Precise laser self-adaptive etching device and control method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of precision laser self-adaptive etching device and control method, belong to laser processing field.The main frame and the electric pump feeding mechanism, pressing mechanism, laser marking mechanism, automatic discharge mechanism and unqualified product discharge mechanism mounted thereon are included, feeding mechanism is located in the left side of workbench surface, and electric pump is transported to the initial position of laser marking mechanism;Laser marking mechanism is located in the right side of feeding mechanism, automatic discharge mechanism is located in the rear of laser marking mechanism, and unqualified product discharge mechanism is located in the side of automatic discharge mechanism, to realize the automatic feeding and laser marking integration of electric pump.The present application realizes the full-process automation operation of electric pump from feeding to finished product output, greatly reduces manual participation, significantly improves production efficiency;It can realize the continuous marking of workpiece multi-angle, multiple surface, significantly expand the application range of equipment;While reducing production cost, improve product quality stability and equipment comprehensive use value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a precision laser adaptive etching device and control method, applicable to laser etching of automotive electric pumps, to facilitate quality traceability marking. Background Technology

[0002] In electric pump production, permanent markings need to be engraved on the pump body surface to meet product quality traceability requirements. Currently, the commonly used marking processes mainly employ the following methods: 1. Manual molding: Relies on manual operation, resulting in irregular marking arrangements, inconsistent depth, and unstable quality, making it difficult to meet the needs of mass production. 2. Electrochemical etching: Only applicable to conductive materials, resulting in shallow marking depth, poor adhesion, and short service life. 3. Traditional pneumatic marking machines: Computer-controlled printing needles move along a certain trajectory in the X and Y two-dimensional planes while undergoing high-frequency impact motion under compressed air, thus printing marks of a certain depth on the workpiece; mostly single-needle, resulting in low efficiency; insufficient automation, often requiring manual assistance; inconvenient marking position adjustment; lack of integration with upstream and downstream processes, leading to a long overall production cycle; and the control precision of marking depth and speed needs improvement. Simultaneously, existing laser marking equipment often lacks effective integration with material loading, unloading, and quality inspection processes, resulting in long production cycles and frequent manual intervention, making it difficult to meet the modern manufacturing industry's production needs for flexibility, intelligence, and quality traceability. Therefore, a new type of marking device is needed that can achieve adaptive workpiece position correction, highly integrate the marking process, and have online quality judgment capabilities to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precision laser adaptive etching device and control method, solving the problems of poor adaptability, low automation, and difficulty in ensuring marking consistency that are commonly found in existing electric pump marking equipment in practical production applications. Especially in scenarios involving multiple models and small batches of parallel production, traditional fixed marking equipment typically relies on manual adjustment or mechanical repositioning of the workpiece, resulting in long changeover times, low positioning accuracy, and susceptibility to quality defects such as misaligned marking and unclear characters due to clamping errors, workpiece rotation deviations, or positional shifts. This invention solves the problem that traditional marking machines cannot adapt to the differences in size and marking position of different electric pump models. This invention achieves flexible production of different electric pump models, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed marking machines and improving equipment applicability and marking coverage. Through the synergistic optimization of structural design and control methods, this invention demonstrates significant advantages in equipment flexibility, marking accuracy, and production efficiency.

[0004] The above-mentioned objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A precision laser adaptive etching device includes a main frame and, mounted on the main frame, an electric pump feeding mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a laser marking mechanism, an automatic unloading mechanism, and a defective product unloading mechanism. The electric pump feeding mechanism is located on the left side of the worktable and is used to transport the electric pump to the initial position of the laser marking mechanism. The laser marking mechanism is located on the right side of the electric pump feeding mechanism and is used to mark the electric pump. The automatic unloading mechanism is located behind the laser marking mechanism and is used to unload qualified products. The defective product unloading mechanism is located beside the automatic unloading mechanism and is used to remove defective products. This device integrates automatic feeding of the electric pump and laser marking.

[0006] The laser marking mechanism includes a marking mechanism motion module, a laser etching module, and an electric pump rotation module. The marking mechanism motion module serves as the support and moving platform for the laser etching module. Driven by a stepper motor, it enables the laser galvanometer marking head to perform precise two-dimensional movement within the workspace. The laser etching module is the terminal that completes the marking function. Its integrated miniature industrial camera performs visual positioning and angle detection of the electric pump before marking, feeding back the calculated position and angle deviation information to the control system, thereby achieving dynamic trajectory compensation of the electric pump without physical adjustment. After marking one surface is completed, if other surfaces of the electric pump need to be processed, the electric pump rotation module will intervene: its rotating cylinder drives the electric pump fixed on it to rotate precisely 90 degrees, adjusting the surface to be processed to face the laser galvanometer marking head; the marking mechanism motion module includes cylinder two, guide rail two, slider two and support plate. The support plate is fixedly connected to slider two on guide rail two. Cylinder two drives the support plate and slider two to move back and forth on guide rail two. Cylinder three is fixed on the support plate and moves synchronously with the support plate. Cylinder three drives the marking machine housing to move back and forth on guide rail two.

[0007] The laser etching module includes a laser galvanometer marking head, a stepper motor, a transmission pulley, a guide rail, a slider, an air pump, and a miniature industrial camera. The laser galvanometer marking head is fixed on the slider. Two sets of stepper motors drive the transmission pulley to move the slider along the guide rail, realizing the left-right and up-down movement of the laser galvanometer marking head. The laser beam output from the laser generator is precisely guided into the laser galvanometer marking head to complete the marking process of the electric pump.

[0008] The electric pump rotation module includes a rotary cylinder and a connecting plate. The rotary cylinder is connected to the electric pump through the connecting plate and drives the electric pump to rotate 90 degrees. The electric pump is connected to the rotary cylinder through a connecting block.

[0009] In the motion module of the marking mechanism, cylinder two is connected to the support plate, and slider two is installed at the bottom of the support plate. Slider two cooperates with guide rail two. Cylinder three is fixed on the support plate, and its piston rod is connected to the outer shell of the marking machine.

[0010] In the laser etching module, two sets of stepper motors and transmission pulleys control the left-right and up-down movement of the laser galvanometer marking head, respectively; the laser generator is connected to the laser galvanometer marking head via an optical fiber to perform laser etching.

[0011] In the laser etching module, a miniature industrial camera is mounted next to or along the coaxial optical path of the laser galvanometer marking head, moving with it. Before marking, the miniature industrial camera photographs feature points on the surface of the electric pump, such as screw holes and edges, and calculates the actual rotation angle deviation and position coordinate deviation of the electric pump using image processing algorithms. Dynamic compensation: The system does not require mechanical adjustment of the electric pump position; instead, it uses algorithms to superimpose deviation values ​​onto the marking trajectory, directing the stepper motor to complete the "corrected" trajectory. Online quality inspection: After marking, the miniature industrial camera photographs the marked area again, using OCR optical character recognition technology to compare the printed characters with preset characters, automatically determining whether there are any omissions or unclear markings.

[0012] The rotating cylinder of the electric pump rotating module is a 90-degree rotating cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the base of the electric pump through a connecting plate, driving the electric pump to rotate 90 degrees.

[0013] The clamping mechanism includes a bracket, a connecting arm, a guide rod, a cylinder upper support plate, a variable diameter connecting seat, and a clamping head. The bracket is fixed to the profile, and the connecting arm extends horizontally to provide support. The guide rod passes through the connecting arm to achieve vertical guidance. The clamping mechanism is coaxially fixed from top to bottom through the cylinder upper support plate, the variable diameter connecting seat, and the clamping head at the end.

[0014] The electric pump feeding mechanism includes profile two, connecting parts, a rod cylinder one, a pusher one, an infrared sensor, a guide rail one, a stop block, a mechanical gripper, a platform one, a gripper fixing seat, a cylinder one, and a slider one. The guide rail one is installed on the side of profile two, and the slider one is installed on the guide rail one, achieving a sliding fit. The gripper fixing seat is connected to the mechanical gripper and fixed on the slider one, while providing horizontal driving force through the cylinder one. The platform one is installed at the bottom of the frame, and the pusher one is arranged at the feeding end of the platform one. The pusher one is driven by the rod cylinder one, and together with the stop block and infrared sensor at the end, forms a complete automatic feeding system with automatic sensing, precise positioning, and horizontal transfer. During operation, the rod cylinder one transports the electric pump to the mechanical gripper. After the infrared sensor detects the position, the slider one moves the electric pump to the next step via the guide rail one. After the stop block passes the detected position, it pushes the electric pump to the marking position.

[0015] The automatic feeding mechanism includes a pusher, a linear guide rail, a guide rail slider, a cylinder, a cylinder body fixing bracket, a piston rod connecting plate, a fixing bracket, and a monitoring camera. The linear guide rail is fixed on the fixing bracket, and the guide rail slider is sleeved on the outside of the linear guide rail, forming a sliding pair. The cylinder body of the cylinder is locked to the profile through the cylinder body bracket, and the axis of the cylinder is strictly parallel to the extension direction of the linear guide rail. The end of the piston rod of the cylinder is connected to one end of the piston rod connecting plate, and the other end of the piston rod connecting plate is connected to the guide rail slider. The cylinder drives the guide rail slider to slide along the linear guide rail. The root of the pusher is fixed on the guide rail slider. When the guide rail slider moves, the pusher moves synchronously to complete the task of pushing qualified products into the material rack.

[0016] The defective product unloading mechanism includes a second rod cylinder, a base bracket, a second loading platform, and a storage tray. The second rod cylinder is used to push the defective products into the storage tray. The base bracket is fixed to the ground, and the second rod cylinder is horizontally fixed to the top of two sets of base brackets. The axis of the second rod cylinder is perpendicular to the side of the second loading platform, and a push head is installed at the front end of the push rod of the second rod cylinder. The storage tray is installed on the side of the second loading platform away from the second rod cylinder, and the inlet end of the storage tray is tightly connected to the outlet edge of the second loading platform.

[0017] Another objective of this invention is to provide an adaptive control method for a precision laser adaptive etching apparatus. This method achieves adaptive etching for different models, sizes, and installation deviations without requiring mechanical repositioning of the electric pump. The method includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: After the electric pump enters the laser etching module, a miniature industrial camera installed next to the laser galvanometer marking head is used to capture feature images of the electric pump surface.

[0019] Step 2: Analyze the feature image based on the image processing algorithm to calculate the translational deviation and rotational angle deviation of the electric pump relative to the preset marking position;

[0020] Step 3: Based on the translational deviation and rotational angle deviation, the preset laser etching trajectory is corrected in real time to generate a compensated etching trajectory;

[0021] Step 4: Control the stepper motor and laser etching module to perform laser etching according to the compensated etching trajectory;

[0022] Step 5: After etching is completed, the etched area image is acquired again, and the etching quality is judged based on the character recognition results to achieve adaptive separation of qualified and unqualified products.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. Compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves groundbreaking innovations in both the structural form and control strategy of the marking equipment. This invention is the first to deeply integrate adaptive correction technology into an integrated laser etching device. By dynamically arranging an industrial camera on the laser galvanometer marking head, it acquires real-time surface feature information of the workpiece (electric pump) and performs online calculation and trajectory compensation for translation and rotation errors based on image algorithms, fundamentally changing the traditional marking mode that relies on high-precision clamping and manual adjustment. Simultaneously, this invention achieves dynamic relative positioning between the marking module and the workpiece through a multi-cylinder collaborative drive spatial avoidance and position adjustment structure. This allows a single device to cover the differentiated marking needs of multiple electric pump models, truly realizing flexible production of "one machine for multiple models." Furthermore, combined with online character recognition and quality judgment mechanisms, this invention constructs a closed-loop control system from positioning and etching to detection and diversion, significantly improving the intelligence level and industrial application value of the marking system.

[0025] 2. The adaptive technology of this invention is mainly reflected in the deep integration of machine vision perception, error recognition, and marking motion control, achieving real-time perception and dynamic compensation of the workpiece's position and state. This invention deploys an industrial vision acquisition unit near the marking execution mechanism to collect real-time data on the workpiece's outline, feature marks, or reference areas after it enters the marking station. Based on image processing algorithms, it automatically identifies the workpiece's deviation parameters in the translational and rotational directions. The control system dynamically adjusts the laser etching trajectory or the relative motion path of the laser galvanometer marking head according to the identification results, enabling the marking process to adaptively match the actual posture of the workpiece without relying on high-precision mechanical positioning or manual secondary calibration. This visual servo adaptive method effectively eliminates the marking position drift problem caused by feeding errors, clamping deviations, or individual workpiece differences, giving the marking system the ability to self-learn and self-correct random workpiece postures. This significantly improves the adaptability and stability of the equipment in complex working conditions and multi-model mixed-line production environments, demonstrating a higher level of intelligence and industrial application value compared to traditional fixed-track marking methods. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate the invention and are used to explain it, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main framework of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electric pump feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electric pump feeding mechanism of the present invention from another angle;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laser marking mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the motion module of the laser marking mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the laser etching module structure of the laser marking mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the electric pump rotation module structure of the laser marking mechanism of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the non-conforming product unloading mechanism of the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Main frame; 11. Profile 1; 12. Workbench; 13. Support frame; 2. Electric pump feeding mechanism: 201. Profile 2; 202. Connecting piece; 203. Rod cylinder 1; 204. Push handle 1; 205. Infrared sensor; 206. Guide rail 1; 207. Stop block; 208. Mechanical gripper; 209. Platform 1; 210. Gripper fixing seat; 211. Cylinder 1; 212. Slider 1; 3. Clamping mechanism; 31. Bracket; 32. Connecting arm; 33. Guide rod; 34. Cylinder upper support plate; 35. Variable diameter 36. Connecting seat; 4. Pressing head; 5. Laser marking mechanism; 6. Marking mechanism motion module; 7. Laser etching module; 8. Electric pump rotation module; 9. Cylinder II; 10. Guide rail II; 11. Slider II; 12. Support plate; 13. Cylinder III; 14. Marking machine housing; 15. Laser galvanometer marking head; 16. Stepper motor; 17. Transmission pulley; 18. Guide rail III; 19. Slider III; 20. Laser generator; 21. Miniature industrial camera; 22. Rotary cylinder; 33. Connecting plate; 433. Connecting block; 434. Electric pump; 5. Automatic feeding mechanism; 51. Pusher II; 52. Linear guide rail; 53. Guide rail slider; 54. Cylinder IV; 55. Cylinder body bracket; 56. Piston rod connecting plate; 57. Fixed bracket; 58. Monitoring camera; 6. Defective product feeding mechanism; 61. Rod cylinder II; 62. Foot bracket; 63. Platform II; 64. Storage tray. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] See Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the precision laser adaptive etching device and control method of this invention are applicable to marking scenarios on electric pumps in the field of engineering machinery. This invention adopts a modular integrated design, organically combining the feeding, clamping, marking, rotating, and unloading mechanisms to achieve fully automated operation of the electric pump from feeding to finished product output, significantly reducing manual intervention and greatly improving production efficiency. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the multi-axis motion mechanism and the rotating module, continuous marking of workpieces at multiple angles and on multiple surfaces can be achieved, significantly expanding the applicability of the equipment. In addition, an adaptive correction mechanism based on visual servoing is introduced, which can dynamically compensate for installation errors and positional deviations of the workpiece without requiring mechanical repositioning, effectively ensuring the consistency of marking position and character quality. This reduces production costs while improving product quality stability and the overall value of the equipment. The function of this invention is to perform laser marking on the electric pump body. The marking position of the electric pump is adjustable, and unqualified products that fail to be marked by the electric pump can be rejected, completing a continuous production line operation. During the feeding of the electric pump to be processed, the equipment can simultaneously complete the marking work of the electric pump and the unloading work of the electric pump for the laser marking process. These processes are carried out at the same time, which can greatly improve production efficiency.

[0041] See Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the precision laser adaptive etching device of the present invention includes a main frame 1, an electric pump feeding mechanism 2, a clamping mechanism 3, a laser marking mechanism 4, an automatic unloading mechanism 5, and a defective product unloading mechanism 6. It integrates automatic feeding of the electric pump and laser marking, improving production efficiency and quality while reducing labor costs. The electric pump feeding mechanism 2, clamping mechanism 3, laser marking mechanism 4, automatic unloading mechanism 5, and defective product unloading mechanism 6 are all mounted on the worktable 12 of the main frame 1. The main frame 1 provides a worktable for each module of the equipment. It mainly bears the weight of each module and the forces generated during clamping and marking. Therefore, during equipment operation, the main frame must meet requirements in terms of strength, rigidity, and safety. The main frame 1 is constructed from profile 11, worktable 12, support frame 13, etc. The profiles used include heavy-duty aluminum profiles of 40mm×80mm×1315mm and industrial aluminum profiles of 40mm×80mm×1712mm, etc. Some of these profiles have anchor holes on both sides, while others have anchor holes on one side. The profiles are mainly responsible for the overall connection and support of the equipment. The workbench is about 800mm above the ground and can be adjusted up and down within ±50mm using feet. The workbench and load-bearing structural components are welded from aluminum alloy plates. The aluminum alloy plates are fixed to the profiles as the workbench, providing a work surface for the various mechanisms of the equipment.

[0042] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the electric pump feeding mechanism 2 includes profile 201, connector 202, rod cylinder 203, pusher 204, infrared sensor 205, guide rail 206, stop block 207, mechanical gripper 208, platform 209, gripper fixing seat 210, cylinder 211, and slider 212. Specific installation: First, assemble profile 201 into a frame using connector 202; install guide rail 206 on the side of profile 201 and install slider 212 on guide rail 206 to achieve sliding engagement; then connect gripper fixing seat 210 to mechanical gripper 208 and fix it on slider 212, while providing horizontal driving force through cylinder 211; install platform 209 at the bottom of the frame and arrange pusher 204 at the feeding end of platform 209. Pusher 204 is driven by rod cylinder 203, and together with stop block 207 and infrared sensor 205 at the end, a complete automatic feeding system with automatic sensing, precise positioning, and horizontal transfer is finally formed. During operation, the rod cylinder 203 transports the electric pump 434 to the mechanical gripper 208. The position is detected by the infrared sensor 205, and the slider 212 realizes the next step of transport of the electric pump through the guide rail 206. After the stop block 207 passes the detection position, it pushes the electric pump to the marking position.

[0043] See Figure 5 As shown, the clamping mechanism 3 is designed to prevent the electric pump from vibrating, wobbling, or tipping over during the marking process, ensuring the accuracy of laser etching. The clamping mechanism works by using a guide rod 33 to drive the clamping head 36 to press the electric pump. The specific installation method is as follows: First, the bracket 31 is fixed to the profile 11, with the connecting arm 32 extending horizontally to provide support; then, the guide rod 33 passes through the connecting arm 32 to achieve vertical guidance. From top to bottom, the clamping head 36 is coaxially fixed via the cylinder upper support plate 34, the variable diameter connecting seat 35, and the end clamping head 36. When the power source, such as the cylinder, drives the pump, the thrust is transmitted through the guide rod 33, driving the clamping head 36 to press vertically downwards along a predetermined trajectory, achieving precise clamping of the electric pump.

[0044] See Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the laser marking mechanism 4 is used to print markings on the electric pump. It includes a marking mechanism motion module 41, a laser etching module 42, and an electric pump rotation module 43. To prevent interference between the laser galvanometer marking head 421 and the electric pump 434 to be processed, the marking machine housing 416 of the laser marking mechanism 4 needs to be moved back and forth by cylinder 3 415 before or after each marking operation. Since different models of electric pumps have different sizes, the position of the laser galvanometer marking head 421 in the laser marking mechanism 4 also needs to be finely adjusted to ensure good marking results. Considering the need to mark different surfaces of the same model of electric pump, the electric pump needs to be able to rotate to a suitable position to facilitate the marking process of the laser marking mechanism 4.

[0045] See Figure 7 As shown, the marking mechanism motion module 41 requires adjustment of the laser etching module 42's position to prevent interference between the laser galvanometer marking head 421 and the electric pump 434 to be processed, and to complete the marking work for different types of electric pumps. The marking mechanism motion module 41 is specifically installed as follows: the support plate 414 is fixedly connected to the slider 413 on the guide rail 412; the cylinder 411 drives the support plate 414 and slider 413 to move back and forth on the guide rail 412; the cylinder 415 is fixed to the support plate 414 and moves synchronously with it; the cylinder 415 drives the marking machine housing 416 to move back and forth on the guide rail 412. Through the cooperation of the cylinders 411 and 415, the movement of the laser etching module 42 is achieved.

[0046] See Figure 8As shown, the laser etching module 42 needs to enable the laser galvanometer marking head 421 to move left and right, up and down along the Y and Z directions on the guide rail 3 424, and to move back and forth along the X direction, so as to accurately complete the marking process. The laser galvanometer marking head 421 is fixed on the slider 3 425. The stepper motor 422 drives the transmission pulley 423 to drive the slider 3 425 to move along the guide rail 3 424, realizing the left and right and up and down movement of the laser galvanometer marking head 421. The laser generator 426 is precisely guided to the back and forth movement of the laser galvanometer marking head 421 through the optical fiber, together completing the marking process of the electric pump 434. In addition, a miniature industrial camera 427 is installed next to the laser galvanometer marking head 421 (or in a coaxial optical path) and moves with the laser galvanometer marking head 421. Before marking, the miniature industrial camera 427 takes pictures of the feature points (such as screw holes and edges) on the surface of the electric pump, and calculates the actual rotation angle deviation and position coordinate deviation of the electric pump 434 through the image processing algorithm.

[0047] See Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, since the laser marking mechanism 4 needs to mark different models of electric pumps and different surfaces of the electric pumps, the electric pump rotation module 43 needs to rotate the electric pump by a certain angle to facilitate the laser marking mechanism 4 in completing the marking work. The electric pump rotation module 43 includes a rotary cylinder 431 and a connecting plate 432. The rotary cylinder 431 is connected to the electric pump 434 through the connecting plate 432, driving the electric pump to rotate 90 degrees. The electric pump 434 is connected to the rotary cylinder 431 through the connecting block 433.

[0048] See Figure 10As shown, the automatic feeding mechanism 5 consists of a linear guide rail 52 fixedly mounted on a fixed bracket 57 of the equipment platform by bolts. During installation, the positioning reference surface of the bottom of the linear guide rail 52 is aligned with the stepped surface of the fixed bracket 57 to ensure the straightness of the linear guide rail 52 in the horizontal or vertical direction. A guide rail slider 53 is fitted onto the outside of the linear guide rail 52, forming a sliding pair. The balls inside the guide rail slider 53 are in close contact with the guide rail groove, providing a low-friction, high-precision linear motion trajectory for subsequent feeding actions. The cylinder body of cylinder four 54 is locked to profile one 11 by a cylinder body bracket 55. During installation and positioning, it is necessary to ensure that the axial direction of cylinder four 54 is strictly parallel to the extension direction of the linear guide rail 52 to avoid lateral force generated by cylinder four 54 during extension and retraction, which could cause the mechanism to jam or wear. The piston rod end of cylinder 4 54 is connected to one end of piston rod connecting plate 56 by thread or pin, and the other end of piston rod connecting plate 56 is fixed to guide rail slider 53 by bolts or hinge. Thus, the linear reciprocating motion of cylinder 4 54 is transmitted to guide rail slider 53, driving guide rail slider 53 to slide along linear guide rail 52. Pusher 2 51, as a direct actuator, is fixed at its root to guide rail slider 53, and its installation height and horizontal position are preset according to the material rack and product dimensions. When monitoring camera 58 detects whether a product is qualified, guide rail slider 53 moves, and pusher 2 51 moves synchronously, pushing the qualified product into the material rack.

[0049] See Figure 11As shown, the function of the non-conforming product unloading mechanism 6 is to push the poorly performing electric pump into the non-conforming product bin after the laser etching process of the electric pump is completed. This invention uses a rod cylinder 61 to drive the electric pump to complete the non-conforming product unloading operation. Specific installation: The base bracket 62 serves as a support base, and its bottom is fixed to the profile 11 with bolts. The rod cylinder 61 is horizontally fixed to the top of the two sets of base brackets 62 through mounting holes on its bottom or side. The height of the base bracket 62 determines the center height of the cylinder push rod. This height needs to be precisely adjusted to ensure that when the cylinder piston rod extends, the push block at its end can accurately act on the center of gravity of the product on the platform 63, preventing it from tipping over or jamming. The axis of the rod cylinder 61 is perpendicular to the side of the platform 63. The push rod of the rod cylinder 61 is usually equipped with a push head, which is located outside the edge of the platform 63 in the initial state (retracted state). Stage 2 63 provides a static or dynamic support surface for the product. When the detection system issues a "non-conforming" command, rod cylinder 2 61 extends under air pressure, its pusher sweeping horizontally across the upper surface of stage 2 63 to complete the material feeding action. Storage tray 64 is installed on the side of stage 2 63 away from rod cylinder 2 61. The inlet end of storage tray 64 is tightly aligned with the outlet edge of stage 2 63. To ensure smooth feeding, the receiving port of storage tray 64 is typically slightly lower than the support surface of stage 2 63, forming a small height difference step (or flush alignment), allowing non-conforming products to slide smoothly into storage tray 64 using gravity or cylinder thrust. As shown in the figure, storage tray 64 has a certain tilt angle or guide groove design to automatically gather the products after they enter.

[0050] See Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the working process of the precision laser adaptive etching device of the present invention is as follows:

[0051] System initialization and loading: The operator sets the working mode (manual / automatic), laser etching parameters (such as power, frequency, speed, etc.), and marking content and path through the human-machine interface (HMI). After the system starts, it will perform a self-check procedure. The worker places the electric pump 434 to be processed on the electric pump loading mechanism 2, and the rod cylinder 203 pushes it to the initial position.

[0052] Workpiece clamping and conveying: After the infrared sensor 205 of the electric pump feeding mechanism 2 detects the electric pump 434, the mechanical gripper 208 will clamp the electric pump 434 and accurately convey it to the laser etching module 42.

[0053] Visual positioning and marking: For different models of electric pumps 434, the system uses cylinder 3 415 to drive support plate 414 to move back and forth along guide rail 3 424, adjusting the initial position of laser etching module 42 to adapt to the size of different electric pumps and avoid interference. Before marking, miniature industrial camera 427 captures the features of the electric pump 434 surface (such as screw holes and edges), and calculates the actual rotation angle deviation and position coordinate deviation of the electric pump through image processing algorithms. The system automatically compensates for these deviations and adjusts the marking trajectory. Stepper motor 422 drives transmission pulley 423 to control laser galvanometer marking head 421 to achieve three-dimensional precise positioning in the X, Y, and Z dimensions. Laser etching module 42 etches the surface of electric pump 434 according to the calibrated path.

[0054] Multi-face marking: If marking is required on other surfaces of the electric pump 434 (such as the top surface), the electric pump rotation module 43 will drive the electric pump 434 to rotate 90 degrees. After rotation, the system repeats step three (visual positioning and marking) to complete the multi-angle marking requirements. After marking is completed and reset, the laser marking mechanism 4 moves backward to reset, preparing for material unloading.

[0055] Quality confirmation and material unloading: The system or sensors confirm that the marking and processing status is complete.

[0056] Automatic feeding: If the processing is qualified, the automatic feeding mechanism 5 will transport the electric pump 434 to the material rack. If there is an abnormality (such as unclear marking or OCR recognition failure), the non-conforming product feeding mechanism 6 will be activated to remove the non-conforming electric pump 434 to the designated waste box (storage tray 64).

[0057] Loop or Stop: The system determines whether the operation needs to continue. If so, the process returns to the workpiece clamping and conveying steps.

[0058] See Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the precision laser adaptive etching device and control method of the present invention realizes automatic laser processing control of the equipment through an electrical control system and a pneumatic transmission system, and controls the state of the laser generator.

[0059] I. Core Functions:

[0060] Laser marking: Laser marking is performed on the pump body of the electric pump. The marking position is adjustable, and it can mark the depth and characters on a variety of metals and hard materials.

[0061] Quality control: Equipped with a defective product rejection mechanism, automatically identifying and selecting electric pumps with poor marking effects.

[0062] This invention achieves automated operation according to the following process:

[0063] Loading: The operator places the electric pump 434 in the loading position of the support plate 414. The cylinder 211 in the electric pump loading mechanism 2 pushes the electric pump 434 to the initial designated position.

[0064] Clamping and conveying: The mechanical gripper 208 clamps the electric pump 434 and conveys it to the laser etching module 42.

[0065] Marking: In the laser etching module 42, after the infrared sensor 205 detects that the electric pump is in place, the laser marking mechanism 4 adjusts the focal length by moving.

[0066] Marking action: Stepper motor 422 drives laser galvanometer marking head 421 to move in the Y and Z directions, and laser generator drives laser galvanometer marking head 421 to move in the X direction to complete marking.

[0067] Multi-sided marking: If marking is required on other sides of the electric pump 434, the electric pump rotation module 43 rotates the electric pump 434 90° via the rotation cylinder 431 to perform the next round of marking.

[0068] Marking mechanism reset: After marking is completed, the laser marking mechanism 4 moves to reset.

[0069] Product testing: Inspect whether the completed electric pump 434 is qualified.

[0070] II. Material preparation:

[0071] Qualified product: If qualified, the automatic feeding mechanism 5 will transport the electric pump 434 to the material rack.

[0072] Non-conforming products: If the product is non-conforming, the non-conforming product unloading mechanism 6 will push the electric pump 434 into the storage tray 64.

[0073] The entire process is repeated continuously, enabling intelligent production of electric pump laser etching.

[0074] III. Operation of the Control System:

[0075] The control system of this invention is divided into two parts: a pneumatic control system and an electronic control system, to achieve automated production requirements.

[0076] 1. Pneumatic control system: Based on the principle of pneumatic transmission, it uses compressed air as the working medium and drives and controls mechanical equipment through pneumatic control valves and control logic elements.

[0077] Main pneumatic components:

[0078] Cylinders: including various types such as rod cylinder 1 203, rod cylinder 2 61, cylinder 1 211, cylinder 2 411, cylinder 3 415, etc.

[0079] Solenoid valves: Airtac 4V21006A 2-position 5-way solenoid valve, Airtac 3V21006NCA / NOA 2-position 3-way solenoid valve.

[0080] Pressure regulating valve: Airtac GR30008F1 pressure regulating valve.

[0081] 2. Electrical control system:

[0082] Overall architecture: It consists of a central processing module, an information acquisition module, a cylinder drive module, a stepper motor drive module, a laser etching module, and a human-computer interaction module.

[0083] Core Controller: PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): An Omron CP1H-EX40DT-D model is used, featuring 24 digital inputs and 16 digital output interfaces. To meet signal acquisition requirements, four additional Omron CP1W-40EDR expansion I / O units are added. The PLC responds to commands issued by the HMI, controlling the equipment's operating status.

[0084] Microcontroller: The laser etching mechanism is controlled by a domestically produced STC 51 series microcontroller, which is responsible for compiling the G code and controlling the motion.

[0085] Human-Machine Interface (HMI): The hardware uses the MCGS industrial touch screen TPC1061ti model.

[0086] Function: Provides a bridge for user and system interaction. The HMI connects to the PLC via an Ethernet interface (TCP / IP protocol) to achieve data communication. The HMI can be used to select manual / automatic control modes, set the electric pump model and related parameters (such as travel distance), display fault information, and trigger alarms.

[0087] sensor:

[0088] Infrared sensor 205 (M6 metal sensing type): used for the control of automatic loading and unloading process of electric pump.

[0089] Photoelectric sensors (M4, M5, M6, M12 diffuse reflective type): detect the position of the electric pump.

[0090] Drive:

[0091] Stepper motor drive module: A4988 drive module (with heat sink) is used to drive stepper motor 422 in the laser etching mechanism.

[0092] Solid-state relay: controls the working state of laser generator 426 and handles the voltage difference between laser generator 426 and microcontroller and stepper motor 422.

[0093] Software design:

[0094] PLC program: written using Omron CX-Programmer, including automatic and manual modes, and subroutines such as loading and marking.

[0095] HMI Interface Program: Corresponding to the PLC program, it designs the main interface, manual control interface, automatic control interface (including single-step control, automatic control, model selection, detection and other modes), stepper control interface and parameter setting interface.

[0096] Marking host computer software: Use "Microcarving Manager" software to convert patterns and text into G-code.

[0097] Marking lower-level software: microcontroller C language programming, implementing G code parsing, linear interpolation (Bresenham algorithm), circular interpolation, and controlling the speed and position of the stepper motor.

[0098] IV. Transmission control of each mechanism:

[0099] 1. Electric pump feeding mechanism and automatic unloading mechanism:

[0100] Transmission control: The electric pump 434 is driven by the rod cylinder 203 to perform linear motion, thereby realizing feeding and automatic unloading.

[0101] Control logic: Infrared sensor 205 detects the position of the electric pump, and PLC controls the cylinder to move according to the sensor signal.

[0102] 2. Laser marking mechanism:

[0103] The back-and-forth movement of the marking mechanism motion module 41 is driven by cylinder 2 411 and cylinder 3 415, which drives the support plate 414 and slider 2 413, thereby driving the entire laser etching module 42 to move back and forth and avoid interference.

[0104] Control logic: The PLC controls the operation of cylinder 2 411 and cylinder 3 415 to make the laser etching module 42 mark and avoid obstacles in the appropriate position.

[0105] 3. Laser etching module:

[0106] The laser galvanometer marking head 421 moves in the Y and Z directions: the stepper motor 422 drives the slider 3 425 to move along the guide rail 3 424 through the transmission pulley 423, so as to realize the movement of the laser galvanometer marking head 421 in the Y and Z directions (left and right, up and down).

[0107] Laser galvanometer marking head etching: The laser generator 426 is precisely guided through an optical fiber to the laser galvanometer marking head 421 to complete the marking.

[0108] Control logic: The microcontroller (lower-level machine) receives G-code instructions from the upper-level machine and precisely controls the stepper motor 422 and the laser generator 426 through the A4988 driver module to realize the multi-axis movement of the laser galvanometer marking head 421 and laser etching.

[0109] 4. Electric pump rotary module:

[0110] Rotation action: Rotary cylinder 431 drives connecting block 433 and electric pump 434 to rotate together, realizing multi-face marking by electric pump.

[0111] Control logic: The PLC controls the rotary cylinder 431 to rotate the electric pump 434 to a specified angle for marking.

[0112] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made to the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision laser adaptive etching device, characterized in that: The system includes a main frame (1) and an electric pump feeding mechanism (2), a clamping mechanism (3), a laser marking mechanism (4), an automatic unloading mechanism (5), and a defective product unloading mechanism (6) installed on the main frame (1). The feeding mechanism (2) is located on the left side of the workbench (12) and transports the electric pump to the initial position of the laser marking mechanism (4). The laser marking mechanism (4) is located on the right side of the feeding mechanism (2), the automatic unloading mechanism (5) is located behind the laser marking mechanism (4), and the defective product unloading mechanism (6) is located beside the automatic unloading mechanism (5), thus realizing the integration of automatic feeding of the electric pump and laser marking. The laser marking mechanism (4) includes a sequentially linked marking mechanism motion module (41), a laser etching module (42), and an electric pump rotation module (43). The marking mechanism motion module (41) is the carrier and moving platform of the laser etching module (42). Driven by a stepper motor (422), the laser galvanometer marking head (421) moves precisely in two dimensions within the workspace. The laser etching module (42) is the terminal that completes the marking function. The miniature industrial camera (427) performs visual positioning and angle detection on the electric pump (434) before marking. The rotating cylinder (431) of the electric pump rotation module (43) drives the electric pump (434) fixed on it to rotate precisely 90 degrees, adjusting the surface to be processed to face the laser galvanometer marking head (421), thereby realizing multi-surface, high-precision, adaptive fully automatic laser marking by the electric pump. The marking mechanism motion module (41) is as follows: the support plate (414) is fixedly connected to the slider two (413) on the guide rail two (412), the cylinder two (411) is connected to the support plate (414), the slider two (413) is installed at the bottom of the support plate (414), and the slider two (413) cooperates with the guide rail two (412); the cylinder two (411) drives the support plate (414) and the slider two (413) to move back and forth on the guide rail two (412), the cylinder three (415) is fixed on the support plate (414) and moves synchronously with the support plate (414), the piston rod of the cylinder three (415) is connected to the marking machine housing (416) and drives the marking machine housing (416) to move back and forth on the guide rail two (412); The laser etching module (42) is as follows: the laser galvanometer marking head (421) is fixed on the slider three (425), and two sets of stepper motors (422) drive the transmission pulleys (423) to drive the slider three (425) to move along the guide rail three (424) to realize the left and right and up and down movement of the laser galvanometer marking head (421); the beam output by the laser generator (426) is accurately guided into the laser galvanometer marking head (421) to jointly complete the marking process of the electric pump (434). The laser generator (426) is connected to the laser galvanometer marking head (421) through an optical fiber to control the laser galvanometer marking head to perform laser etching. In the laser etching module (42), the miniature industrial camera (427) is installed next to the laser galvanometer marking head (421) or in the coaxial optical path, and moves together with the laser galvanometer marking head (421); The rotary cylinder (431) of the electric pump rotary module (43) is a 90-degree rotary cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the base of the electric pump (434) through the connecting plate (432) to drive the electric pump to rotate 90 degrees; the electric pump (434) is connected to the rotary cylinder (431) through the connecting block (433).

2. The precision laser adaptive etching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (3) is as follows: the bracket (31) is fixed on the profile (11), the connecting arm (32) extends horizontally to provide support; the guide rod (33) passes through the connecting arm (32) to achieve vertical guidance; the clamping mechanism (3) is coaxially fixed from top to bottom through the cylinder upper support plate (34), the variable diameter connecting seat (35) and the clamping head (36) at the end.

3. The precision laser adaptive etching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric pump feeding mechanism (2) is as follows: a guide rail (206) is installed on the side of profile (201), and a slider (212) is installed on the guide rail (206) to achieve sliding cooperation; a gripper fixing seat (210) is connected to the mechanical gripper (208) and fixed on the slider (212), and at the same time, a horizontal driving force is provided by a cylinder (211); a platform (209) is installed at the bottom of the frame, and a pusher (204) is arranged at the feeding end of the platform (209). The pusher (204) is driven by a rod cylinder (203), and together with the stop block (207) at the end and the infrared sensor (205), a complete automatic feeding system with automatic sensing, precise positioning and horizontal transfer is formed.

4. The precision laser adaptive etching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic feeding mechanism (5) is as follows: the linear guide rail (52) is fixed on the fixed bracket (57), and the guide rail slider (53) is sleeved on the outside of the linear guide rail (52), and the two form a sliding pair; the cylinder body of the cylinder four (54) is locked on the profile one (11) through the cylinder body bracket (55), and the axial direction of the cylinder four (54) is strictly parallel to the extension direction of the linear guide rail (52); the piston rod end of the cylinder four (54) is connected to one end of the piston rod connecting plate (56), and the other end of the piston rod connecting plate (56) is connected to the guide rail slider (53). The cylinder four (54) drives the guide rail slider (53) to slide along the linear guide rail (52); the root of the pusher two (51) is fixed on the guide rail slider (53). When the guide rail slider (53) moves, the pusher two (51) moves synchronously and pushes the qualified product into the material rack.

5. The precision laser adaptive etching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-conforming product unloading mechanism (6) is as follows: the base bracket (62) is fixed on the ground, the rod cylinder two (61) is horizontally fixed at the top of the two sets of base brackets (62), the axis of the rod cylinder two (61) is perpendicular to the side of the platform two (63), and the push head is installed at the front end of the push rod of the rod cylinder two (61); the storage tray (64) is installed on the side of the platform two (63) away from the rod cylinder two (61), and the inlet end of the storage tray (64) is closely connected to the outlet edge of the platform two (63).

6. An adaptive control method implemented using the precision laser adaptive etching apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The method described above can achieve adaptive etching for different models, size differences, and installation deviations without requiring mechanical repositioning of the electric pump, and includes the following steps: Step 1: After the electric pump (434) enters the laser etching module (42), the feature image of the surface of the electric pump (434) is acquired by the miniature industrial camera (427) installed next to the laser galvanometer marking head (421); Step 2: Analyze the feature image based on the image processing algorithm to calculate the translational deviation and rotational angle deviation of the electric pump (434) relative to the preset marking position; Step 3: Based on the translational deviation and rotational angle deviation, the preset laser etching trajectory is corrected in real time to generate a compensated etching trajectory; Step 4: Control the stepper motor (422) and laser etching module (42) to perform laser etching operation according to the compensated etching trajectory; Step 5: After etching is completed, the etched area image is acquired again, and the etching quality is judged based on the character recognition results to achieve adaptive separation of qualified and unqualified products.

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