Preparation method of multi-directional elastic environment-friendly cloth

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of textiles, and provides a preparation method of a multi-directional elastic environment-friendly cloth, which solves the problem that existing elastic fabrics are difficult to simultaneously consider warmth, light weight, excellent multi-directional elasticity and environmental friendliness; the method comprises the following steps: S1, raw material preparation: including warp yarn, filling-in warp yarn and weft yarn; S2, on-machine weaving: on a loom, the warp yarn, the filling-in warp yarn and the weft yarn are interwoven to form a gray cloth with a three-dimensional net-like structure; the warp yarn is sequentially interwoven with weft yarns of different layers in a periodically changing oblique path to form a surface layer and a bottom layer of the fabric; the filling-in warp yarn is constrained in a straight line state between the surface layer and the bottom layer and does not interweave with the weft yarns; S3, post-finishing: the gray cloth obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat setting treatment to obtain a multi-directional elastic environment-friendly cloth; wherein the warp yarn is a composite porous elastic fiber; the weft yarn is a PTT filament; and the filling-in warp yarn is a para-aramid filament.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most mainstream elastic fabrics on the market employ the following technical approaches: First, spandex fibers are incorporated into the weaving process to provide elasticity. However, spandex fibers have poor heat resistance and are prone to elasticity loss due to high temperatures during weaving and finishing; furthermore, their dyeing performance is poor, typically requiring complex post-processing, resulting in high energy consumption and large wastewater discharge throughout the production process. Second, polyester elastic fibers or their composite fibers are used to replace spandex. While these fibers offer improvements in heat resistance and dyeability, their elastic modulus is relatively fixed, and their functionality is limited, failing to meet the market demand for multifunctional composite elastic fabrics.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN221718004U discloses a friction-resistant, high-elasticity fabric, comprising a skin-friendly layer, an inner layer, an outer layer, and an elastic layer. Both the inner and outer layers are woven from warp and weft yarns. The warp and weft yarns of the inner layer are composed of cotton and polyester fibers twisted together, while the warp and weft yarns of the outer layer are both spandex core-spun yarns. This friction-resistant, high-elasticity fabric retains the high strength and good elastic recovery of polyester fibers, while also possessing the strong moisture absorption and quick-drying, wrinkle-free characteristics of cotton fibers. However, the outer layer's warp and weft yarns are all spandex core-spun yarns. Since spandex itself is difficult to dye, problems such as uneven coloring, color variations, and poor colorfastness can easily occur during the dyeing process. Furthermore, its low heat resistance means that excessively high temperatures or prolonged heat setting during finishing can cause the spandex to melt and lose its elasticity.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN114717717A discloses a method for manufacturing spandex-free elastic denim fabric and the denim fabric itself. The manufacturing method includes the following steps: producing synthetic fiber filaments containing polyester and acrylic fibers; using the synthetic fiber filaments as weft yarns and sized cotton fibers as warp yarns; weaving the fabric into denim; and sequentially subjecting the denim fabric to singeing, desizing, ozone treatment, washing, drying, liquid ammonia finishing, setting, and pre-shrinking to obtain spandex-free elastic denim fabric. This manufacturing method does not use core-spun yarn as raw material or spandex; instead, it uses synthetic fiber filaments containing polyester and acrylic fibers as weft yarns with a certain degree of elasticity, and cotton fibers as warp yarns. After ozone treatment, the water absorption of the cotton fibers is enhanced, making the fabric more breathable. After liquid ammonia finishing, the cotton fibers also gain elasticity. The acrylic fibers in the synthetic fiber filaments curl to form water-guiding channels, and the polyester provides a certain degree of elasticity, giving the fabric a certain degree of elasticity in both the warp and weft directions, making the fabric both breathable and slightly elastic. However, this fabric does not have good warmth retention properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric, which solves the problem that existing elastic fabrics are difficult to simultaneously achieve warmth, lightweight, excellent multi-directional elasticity and environmental friendliness.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Raw material preparation: including warp yarns, interlining warp yarns, and weft yarns;

[0009] S2. Loom weaving: On a loom, the warp yarns, interlining warp yarns, and weft yarns are interwoven to form a greige fabric with a three-dimensional mesh structure; the warp yarns interweave with the weft yarns of different layers in a periodically changing oblique path to form the surface layer and the bottom layer of the fabric; the interlining warp yarns are constrained between the surface layer and the bottom layer in a straight line and do not interweave with the weft yarns.

[0010] S3. Finishing: Heat setting treatment is performed on the fabric obtained in step S2 to obtain multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric.

[0011] The warp yarn is a composite porous elastic fiber; the weft yarn is a PTT filament; the lining warp yarn is a para-aramid filament; the composite porous elastic fiber includes the following raw materials: PLA chips, PBT chips, PBAT chips, and a foaming agent.

[0012] Furthermore, the weft yarns are arranged in at least two layers; the warp yarns are interwoven with the weft yarns in a twill weave pattern, and the path of the warp yarns presents periodic turns on the horizontal projection plane; the lining warp yarns pass through the space formed by the weft yarn layers in a straight line between adjacent warp yarns.

[0013] Furthermore, the ratio of the arrangement density of the warp yarns to the lining warp yarns is 3:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation process of the composite porous elastic fiber is as follows:

[0015] a. Raw material drying: The PLA slices, PBT slices, and PBAT slices are vacuum dried until the moisture content is less than 50 ppm;

[0016] b. Melt blend spinning: The dried PBT chips are mixed with chemical foaming agent masterbatch as component B, the dried PLA chips are used as component A, and the dried PBAT chips are used as component C. The melts of components A, B, and C are extruded through parallel composite spinnerets and cooled to obtain nascent fibers.

[0017] c. Post-processing: The nascent fibers are bundled, stretched, tensioned and heat-set, crimped, relaxed and heat-set and cut to obtain the composite porous elastic fiber. The composite porous elastic fiber has a porous structure formed by foaming and oriented along the fiber axis.

[0018] PLA (polylactic acid), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), and PBAT (polybutylene adipate / terephthalate) all belong to the polyester family in chemical nature. Their molecular chains contain a large number of ester bonds (-COO-). This gives the three components good chemical compatibility at the phase interface during melt co-extrusion. This molecular similarity ensures that the three melts can form a clear, stable, and firmly bonded phase interface when passing through the composite spinneret. This effectively avoids the phenomenon of fiber delamination and splitting during subsequent processing or use due to weak interfacial bonding.

[0019] PLA has high strength and rigidity, ensuring the fiber's fibrillation properties, spinning processability, and the crispness of the final fabric; PBT is an excellent elastic material. By adding a foaming agent to PBT, a porous structure is formed inside, which has a good air-blocking effect, can capture more still air, and improve the fabric's warmth retention; PBAT is a very soft polyester, making the fibers softer and fluffier, with a better hand feel.

[0020] By employing PLA, PBT, and PBAT in parallel composite spinning, and by cleverly utilizing the good compatibility between the materials, a new type of composite fiber that combines high elasticity, lightweight, warmth, soft feel, and environmental friendliness was successfully prepared.

[0021] The preparation process of the composite porous elastic fiber also includes the addition of color masterbatch: after the raw materials are dried in step a, the color masterbatch of the selected color is premixed with at least one of the dried PLA chips, PBT chips or PBAT chips, and then melt blending and spinning is carried out in step b.

[0022] Before spinning, the masterbatch is mixed into the polymer chips, and colored fibers are obtained directly in the fiber manufacturing process, eliminating the water-intensive and polluting process of high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing after traditional weaving; moreover, the selected raw materials PLA and PBAT are bio-based or biodegradable materials, making the entire preparation process cleaner and more environmentally friendly.

[0023] Furthermore, the chemical foaming agent masterbatch is sodium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide, wherein the mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to azodicarbonamide is 1-2:1.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of component A, component B, and component C is (30-50):(20-40):(20-40).

[0025] Furthermore, in the parallel composite spinning process of components A, B, and C, the screw extrusion temperature of component A is set to 185℃-210℃, the screw extrusion temperature of component B is set to 195℃-215℃, and the screw extrusion temperature of component C is set to 150℃-170℃.

[0026] By adopting the aforementioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. By introducing a chemical foaming agent into the B component of the three-component parallel composite fiber, a porous structure is formed in situ inside the fiber, which can effectively trap still air. Still air is an excellent heat insulator, thus greatly improving the warmth retention of the fiber. At the same time, the porous structure can reduce the density of the fiber, so that the final fabric achieves excellent warmth retention while achieving significant weight reduction, with a weight far lower than that of similar fabrics made from traditional solid fibers.

[0028] 2. The warp yarn is a composite porous elastic fiber, and the weft yarn is a PTT filament, both of which have inherent excellent elasticity, providing the material basis for the elasticity of the fabric.

[0029] 3. The non-interlacing warp yarns limit the excessive elongation of the fabric in the warp direction, improve the elastic recovery rate and creep resistance, and enable the fabric to still have good elasticity after multiple stretching and not easily loosen or deform; the twill interlacing path of the warp yarns enables the fabric to have both warp and twill elasticity, so that the fabric exhibits high recovery and long-lasting stable elasticity in both warp and weft directions, which improves the shortcomings of traditional fabrics that rely solely on spandex or a single elastic fiber to provide elasticity. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional weaving of the multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric in the thickness direction in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite porous elastic fiber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1-warp yarn, 2-lining warp yarn, 3-weft yarn, 4-outer layer, 5-bottom layer, 6-porous structure. Detailed Implementation Example 1

[0034] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Raw material preparation: including warp yarns, interlining warp yarns, and weft yarns;

[0036] S2. Loom weaving: On a loom, the warp yarns 1, the interlining warp yarns 2, and the weft yarns 3 are interwoven to form a greige fabric with a three-dimensional mesh structure; the warp yarns 1 interweave with the weft yarns 3 of different layers in a periodically changing oblique path to form the surface layer 4 and the bottom layer 5 of the fabric; the interlining warp yarns 2 are constrained in a straight line between the surface layer 4 and the bottom layer 5 and do not interweave with the weft yarns.

[0037] S3. Finishing: The fabric obtained in step S2 is subjected to heat setting treatment to obtain multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric; the temperature of the heat setting treatment is 175℃.

[0038] The warp yarn is a composite porous elastic fiber; the weft yarn is PTT filament; the lining warp yarn is para-aramid filament; the composite porous elastic fiber comprises the following raw materials: PLA chips, PBT chips, PBAT chips, and a foaming agent. The PTT filament has a specification of 75D / 36F, and the para-aramid filament has a specification of 55dtex / 100f.

[0039] The weft yarns 3 are arranged in two layers; the warp yarns 1 are interwoven with the weft yarns 3 in a twill weave pattern, and the path of the warp yarns 1 shows periodic turns on the horizontal projection plane. The periodic turns occur once after the warp yarns 1 pass through three weft yarns 3; the backing warp yarns 2 pass through the space formed by the weft yarn layers in a straight line between adjacent warp yarns 1; the ratio of the arrangement density of the warp yarns to the backing warp yarns is 3:1.

[0040] refer to Figure 3 The preparation process of the composite porous elastic fiber is as follows:

[0041] a. Raw material drying: The PLA slices, PBT slices, and PBAT slices are vacuum dried until the moisture content is less than 50 ppm;

[0042] b. Melt blend spinning: The dried PBT chips are mixed with chemical foaming agent masterbatch as component B, the dried PLA chips are used as component A, and the dried PBAT chips are used as component C. The melts of components A, B, and C are extruded through parallel composite spinnerets and cooled to obtain nascent fibers.

[0043] c. Post-processing: The nascent fibers are bundled, stretched, tensioned and heat-set, crimped, relaxed and heat-set and cut to obtain the composite porous elastic fiber with a specification of 150D. The composite porous elastic fiber has a porous structure formed by foaming and oriented along the fiber axis.

[0044] The preparation process of the composite porous elastic fiber also includes the addition of color masterbatch: after the raw materials are dried in step a, 2.0% by mass of dark blue polyester special color masterbatch is added to PLA chips, PBT chips and PBAT chips respectively, and they are mixed evenly in a mixer before step b is carried out of melt blending spinning.

[0045] The obtained multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric has a clear dark blue twill texture on its surface.

[0046] The chemical foaming agent masterbatch consists of sodium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide, with a mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to azodicarbonamide of 1.5:1, and the amount of foaming agent added is 3% of the mass of PBT chips.

[0047] The mass ratio of component A, component B, and component C is 30:40:30.

[0048] In the process of compound spinning of components A, B, and C in parallel, the screw extrusion temperature of component A is set to 200℃, the screw extrusion temperature of component B is set to 205℃, and the screw extrusion temperature of component C is set to 160℃. Example 2

[0049] The difference from Example 1 is as follows:

[0050] The chemical foaming agent masterbatch consists of sodium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide, with a mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to azodicarbonamide of 1:1, and the amount of foaming agent added is 3.5% of the mass of PBT chips.

[0051] The mass ratio of components A, B, and C is 35:30:35. During the parallel composite spinning process of components A, B, and C, the screw extrusion temperature of component A is set to 195°C, the screw extrusion temperature of component B is set to 210°C, and the screw extrusion temperature of component C is set to 165°C.

[0052] Other technical solutions are the same as in Example 1. Example 3

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is as follows:

[0054] The chemical foaming agent masterbatch consists of sodium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide, with a mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to azodicarbonamide of 2:1, and the amount of foaming agent added is 2.5% of the mass of PBT chips.

[0055] The mass ratio of components A, B, and C is 40:20:40. During the parallel composite spinning process of components A, B, and C, the screw extrusion temperature of component A is set to 205°C, the screw extrusion temperature of component B is set to 200°C, and the screw extrusion temperature of component C is set to 155°C.

[0056] Other technical solutions are the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is as follows:

[0059] The warp yarns are made of 150D PBT filaments and no foaming agent is added; the weaving method is plain weave. Other technical solutions are the same as in Example 1.

[0060] The fabrics prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1

[0062] project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[Thermal conductivity (W·m -1 ·K -1 )]]> 0.0585 0.0536 0.0523 0.0879 Elastic recovery rate in the longitudinal and latitudinal directions (%) 92 (longitude) 88 (latitude) 90 (longitude) 89 (latitude) 93 (longitude) 87 (latitude) 85 (longitude) 82 (latitude) <![CDATA[Fabric weight (g / m 2 )]]> 210 215 205 280 Air permeability (mm / s) 320 280 350 450

[0063] The test results in Table 1 show that the multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric prepared by this technical solution can balance lightness and warmth, has excellent multi-directional elasticity, and good comfort and breathability.

[0064] Fabric warmth retention: The thermal conductivity of the fabric was tested using a XIATECH TC3100 thermal conductivity tester. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better its warmth retention performance.

[0065] Warp and weft elastic recovery rate: according to FZ / T 01034-2008 "Textiles - Test method for tensile elasticity of woven fabrics".

[0066] Fabric weight: According to GB / T 4669-2008 "Textiles - Determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area of ​​woven fabrics".

[0067] Fabric air permeability: According to GB / T 5453-1997 "Textiles - Test for air permeability of fabrics".

[0068] Although the invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, all of which shall be within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: including warp yarns, interlining warp yarns, and weft yarns; S2. Loom weaving: On a loom, the warp yarns, interlining warp yarns, and weft yarns are interwoven to form a greige fabric with a three-dimensional mesh structure; the warp yarns interweave with the weft yarns of different layers in a periodically changing oblique path to form the surface layer and the bottom layer of the fabric; the interlining warp yarns are constrained between the surface layer and the bottom layer in a straight line and do not interweave with the weft yarns. S3. Finishing: Heat setting treatment is performed on the fabric obtained in step S2 to obtain multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric. Wherein, the warp yarn is a composite porous elastic fiber; the weft yarn is a PTT filament; the lining warp yarn is a para-aramid filament; the composite porous elastic fiber includes the following raw materials: PLA chips, PBT chips, PBAT chips and foaming agent; The preparation process of the composite porous elastic fiber is as follows: a. Raw material drying: The PLA slices, PBT slices, and PBAT slices are vacuum dried until the moisture content is less than 50 ppm; b. Melt blend spinning: The dried PBT chips are mixed with chemical foaming agent masterbatch as component B, the dried PLA chips are used as component A, and the dried PBAT chips are used as component C. The melts of components A, B, and C are extruded through parallel composite spinnerets and cooled to obtain nascent fibers. c. Post-processing: The nascent fibers are bundled, stretched, tensioned and heat-set, crimped, relaxed and heat-set and cut to obtain composite porous elastic fibers. The composite porous elastic fibers have a porous structure formed by foaming and oriented along the fiber axis.

2. The method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weft yarns are arranged in at least two layers; the warp yarns are interwoven with the weft yarns of each layer in a twill weave pattern, and the path of the warp yarns presents a periodic turning on the horizontal projection plane; the lining warp yarns pass through the space formed by the weft yarn layers in a straight line between adjacent warp yarns.

3. The method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the arrangement density of the warp yarns to the lining warp yarns is 3:

1.

4. The method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical foaming agent masterbatch comprises sodium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide, wherein the mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to azodicarbonamide is (1-2):

1.

5. The method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of component A, component B, and component C is (30-50):(20-40):(20-40).

6. The method for preparing a multi-directional elastic environmentally friendly fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of parallel composite spinning of components A, B, and C, the screw extrusion temperature of component A is set to 185℃-210℃, the screw extrusion temperature of component B is set to 195℃-215℃, and the screw extrusion temperature of component C is set to 150℃-170℃.

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