3D printer capable of rapidly replacing spray head

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D printer capable of rapidly replacing nozzles. The 3D printer comprises a frame, a three-dimensional moving mechanism, a butt joint, at least two nozzles and a rotation and translation deviation rectifying mechanism. The three-dimensional moving mechanism drives the butt joint to move to the position of the spray head, the butt joint is provided with three universal sleeves arranged in a regular triangle mode, the spray head is provided with three positioning columns matched with the universal sleeves and arranged in a regular triangle mode, positioning rods, springs, pressure sensors and electromagnets are arranged in the universal sleeves, and a positioning plate of the spray head is made of iron or steel. During butt joint, the positioning column is inserted into the universal sleeve, the pressure sensor senses pressure to determine an offset center point, the rotation and translation correction mechanism calculates a translation component and a rotation angle according to coordinates of the center point, butt joint errors are eliminated, and the electromagnet and the positioning plate are magnetically attracted for positioning; during separation, the electromagnet is powered off, and the butt joint is separated from the nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nozzle replacement in 3D printing mechanisms, and more specifically to a 3D printer with a quick nozzle replacement capability. Background Technology

[0002] Existing 3D printer nozzle replacement methods have many drawbacks: disassembly is cumbersome, often using threaded connections that require cooling before operation, prone to jamming, and the heating block rotates, leading to the need for forceful disassembly of vulnerable parts; assembly is prone to problems, gap control is difficult, leading to material leakage and requiring recalibration, affecting printing accuracy; costs are high, as nozzles are consumable parts, and frequent replacements increase procurement and labor costs; efficiency is low, production is interrupted by downtime for replacement, and material cleaning and test printing are required after replacement, wasting time and material; compatibility is poor, with different materials / aperture sizes having varying compatibility, easily causing problems such as material blockage and uneven layer texture; to address the above technical problems, this application provides a 3D printer with a quick nozzle replacement capability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention provides a 3D printer with a quick-change printhead, comprising a frame, a three-dimensional moving mechanism installed within the frame, a connector disposed on the three-dimensional moving mechanism, N printheads disposed on the frame, and a rotation and translation correction mechanism, wherein N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0004] Preferably, the three-dimensional moving mechanism is used to drive the connector to move in multiple directions and accurately align with nozzles at different positions. It includes a lifting platform, a Y-axis moving mechanism, and an X-axis moving mechanism. The lifting platform is vertically adjustable at the bottom of the frame to adjust the vertical height of the connector. The Y-axis moving mechanism and the X-axis moving mechanism are located on the upper part of the lifting platform. The Y-axis moving mechanism includes a guide rail and a Y-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis moving mechanism is located on the Y-axis drive mechanism and can drive the X-axis moving mechanism to move smoothly along the Y-axis guide rail. The X-axis moving mechanism includes two guide rods and an X-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis drive mechanism can move along the guide rods, thereby driving the connector to move in the X direction.

[0005] Preferably, the connector is movably fixed to the X-axis drive mechanism via a rotational translation correction mechanism. This mechanism drives the connector to move along the Z and X axes, eliminating deflection and translation errors caused by accumulated motion after the connector and nozzle are docked, thus ensuring docking accuracy. The connector includes a mounting plate and three universal sleeves arranged in an equilateral triangle, each fitting one-to-one with the nozzle's positioning post. This equilateral triangle arrangement improves docking stability and positioning accuracy. Each universal sleeve includes a cylinder wall, a positioning rod, a baffle, a convex stop, a spring, a pressure sensor, and an electromagnet. The baffle is fixed inside the cylinder wall and has multiple positioning holes. The positioning rod can pass through these holes and move left and right. The outer diameter of the convex stop is larger than the diameter of the positioning hole, preventing the positioning rod from falling out. The positioning rod, convex stop, spring, and pressure sensor are connected sequentially. Multiple positioning rods form a positioning array to adapt to positioning posts of different specifications, improving nozzle compatibility. An electromagnet is also provided inside the top of the cylinder wall for magnetic fixation after docking, enhancing docking stability.

[0006] Preferably, the nozzle includes a nozzle body and a positioning mechanism, which are fixedly connected. The positioning mechanism is used for precise docking with the connector. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning plate and three positioning posts, which are fixed on the positioning plate. The three positioning posts are arranged in an equilateral triangle and correspond one-to-one with the three universal sleeves. Each positioning post includes a column body and a pointed cone. One end of the column body is fixed on the positioning plate, and the other end of the column body is fixedly connected to the pointed cone. The column body has a multi-faceted prism structure, which can improve the circumferential positioning accuracy. Due to the presence of the pointed cone, the multiple positioning rods are subjected to different pressures. By measuring the pressure difference of the pressure sensors connected to the corresponding positioning rods, the center of the mating between the universal sleeve and the corresponding positioning post is determined, providing data support for error correction.

[0007] Preferably, the positioning plate is made of iron or steel. When the electromagnet is energized, it generates a magnetic field that can magnetically attract and position the connector and nozzle, thus achieving rapid fixation of the connector and nozzle. At the same time, it can be quickly separated after power is cut off, simplifying the replacement process.

[0008] Preferably, the docking process is as follows: the connector and the nozzle can be docked and positioned with each other through a universal sleeve and a positioning mechanism. During positioning, the three-dimensional moving mechanism moves the connector to the position of the nozzle. The three positioning pins of the positioning mechanism are respectively inserted into the positioning array inside the three universal sleeves. Multiple positioning rods are pressed into the interior of the universal sleeves, thereby driving the convex block and spring to move into the interior of the universal sleeves. The pressure sensor is used to sense the pressure. When the positioning pin is fully inserted into the interior of the universal sleeve, the uncompressed positioning rod is used to position the positioning pin in the circumferential direction. At this time, the electromagnet of the universal sleeve is energized to generate a magnetic field and magnetically attracts the positioning plate on the positioning mechanism; thus, rapid docking and positioning are achieved.

[0009] The separation process is as follows: When separation is required, the connector and the nozzle move to the edge of the frame, and the nozzle is positioned on the frame. At this time, the electromagnet of the universal sleeve is de-energized, and there is no magnetic attraction between the universal sleeve and the positioning plate. The universal sleeve on the connector separates from the positioning mechanism on the nozzle, thus completing the separation process.

[0010] Preferably, in order to eliminate the XZ plane deflection angle and translation error caused by the accumulation of motion error after docking, the rotation and translation correction mechanism adopts the following correction method: Assume that the original center coordinates of the three universal sleeves (defined as sleeve A, sleeve B, and sleeve C respectively) are the original vertex A0(x0A,z0A), the original vertex B0(x0B,z0B), and the original vertex C0(x0C,z0C); After docking, the pressure sensor in each universal sleeve has a maximum value. The offset sleeve center point after docking is determined according to the maximum value, and is recorded as the current vertex A1(x1A,z1A), the current vertex B1(x1B,z1B), and the current vertex C1(x1C,z1C).

[0011] Preferably, the coordinates of the original center and the current center of the equilateral triangle are calculated as follows: Based on the coordinates of the original vertex, the coordinates of the original center O0 are calculated using the formula: x0=(x0A+x0B+x0C) / 3, z0=(z0A+z0B+z0C) / 3; Based on the coordinates of the current vertex, the coordinates of the current center O1 are calculated using the formula: x1=(x1A+x1B+x1C) / 3, z1=(z1A+z1B+z1C) / 3.

[0012] Preferably, the reset translation distance and translation components are calculated: Based on the coordinates of the original center O0 and the current center O1, the translation components required for reset are calculated, where the x-direction translation component Δx = x0 - x1 and the z-direction translation component Δz = z0 - z1; the reset translation distance L is the Euclidean distance of the translation components, calculated using the following formula: By translating Δx along the x-axis and Δz along the z-axis, the current center of the equilateral triangle coincides with the original center.

[0013] Preferably, the reset rotation angle is calculated as follows: Select any set of corresponding vertices (the original vertex corresponds one-to-one with the current vertex, for example, the original vertex A0 and the current vertex A1), and calculate the reset rotation angle θ: Select a set of corresponding original vertices and the current vertex, and calculate the original vector. =(x0A-x0, z0A-z0) and the current vector =(x1A-x1,z1A-z1),θ=arctan2( × , · ),in × =(x0A-x0)(z1A-z1)-(z0A-z0)(x1A-x1), · =(x0A-x0)(x1A-x1)+(z0A-z0)(z1A-z1); The rotation and translation correction mechanism drives the joint to translate according to the above translation components and translation distance, and rotate according to the rotation angle, which can eliminate the docking error.

[0014] The inventive points and beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: Three universal sleeves arranged in an equilateral triangle are used in conjunction with positioning posts. A pressure sensor identifies the docking center point, and a rotation and translation correction mechanism calculates the translation component and rotation angle to eliminate docking errors. The magnetic attraction between an electromagnet and an iron / steel positioning plate enables rapid fixing and separation of the connector and the nozzle. The positioning array design of the universal sleeves is compatible with positioning posts of different specifications, improving nozzle compatibility.

[0015] The beneficial technical effects are as follows: 1. High replacement efficiency: No cooling waiting or cumbersome threaded disassembly is required. It can be quickly fixed and separated by magnetic attraction. Combined with the precise movement of the three-dimensional moving mechanism, it greatly shortens the nozzle replacement time and avoids long-term downtime that affects production. 2. High docking accuracy: Initial positioning is achieved through universal sleeves and positioning posts arranged in an equilateral triangle. The docking center point is determined by a pressure sensor. Combined with a rotation and translation correction mechanism, the deflection and translation errors caused by the accumulation of motion errors are eliminated, avoiding problems such as material leakage and reduced printing accuracy caused by assembly gaps. 3. Strong compatibility: The positioning array inside the universal sleeve can be adapted to multi-faceted positioning posts of different specifications, enabling quick replacement of nozzles of various materials and different apertures without the need to replace the docking parts; 4. Low cost: Simplifies the nozzle replacement process, reduces manual operation time, avoids damage to parts caused by violent disassembly, and reduces labor and procurement costs; at the same time, it reduces material consumption for cleaning and test spraying after replacement, further reducing the cost of use; 5. Easy to operate: The docking and separation process is highly automated, requiring no complicated manual calibration. It can be completed simply by switching the electromagnet on and off and the movement of the three-dimensional moving mechanism, reducing the difficulty of operation for operators. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the three-dimensional moving mechanism and the connector of the present invention; Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the universal sleeve of the present invention; Figure 4: A schematic diagram of the docking state of the connector and the nozzle in this invention; Figure 5 This invention Figure 4 Sectional view along the BB direction; Figure 6 This invention Figure 4 Sectional view along line AA; Figure 7 : A schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the original center and the current center of the equilateral triangle of this invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Three-dimensional moving mechanism; 11-Lifting platform; 12-Y-axis moving mechanism; 13-X-axis moving mechanism; 131-Guide rod; 2-Connecting joint; 21-Mounting plate; 22-Universal sleeve; 221-Cylinder wall; 222-Positioning rod; 223-Baffle; 224-Protruding stop; 225-Spring; 226-Pressure sensor; 227-Electromagnet; 3-Nozzle; 31-Nozzle body; 32-Positioning mechanism; 321-Positioning plate; 322-Positioning column; 3221-Column; 3222-Conical part; 4-Rotational translation correction mechanism; A0, B0, C0-Original vertex; A1, B1, C1-Current vertex; O0-Original center; O1-Current center. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, representing schematic diagrams rather than actual physical objects, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0019] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 7The 3D printer shown is a quick-change nozzle 3D printer. The 3D printer includes a frame, a three-dimensional moving mechanism 1 installed in the frame, a docking head 2 set on the three-dimensional moving mechanism 1, and N nozzles 3 set on the frame, where N is a positive integer and N≥2. The three-dimensional moving mechanism 1 includes a lifting platform 11, a Y-axis moving mechanism 12, and an X-axis moving mechanism 13. The lifting platform 11 is vertically and vertically set at the bottom of the frame. The Y-axis moving mechanism and the X-axis moving mechanism are set on the upper part of the lifting platform. The Y-axis moving mechanism 12 includes a guide rail and a Y-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis moving mechanism 13 is set on the Y-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis moving mechanism 13 includes two guide rods 131 and an X-axis drive mechanism, wherein the Y-axis drive mechanism drives the X-axis moving mechanism to move along the Y-axis, and the X-axis drive mechanism 13 can move along the guide rods 131.

[0021] The nozzle 3 can be hooked, snapped, or magnetically fixed inside the frame.

[0022] The connector 2 is movably fixed to the X-axis drive mechanism 13 via a rotational translation correction mechanism 4. The rotational translation correction mechanism 4 can drive the connector 2 to move along the Z and X axes, eliminating errors after the connector 2 and nozzle 3 are connected. The connector 2 includes a mounting plate 21 and three universal sleeves 22, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle. Each universal sleeve 22 includes a cylinder wall 221, a positioning rod 222, a baffle 223, a protrusion 224, a spring 225, and a pressure sensor 226. The baffle 223 is fixed inside the cylinder wall 221 and has multiple positioning holes. The positioning rod 222 can move left and right through the positioning holes. The outer diameter of the protrusion 224 is larger than the diameter of the positioning hole. The positioning rod 222, the protrusion 224, the spring 225, and the pressure sensor 226 are connected in sequence, and the multiple positioning rods 222 form a positioning array.

[0023] An electromagnet 227 is also provided inside the top part of the cylinder wall 221.

[0024] The nozzle 3 includes a nozzle body 31 and a positioning mechanism 32. The nozzle body 31 and the positioning mechanism 32 are fixedly connected. The positioning mechanism 32 includes a positioning plate 321 and three positioning posts 322. The positioning posts 322 are fixed on the positioning plate 321 and arranged in an equilateral triangle. The positioning post 322 includes a column body 3221 and a pointed cone 3222. One end of the column body 3221 is fixed on the positioning plate 321, and the other end of the column body 3221 is fixedly connected to the pointed cone 3222. The column body 3221 is a variable prism structure. Due to the presence of the pointed cone 3222, the multiple positioning rods 222 are subjected to different pressures. The pressure can be adjusted by the pressure sensor 226 connected to the corresponding positioning rod 222. The pressure sensor 226 with the highest pressure is the center of the engagement between the universal sleeve 22 and the corresponding positioning post 322.

[0025] The positioning plate 321 is made of iron or steel. When the electromagnet 227 is energized, it generates a magnetic field and can be magnetically attracted to the positioning plate 321 for positioning.

[0026] The docking process is as follows: The connector 2 and the nozzle 3 can be positioned by docking with each other through the universal sleeve 22 and the positioning mechanism 32. During positioning, the three-dimensional moving mechanism 1 drives the connector 2 to the position of the nozzle 3. The three positioning pins 322 of the positioning mechanism 32 are respectively inserted into the positioning array in the three universal sleeves 22. Multiple positioning rods 222 are pressed into the universal sleeve 22, thereby driving the convex stop 224 and spring 225 to move into the universal sleeve 22. The pressure sensor 226 is used to sense the pressure. When the positioning pin 322 is fully inserted into the universal sleeve 22, the uncompressed positioning rods 222 are used to position the positioning pin 322 in the circumferential direction. At this time, the electromagnet 227 of the universal sleeve 22 is energized to generate a magnetic field and magnetically attracts the positioning plate 321 on the positioning mechanism 32; thus, rapid docking and positioning are achieved.

[0027] The separation process is as follows: When separation is required, the connector 2 and the nozzle 3 move to the edge of the frame, and the nozzle 3 is positioned on the frame. At this time, the electromagnet 227 of the universal sleeve 22 is de-energized, and there is no magnetic attraction between the universal sleeve 22 and the positioning plate 321. The universal sleeve 22 on the connector 2 separates from the positioning mechanism on the nozzle 3, thus completing the separation process.

[0028] The three universal sleeves are defined as sleeve A, sleeve B, and sleeve C. Due to the accumulation of motion errors or uncontrollable factors such as collisions during docking, there will be errors in the deflection angle and translation in the XZ plane after docking. Since they are all inserted and docked in the Y direction, there is no error in this direction. It is only necessary to consider eliminating the errors in the X, Z, and rotation directions. To eliminate the corresponding errors, the following processing is performed. Assume that the original center coordinates of sleeves A, B, and C are the original vertices A0(x0A,z0A), B0(x0B,z0B), and C0(x0C,z0C), respectively. After docking, the pressure sensor 226 in each universal sleeve 22 has a maximum value. The current center coordinate point after the offset after docking (the coordinate point sensed by the pressure sensor with the greatest force) is determined according to the maximum value and recorded as the current vertex A1(x1A,z1A), current vertex B1(x1B,z1B), and current vertex C1(x1C,z1C), respectively.

[0029] Calculate the coordinates of the original center and the current center of the equilateral triangle: Based on the coordinates of the original vertices, calculate the coordinates of the original center O0 using the formula: x0=(x0A+x0B+x0C) / 3, z0=(z0A+z0B+z0C) / 3; Based on the coordinates of the current vertices, calculate the coordinates of the current center O1 using the formula: x1=(x1A+x1B+x1C) / 3, z1=(z1A+z1B+z1C) / 3.

[0030] Calculate the reset translation distance and translation components: Based on the coordinates of the original center O0 and the current center O1, calculate the translation components required for reset. The translation component in the x-direction is Δx = x0 - x1, and the translation component in the z-direction is Δz = z0 - z1. The reset translation distance L is the Euclidean distance of the translation components, calculated using the following formula: By correcting the translation Δx along the x-axis and the translation Δz along the z-axis, the current center of the equilateral triangle coincides with the original center.

[0031] Calculate the reset rotation angle: Select any pair of corresponding vertices (the original vertex corresponds one-to-one with the current vertex, for example, the original vertex A0 and the current vertex A1), calculate the reset rotation angle θ, select the original vertex A0 and the current vertex A1, and calculate the original vector. =(x0A-x0, z0A-z0) and the current vector =(x1A-x1,z1A-z1),θ=arctan2( × , · ),in × =(x0A-x0)(z1A-z1)-(z0A-z0)(x1A-x1), · =(x0A-x0)(x1A-x1)+(z0A-z0)(z1A-z1).

[0032] It is obvious that the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D printer with a quick-change printhead, characterized in that: The system includes a frame, a three-dimensional moving mechanism (1) installed within the frame, a connector (2) mounted on the three-dimensional moving mechanism (1), N nozzles (3) mounted on the frame, and a rotation and translation correction mechanism (4), where N is a positive integer and N≥2; the three-dimensional moving mechanism (1) includes a lifting platform (11), a Y-axis moving mechanism (12), and an X-axis moving mechanism (13). The lifting platform (11) is vertically and vertically mounted at the bottom of the frame, and the Y-axis moving mechanism (12) and the X-axis moving mechanism (13) are mounted on the upper part of the lifting platform (11). The Y-axis moving mechanism (12) includes a guide rail and a Y-axis driving mechanism, and the X-axis moving mechanism (13) is mounted on the Y-axis driving mechanism and can move along the Y-axis. The X-axis moving mechanism (13) includes two guide rods (131) and an X-axis driving mechanism, which can move along the guide rods (131); the connector (2) is movably fixed on the X-axis driving mechanism (13) via the rotation and translation correction mechanism (4). The connector (2) includes a mounting plate (21) and three universal sleeves (22), which are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The universal sleeve (22) includes a cylinder wall (221), a positioning rod (222), a baffle (223), a protrusion (224), a spring (225), a pressure sensor (226), and an electromagnet (227). The baffle (223) is fixed inside the cylinder wall (221), and the baffle (223) has multiple positioning holes. The positioning rod (222) can move left and right through the positioning holes. The outer diameter of the protrusion (224) is larger than the diameter of the positioning hole. The positioning rod (222), the protrusion (224), the spring (225), and the pressure sensor (226) are connected in sequence, and the multiple positioning rods (222) form a positioning array. The electromagnet (227) is located inside the top part of the cylinder wall (221). The nozzle (3) includes a nozzle body (31) and a positioning mechanism (32). The nozzle body (31) and the positioning mechanism (32) are fixedly connected. The positioning mechanism (32) includes a positioning plate (321) and three positioning posts (322). The three positioning posts (322) are arranged in an equilateral triangle and fixed on the positioning plate (321). The positioning posts (322) are adapted to the universal sleeve (22). The positioning post (322) includes a column body (3221) and a pointed cone (3222). One end of the column body (3221) is fixed on the positioning plate (321), and the other end is fixedly connected to the pointed cone (3222). The column body (3221) is a multi-faceted prism structure.

2. A 3D printer with a quick-change printhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate (321) is made of iron or steel. When the electromagnet (227) is energized, it generates a magnetic field and can be magnetically attracted to the positioning plate (321) for positioning.

3. A 3D printer with a quick-change printhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The correction method of the rotation and translation correction mechanism (4) includes the following steps: (1) Obtain the original center coordinates of the three universal sleeves (22), and record them as the original vertex A0(x0A,z0A), the original vertex B0(x0B,z0B), and the original vertex C0(x0C,z0C); After docking, determine the offset sleeve center point after docking based on the maximum pressure value of the pressure sensor (226) in each universal sleeve (22), and record them as the current vertex A1(x1A,z1A), the current vertex B1(x1B,z1B), and the current vertex C1(x1C,z1C); (2) Calculate the coordinates of the original center O0 and the current center O1: O0(x0,z0), where x0=(x0A+x0B+x0C) / 3, z0=(z0A+z0B+z0C) / 3; O1(x1,z1), where x1=(x1A+x1B+x1C) / 3, z1=(z1A+z1B+z1C) / 3; (3) Calculate the translation components and translation distance: x-direction translation component Δx = x0 - x1, z-direction translation component Δz = z0 - z1; translation distance ; (4) Calculate the reset rotation angle θ, select the original vertex A0 and the current vertex A1, and calculate the original vector. =(x0A-x0, z0A-z0) and the current vector =(x1A-x1,z1A-z1),θ=arctan2( × , · ),in × =(x0A-x0)(z1A-z1)-(z0A-z0)(x1A-x1), · =(x0A-x0)(x1A-x1)+(z0A-z0)(z1A-z1); The rotation and translation correction mechanism (4) drives the connector (2) to correct the translation Δx along the x-axis and the translation Δz along the z-axis, and then corrects the rotation angle θ with the center as the rotation center to complete the error elimination.

4. A 3D printer with a quick-change printhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: During docking, the three-dimensional moving mechanism (1) drives the docking joint (2) to move to the nozzle (3) position. The positioning column (322) is inserted into the positioning array of the universal sleeve (22). The positioning rod (222) is pressed and drives the protrusion (224) and spring (225) to move. The pressure sensor (226) senses the pressure. After the positioning column (322) is fully inserted, the uncompressed positioning rod (222) performs circumferential positioning on the positioning column (322). The electromagnet (227) is energized and magnetically fixed to the positioning plate (321).

5. A 3D printer with a quick-change printhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: When separated, the connector (2) and the nozzle (3) move to the edge of the frame, the nozzle (3) is positioned on the frame, the electromagnet (227) is de-energized, and the universal sleeve (22) separates from the positioning mechanism (32).

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