Display panel and display device

Abstract

The invention discloses a display panel and a display device, and belongs to the technical field of display. The plurality of sub-pixels are positioned on one side of the substrate, and each sub-pixel comprises a light-emitting device; the light intensifying layer is positioned on one side, far away from the substrate, of the light emitting device and is used for increasing the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting device; at least one concave lens layer, wherein the at least one concave lens layer and the intensifying layer are stacked on the light emitting side of the light emitting device; the concave lens layer comprises a plurality of concave lenses, the surface, close to and / or away from the substrate, of each concave lens is a concave surface, and the orthographic projection of each concave lens on the substrate at least covers one sub-pixel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of display technology, specifically relating to a display panel and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of display technology, brightness enhancement films are often used to improve the light emission efficiency of display panels. However, these films can easily lead to L-decay, a problem where the brightness decreases sharply as the viewing angle increases due to excessive light focusing on the front, severely impacting the user's visual experience. Currently, effectively mitigating the L-decay problem caused by brightness enhancement films without sacrificing front light emission efficiency has become a pressing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a display panel and a display device to solve the problem of viewing angle attenuation caused by the use of a brightness enhancement film layer without sacrificing the front light emission efficiency.

[0004] A first aspect of this application provides a display panel, the display panel comprising: substrate; A plurality of sub-pixels located on one side of the substrate, the sub-pixels including light-emitting devices; A light enhancement layer is located on the side of the light-emitting device away from the substrate, and is used to increase the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device; At least one concave lens layer is stacked with the light enhancement layer on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device; the concave lens layer includes a plurality of concave lenses, the surface of each concave lens near and / or away from the substrate is concave, and the orthogonal projection of each concave lens on the substrate covers at least one sub-pixel.

[0005] In some embodiments, the brightness enhancement layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal film, which is configured to selectively reflect circularly polarized light of a predetermined direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the orthogonal projection of the concave lens onto the substrate corresponds to covering one of the sub-pixels; and The center point of the orthographic projection pattern of the concave lens on the substrate coincides with the center point of the orthographic projection pattern of the light-emitting device of the covered sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0007] In some embodiments, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units, and each pixel unit includes a plurality of sub-pixels; Each concave lens projects its orthogonal projection onto the substrate, covering one pixel unit, and different concave lenses project their orthogonal projections onto the substrate, covering different pixel units.

[0008] In some embodiments, the concave lens layer is located on the side of the brightness enhancement layer away from the sub-pixel, and / or on the side closer to the sub-pixel.

[0009] In some embodiments, the plurality of concave lenses are seamlessly connected within the concave lens layer; and The concave surfaces of the plurality of concave lenses project onto the substrate, covering the substrate.

[0010] In some embodiments, one surface of the concave lens is a horizontal plane, and the other surface is the concave surface; and The concave surface is located on the side of the horizontal plane away from the sub-pixel; or, the concave surface is located on the side of the horizontal plane closer to the sub-pixel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the concave lens layer is in contact with one side surface of the brightness enhancement layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes a touch function layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device; The touch function layer includes a touch sensor and an optically transparent adhesive layer, with the concave lens layer located within the optically transparent adhesive layer.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a display device, the display device comprising: the display module described in the first aspect of this application.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The display panel proposed in this application achieves synergistic optimization of light extraction efficiency and viewing angle performance by stacking a brightness enhancement layer and a concave lens layer. The brightness enhancement layer effectively improves the front light extraction intensity of the light-emitting device, while the concave lens layer, with its unique optical structure, controls the divergence of the emitted light. Thus, while maintaining or even utilizing the high front brightness brought by the brightness enhancement layer, the active control of the light path by the concave lens compensates for brightness attenuation at large viewing angles, significantly improving the viewing angle characteristics of the display panel and resolving the contradiction between high light extraction efficiency and poor viewing angle attenuation. The composite structure formed by these two layers provides a compact and efficient solution for achieving high-performance displays.

[0015] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the scale in the drawings is for illustration only and does not represent the actual scale.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure proposed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the film layer position of a multilayer convex lens layer proposed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in an embodiment of this application, in which a concave lens covers a pixel unit; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biconcave lens proposed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a touch function layer proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure proposed in the embodiments of this application; Reference numerals: 1. Substrate; 2. Light-emitting device; 3. Brightness enhancement layer; 4. Concave lens layer; 401. Concave lens; 5. Encapsulation layer; 6. Touch function layer; 601. Touch sensor; 602. Optically transparent adhesive layer; 7. Planarization layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or at least two. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in this application, the main technical concepts involved in the embodiments of this application are briefly described below.

[0023] As the core interface for human-computer interaction, the optical performance of the display panel, especially its brightness and viewing angle, directly determines the user's visual experience. To improve display quality, the industry has continuously explored technologies to enhance light emission efficiency and improve viewing angle characteristics.

[0024] In terms of improving light extraction efficiency, traditional display panels, especially liquid crystal displays (LCDs), generally employ a structure including an absorptive polarizer (POL). However, this structure absorbs at least half of the backlight light, resulting in low light energy utilization and becoming a bottleneck restricting the improvement of display brightness and energy efficiency. To solve this problem, cholesteric liquid crystal film (CLC) has been introduced as a highly efficient alternative. CLC film possesses unique selective Bragg reflection characteristics, capable of reflecting circularly polarized light with the opposite rotation direction to its own helical structure, while allowing circularly polarized light with the same rotation direction to pass through. When this film is integrated into the display panel, the reflected light with the opposite rotation direction can return again via reflective components in the backlight system, undergoing a rotation reversal in the process, thus gaining a second chance for emission. Through this light recovery mechanism, compared to the traditional POL solution, CLC film can improve the light extraction efficiency of the display panel by up to 20% to 35%, achieving higher brightness while also bringing significant energy savings.

[0025] However, while CLC technology offers a significant advantage in light extraction efficiency, it also introduces a considerable side effect: a sharp deterioration in viewing angle attenuation (L-decay). The CLC film acts like a mirror for specifically circularly polarized light, its reflection strongly focusing the light towards the front normal. This results in extremely high brightness when viewed from the front, but as the viewing angle increases, the light intensity rapidly decreases. This manifests as enhanced frontal light extraction, while the image appears dim and color distorted at wide viewing angles, severely impacting the user experience when viewing content from the side. A seemingly irreconcilable contradiction exists between light extraction efficiency and wide viewing angle characteristics.

[0026] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a display panel that achieves synergistic optimization of light extraction efficiency and viewing angle performance by stacking a brightness enhancement layer (e.g., a cholesteric liquid crystal film) with a concave lens layer. The brightness enhancement layer effectively increases the front light emission intensity of the light-emitting device, while the concave lens layer, with its unique optical structure, controllably diverges the emitted light. This maintains or even utilizes the high front brightness provided by the brightness enhancement layer while compensating for brightness attenuation at wide viewing angles through active control of the light path by the concave lens. Consequently, the viewing angle characteristics of the display panel are significantly improved, resolving the contradiction between high light extraction efficiency and poor viewing angle attenuation.

[0027] The first aspect of this application provides a display panel, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel is shown, such as Figure 1 As shown, the display panel includes: substrate1; Multiple sub-pixels located on one side of the substrate 1, each sub-pixel including a light-emitting device 2; The light enhancement layer 3 is located on the side of the light-emitting device 2 away from the substrate 1, and is used to increase the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device; At least one concave lens layer 4 is stacked with the light enhancement layer 3 on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device 2; the concave lens layer 4 includes a plurality of concave lenses 401, the surface of each concave lens 401 near and / or away from the substrate 1 is concave, and the orthogonal projection of each concave lens 401 on the substrate 1 covers at least one sub-pixel.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the orthographic projection of the brightness enhancement layer 3 onto the substrate 1 covers the plurality of sub-pixels and the entire substrate 1. In some embodiments, the brightness enhancement layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal film configured to selectively reflect circularly polarized light of a predetermined rotation direction.

[0029] In some embodiments, the concave lens layer is located on the side of the brightness enhancement layer away from the sub-pixel, and / or on the side closer to the sub-pixel.

[0030] The concave lens layer is used to diverge light, and therefore can be located on either side of the brightness enhancement layer (cholesterol phase liquid crystal film). Specifically, for example... Figure 1 As shown, the concave lens layer 4 is located on the side of the brightness enhancement layer 3 closest to the sub-pixel. The light propagation path is as follows: emitted from the light-emitting device 2 of the sub-pixel → first enters the concave lens layer 4 → the light is pre-diverged → enters the brightness enhancement layer (CLC film) 3 for light recovery and efficiency improvement. In this configuration, the concave lens plays a pre-modulation role. It first moderately disperses the relatively concentrated light emitted from the sub-pixel before it is processed by the CLC film. This may change the angle distribution of light incident on the CLC film, which may help suppress certain color shift problems caused by the strong angle dependence of the CLC film, and achieve control over the final emitted light field from another dimension.

[0031] Or, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another display panel structure is shown, such as Figure 2 As shown, the concave lens layer 4 is located on the side of the brightness enhancement layer 3 furthest from the sub-pixel (the light-emitting side). The propagation path of light is as follows: emitted from the light-emitting device 2 of the sub-pixel → light is recovered and enhanced through the brightness enhancement layer (CLC film) 3 → enters the concave lens layer 4 located above the CLC film → the light is diverged and emitted. In this configuration, the concave lens mainly performs the final path modulation on the emitted light after it has been selected and converged by the CLC film, and is directly responsible for improving the viewing angle characteristics that finally reach the human eye.

[0032] Alternatively, the convex lens layer can have multiple layers, such as two layers, combining the two single-sided configurations described above, with concave lens layers provided on both the incident and emitting sides of the CLC film. (See reference...) Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the film layer positions of a multilayer convex lens is shown, as follows. Figure 3 As shown, the convex lens layer 4 can have two layers, located on either side of the brightness enhancement layer 3. One convex lens layer is located on the side of the brightness enhancement layer furthest from the sub-pixel, and the other convex lens layer is located on the side of the brightness enhancement layer closest to the sub-pixel. This constitutes a complex optical control system. The concave lens on the light-incident side performs pre-divergence, and the concave lens on the light-outcanceling side performs re-divergence. By designing and optimizing the parameters (such as curvature) of these two lens layers separately, more precise and three-dimensional control of the optical path can be achieved, potentially leading to optimal viewing angle improvement and best brightness uniformity.

[0033] In some embodiments, the plurality of concave lenses are seamlessly connected within the concave lens layer; and The concave surfaces of the plurality of concave lenses project onto the substrate, covering the substrate.

[0034] The concave surface of the concave lens layer is a continuous optical modulation surface that is completely concave and has no flat areas. It ensures that the light emitted from any sub-pixel of the display panel will be refracted by a concave lens structure when it is emitted, and thus be optically modulated.

[0035] Specifically, the seamless connection between the multiple concave lenses means that they are not isolated and discretely distributed, but exist in a continuous, gapless array in the direction parallel to the substrate. Any two adjacent concave lenses are directly connected at their boundaries, without any flat, non-concave transition regions or platforms in between. From a microscopic morphology perspective, the light-emitting surface of the entire concave lens layer is a continuously undulating wave-like surface composed of countless concave units directly spliced ​​together. When observed from the front of the display panel (perpendicular to the substrate), the shadows cast by the concave surfaces of all the lenses can completely cover the entire effective display area of ​​the substrate, geometrically ensuring that every point on the light-emitting surface has optical path modulation capabilities and there are no optical blind spots. Since the entire light-emitting surface is covered by concave lenses, it ensures that all areas from the center to the edge of the panel have completely consistent light divergence capabilities. This avoids brightness or color unevenness caused by local flat areas, making the brightness decay of the entire screen smooth, continuous, and uniform when viewed from different angles, greatly improving visual consistency.

[0036] In some embodiments, the orthogonal projection of the concave lens onto the substrate corresponds to covering one of the sub-pixels; and The center point of the orthographic projection pattern of the concave lens on the substrate coincides with the center point of the orthographic projection pattern of the light-emitting device of the covered sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0037] Specifically, the orthographic projection of the concave lens onto the substrate corresponds to the sub-pixel, indicating that the arrangement density of the concave lens array is consistent with the arrangement density of the sub-pixels, forming a microscopic optical architecture in which a concave lens is primarily responsible for modulating the light emitted from a specific sub-pixel. The center point of the orthographic projection pattern of the concave lens onto the substrate coincides with the center point of the orthographic projection pattern of the light-emitting device of the covered sub-pixel onto the substrate. This requires that the optical center (usually also its optical axis position) of each concave lens must be strictly aligned with the light-emitting center of the sub-pixel it covers in the vertical projection. This ensures that the main light ray emitted from the sub-pixel will propagate along the optical central axis of the concave lens. The center coincidence ensures that the light emitted from the sub-pixel can be incident orthogonally onto the central region of the concave lens. This minimizes aberrations caused by off-axis incidence, allowing the concave lens to operate according to its ideal optical design, achieving the most efficient and least distorted light divergence effect.

[0038] In some embodiments, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units, and each pixel unit includes a plurality of sub-pixels; Each concave lens projects its orthogonal projection onto the substrate, covering one pixel unit, and different concave lenses project their orthogonal projections onto the substrate, covering different pixel units.

[0039] Specifically, a pixel is the smallest unit that constitutes complete color information. In the most common RGB arrangement, it consists of one red sub-pixel, one green sub-pixel, and one blue sub-pixel. (See reference...) Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a concave lens covers a pixel unit is shown, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the orthographic projection of each concave lens 401 onto the substrate 1 covers one pixel unit, meaning the period of the concave lens array is exactly the same as the arrangement period of the pixel units. Since one concave lens simultaneously covers three sub-pixels (R, G, and B), the different colors of light emitted by these three sub-pixels are modulated and diverged in exactly the same way by the same optical element before leaving the display panel. This ensures that their relative optical paths and spatial mixing relationships are maintained, thereby eliminating problems such as color mixing, saturation reduction, and edge fading caused by the independent and random scattering of light from different sub-pixels by different lenses. Furthermore, while diverging light to improve viewing angle, the original structural information of the image is preserved to the maximum extent. Because it processes the entire pixel unit as a whole, rather than destroying the color composition within the pixel, it better maintains image sharpness and detail while improving viewing angle attenuation.

[0040] In some embodiments, one surface of the concave lens is a horizontal plane, and the other surface is the concave surface; and The concave surface is located on the side of the horizontal plane away from the sub-pixel; or, the concave surface is located on the side of the horizontal plane closer to the sub-pixel.

[0041] In this embodiment, each concave lens in the concave lens layer can be a biconcave lens or a single concave lens. (Refer to...) Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a biconcave lens is shown, as follows. Figure 5 As shown, a biconcave lens refers to a lens where both the surfaces near and away from the sub-pixel are concave. Biconcave lenses have stronger light divergence capabilities (i.e., a shorter negative focal length) than single-concave lenses. With the same center thickness, their two curved surfaces can work together, providing more optimization freedom for optical design and helping to better correct aberrations. By optimizing the curvature of the two surfaces, specific divergence angles and better aberration control can be achieved in a more compact space, thereby precisely optimizing display uniformity and color consistency across the viewing angle.

[0042] A single concave lens refers to a lens where one surface is an optical plane and the other surface is a concave surface. In this embodiment, when the concave lens is a single concave lens, the concave surface can be on the surface of the concave lens closest to the substrate, i.e., the concave surface faces the light source (sub-pixel), and the plane faces outward. In this configuration, light is first refracted by the concave interface and then emitted through the plane interface. Alternatively, the concave lens can also be on the surface opposite to the substrate, with the plane facing the light source (sub-pixel) and the concave surface facing outward. In this configuration, light first passes through the plane interface and then is diverged by the concave interface. The plane side is easier to bond firmly and without bubbles with other film layers. The orientation that is more conducive to integration can be selected according to the overall stacking structure.

[0043] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes a touch function layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device; The touch function layer includes a touch sensor and an optically transparent adhesive layer, with the concave lens layer located within the optically transparent adhesive layer.

[0044] Specifically, the touch sensor is responsible for implementing touch detection functionality. It is typically a transparent electrode array based on principles of capacitance and resistance. The optically transparent adhesive layer acts as an adhesive and optical medium, filling, bonding, and protecting the touch sensor while ensuring high light transmittance. In this embodiment, a concave lens layer can be integrated into the optically transparent adhesive layer of the touch functional layer, using the optically transparent adhesive to fabricate the concave lens layer.

[0045] The concave lens layer can be located in the middle of the optically transparent adhesive layer or on one side. (See reference...) Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a touch function layer is shown, such as Figure 6As shown, the touch function layer 6 includes a stacked touch sensor 601 and an optically transparent adhesive layer 602. The optically transparent adhesive layer 602 also includes a planarization layer 7. The planarization layer 7 contacts the concave lens 401 and is located on the side where the concave surface of the concave lens 401 is located, thereby planarizing the surface and facilitating the subsequent fabrication of the film layer. Furthermore, both the planarization layer and the concave lens layer are made of optically transparent adhesive material, and the refractive index of the optically transparent adhesive material used in the planarization layer is lower than that used in the concave lens layer.

[0046] In this embodiment, the concave lens structure is directly fabricated or molded within or onto the surface of the optically transparent adhesive layer. In other words, the optically transparent adhesive layer serves as both the encapsulating adhesive for the touch module and the carrier material for the concave lens structure. By integrating the concave lens function into the inherent optical adhesive layer of the touch module, a separate concave lens film and its associated adhesive layer are eliminated. This directly leads to a reduction in the overall thickness of the display module and a simplification of its structure, aligning with the ongoing trend towards thinner and lighter display devices. Simultaneously, since the concave lens structure is integrally molded with the optical adhesive layer, the number of interfaces resulting from traditional film layer stacking is reduced. Fewer interfaces mean lower interface reflection loss, which helps improve overall light transmittance and contrast, and also reduces reliability risks such as delamination and bubbles caused by poor interface adhesion.

[0047] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes: The encapsulation layer located on the side of the sub-pixel opposite to the substrate; The concave lens layer and the brightening layer include at least the encapsulation layer.

[0048] In some embodiments, the concave lens layer is in contact with one surface of the brightness enhancement layer. Specifically, other film layers (e.g., encapsulation layers) may be disposed between the concave lens layer and the brightness enhancement layer, see reference. Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another display panel structure is shown, such as Figure 7 As shown, the concave lens layer 4 can be disposed below the encapsulation layer 5, so that other film layers (such as...) are disposed between the concave lens layer 4 and the brightness enhancement layer 3. Figure 7 Including encapsulation layer 5 and touch function layer 6). The two can also be in direct contact (e.g., ...). Figure 1(As shown). The concave lens structure is directly fabricated on the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal film, forming a composite optical film that simultaneously improves light recovery efficiency and enhances viewing angle through light path divergence. This reduces the overall thickness and weight of the display module, eliminates one layer of film material and the adhesive layer required for bonding, and simplifies the bill of materials and assembly process. Furthermore, light reflected or transmitted from the CLC film immediately enters the concave lens structure and is modulated, avoiding diffusion, scattering, or crosstalk that may occur when light propagates between two independent film layers, ensuring precise realization of the optical design and purer color performance. The most precise integration is achieved during the film material production stage, resulting in structural stability and durability far superior to multi-layer structures temporarily attached on the panel production line. This fundamentally avoids reliability risks such as interlayer peeling, bubble introduction, or deformation caused by uneven thermal expansion and contraction, thus extending product lifespan.

[0049] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes: an encapsulation layer located on the side of the sub-pixel opposite to the substrate; the concave lens layer and the brightness enhancement layer are located on the side of the encapsulation layer opposite to the substrate.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the display panel may also include an encapsulation layer 5, and may also include other functional film layers, such as a touch function layer 6, located on the side of the encapsulation layer 5 facing away from the substrate 1. The brightness enhancement layer (CLC film) 3 and the concave lens layer 4 can be used as relatively independent optical films in the later stages, sequentially attached to the display panel that has already undergone thin-film encapsulation (e.g., attached to...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 (The outer side of the touch function layer 6 shown). This design reduces manufacturing complexity and risk because it allows for the optimization and addition of optical functions without requiring changes to the core display device fabrication process.

[0051] In some embodiments, the concave lens layer is fabricated using a photomask with easily adjustable transmittance. Specifically, a photomask with gradient transmittance is used to control the exposure distribution of the photoresist, thereby forming the desired concave lens structure in a single step. The specific fabrication process is as follows: Substrate preparation and adhesive application: On a substrate with the corresponding functional film layer already applied, a layer of positive photoresist of a certain thickness is coated. The thickness of the photoresist needs to be slightly greater than or equal to the maximum depth of the target concave lens.

[0052] Gradient photomask exposure. A grayscale photomask is placed above the photoresist. The transmittance of different areas of this photomask is not binary (completely transparent or completely blocked), but rather continuously varying. At the center of the target concave lens, the photomask has the lowest transmittance (closest to complete blockage); at the edge of the concave lens, the photomask has the highest transmittance (closest to complete transmission). During ultraviolet exposure, the exposure dose received by different areas of the photoresist thus forms a corresponding gradient: the central area receives the least exposure, and the edge area receives the most.

[0053] The exposed substrate is then developed. A characteristic of positive photoresist is that the exposed areas dissolve in the developer. Due to the gradient distribution of exposure, the dissolution rate and amount of photoresist also exhibit gradient changes: in the edge regions receiving the highest exposure, the photoresist is completely removed down to the substrate; in the central regions receiving the lowest exposure, the photoresist is retained at its thickest point; and in the intermediate regions, the transition is smooth. Ultimately, after development, the photoresist layer naturally and precisely forms a concave lens shape with a smooth surface and continuous curvature. This photoresist concave lens structure can be used directly as an optical element, or it can be used as a master template to transfer its pattern to the underlying substrate (such as an optical resist layer) through an etching process to obtain a more durable lens structure.

[0054] The fabrication method proposed in this embodiment is essentially a one-step photolithography process, eliminating the need for complex and difficult-to-control thermal reflow annealing steps and multiple patterning exposures. The lens forming process is simplified to three standard steps: "resin coating - exposure - development," greatly simplifying the process and improving production efficiency and yield. Since the removal of the photoresist is a continuous process controlled by an exposure gradient, the resulting concave lens structure inherently possesses a smooth surface and perfect continuity, fundamentally avoiding problems such as uneven surface tension and imperfect shape that may arise from thermal reflow technology.

[0055] The display panel proposed in the first aspect of this application achieves synergistic optimization of light extraction efficiency and viewing angle performance by stacking a brightness enhancement layer and a concave lens layer. The brightness enhancement layer effectively improves the front light extraction intensity of the light-emitting device, while the concave lens layer, with its unique optical structure, controls the divergence of the emitted light. This maintains or even utilizes the high front brightness provided by the brightness enhancement layer, while actively controlling the light path through the concave lens to compensate for brightness attenuation at wide viewing angles. This significantly improves the viewing angle characteristics of the display panel, resolving the contradiction between high light extraction efficiency and poor viewing angle attenuation. The composite structure formed by these two layers provides a compact and efficient solution for achieving high-performance displays.

[0056] A second aspect of this application also provides a display device, the display device comprising: the display panel described in the first aspect of this application.

[0057] The display panel proposed in this embodiment can be an OLED. The aforementioned display device can be any product or component with display function, such as a television, digital camera, mobile phone, or tablet computer.

[0058] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0060] The above provides a detailed description of a display panel and display device provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0061] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0062] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

[0063] The terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" as used herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Furthermore, please note that the examples of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0064] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0065] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. This application can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized by, The display panel comprises: a substrate; a plurality of sub-pixels located on one side of the substrate, the sub-pixels comprising light-emitting devices; a light-enhancing layer located on a side of the light-emitting devices away from the substrate, for increasing light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting devices; at least one concave lens layer, the at least one concave lens layer being arranged in a stack with the light-enhancing layer on a light-emitting side of the light-emitting devices; the concave lens layer comprising a plurality of concave lenses, each of the concave lenses having a concave surface close to and / or away from the substrate, and each of the concave lenses having a normal projection on the substrate covering at least one sub-pixel.

2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The light-enhancing layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal film, and the cholesteric liquid crystal film is configured to selectively reflect circularly polarized light of a predetermined handedness.

3. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The normal projection of the concave lens on the substrate corresponds to covering one of the sub-pixels; and A center point of a normal projection pattern of the concave lens on the substrate coincides with a center point of a normal projection pattern of a light-emitting device of the covered sub-pixel on the substrate.

4. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units, each of the pixel units comprising a plurality of sub-pixels; Each of the concave lenses has a normal projection on the substrate covering one of the pixel units, and different concave lenses have normal projections on the substrate covering different pixel units.

5. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The concave lens layer is located on a side of the light-enhancing layer away from the sub-pixels and / or on a side of the light-enhancing layer close to the sub-pixels.

6. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, In the concave lens layer, the plurality of concave lenses are seamlessly connected; and Normal projections of the concave surfaces of the plurality of concave lenses on the substrate cover the substrate.

7. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, One side surface of the concave lens is a horizontal surface, and the other side surface is the concave surface; and The concave surface is located on a side of the horizontal surface away from the sub-pixels, or the concave surface is located on a side of the horizontal surface close to the sub-pixels.

8. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The concave lens layer is in contact with one side surface of the light-enhancing layer.

9. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The display panel further comprises a touch function layer arranged on a light-emitting side of the light-emitting devices; The touch function layer comprises a touch sensor and an optically transparent adhesive layer, and the concave lens layer is located in the optically transparent adhesive layer.

10. A display device comprising: The display device comprises the display panel of any one of claims 1-9.

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