Miniaturized broadband 3*3Nlen matrix based on micro coaxial transmission line

Abstract

The invention discloses a miniature broadband 3 * 3Nlen matrix based on a micro-coaxial transmission line, which comprises a micro-coaxial outer conductor base and a matrix component, and is characterized in that the micro-coaxial outer conductor base is correspondingly arranged below the matrix component; the matrix component comprises a first broadband coupler, a second broadband coupler, a third broadband coupler, a first broadband phase shifter, a second broadband phase shifter, a micro coaxial transmission line, a first input port, a second input port, a third input port, a first output port, a second output port and a third output port; the matrix provided by the invention realizes broadband amplitude and phase output through the first broadband coupler, the second broadband coupler, the third broadband coupler, the first broadband phase shifter and the second broadband phase shifter. The first broadband coupler, the second broadband coupler and the third broadband coupler are integrated with a phase shifting function, so that the miniaturization of the matrix is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a miniaturized wideband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on a micro-coaxial transmission line. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G wireless communication technology, multi-beam technology has attracted widespread attention. Beam forming network is an important part of multi-beam antenna, and traditional beam forming network often faces problems such as complex structure, large size, narrow bandwidth, etc.

[0003] The beam forming network faces requirements such as miniaturization and wide bandwidth. In related research, multi-layer PCB technology, slow wave technology, etc. are often used to realize the miniaturization of the beam forming network. However, there are few studies on simplifying the topology based on the coupling of the phase shift function to realize miniaturization. The micro-coaxial transmission line is a micro-miniature transmission line based on inner and outer conductors, and has good application prospects in the construction of miniaturized and high-integration passive networks. Moreover, in related technologies, the bandwidth of the Nolen matrix is narrow, and there are few studies on wide-band Nolen matrix. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a Nolen matrix that takes into account miniaturization and wide bandwidth. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to solve the problems of the prior art, and to provide a miniaturized wideband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on a micro-coaxial transmission line. The miniaturized wideband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on the micro-coaxial transmission line uses a wideband coupler that integrates a phase shift function. This design not only reduces the number of phase shifters in the Nolen matrix to achieve miniaturization, but also expands the operating bandwidth, solving the problem that the Nolen matrix in the prior art cannot achieve miniaturization and wide bandwidth at the same time.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is: A miniaturized wideband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on a micro-coaxial transmission line, comprising a micro-coaxial outer conductor base and a matrix component, and the matrix component is arranged below the micro-coaxial outer conductor base; The matrix component comprises a first wideband coupler, a second wideband coupler, a third wideband coupler, a first wideband phase shifter, a second wideband phase shifter, a micro-coaxial transmission line, a first input port, a second input port, a third input port, a first output port, a second output port and a third output port; The first wideband coupler is arranged on the left side and connected with the micro-coaxial transmission line, the first wideband coupler is arranged on the right side and connected with the second wideband phase shifter, and the first wideband coupler is arranged on the back side and connected with the first wideband phase shifter; the first wideband phase shifter is arranged on the left side and connected with the second wideband coupler, and the first wideband phase shifter is arranged on the right side and connected with the third wideband coupler; The first, second and third broadband couplers are impedance-matched in a wide frequency band; the first and second broadband phase shifters adjust the phase relationship to obtain flat amplitude and phase outputs. The micro-coaxial outer conductor base is arranged below each component of the matrix component and has a shape matching and consistent with the shape of each component. The micro-coaxial outer conductor base is provided with an intermediate cavity along the centerline position in the length direction, and each component of the matrix component is arranged with a support strip on both sides and supported in the center of the corresponding intermediate cavity.

[0006] Further, the matrix component is made of metal; the micro-coaxial outer conductor base is made of metal and the intermediate cavity is filled with air; and the support strip is made of SU-8 photoresist. The top surface of the micro-coaxial outer conductor base is flush, the inner wall of the intermediate cavity is set to 0.53mm in width and 0.3mm in height, and the height of the matrix component is uniformly set to 0.1mm.

[0007] Further, the first broadband coupler includes a first low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, a first high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line, a second low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, a second high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line connected in sequence in the order of front left rear right, and a first longitudinal gradient micro-coaxial coupling line connected at both ends to the center positions of the first and second low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission lines. The second broadband coupler includes a third low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, a third high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line, a fourth low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, a fourth high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line connected in sequence in the order of front left rear right, and a second longitudinal gradient micro-coaxial coupling line connected at both ends to the center positions of the third and fourth low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission lines. The right end of the third low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line is connected to the left end of the second low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, and the left end of the third low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line is connected to the second input port. The third broadband coupler includes a fifth low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, a fifth high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line, a sixth low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission line, a sixth high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line connected in sequence in the order of front left rear right, and a third longitudinal gradient micro-coaxial coupling line connected at both ends to the center positions of the fifth and sixth low-impedance transverse micro-coaxial transmission lines. The left end of the fifth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the right end of the second low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the right end of the fifth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the second output port.

[0008] Further, the first wideband phase shifter comprises a first micro coaxial coupling line, a first short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line and a second short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line; The left end of the first micro coaxial coupling line is connected with the right end of the fourth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the right end of the first micro coaxial coupling line is connected with the left end of the sixth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line; the first short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line and the second short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line are longitudinally symmetrically arranged and are connected to one side of the first micro coaxial coupling line close to the second low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line; The left end of the fourth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the third input port, and the right end of the sixth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the third output port. The second wideband phase shifter comprises a second micro coaxial transmission line, a third short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line and a fourth short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line; The left end of the second micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the right end of the first low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the right end of the second micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the first output port. The third short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line and the fourth short-circuit micro coaxial transmission line are both L-shaped and are connected to one side of the second micro coaxial transmission line close to the fifth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line.

[0009] The right end of the micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the left end of the first low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the left end of the micro coaxial transmission line is connected with the first input port.

[0010] Further, the first low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, the first high-impedance longitudinal micro coaxial transmission line and the second high-impedance longitudinal micro coaxial transmission line are straight lines; the second low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line is bent at right angles multiple times, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. The first longitudinal gradually changing micro coaxial coupling line comprises a first longitudinal gradually changing coupling line and a second longitudinal gradually changing coupling line; the first longitudinal gradually changing coupling line is gradually narrowed at first and then gradually widened, one end of the first longitudinal gradually changing coupling line is connected with the second low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the other end of the first longitudinal gradually changing coupling line is open; the second longitudinal gradually changing coupling line is gradually narrowed at first and then gradually widened, one end of the second longitudinal gradually changing coupling line is connected with the first low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the other end of the second longitudinal gradually changing coupling line is open; the first longitudinal gradually changing coupling line and the second longitudinal gradually changing coupling line are centrally symmetric; The third high-impedance longitudinal micro coaxial transmission line, the fourth low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line and the fourth high-impedance longitudinal micro coaxial transmission line are straight lines; the third low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line is bent at right angles multiple times, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. The second longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line includes a third longitudinal tapered coupling line and a fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line. The third longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The third and fourth longitudinal tapered coupling lines are centrally symmetrical. The fifth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 310, the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, and the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are straight lines; the sixth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line has multiple right-angle bends, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. The third longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line includes the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line and the sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line. The fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The fifth and sixth longitudinal tapered coupling lines are centrally symmetrical.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.8 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 3.8 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively; and the inner conductor length and width of the second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the first longitudinally tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle, with the widest and narrowest widths being 0.35 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the inner conductor length being 3 mm. The inner conductor of the second longitudinally tapered coupling line has the same dimensions as the inner conductor of the first longitudinally tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.5 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 4.3 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively; and the inner conductor length and width of the fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the third longitudinal tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle. The width of the inner conductor at its widest point is 0.38 mm and the width at its narrowest point are 0.08 mm. The length of the inner conductor is 3 mm. The inner conductor of the fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line has the same size as the inner conductor of the third longitudinal tapered coupling line. The distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.8 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 3.8 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively; and the inner conductor length and width of the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle. The width at the widest point and the width at the narrowest point of the inner conductor are 0.35 mm and 0.11 mm, respectively, and the length of the inner conductor is 3 mm. The inner conductor of the sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line has the same size as the inner conductor of the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the first micro-coaxial coupling line are 3mm and 0.05mm, respectively, the spacing between the inner conductors of the two coupling lines is 0.02mm, the length and width of the first short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.4mm, respectively, and the length and width of the second short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.4mm, respectively. The inner conductor length and width of the second micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.2mm, respectively; the length and width of the third short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.33mm, respectively; and the length and width of the fourth short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.33mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the micro coaxial transmission line has a length of 5 mm and a width of 0.2 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the first broadband coupler 100 has a coupling degree of 1.77dB and a phase difference of +120°; the second broadband coupler 200 has a coupling degree of 3dB and a phase difference of +30°; and the third broadband coupler 300 has a coupling degree of 3dB and a phase difference of +120°.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The layout of the present invention is neat and compact, effectively reducing the chip area, and is suitable for the integration of size-sensitive millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits and miniaturized array systems.

[0017] 2. This invention maintains low amplitude fluctuations over a wide bandwidth, ensuring the stability of signal energy distribution, which is crucial for maintaining consistent beamforming efficiency and excellent signal quality in broadband systems.

[0018] 3. The present invention has small phase difference fluctuations between the output ports, which ensures the accuracy and stability of beam pointing in a wide frequency range and effectively avoids beam squinting or distortion caused by frequency changes.

[0019] 4. The matrix proposed in this invention achieves wideband amplitude and phase output through a first wideband coupler, a second wideband coupler, a third wideband coupler, a first wideband phase shifter, and a second wideband phase shifter. Since the first wideband coupler, the second wideband coupler, and the third wideband coupler integrate phase shifting functionality, the matrix is ​​miniaturized. Specifically, the first wideband coupler, the second wideband coupler, and the third wideband coupler provide wideband impedance matching; the first wideband phase shifter and the second wideband phase shifter adjust the phase relationship to obtain a flat amplitude and phase output; and the first longitudinally tapered micro-coaxial coupling line, the second longitudinally tapered micro-coaxial coupling line, and the third longitudinally tapered micro-coaxial coupling line are composed of coupling lines that linearly narrow from the ends to the middle. By adjusting the size and dimensions of the coupling lines, the flatness of the output phase difference of the coupler can be adjusted. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 2 The top view of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines provided in this application is shown.

[0022] Figure 3 The S-parameter diagrams of each input and output port when the first input port of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission line provided in this application is excited.

[0023] Figure 4 The S-parameter diagrams of each input and output port when the second input port of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission line provided in this application is excited.

[0024] Figure 5 The S-parameter diagrams of each input and output port of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission line provided in this application are shown when the third input port is excited.

[0025] Figure 6 The diagram shows the phase difference between the output ports of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines provided in this application.

[0026] Among them are: 600, micro-coaxial outer conductor base; 100, first broadband coupler; 200, second broadband coupler; 300, third broadband coupler; 400, first broadband phase shifter; 500, second broadband phase shifter; 900, micro-coaxial transmission line; 710, first input port; 720, second input port; 730, third input port; 810, first output port; 820, second output port; 830, third output port; 110, first low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line; 130, first high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line; 120, second low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line; 140, second high-impedance longitudinal micro-coaxial transmission line; 150, first longitudinal tapered micro-coaxial coupling line; 220, third low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial coupling line; 230. Third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line; 210. Fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line; 240. Fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line; 250. Second longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line; 310. Fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line; 330. Fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line; 320. Sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line; 340. Sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line; 350. Third longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line; 410. First microcoaxial coupling line; 420. First short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line; 430. Second short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line; 510. Second microcoaxial transmission line; 520. Third short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line; 530. Fourth short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, a miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on a micro-coaxial transmission line includes a micro-coaxial outer conductor base 600 and a matrix component. The micro-coaxial outer conductor base 600 is arranged below the matrix component. The matrix component includes a first broadband coupler 100, a second broadband coupler 200, a third broadband coupler 300, a first broadband phase shifter 400, a second broadband phase shifter 500, a micro-coaxial transmission line 900, a first input port 710, a second input port 720, a third input port 730, a first output port 810, a second output port 820, and a third output port 830.

[0030] Furthermore, the following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 The connection structure of the matrix component in this application and its arrangement with the micro-coaxial external conductor base 600 are described in further detail below: A micro coaxial transmission line 900 is arranged and connected to the left side of the first broadband coupler 100, a second broadband phase shifter 500 is arranged and connected to the right side of the first broadband coupler 100, and a first broadband phase shifter 400 is arranged and connected to the rear side of the first broadband coupler 100; a second broadband coupler 200 is arranged and connected to the left side of the first broadband phase shifter 400, and a third broadband coupler 300 is arranged and connected to the right side of the first broadband phase shifter 400. The first, second, and third broadband couplers provide impedance matching within the wide bandwidth; the first and second broadband phase shifters adjust the phase relationship to obtain a flat amplitude and phase output.

[0031] Each component of the matrix is ​​provided with a micro-coaxial outer conductor base 600 below it, and the configuration of the micro-coaxial outer conductor base 600 matches and is consistent with the configuration of each component.

[0032] The micro-coaxial outer conductor base 600 has an intermediate cavity at the centerline along its length. Each component of the matrix component has a support bar on both sides, and each component of the matrix component is supported by the support bar at the center of its corresponding intermediate cavity.

[0033] Furthermore, the matrix component is made of metal; the micro-coaxial outer conductor base is made of metal, and its intermediate cavity is filled with air; the support strip is made of SU-8 photoresist.

[0034] Furthermore, the top surface of the micro-coaxial outer conductor base 600 is flush with the ground, and the width and height of the inner wall of the intermediate cavity it opens are set to 0.53mm and 0.3mm, respectively; the height of the matrix components is uniformly set to 0.1mm.

[0035] Furthermore, the first broadband coupler 100 includes a first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 110, a first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 130, a second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120, and a second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 140 connected sequentially in a front-left-back-right order; and a first longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line 150 with its two ends connected to the center positions of the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 110 and the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120, respectively. Furthermore, the first low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 110, the first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 130, and the second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 140 are straight lines; the second low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 120 has multiple right-angle bends, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. Furthermore, the first longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line 150 includes a first longitudinally tapered coupling line and a second longitudinally tapered coupling line. The first longitudinally tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120 and the other end being open. The second longitudinally tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 110 and the other end being open. The first longitudinally tapered coupling line and the second longitudinally tapered coupling line are centrally symmetrical.

[0036] The first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 110, the first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 130, the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120, and the second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 140 are used to adjust the output power ratio; the length difference between the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 110 and the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120, and the first longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line 150 are used to adjust the output phase difference.

[0037] Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.8 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 3.8 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively; and the inner conductor length and width of the second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the inner conductor of the first longitudinally tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle, with the widest and narrowest widths being 0.35 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the inner conductor length being 3 mm; the inner conductor of the second longitudinally tapered coupling line has the same dimensions as the inner conductor of the first longitudinally tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

[0038] The second broadband coupler 200 includes a third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220, a third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 230, a fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210, and a fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 240 connected sequentially in front-left-back-right order; and a second longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line 250 with its two ends connected to the center positions of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220 and the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210, respectively. Furthermore, the third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 230, the fourth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 210, and the fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 240 are straight lines; the third low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 220 has multiple right-angle bends, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. Furthermore, the second longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line 250 includes a third longitudinally tapered coupling line and a fourth longitudinally tapered coupling line. The third longitudinally tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210 and the other end being open. The fourth longitudinally tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220 and the other end being open. The third and fourth longitudinally tapered coupling lines are centrally symmetrical.

[0039] Among them, the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220, the third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 230, the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210, and the fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 240 are used to adjust the output power ratio; the length difference between the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210 and the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220, and the second longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line 250 are used to adjust the output phase difference.

[0040] Furthermore, the right end of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220 is connected to the left end of the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120, and the left end of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 220 is connected to the second input port 720. Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.5 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 4.3 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively; and the inner conductor length and width of the fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the inner conductor of the third longitudinal tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle, with the widest and narrowest widths being 0.38 mm and 0.08 mm respectively, and the inner conductor length being 3 mm; the inner conductor of the fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line has the same dimensions as the inner conductor of the third longitudinal tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

[0041] The third broadband coupler 300 includes a fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310, a fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 330, a sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320, and a sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 340 connected sequentially in front-left-back-right order; and a third longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line 350 with its two ends connected to the center positions of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310 and the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320, respectively. Furthermore, the fifth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 310, the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 330, and the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 340 are straight lines; the sixth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 320 has multiple right-angle bends in its line shape, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. Furthermore, the third longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line 350 includes a fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line and a sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line. The fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320 and the other end being open. The sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310 and the other end being open. The fifth and sixth longitudinal tapered coupling lines are centrally symmetrical.

[0042] Furthermore, the left end of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310 is connected to the right end of the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120, and the right end of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310 is connected to the second output port 820. The fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310, the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 330, the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320, and the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line 340 are used to adjust the output power ratio; the length difference between the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 310 and the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320, as well as the third longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line 350, are used to adjust the output phase difference.

[0043] Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.8 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 3.8 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively; and the inner conductor length and width of the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the inner conductor of the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle, with the widest and narrowest widths being 0.35 mm and 0.11 mm respectively, and the inner conductor length being 3 mm; the inner conductor of the sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line has the same dimensions as the inner conductor of the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first longitudinally tapered micro-coaxial coupling line 150, the second longitudinally tapered micro-coaxial coupling line 250, and the third longitudinally tapered micro-coaxial coupling line 350 are composed of coupling lines that linearly narrow from the end to the middle. By adjusting the size and dimensions of the coupling lines, the flatness of the output phase difference of the coupler can be adjusted.

[0045] The first broadband phase shifter 400 includes a first micro-coaxial coupling line 410, a first short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line 420, and a second short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line 430. The left end of the first microcoaxial coupling line 410 is connected to the right end of the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210, and the right end of the first microcoaxial coupling line 410 is connected to the left end of the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320; the first short-circuit microcoaxial transmission line 420 and the second short-circuit microcoaxial transmission line 430 are arranged symmetrically in the longitudinal direction, and they are both connected to the side of the first microcoaxial coupling line 410 close to the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 120. Furthermore, the left end of the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 210 is connected to the third input port 730, and the right end of the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 320 is connected to the third output port 830. Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the first micro-coaxial coupling line are 3mm and 0.05mm, respectively, the spacing between the inner conductors of the two coupling lines is 0.02mm, the length and width of the first short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.4mm, respectively, and the length and width of the second short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.4mm, respectively.

[0046] The second broadband phase shifter 500 includes a second micro-coaxial transmission line 510, a third short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line 520, and a fourth short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line 530. The left end of the second microcoaxial transmission line 510 is connected to the right end of the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line 110, and the right end of the second microcoaxial transmission line 510 is connected to the first output port 810. The third short-circuit microcoaxial transmission line 520 and the fourth short-circuit microcoaxial transmission line 530 are both L-shaped and are connected to the second microcoaxial transmission line 510 on the side near the fifth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 310.

[0047] Furthermore, the length and width of the inner conductor of the second micro-coaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively; the length and width of the third short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.33 mm, respectively; and the length and width of the fourth short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.33 mm, respectively.

[0048] The right end of the micro coaxial transmission line 900 is connected to the left end of the first low-impedance lateral micro coaxial transmission line 110, and the left end of the micro coaxial transmission line 900 is connected to the first input port 710. Furthermore, the inner conductor length and width of the micro coaxial transmission line are 5 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively.

[0049] Specifically, the first broadband coupler 100 has a coupling degree of 1.77dB and a phase difference of +120°; the second broadband coupler 200 has a coupling degree of 3dB and a phase difference of +30°; and the third broadband coupler 300 has a coupling degree of 3dB and a phase difference of +120°.

[0050] The matrix proposed in this application achieves wideband amplitude and phase output through a first wideband coupler, a second wideband coupler, a third wideband coupler, a first wideband phase shifter, and a second wideband phase shifter. Since the first wideband coupler, the second wideband coupler, and the third wideband coupler integrate phase shifting functionality, the matrix is ​​thus miniaturized.

[0051] When in use, when the first input port 710 is excited, the phase difference between the first output port 810 and the second output port 820, and the phase difference between the second output port 820 and the third output port 830 are both +120°. When the second input port 720 is excited, the phase difference between the first output port 810 and the second output port 820, and the phase difference between the second output port 820 and the third output port 830 are both 0°. When the third input port 730 is excited, the phase difference between the first output port 810 and the second output port 820, and the phase difference between the second output port 820 and the third output port 830 are both -120°.

[0052] Figure 3The S-parameter diagrams of each input and output port when the first input port of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission line provided in this application is excited; Figure 4 The S-parameter diagrams of each input and output port when the second input port of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission line provided in this application is excited; Figure 5 The S-parameter diagrams of each input and output port of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission line provided in this application are shown when the third input port is excited.

[0053] Figure 6 The diagram shows the phase difference between the output ports of the miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines provided in this application.

[0054] like Figures 3-6 As shown, within the broadband range, the output port amplitude fluctuation of the Nolen matrix is ​​very small, the isolation of the isolation ports is high (when the first input port 710 is excited, the second input port 720 and the third input port 730 are isolated terminals; when the second input port 720 is excited, the first input port 710 and the third input port 730 are isolated terminals; when the third input port 730 is excited, the first input port 710 and the second input port 720 are isolated terminals), and the phase difference fluctuation between each port is very small, exhibiting good broadband performance.

[0055] In summary, this application provides a miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines. This device achieves broadband output response in the 23GHz-28GHz frequency range, and its compact structure meets the requirements of modern wireless systems with extremely high size and performance requirements.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on a micro-coaxial transmission line, characterized in that: It includes a micro-coaxial outer conductor base and a matrix component, with the micro-coaxial outer conductor base correspondingly arranged below the matrix component; The matrix component includes a first broadband coupler, a second broadband coupler, a third broadband coupler, a first broadband phase shifter, a second broadband phase shifter, a micro coaxial transmission line, a first input port, a second input port, a third input port, a first output port, a second output port, and a third output port; A micro coaxial transmission line is arranged and connected to the left side of the first broadband coupler, a second broadband phase shifter is arranged and connected to the right side of the first broadband coupler, and a corresponding first broadband phase shifter is arranged and connected to the rear side of the first broadband coupler; a second broadband coupler is arranged and connected to the left side of the first broadband phase shifter, and a third broadband coupler is arranged and connected to the right side of the first broadband phase shifter. The first, second, and third broadband couplers provide impedance matching within the wide bandwidth; the first and second broadband phase shifters adjust the phase relationship to obtain a flat amplitude and phase output. Each component of the matrix is ​​equipped with a micro-coaxial external conductor base below it, and the shape of the micro-coaxial external conductor base matches and is consistent with the shape of each component. The micro-coaxial outer conductor base has an intermediate cavity opened at the centerline position along its length direction. Each component of the matrix component has a support bar on both sides, and each component of the matrix component is supported by the support bar at the center of its corresponding intermediate cavity.

2. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix component is made of metal; the micro-coaxial outer conductor base is made of metal, and its intermediate cavity is filled with air; the support strip is made of SU-8 photoresist. The top surface of the micro-coaxial outer conductor base is flush with the ground, and the width and height of the inner wall of the intermediate cavity it opens are set to 0.53mm and 0.3mm, respectively; the height of the matrix components is uniformly set to 0.1mm.

3. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first broadband coupler includes a first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, a first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, a second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, and a second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line connected in a front-left-back-right order; and a first longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line with its two ends connected to the center positions of the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, respectively. The second broadband coupler includes a third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, a third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, a fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, and a fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line connected in a front-left-back-right order; and a second longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line with its two ends connected to the center positions of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, respectively. The right end of the third low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line is connected to the left end of the second low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line, and the left end of the third low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line is connected to the second input port. The third broadband coupler includes a fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, a fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, a sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, and a sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line connected in a front-left-back-right order; and a third longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line with its two ends connected to the center positions of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, respectively. The left end of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line is connected to the right end of the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, and the right end of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line is connected to the second output port.

4. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first broadband phase shifter includes a first micro-coaxial coupling line, a first short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line, and a second short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line; The left end of the first microcoaxial coupling line is connected to the right end of the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line, and the right end of the first microcoaxial coupling line is connected to the left end of the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line. The first short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line and the second short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line are arranged symmetrically in the longitudinal direction, and they are both connected to the side of the first microcoaxial coupling line close to the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line. The left end of the fourth low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line is connected to the third input port, and the right end of the sixth low-impedance lateral micro-coaxial transmission line is connected to the third output port. The second broadband phase shifter includes a second micro-coaxial transmission line, a third short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line, and a fourth short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line; The left end of the second microcoaxial transmission line is connected to the right end of the first low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line, and the right end of the second microcoaxial transmission line is connected to the first output port. Both the third and fourth short-circuited microcoaxial transmission lines are L-shaped and are connected to the second microcoaxial transmission line on the side near the fifth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line. The right end of the micro coaxial transmission line is connected to the left end of the first low-impedance transverse micro coaxial transmission line, and the left end of the micro coaxial transmission line is connected to the first input port.

5. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line, the first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, and the second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are straight lines; the second low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line has multiple right-angle bends, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. The first longitudinally tapered microcoaxial coupling line includes a first longitudinally tapered coupling line and a second longitudinally tapered coupling line. The first longitudinally tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The second longitudinally tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The first longitudinally tapered coupling line and the second longitudinally tapered coupling line are centrally symmetrical. The third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, the fourth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line, and the fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are straight lines; the third low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line has multiple right-angle bends, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. The second longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line includes a third longitudinal tapered coupling line and a fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line. The third longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The third and fourth longitudinal tapered coupling lines are centrally symmetrical. The fifth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line 310, the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line, and the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are straight lines; the sixth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line has multiple right-angle bends, and the four transmission lines are arranged to form a rectangular shape. The third longitudinal tapered microcoaxial coupling line includes the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line and the sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line. The fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the sixth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line first tapers and then widens, with one end connected to the fifth low-impedance transverse microcoaxial transmission line and the other end being open. The fifth and sixth longitudinal gradient coupling lines are centrally symmetrical.

6. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner conductor length and width of the first low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.8 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the second low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 3.8 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the first high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the second high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the first longitudinally tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle, with the widest and narrowest widths being 0.35 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the inner conductor length being 3 mm. The inner conductor of the second longitudinally tapered coupling line has the same dimensions as the inner conductor of the first longitudinally tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

7. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on micro-coaxial transmission lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner conductor length and width of the fourth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.5 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the third low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 4.3 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the third high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the fourth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the third longitudinal tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle. The width of the inner conductor at its widest point is 0.38 mm and the width at its narrowest point are 0.08 mm. The length of the inner conductor is 3 mm. The inner conductor of the fourth longitudinal tapered coupling line has the same size as the inner conductor of the third longitudinal tapered coupling line. The distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

8. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner conductor length and width of the fifth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 2.8 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the sixth low-impedance lateral microcoaxial transmission line are 3.8 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the fifth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively; the inner conductor length and width of the sixth high-impedance longitudinal microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line narrows linearly from both ends to the middle. The width at the widest point and the width at the narrowest point of the inner conductor are 0.35 mm and 0.11 mm, respectively, and the length of the inner conductor is 3 mm. The inner conductor of the sixth longitudinal tapered coupling line has the same size as the inner conductor of the fifth longitudinal tapered coupling line, and the distance between the two is 0.02 mm.

9. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner conductor of the first microcoaxial coupling line has a length and width of 3 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively, and the distance between the inner conductors of the two coupling lines is 0.02 mm. The length and width of the first short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively, and the length and width of the second short-circuited microcoaxial transmission line are 3 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. The inner conductor length and width of the second micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.2mm, respectively; the length and width of the third short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.33mm, respectively; and the length and width of the fourth short-circuited micro-coaxial transmission line are 3mm and 0.33mm, respectively. The inner conductor of the micro coaxial transmission line has a length of 5 mm and a width of 0.2 mm.

10. The miniaturized broadband 3*3 Nolen matrix based on microcoaxial transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first broadband coupler 100 has a coupling degree of 1.77 dB and a phase difference of +120°; the second broadband coupler 200 has a coupling degree of 3 dB and a phase difference of +30°; and the third broadband coupler 300 has a coupling degree of 3 dB and a phase difference of +120°.

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