Mine small concealed structure detecting and tracing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine small concealed structure detecting and tracing device and method, and relates to the field of coal mine safety geological exploration. The core of the device comprises a structural plane anti-drill-locking water injection device, a gas-liquid switching three-way valve, a detecting and monitoring assembly and the like, and all the assemblies cooperate to achieve accurate conveying and monitoring of a tracing medium. The method comprises the following steps of: delineating a tectonic anomaly region according to a surface three-dimensional seismic geophysical prospecting result in combination with geological characteristics, switching high-pressure tracer gas and high-pressure fluid containing a tracer agent through a gas-liquid switching three-way valve, respectively carrying out preliminary detection and fine tracing, actively transforming the physical property difference of a tectonic surface, and carrying out high-pressure detection and fine tracing on the tectonic surface; and through combination of transient electromagnetic periodic detection and observation hole monitoring data, the form and distribution of the hidden structure are accurately identified. According to the method, an integrated normal form of engineering targeted transformation and geophysical prospecting response detection is created, the dependence of a traditional method on natural physical property differences is broken through, the detection precision and reliability of the small concealed structure are remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for advanced prevention and control of deep mine geological disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety geological exploration technology, and in particular to a small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device and method for mines. Background Technology

[0002] Concealed geological structures in mines refer to various geological structures that are not directly exposed during mining operations and are not clearly visible on the surface, but are widely present in underground rock strata or ore bodies. Common types include concealed faults (the fault drop is usually less than the reservoir thickness, and the lithological differences between the two sides are small), concealed karst collapse columns (the diameter is generally less than 10m, below the identification limit of conventional geophysical exploration techniques), concealed fracture development zones, concealed paleoriverbeds and scour zones, concealed goafs and old mine shafts, etc. These structures are characterized by complex morphology, strong concealment, and significant hazard linkages. They are highly susceptible to inducing various major geological disasters such as abnormal gas outbursts, water inrushes, roof instability, and rock bursts. They have become a core risk source restricting safe mine production and threatening the safety of personnel and property, and are a key target for research and development in the field of mine geological disaster prevention and control.

[0003] As the depth of coal mining in my country continues to increase, the geological conditions faced by mines are becoming increasingly complex, further exacerbating the difficulty of detecting small, concealed geological structures. Currently, the industry mainly relies on two categories of technologies for detecting concealed structures: surface 3D seismic exploration and underground integrated geophysical methods. Underground integrated geophysical methods specifically include electromagnetic wave technologies (such as radio wave imaging, transient electromagnetic methods, and ground-penetrating radar), elastic wave technologies (such as channel wave seismic, microseismic monitoring, and Rayleigh wave exploration), and electrical methods (such as direct current resistivity tomography). In some scenarios, drilling verification is used as a supplement. While these technologies are effective in detecting large-scale geological anomalies with significant differences in physical properties, they reveal many insurmountable problems when facing the need to detect small, concealed geological structures with strong signal interference and high resolution requirements. These problems are as follows: 1. The contradiction between detection accuracy and detection distance is prominent: Although high-resolution detection methods (such as ground-penetrating radar and Rayleigh wave exploration) can achieve fine detection in a local area, their effective detection distance is limited, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of advanced detection in the mining process; while methods with longer detection distances (such as transient electromagnetic methods and direct current methods) are severely affected by the complex electromagnetic environment underground and have weak signal response to small-scale structures, resulting in strong ambiguity in the interpretation of detection results and making it difficult to form accurate judgments.

[0004] 2. Significant challenges in signal identification in deep and complex environments: As mining depth increases, underground stress rises significantly, and the nonlinear characteristics of rock mass structures become more pronounced, leading to faster attenuation of geophysical signals and a substantial decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio during propagation. Existing technologies show a significant decrease in sensitivity to identify low-intensity geological anomalies such as small-displacement faults and micro-fracture zones, making it impossible to effectively capture the characteristic signals of such small, concealed structures.

[0005] 3. Reliance on natural physical property differences limits applicability: The core principle of traditional geophysical exploration methods is to rely on the signal response caused by the natural differences in lithology or physical properties (such as resistivity and wave velocity) on both sides of a structural interface to achieve detection. However, in actual geological conditions, when the lithology on both sides of a structural surface (such as a fault plane) is the same or similar, the fault drop is less than the coal seam thickness, or the structure is water-free and unfilled, the aforementioned natural physical property differences will be significantly reduced or even completely disappeared. This results in a lack of effective distinguishing criteria for conventional geophysical signals, a significant decrease in detection capability, and an inability to effectively identify such small, concealed structures.

[0006] In summary, as the scale of deep mining continues to expand, the risk of safety accidents caused by small, concealed structures continues to rise. The limitations of existing detection technologies make it difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high reliability. How to break through the bottlenecks of traditional technologies and achieve accurate detection and prediction of small, concealed structures has become a common technical problem that the mining industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device and method in mines, which breaks through the dependence of traditional methods on differences in natural physical properties, establishes an integrated paradigm of engineering targeted transformation and geophysical response detection, improves the detection accuracy and reliability of small-scale concealed structures, and is suitable for advanced prevention and control of geological disasters in deep mines.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines, comprising a structure face anti-seize water injection device, a rubber capsule water injection system, a structure face high-pressure water injection system, a drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system, detection and monitoring components, a high-pressure air source, and a gas-liquid switching three-way valve. The two input ends of the gas-liquid switching three-way valve are connected to the high-pressure gas source and the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface, respectively, and the output end is connected to the anti-seize drilling water injection device of the structural surface. It is used to realize the selective transfer and switching of tracer gas and high-pressure fluid to the anti-seize drilling water injection device of the structural surface. A structural face anti-seize drilling water injection device is used to receive the transported tracer gas or high-pressure fluid and directionally transport it to the concealed structural face; The rubber capsule water injection system is connected to the rubber capsule of the anti-seize drill water injection device on the structural surface and is used for rubber capsule inflation and sealing operations. The drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system are linked with the anti-seize water injection device on the structural face for drilling operations and device positioning; The detection and monitoring components monitor the resistivity changes of concealed structural surfaces and the migration of tracer media.

[0009] Preferably, the anti-seize drilling water injection device for the structural surface includes a first rubber capsule, a grooved water injection drill rod, a second rubber capsule, and a grooved drill rod connected in sequence. The front end of the first rubber capsule is provided with a capsule plug, and both ends of the first and second rubber capsules are provided with capsule buckles; both the first and second rubber capsules are connected to the capsule water injection pipe, which passes through the grooved water injection drill rod and the grooved drill rod, and is connected to the rubber bladder water injection system; The grooved water injection drill rod and the grooved drill rod are connected in sequence. The grooved drill rod is connected to the high-pressure hose. The high-pressure hose is connected to the high-pressure air source or the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface through the gas-liquid switching three-way valve. The end of the grooved drill rod is linked to the drilling rig and the drill rod propulsion system through the drill rod joint. The grooved water injection drill rod and the grooved drill rod are provided with grooved threads. The grooved water injection drill rod is provided with several trumpet-shaped water outlet holes. The rear end of the grooved drill rod is equipped with a water injection flow meter, a water injection pressure gauge, and a capsule pressure gauge. The water injection flow meter and the water injection pressure gauge are connected in series with the high-pressure hose, and the capsule pressure gauge is connected in series with the capsule water injection pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the input end of the rubber capsule water injection system is connected to the booster pump, and the main pipeline of the rubber capsule water injection system is sequentially equipped with a pressure regulating valve with a pressure gauge, a water inlet valve, and a water outlet valve with a pressure gauge. The outlet of the water outlet valve leads to the water tank, and the output end of the rubber capsule water injection system is connected to the capsule water injection pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the input end of the high-pressure water injection system for the structural surface is connected to another booster pump. The main pipeline of the high-pressure water injection system for the structural surface is sequentially equipped with a pressure regulating valve, an inlet valve, a pressure gauge, a flow meter, and a drain valve. The outlet of the drain valve leads to the water tank. The output end of the high-pressure water injection system for the structural surface is connected to a gas-liquid switching three-way valve.

[0012] Preferably, the detection and monitoring component includes a transient electromagnetic detection module and a gas monitoring module; the transient electromagnetic detection module is used to collect resistivity data of the concealed structural surface area, and the gas monitoring module includes several gas monitors for collecting the concentration signal and alarm information of the tracer gas in the observation borehole; the detection and monitoring component is also provided with a data transmission unit for transmitting the collected resistivity data, gas concentration signal and alarm information to a data processing terminal to realize real-time recording of monitoring data.

[0013] A method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in mines, employing the aforementioned device for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in mines, comprises the following steps: S1. Delineation of anomaly zones: Based on the analysis results of three-dimensional seismic geophysical exploration on the surface, combined with the regional and mine structures and the distribution characteristics of contour lines of the coal seam floor, the regional structural anomaly zones are delineated and delineated. S2. Drilling arrangement: Drill fluid injection holes in the abnormal zone of the area. Drilling stops after the fluid injection holes reach a preset depth in the abnormal zone. Arrange several observation holes within a preset range around the fluid injection holes. S3. Device installation: Clean the coal dust and broken rocks in the fluid injection hole, and send the anti-seize drilling water injection device into the fluid injection hole through the drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system, and make the head of the device extend into the area of ​​structural anomaly. S4. Capsule sealing: The rubber capsule of the anti-seize drilling water injection device on the structural surface is pressurized by injecting water into the rubber capsule through the rubber capsule water injection system, so that the capsule expands and fits tightly against the hole wall, maintaining stable pressure. S5. Targeted Modification and Tracing: The concealed structural surfaces are targeted and traced by means of preliminary detection operations and fine tracing operations, either individually or in combination. Preliminary exploration: Switch the gas-liquid switching three-way valve to connect with the high-pressure gas source, and inject the marker tracer gas into the structural surface through the grooved water injection drill rod of the anti-seize drilling water injection device; place a gas monitor with a gas monitoring module in the observation borehole to monitor the movement of the tracer gas in the observation borehole; Fine-tuning: Switch the gas-liquid switching three-way valve to connect with the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface, and inject high-pressure fluid mixed with a marker tracer into the structural surface through the grooved water injection drill rod of the anti-seize drilling water injection device of the structural surface; use the transient electromagnetic detection module to perform periodic physical detection for no less than 4 cycles, with an interval of 1 hour between adjacent detections, observe the resistivity change in the structural surface area, and at the same time observe the fluid outflow sequence and flow rate in the borehole; S6. Repeat step S5 until the target detection results are stable.

[0014] Preferably, before performing the device installation operation in step S3, a sealing test operation is performed first. The rubber capsule of the anti-seize drilling water injection device on the structural surface is injected with water through the device's rubber capsule water injection system. If the pressure change of the capsule is less than 0.1 MPa within 1 hour, the sealing is deemed to be good. After passing the test, step S3 is performed.

[0015] Preferably, the marker tracer gas includes at least one of SF6 and He; the marker tracer includes at least one of a fluorescent agent and a non-radioactive rare earth element.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, when performing the preliminary detection operation and the fine tracing operation together, the preliminary detection operation is performed first to determine the general direction of the structural surface, and then the fine tracing operation is performed to depict the specific shape of the structural surface; and during the targeted modification and tracing process, real-time data is read through the water injection pressure gauge and the water injection flow meter: if the flow velocity is high and the pressure is low, it indicates that the structural surface is fully developed; if the flow velocity is low and the pressure is high, it indicates that the structural surface fissures are closed, and the injection pressure is increased by the pressure regulating valve of the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the number of observation boreholes is no less than three, and they are evenly distributed around the fluid injection hole; by observing the fluid outflow sequence, flow rate and tracer gas alarm sequence in the boreholes, the development direction of the structural surface can be determined.

[0018] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: (1) Breaking through the dependence of traditional geophysical exploration on differences in natural physical properties, the hidden structural surfaces are targeted and modified by actively injecting tracer media, and "artificial tracer anomaly zones" with significant geophysical responses are artificially constructed. The originally hidden and low-intensity small geological structures are transformed into clearly identifiable detection targets, fundamentally solving the detection problems caused by weak signals and low identification of structures such as small drop faults and micro-fracture zones.

[0019] (2) The special design of the anti-jamming water injection device for the structural surface further enhances the technical effect. The grooved thread structure can efficiently remove slag and prevent the drill from jamming, avoiding the failure of the device in complex borehole environments. The trumpet-shaped water outlet can accurately clean the coal slurry on the structural surface and unclog the fracture channels, ensuring that the tracer medium fully wets the structural area. This solves the limitations of traditional high-pressure water injection, which is prone to migration along local fractures and cannot completely cover the structural surface, and greatly improves the comprehensiveness and uniformity of structural modification.

[0020] (3) The phased design of preliminary gas detection and fine fluid tracing has achieved a step-by-step improvement in detection accuracy: gas detection quickly locks the approximate location of the structure, while fluid tracing, combined with transient electromagnetic periodic monitoring, accurately depicts the structure's morphology and distribution. The two work together to reduce the ambiguity of geophysical interpretation. At the same time, the linkage between observation well monitoring and geophysical data significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of hidden structure identification.

[0021] (4) This technology is suitable for the complex geological environment of deep mines with high stress and strong interference, and effectively overcomes the problems of rapid signal attenuation and low signal-to-noise ratio in deep geophysical exploration. It provides a feasible solution for the fine detection of small hidden structures under deep mining conditions. It can not only accurately identify the structural morphology and connectivity, but also provide support for the identification of disaster attributes, lay the foundation for the advanced prevention and control of geological disasters such as gas outbursts and water inrushes in mines, and help build geological transparency in deep mines.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-seize drilling water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in a mine, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the location distribution of boreholes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure Labels 1. Structural surface anti-seize drilling water injection device; 2. High-pressure air source; 3. Gas-liquid switching three-way valve; 4. Drill rig and drill rod propulsion system; 5. Booster water pump; 6. Rubber capsule water injection system; 7. Structural surface high-pressure water injection system; 8. High-pressure air pipe; 9. High-pressure water pipe; 10. High-pressure hose; 11. Capsule water injection pipe; 12. Water tank; 13. Water drain valve; 14. Flow meter; 15. Pressure gauge; 16. Water inlet valve; 17. Pressure regulating valve; 18. Capsule plug; 19. First rubber capsule; 20. Grooved water injection drill rod; 21. Second rubber capsule; 22. Water outlet; 23. Grooved thread; 24. Capsule buckle; 25. Grooved drill rod; 26. Water injection flow meter; 27. Drill rod joint; 28. Water injection pressure gauge; 29. ​​Capsule pressure gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Example like Figure 1 As shown, a small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines includes a structure face anti-seize drilling water injection device 1, a rubber capsule water injection system 6, a structure face high-pressure water injection system 7, a drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system 4, a detection and monitoring component, a high-pressure air source 2, and a gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3. The two input ends of the gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3 are connected to the high-pressure gas source 2 and the high-pressure water injection system 7 of the structural surface, respectively, and the output end is connected to the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 of the structural surface. It is used to realize the selective delivery and switching of tracer gas and high-pressure fluid to the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 of the structural surface. The high-pressure gas source 2 is connected to the gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3 through the high-pressure gas pipe 8. The structure face anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 is used to receive the transported tracer gas or high-pressure fluid and directionally transport it to the concealed structure face; The rubber capsule water injection system 6 is connected to the rubber capsule of the anti-seize drill water injection device 1 on the structural surface, and is used for rubber capsule inflation and sealing operations; The drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system 4 is linked with the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 on the structural face for drilling operations and device positioning; The detection and monitoring components monitor the resistivity changes of concealed structural surfaces and the migration of tracer media.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 includes a first rubber capsule 19, a grooved water injection drill rod 20, a second rubber capsule 21, and a grooved drill rod 25 connected in sequence. The front end of the first rubber capsule 19 is provided with a capsule plug 18, and both ends of the first rubber capsule 19 and the second rubber capsule 21 are provided with capsule buckles 24; the first rubber capsule 19 and the second rubber capsule 21 are both connected to the capsule water injection pipe 11, which passes through the grooved water injection drill rod 20 and the grooved drill rod 25 and is connected to the rubber bladder water injection system. Grooved water injection drill rod 20 and grooved drill rod 25 are connected in sequence. Grooved drill rod 25 is connected to high pressure hose 10. High pressure hose 10 is connected to high pressure air source 2 or high pressure water injection system 7 of structural surface through gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3. The end of grooved drill rod 25 is linked to drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system 4 through drill rod joint 27. Grooved water injection drill rods 20 and 25 are provided with grooved threads 23, mainly to enhance slag removal. Especially in the event of hole wall collapse during water injection, the grooves 23 can be used to remove mud and slag, thereby preventing the device from being unable to be pulled out after being compacted.

[0030] The grooved water injection drill rod 20 is equipped with several trumpet-shaped water outlet holes 22, with the openings facing forward. This is mainly for high-pressure cleaning of coal slurry in the structural surface, clearing the fracture surface and strengthening the connectivity of the fracture channels, thereby increasing the fluid transport speed in the structural surface.

[0031] The rear end of the grooved drill rod 25 is equipped with a water injection flow meter 26, a water injection pressure gauge 28, and a capsule pressure gauge 29. The water injection flow meter 26 and the water injection pressure gauge 28 are connected in series with the high-pressure hose 10. The water injection pressure gauge 28 mainly measures the water pressure in the high-pressure hose 10. When used in conjunction with the water injection flow meter 26, it can analyze the location in the structural surface. The location with lower pressure and higher flow velocity is the location of structural surface development. The capsule pressure gauge 29 is connected in series with the capsule water injection pipe 11 and is generally set to be greater than 4MPa to ensure that the capsule can block the borehole wall after expansion and deformation, thereby sealing the water in the structural surface.

[0032] The input end of the rubber capsule water injection system 6 is connected to the booster pump 5. The main pipeline of the rubber capsule water injection system 6 is sequentially equipped with a pressure regulating valve 17 with a pressure gauge 15, a water inlet valve 16, and a water outlet valve 13 with a pressure gauge 15. The water outlet 22 of the water outlet valve 13 leads to the water tank 12. The output end of the rubber capsule water injection system 6 is connected to the capsule water injection pipe 11 through a high-pressure water pipe 9.

[0033] The input end of the high-pressure water injection system 7 is connected to another booster pump 5. The main pipeline of the high-pressure water injection system 7 is equipped with a pressure regulating valve 17, an inlet valve 16, a pressure gauge 15, a flow meter 14, and a drain valve 13 in sequence. The outlet hole 22 of the drain valve 13 leads to the water tank 12. The output end of the high-pressure water injection system 7 is connected to the gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3.

[0034] The detection and monitoring components include a transient electromagnetic detection module and a gas monitoring module. The transient electromagnetic detection module is used to collect resistivity data in the concealed structural surface area, and the gas monitoring module includes several gas monitors to collect the concentration signal and alarm information of the tracer gas in the observation borehole. The detection and monitoring components are also equipped with a data transmission unit to transmit the collected resistivity data, gas concentration signal and alarm information to the data processing terminal to realize real-time recording of monitoring data.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, a method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in mines, using the aforementioned device for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in mines, comprises the following steps: S1. Delineation of anomaly zones: Based on the analysis results of three-dimensional seismic geophysical exploration on the surface, combined with the regional and mine structures and the distribution characteristics of contour lines of the coal seam floor, the regional structural anomaly zones are delineated and delineated. S2, Drilling arrangement: such as Figure 4 As shown, a fluid injection hole is drilled in the anomaly zone of the region. Drilling is stopped after the fluid injection hole reaches a preset depth in the anomaly zone. Eight observation holes are evenly arranged within 1m around the fluid injection hole. By observing the fluid outflow sequence, flow rate and tracer gas alarm sequence in the observation holes, the development direction of the structural surface can be determined.

[0036] After the drilling layout is completed, a sealing test is performed. The rubber capsule of the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 on the structural surface is injected with water through the rubber capsule water injection system 6. If the pressure change of the capsule is less than 0.1 MPa within 1 hour, the sealing is considered to be good. After the test is qualified, S3 is executed.

[0037] S3. Device installation: Clean the coal dust and broken rocks in the fluid injection hole, and send the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 into the fluid injection hole through the drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system 4, and make the head of the device extend into the area of ​​structural anomaly. S4. Capsule sealing: The rubber capsule of the anti-seize drilling water injection device 1 on the structural surface is pressurized by water injection through the rubber capsule water injection system 6. The pressure is generally greater than 3MPa, so that the capsule expands and fits tightly against the hole wall, and the pressure is stable. S5. Targeted Modification and Tracing: The concealed structural surfaces are targeted and traced by means of preliminary detection operations and fine tracing operations, either individually or in combination. Preliminary exploration: Switch the gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3 to connect with the high-pressure gas source 2, and inject SF6 and other characteristic tracer gases into the structural surface through the grooved water injection drill rod 20 of the structural surface anti-seize drilling water injection device 1; place a gas monitor in the observation borehole and record the alarm sequence of the gas detector. The line connecting the first borehole to display the alarm and the main borehole is the direction of structural surface development. Fine-tuning: Switch the gas-liquid switching three-way valve 3 to connect with the high-pressure water injection system 7 of the structural surface, and inject high-pressure fluid mixed with a marker tracer into the structural surface through the grooved water injection drill rod 20 of the structural surface anti-seize drilling water injection device 1; use the transient electromagnetic detection module to perform periodic physical detection for no less than 4 cycles, with an interval of 1 hour between adjacent detections, focusing on observing the resistivity change in the high-pressure water injection area; at the same time, observe the sequence and flow rate of the fluid in the observation hole, and the injection hole and the observation hole with fluid outflow indicate the direction of structural surface development; When jointly carrying out preliminary detection and fine tracing operations, the preliminary detection operation is first performed to determine the general direction of the structural surface, and then the fine tracing operation is performed to depict the specific shape of the structural surface. During the targeted modification and tracing process, real-time data is read through the water injection pressure gauge 28 and the water injection flow meter 26: if the flow velocity is high and the pressure is low, it indicates that the structural surface is fully developed; if the flow velocity is low and the pressure is high, it indicates that the structural surface fissures are closed, and the injection pressure is increased through the pressure regulating valve 17 of the high-pressure water injection system 7 of the structural surface.

[0038] S6. Repeat step S5 until the target detection results are stable.

[0039] The marker tracer gas includes at least one of SF6 and He; the marker tracer includes at least one of fluorescent agents and non-radioactive rare earth elements.

[0040] The remaining technical features in the above embodiments can be flexibly selected by those skilled in the art to meet different specific practical needs according to actual circumstances. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims. In the above description, numerous specific details have been set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to implement the present invention. In other instances, to avoid obscuring the present invention, well-known techniques, such as specific construction details, operating conditions, and other technical conditions, have not been specifically described.

[0041] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines, characterized in that, include: Anti-seize drilling water injection device for structural surfaces, rubber capsule water injection system, high-pressure water injection system for structural surfaces, drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system, detection and monitoring components, high-pressure air source, and gas-liquid switching three-way valve. The two input ends of the gas-liquid switching three-way valve are connected to the high-pressure gas source and the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface, respectively, and the output end is connected to the anti-seize drilling water injection device of the structural surface. It is used to realize the selective transfer and switching of tracer gas and high-pressure fluid to the anti-seize drilling water injection device of the structural surface. A structural face anti-seize drilling water injection device is used to receive the transported tracer gas or high-pressure fluid and directionally transport it to the concealed structural face; The rubber capsule water injection system is connected to the rubber capsule of the anti-seize drill water injection device on the structural surface and is used for rubber capsule inflation and sealing operations. The drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system are linked with the anti-seize water injection device on the structural face for drilling operations and device positioning; The detection and monitoring components monitor the resistivity changes of concealed structural surfaces and the migration of tracer media.

2. The small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seize drilling water injection device for the structural surface includes a first rubber capsule, a grooved water injection drill rod, a second rubber capsule, and a grooved drill rod connected in sequence. The front end of the first rubber capsule is provided with a capsule plug, and both ends of the first and second rubber capsules are provided with capsule buckles; both the first and second rubber capsules are connected to the capsule water injection pipe, which passes through the grooved water injection drill rod and the grooved drill rod, and is connected to the rubber bladder water injection system; The grooved water injection drill rod and the grooved drill rod are connected in sequence. The grooved drill rod is connected to the high-pressure hose. The high-pressure hose is connected to the high-pressure air source or the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface through the gas-liquid switching three-way valve. The end of the grooved drill rod is linked to the drilling rig and the drill rod propulsion system through the drill rod joint. The grooved water injection drill rod and the grooved drill rod are provided with grooved threads. The grooved water injection drill rod is provided with several trumpet-shaped water outlet holes. The rear end of the grooved drill rod is equipped with a water injection flow meter, a water injection pressure gauge, and a capsule pressure gauge. The water injection flow meter and the water injection pressure gauge are connected in series with the high-pressure hose, and the capsule pressure gauge is connected in series with the capsule water injection pipe.

3. The small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The input end of the rubber capsule water injection system is connected to the booster pump. The main pipeline of the rubber capsule water injection system is equipped with a pressure regulating valve with a pressure gauge, a water inlet valve, and a water outlet valve with a pressure gauge. The outlet of the water outlet valve leads to the water tank. The output end of the rubber capsule water injection system is connected to the capsule water injection pipe.

4. The small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The input end of the high-pressure water injection system for the structural surface is connected to another booster pump. The main pipeline of the high-pressure water injection system for the structural surface is equipped with a pressure regulating valve, an inlet valve, a pressure gauge, a flow meter, and a drain valve in sequence. The outlet of the drain valve leads to the water tank. The output end of the high-pressure water injection system for the structural surface is connected to a gas-liquid switching three-way valve.

5. A small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device for mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection and monitoring component includes a transient electromagnetic detection module and a gas monitoring module. The transient electromagnetic detection module is used to collect resistivity data in the concealed structural surface area. The gas monitoring module includes several gas monitors for collecting the concentration signal and alarm information of the tracer gas in the observation borehole. The detection and monitoring component is also equipped with a data transmission unit for transmitting the collected resistivity data, gas concentration signal and alarm information to the data processing terminal to realize real-time recording of monitoring data.

6. A method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in mines, employing a small-scale concealed structure detection and tracing device as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1. Delineation of anomaly zones: Based on the analysis results of three-dimensional seismic geophysical exploration on the surface, combined with the regional and mine structures and the distribution characteristics of contour lines of the coal seam floor, the regional structural anomaly zones are delineated and delineated. S2. Drilling arrangement: Drill fluid injection holes in the abnormal zone of the area. Drilling stops after the fluid injection holes reach a preset depth in the abnormal zone. Arrange several observation holes within a preset range around the fluid injection holes. S3. Device installation: Clean the coal dust and broken rocks in the fluid injection hole, and send the anti-seize drilling water injection device into the fluid injection hole through the drilling rig and drill rod propulsion system, and make the device head extend into the area of ​​structural anomaly. S4. Capsule sealing: The rubber capsule of the anti-seize drilling water injection device on the structural surface is pressurized by injecting water into the rubber capsule through the rubber capsule water injection system, so that the capsule expands and fits tightly against the hole wall, maintaining stable pressure. S5. Targeted Modification and Tracing: The concealed structural surfaces are targeted and traced by means of preliminary detection operations and fine tracing operations, either individually or in combination. Preliminary exploration: Switch the gas-liquid switching three-way valve to connect with the high-pressure gas source, and inject the marker tracer gas into the structural surface through the grooved water injection drill rod of the anti-seize drilling water injection device; place a gas monitor with a gas monitoring module in the observation borehole to monitor the movement of the tracer gas in the observation borehole; Fine-tuning: Switch the gas-liquid switching three-way valve to connect with the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface, and inject high-pressure fluid mixed with a marker tracer into the structural surface through the grooved water injection drill rod of the anti-seize drilling water injection device of the structural surface; use the transient electromagnetic detection module to perform periodic physical detection for no less than 4 cycles, with an interval of 1 hour between adjacent detections, observe the resistivity change in the structural surface area, and at the same time observe the fluid outflow sequence and flow rate in the borehole; S6. Repeat step S5 until the target detection results are stable.

7. The method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in a mine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Before performing the device installation operation in step S3, a sealing test operation is performed first. The rubber capsule of the anti-seize drilling water injection device on the structural surface is injected with water through the device's rubber capsule water injection system. If the pressure change of the capsule is less than 0.1MPa within 1 hour, the sealing is considered to be good. After passing the test, step S3 is performed.

8. The method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in a mine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: the marker tracer gas includes at least one of SF6 and He; the marker tracer includes at least one of fluorescent agents and non-radioactive rare earth elements.

9. A method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in a mine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: In step S5, when the preliminary detection operation and the fine tracing operation are carried out together, the preliminary detection operation is first performed to determine the general direction of the structural surface, and then the fine tracing operation is performed to depict the specific shape of the structural surface; and during the targeted modification and tracing process, real-time data is read through the water injection pressure gauge and the water injection flow meter: if the flow velocity is high and the pressure is low, it indicates that the structural surface is fully developed; if the flow velocity is low and the pressure is high, it indicates that the structural surface fissures are closed, and the injection pressure is increased through the pressure regulating valve of the high-pressure water injection system of the structural surface.

10. The method for detecting and tracing small-scale concealed structures in a mine according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the number of observation boreholes is no less than three, and they are evenly distributed around the fluid injection hole; by observing the fluid outflow sequence, flow rate and tracer gas alarm sequence in the boreholes, the development direction of the structural surface is determined.

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