorption rate. The conductive liquid in each case was completely immersed in the test liquid for 1 minute, then removed and suspended for 2 minutes. The change in mass before and after immersion was measured, and the proportion of liquid carried per unit mass was recorded as the saturated liquid absorption rate, as shown in Table 1 above. A higher saturated liquid absorption rate indicates a stronger liquid storage capacity.

[0108] 2.3 Cyclic heating test.

[0109] The heating element was evenly wrapped around the outer periphery of the liquid conductor in each case, with both ends of the liquid conductor connected to the liquid storage component, simulating the actual working conditions of the liquid heating device. The test parameters were: 3 seconds and 55 mL of liquid were drawn in a single cycle, with a 15-second interval, and 1000 cycles of continuous heating. The liquid conductor was continuously observed, and whether dry burning (or scorching) occurred was identified by olfactory and visual observation. This method can also be used to simultaneously test the service life of the liquid conductor.

[0110] 3. Results Analysis.

[0111] In all embodiments, the fluid-conducting structure is a core-sheath structure. The first average pore size of the first pore in the core is relatively large, while the second average pore size of the porous fabric in the sheath is relatively small, forming a gradient combination. This constitutes a three-dimensional gradient fluid supply channel consisting of high fluid storage and longitudinal fluid conduction in the core, directional fluid delivery at the interface between the core and the sheath, uniform external fluid supply from the sheath, and temporary fluid storage. This synergistic effect achieves high fluid storage, high fluid conduction, and continuous, stable, and uniform external fluid supply, resulting in a long service life. Both the wicking rate test and the saturation absorption rate test results are significantly better than the comparative example.

[0112] Specifically, in Examples 1, 2, and 3, different materials were used and different core and sheath size parameters were adjusted, and the test results of various performance parameters of the liquid were all excellent.

[0113] Compared to Example 1, the second average pore size of the porous fabric used in Example 4 is significantly reduced, further enhancing capillary action within the sheath. This allows for rapid absorption of liquid from the core through the interface into the sheath, where it diffuses. Therefore, the wicking rate test results are excellent, demonstrating superior short-term liquid supply capability, making it particularly suitable for intermittent heating scenarios. However, the temporary liquid storage performance is somewhat affected, with the saturated liquid absorption rate slightly lower than that of Example 1. Under prolonged continuous heating, the temporary liquid within the sheath may be consumed too quickly.

[0114] Compared to Example 1, the second average pore size of the porous fabric used in Example 5 is significantly increased, but still significantly smaller than the first average pore size of the first pores in the core, thus maintaining the fit between the core and the sheath. The increased second average pore size weakens capillary action within the sheath, slowing the liquid diffusion rate and affecting the liquid supply rate, resulting in a slight decrease in the wicking rate test results. However, the temporary liquid storage performance is strong, with a saturated liquid absorption rate higher than that of Example 1. Under prolonged continuous heating, it can ensure continuous liquid replenishment for the system, demonstrating superior long-term liquid supply stability.

[0115] Compared to Example 1, the core in Example 6 is forcibly compressed, resulting in a smaller size of the first pore and a lower cross-sectional area ratio. The saturated liquid absorption rate test result is slightly lower than that of Example 1, and the liquid storage capacity is slightly reduced, but it can still meet the requirements in a liquid heating device.

[0116] Compared to Example 1, the core in Example 7 is embedded with auxiliary yarns, which significantly reduces the size of the first pore, significantly reduces the cross-sectional area ratio, compresses the liquid storage space, and significantly reduces the saturated liquid absorption rate.

[0117] Compared to Example 2, the core in Example 8 is embedded with auxiliary yarns, which significantly reduces the size of the first pore, significantly reduces the cross-sectional area ratio, compresses the liquid storage space, and significantly reduces the saturated liquid absorption rate.

[0118] Compared to Example 3, the core in Example 9 is embedded with auxiliary yarns, which significantly reduces the size of the first pore, significantly reduces the cross-sectional area ratio, compresses the liquid storage space, and significantly reduces the saturated liquid absorption rate.

[0119] A comparison of these cases also shows that the cross-sectional size of the first pore has a significant impact on the overall liquid storage performance of the conductive fluid.

[0120] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 lacks a sheath layer and the small-pore capillary liquid absorption structure of porous fabric. It can only rely on the pores between fibers in the yarn within the core for liquid transport, resulting in a slower liquid conduction speed and lower wicking rate test results compared to Example 1. Furthermore, due to the lack of a sheath layer's temporary liquid storage capacity, its saturated liquid absorption rate is also lower than the test results of Example 1.

[0121] Compared to Example 2, Comparative Example 2 did not have a core. Instead, the pure cotton nonwoven fabric from the sheath layer of Example 2 was directly rolled into solid cotton. Although the entire liquid-conducting system was rich in capillary channels and had excellent liquid absorption performance, it lacked the liquid storage effect of a core. The liquid retention capacity of pure cotton alone was insufficient, resulting in a low saturation liquid absorption rate.

[0122] Compared to Example 1, the core of Comparative Example 3 lacks the porous structure between yarns. Although it contains dense fibers, the first pore size of the first pore is very small, lower than the second pore size of the porous fabric in the sheath layer. Therefore, it also has a weak capillary effect. Although its liquid absorption performance is not as good as Example 1, it is worse than Comparative Example 1. However, the first pore size is too small, resulting in poor overall liquid storage performance.

[0123] Compared to Example 2, Comparative Example 4 is similar to Comparative Example 3. The core lacks the porous structure between yarns. Although it contains dense fibers, the first pore size of the first pore is very small, lower than the second pore size of the porous fabric in the sheath layer. Therefore, it also has a weak capillary effect. While its liquid absorption performance is not as good as Example 2, it is worse than Comparative Example 1. However, the small first pore size results in poor overall liquid storage performance.

[0124] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A liquid-conducting agent, characterized in that, include: Core: Contains multiple bundled yarns, with a first pore formed between adjacent yarns; Sheath layer: comprising porous fabric, wherein the porous fabric contains a second pore; The sheath wraps around the outer periphery of the core to form a core-sheath structure, and the first average pore diameter of the first pore is greater than the second average pore diameter of the second pore.

2. The liquid-conducting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pore satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The first average pore size is 80 μm to 200 μm; (2) In the cross-section of the core, the total area corresponding to all the first pores accounts for 30% to 60% of the corresponding area of ​​the core; (3) The ratio of the first average aperture to the second average aperture is (2-5):

1.

3. The liquid-conducting agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The core satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The equivalent diameter of the yarn is 200 μm to 1000 μm; (2) The fineness of the yarn is 100 Tex to 800 Tex; (3) The cross-section of the yarn is at least one of circular, elliptical, polygonal or irregular shape; (4) The core contains 5 to 50 yarns; (5) The cross-sectional area of ​​the core is 1.5 mm. 2 ~4.0 mm 2 ; (6) The length of the core is 20 mm to 80 mm.

4. The liquid-conducting agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The yarn comprises a plurality of fibers, and the yarn satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The yarn contains at least one of natural cellulose fiber, natural protein fiber, renewable fiber, and synthetic fiber; (2) The twist of the yarn is 0 twists / meter to 30 twists / meter; (3) A single yarn contains 50 to 300 fibers.

5. The liquid-conducting agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The porous fabric satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The second average pore size is 20 μm to 80 μm; (2) The porosity of the porous fabric is 80% to 95%; (3) The porous fabric includes nonwoven fabric; (4) The porous fabric contains at least one of the following: natural cellulose fiber, natural protein fiber, renewable fiber, synthetic fiber, ceramic fiber, and glass fiber; (5) The thickness of the porous fabric is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and the basis weight is 30 gsm to 200 gsm; (6) The surface texture of the porous fabric includes at least one of plain weave, pearl weave, S-shape, and mesh shape.

6. A method for preparing a conductive liquid, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Multiple yarns are bundled together to obtain a core, and a first pore is formed between adjacent yarns. A porous fabric is provided, the porous fabric containing a second pore; The porous fabric and the core are assembled to obtain a liquid-conducting material in which the porous fabric encloses the core. Wherein, the first average pore diameter of the cross-section of the first pore is greater than the second average pore diameter of the second pore.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Assembling the porous fabric and the core includes: The porous fabric is wound around the outer periphery of the core to form a core-sheath structure; Alternatively, the porous fabric can be processed into a hollow sleeve, and the core can be inserted into the hollow sleeve to form a core-sheath structure.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The winding process includes a spiral winding process, with a winding overlap rate of 10% to 50%. Alternatively, before the core is inserted into the hollow sleeve, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the core to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity of the hollow sleeve is (1.1 to 1.5):

1.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After forming the core-sheath structure, the method further includes a shaping process for the core-sheath structure, wherein the shaping process includes at least one of the following methods: (1) The core sheath structure is subjected to heat setting treatment at a temperature of 120℃~180℃ and a pressure of 0.2 MPa~0.5 MPa; (2) The core sheath structure is impregnated with an adhesive and then cured. (3) Perform a first stitching treatment on the outer periphery of the core sheath structure; (4) Perform a second stitching treatment on both ends of the core sheath structure.

10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The ratio of the first average aperture to the second average aperture is (2-5):1; and / or, The first average pore size is 80 μm to 200 μm; and / or, The second average pore size is 20 μm to 80 μm.

11. A liquid heating device, characterized in that: It includes the conductive liquid as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, or the conductive liquid prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 6 to 10.

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