Display module and display device

Abstract

The invention discloses a display module and a display device, and belongs to the technical field of display. The sound production function layer is arranged on the light emitting side of the display panel, and the sound production function layer comprises sound production units which are arranged in an array mode; the touch control and vibration feedback function layer is arranged on the side, away from the display panel, of the sound production function layer, and the touch control and vibration feedback function layer comprises a first circuit layer, a second circuit layer and an insulation isolation layer arranged between the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer; wherein the insulation isolation layer comprises insulation units which are arranged in an array mode, and cavities are formed between the insulation units and the first circuit layer and between the insulation units and the second circuit layer; the sound production unit is aligned with the cavity; the display device comprises the display module. According to the invention, the module structure is simplified, the space occupation is reduced, the acoustic performance is improved, the sound leakage is reduced, the display effect and the audio quality are improved, and the user experience is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module that integrates multiple functions such as display, touch, sound generation and vibration feedback, as well as a display device having the display module. Background Technology

[0002] In existing display devices, display, touch, and sound functions are mostly implemented using separate modules, resulting in redundant device structure, low space utilization, and fragmented interactive experience. As consumer electronic devices develop towards thinner and more integrated designs, traditional display module designs suffer from problems such as increased thickness due to stacked touch layers and display panels, external speakers occupying bezel space, and mutual constraints between sound quality and touch sensitivity.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, related technologies integrate a sound-generating layer and a touch-sensitive layer in a stacked configuration on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The sound-generating layer uses piezoelectric elements to vibrate under an electric field to generate sound waves. However, this approach is constrained by screen thickness and the upper touch-sensitive layer, resulting in significant energy attenuation of the sound waves during propagation, a lack of directional control in the sound field distribution, significant sound leakage, and insufficient output volume. Furthermore, its integrated structure struggles to simultaneously meet the multi-functional requirements of display, touch, sound generation, and vibration feedback, negatively impacting the user experience.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a display module with high functional integration and good sound output. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a display module and display device, which have advantages such as simplifying equipment structure, reducing space occupation, improving acoustic performance, reducing sound leakage, and improving sound quality, thereby at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a display module is provided, the display module comprising:

[0007] Display panel; A sound-emitting functional layer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel, and the sound-emitting functional layer includes an array of sound-emitting units; A touch and vibration feedback functional layer is disposed on the side of the sound-emitting functional layer away from the display panel. In a direction perpendicular to the display panel, the touch and vibration feedback functional layer includes a first circuit layer, a second circuit layer, and an insulating isolation layer disposed between the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer. The insulating isolation layer includes an array of insulating units, and a cavity is formed between the insulating units and the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer. The sound-emitting unit is aligned with the cavity in a direction perpendicular to the display panel.

[0008] Optionally, the display module further includes: A cover plate is disposed on the side of the touch and vibration feedback functional layer away from the sound-generating functional layer; The display panel includes a color filter layer, which includes an array of color resist blocks and a black matrix disposed between adjacent color resist blocks; The projection of the insulating unit on the cover plate at least partially overlaps with the projection of the black matrix on the cover plate; the projection of the cavity on the cover plate at least partially overlaps with the projection of the color resist block on the cover plate.

[0009] Optionally, the projection of the sound-emitting unit onto the cover plate at least covers the projection of the color resist block onto the cover plate, and does not exceed the projection range of the black matrix surrounding the color resist block onto the cover plate.

[0010] Optionally, the insulating unit includes a first insulating unit and a second insulating unit arranged at intervals, and the cavity is formed between the first insulating unit and the second insulating unit; The first insulating unit is made of an insulating piezoelectric material, and the second insulating unit is made of at least one of an insulating non-piezoelectric material and a piezoelectric material.

[0011] Optionally, the first circuit layer includes an array of first electrodes, and in a first direction, two adjacent first electrodes are electrically connected through a first channel. The second circuit layer includes an array of second electrodes, and in a second direction, adjacent second electrodes are electrically connected via a second channel line; the first direction is different from the second direction. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel, the first electrode and the second electrode are aligned, and at least one first insulating unit is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. Optionally, the first circuit layer further includes an array of third electrodes, and adjacent third electrodes are electrically connected through a third channel line in the first direction; the third electrodes are spaced apart from the first electrodes, and the third channel line is spaced apart from the first channel line. The second circuit layer further includes an array of fourth electrodes, and in the second direction, two adjacent fourth electrodes are electrically connected through a fourth channel line; the fourth electrodes are arranged at intervals from the second electrodes, and the fourth channel line is arranged at intervals from the second channel line; In the direction perpendicular to the display panel, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are aligned, at least one second insulating unit is located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, and the material of the second insulating unit is a piezoelectric material.

[0012] Optionally, the first circuit layer further includes an array of third electrodes arranged at intervals from the first electrodes; in a direction perpendicular to the display panel, at least one second insulating unit is aligned with the third electrode, and the material of the second insulating unit is a non-piezoelectric material; In the first direction, two adjacent third electrodes are electrically connected by a third channel line, the third channel line intersects the second channel line in different layers, and the third electrode and the second electrode are coupled to form a mutual inductance capacitance; Alternatively, in the second direction, two adjacent third electrodes are electrically connected via a third channel line, the third channel line intersecting the first channel line at different layers, and the third electrode and the first electrode are coupled to form a mutual inductance capacitance. Optionally, the sound-emitting functional layer further includes a third circuit layer, which is disposed between the display panel and the sound-emitting unit; both the third circuit layer and the circuit layer located between the sound-emitting unit and the insulating isolation layer are transparent circuit layers. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel, the upper and lower transparent circuit layers further include a first sound control electrode and a second sound control electrode arranged opposite to each other, and the channel lines of the first sound control electrode and the second sound control electrode intersect in opposite layers. At least one of the sound-generating units is located between the first sound-generating control electrode and the second sound-generating control electrode.

[0013] Optionally, the display module further includes: A buffer unit is filled in the cavity, and the buffer unit is made of a flexible, transparent material.

[0014] According to a second aspect of this application, a display device is also provided, the display device comprising the display module described in any one of the preceding claims.

[0015] In the display module provided in this application embodiment, the sound-emitting unit and the cavity are aligned and set by the above technical solution. The sound-emitting effect is enhanced by the resonance of the cavity structure and the light transmittance is optimized. At the same time, the touch and vibration feedback function layers are integrated, which simplifies the device structure, reduces space occupation, improves acoustic performance, reduces sound leakage, improves display effect and audio quality, and enhances user experience.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the first display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the insulating isolation layer structure of the first display module provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the second display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a second display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100 - Display module; 10 - Display panel; AA - Display area; NAA - Non-display area; 11 - Pixel unit; 12 - Color filter layer; 121 - Color resist block; 122 - Black matrix; 20 - Sound generation layer; 21 - Sound generation unit; 22 - Third circuit layer; 221 - First sound generation control electrode; 222 - Second sound generation control electrode; 30 - Touch and vibration feedback layer; 31 - First circuit layer; 311 - First electrode; 312 - First channel line; 313 - Third electrode; 314 - Third channel line; 32 - Insulating layer; 321 - First insulating unit; 322 - Second insulating unit; 33 - Second circuit layer; 331 - Second electrode; 332 - Second channel line; 333 - Fourth electrode; 334 - Fourth channel line; 34 - Cavity; 40 - Control unit; 41 - First control unit; 42 - Second control unit; 50 - Buffer unit; 60 - Cover plate; X - First direction; Y - Second direction; Z - Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0022] In existing display devices, display, touch, and sound functions are mostly implemented using separate modules, resulting in redundant device structure, low space utilization, and fragmented interactive experience. As consumer electronics devices become thinner and more integrated, traditional display module designs suffer from problems such as increased thickness due to stacked touch layers and display panels, external speakers occupying bezel space, and mutual constraints between sound quality and touch sensitivity. To address these issues, related technologies integrate the sound-generating and touch-generating layers in a stacked configuration on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The sound-generating layer generates sound waves through the vibration of piezoelectric elements under an electric field. However, this approach is limited by screen thickness and the constraints of the upper touch-generating layer. The sound waves experience significant energy attenuation during propagation, and the sound field distribution lacks directional control, leading to noticeable sound leakage and insufficient output volume. Furthermore, its integrated structure cannot simultaneously meet the multi-functional requirements of display, touch, sound, and vibration feedback, impacting the user experience.

[0023] In view of this, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the first display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] In a first aspect, this application provides a display module 100, which includes a display panel 10, a sound-emitting functional layer 20, and a touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. The display panel 10 is the core component of the display module 100, and its main function is to display image information. The display panel 10 can be a liquid crystal display panel 10, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel 10, a micro light-emitting diode (Micro LED) display panel 10, etc. The shape of the display panel 10 can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, or other regular or irregular shapes. This application does not specifically limit this shape. In the embodiments of this application, the display panel 10 is described using a rectangular structure as an example.

[0025] Specifically, the display panel 10 has a display area AA and a non-display area NAA adjacent to at least one side of the display area AA. The display area AA is arrayed with pixel units 11 for image display. Each pixel unit 11 includes at least three sub-pixels that emit red, green, and blue light respectively. There are various arrangements of sub-pixels, including standard RGB, RGBW, Pentile, and diamond arrangements. This application does not specifically limit the sub-pixel arrangement of the display panel 10; in specific implementations, it can be designed according to the actual usage requirements of the display module 100.

[0026] The sound-emitting layer 20 is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10. Its function is to replace the independently installed speakers in traditional display devices, enabling external sound output. The sound-emitting layer 20 includes an array of sound-emitting units 21. These units 21 can be made of a transparent material that vibrates and produces sound when electrically conductive, allowing them to vibrate and generate sound under the drive of an alternating electric field. The sound-emitting units 21 are the basic sound-emitting components in the sound-emitting layer 20. They are distributed in an array and work together to generate the desired sound field. Each sound-emitting unit 21 can be driven independently or collaboratively to achieve different sound effects and sound field distributions, allowing sound to be emitted directly from the display area AA, reducing reliance on external speakers and contributing to a thinner and lighter device design.

[0027] For example, the sound-generating unit 21 can be made of at least one material such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The main component of PZT is lead zirconate titanate, with the chemical formula Pb(Zr) x Ti 1-x PZT material is made from zirconium, titanium, and lead oxides through sintering or thin-film deposition. Its core structure is a perovskite-type crystal, making it an inorganic piezoelectric ceramic material. PVDF material's main component is polyvinylidene fluoride, with the chemical formula -(CH2-CF2). n PVDF material is polymerized from fluorinated vinyl monomers and requires stretching and polarization treatment to obtain piezoelectric properties. It is primarily in the form of a thin film and is an organic piezoelectric polymer material. The sound-generating unit 21 can be a thin film or block structure made of PZT material, a thin film or block structure made of PVDF material, or a composite thin film or block structure made of PZT and PVDF materials. This application does not specifically limit its application in this regard.

[0028] In specific implementation, the sound-emitting unit 21 can be set for each pixel unit 11 on the display panel 10. That is, one sound-emitting unit 21 can be set for the light-emitting side of one pixel unit 11, or one sound-emitting unit 21 can be set for the light-emitting side of each sub-pixel of one pixel unit 11. This achieves pixel-level arrangement of the sound-emitting units 21, which can significantly improve the arrangement density of the sound-emitting units 21 and improve the sound emission effect. Alternatively, the sound-emitting unit 21 can also be set for multiple pixel units 11 on the display panel 10. That is, one sound-emitting unit 21 can be set for the light-emitting side of multiple pixel units 11. This helps to reduce the manufacturing process difficulty and production cost of the sound-emitting functional layer 20.

[0029] The touch and vibration feedback function layer 30 is located on the side of the sound function layer 20 away from the display panel 10. It integrates touch position detection and vibration feedback functions. This function layer can sense the user's touch operation and provide tactile feedback according to preset or real-time instructions, thereby enhancing the user's interactive experience.

[0030] Furthermore, in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, the touch and vibration feedback function layer 30 includes a first circuit layer 31, a second circuit layer 33, and an insulating isolation layer 32 disposed between the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33. The "direction perpendicular to the display panel 10" refers to the thickness direction of the display module 100. In this embodiment, the "direction perpendicular to the display panel 10" is illustrated using the third direction Z as an example, where the third direction Z is perpendicular to the plane of the display panel 10. The first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 are conductive layers, which can be patterned to form their respective electrode arrays for constructing electric fields or transmitting electrical signals. These two circuit layers cooperate with each other in the vertical direction to realize touch point detection and vibration feedback functions, enabling the integration of touch and vibration feedback functions into a compact module.

[0031] In specific implementations, the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 can be made of non-transparent conductive materials (such as silver, copper, molybdenum, aluminum molybdenum, and other metallic materials). However, the lines in the circuit layers must avoid the light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 11 to prevent blocking the emitted light from the pixel unit 11. Alternatively, at least one of the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 can be made of transparent conductive materials (such as indium tin oxide, ITO), allowing some lines to be located in the light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 11, thus improving wiring tolerance. Understandably, "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish between the two circuit layers and are not a limitation on the hierarchy of the circuit layers. In specific implementations, the positions of the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 can be interchanged, that is, the first circuit layer 31 can be placed closer to the sound-emitting functional layer 20 and the second circuit layer 33 can be placed further away from the sound-emitting functional layer 20; or the second circuit layer 33 can be placed closer to the sound-emitting functional layer 20 and the first circuit layer 31 can be placed further away from the sound-emitting functional layer 20. In use, when a user operates the touchscreen, the relevant circuits in the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 of the touch and vibration feedback function layer 30 can detect changes in capacitance or pressure, thereby accurately identifying the touch position. When the system needs to provide haptic feedback, specific areas of the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 of the touch and vibration feedback function layer 30 can be driven to generate micro-vibrations. Through the synergistic effect of the insulating unit and the circuit layers, precise vibration feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the realism of the interaction.

[0032] The insulating layer 32 is a non-conductive layer disposed between the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33. Its main function is to provide electrical insulation, prevent short circuits and signal interference between circuit layers, and provide structural support for touch and vibration feedback functions. The insulating layer 32 includes an array of insulating units, and cavities 34 are formed between the insulating units and the first and second circuit layers 31 and 33. In a direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, the sound-emitting unit 21 is aligned with the cavity 34. The cavity 34 is an internal space formed between the insulating units and the first and second circuit layers 31 and 33. These cavities 34 can improve the propagation characteristics of the sound waves output by the sound-emitting unit 21, thereby improving the sound emission effect of the display module 100. The insulating units are discrete structures arrayed in the insulating layer 32. They form specific patterns or intervals in the insulating layer 32. The insulating units can be formed on the insulating layer 32 through photolithography and etching processes. These insulating units, together with the upper and lower adjacent circuit layers, define the cavity 34 structure.

[0033] In specific implementation, the insulating unit can be made of a non-transparent insulating material, but it must avoid the light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 11 to prevent blocking the emitted light from the pixel unit 11. Preferably, the insulating unit can be made of a transparent insulating material (such as inorganic dielectric material, polymer piezoelectric material, etc.) to reduce the impact on the light emission effect of the pixel unit 11. Adjacent insulating units can be enclosed to form an annular sidewall structure of cavity 34. Cavity 34 and sound-emitting unit 21 can be aligned in a one-to-one manner or in a one-to-many manner; this application does not specifically limit this.

[0034] Through the above technical solution, the display module 100 provided in this embodiment utilizes the layered structure space of the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 to construct a cavity 34 aligned with the sound-emitting unit 21 in the sound-emitting functional layer 20. Precise alignment allows the sound waves generated by the sound-emitting unit 21 to enter and pass through the cavity 34, thereby reducing the attenuation of sound waves during outward transmission. Furthermore, the resonance effect of the cavity 34 can be used to enhance the sound emission effect, optimize the sound wave transmission path and efficiency, significantly improve the acoustic performance of the display module 100, and utilize the precise directional sound transmission effect of the cavity 34 to maximize the concentration of sound waves towards the outlet direction of the cavity 34, avoiding sound leakage. In addition, this application integrates the sound-emitting functional layer 20 and the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10, and integrates the touch and vibration feedback functions into a single functional layer, reducing functional layering, decreasing screen stacking thickness, and reducing space occupation.

[0035] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 This application further proposes that the display module 100 also includes a cover plate 60, which is disposed on the side of the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 away from the sound generation functional layer 20.

[0036] The display panel 10 includes a color filter layer 12, which includes an array of color resist blocks 121 and a black matrix 122 disposed between adjacent color resist blocks 121. The projection of the insulating unit onto the cover plate 60 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the black matrix 122 onto the cover plate 60; the projection of the cavity 34 onto the cover plate 60 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the color resist blocks 121 onto the cover plate 60.

[0037] Specifically, the cover plate 60 is the outermost transparent protective layer of the display module 100, used to protect the internal structure from physical damage, dust, and moisture. Its function is to provide mechanical protection and structural support, and it can be made of glass, polymer materials, or composite materials. The cover plate 60 can be bonded to the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 using optical adhesive, or fixed by edge sealing.

[0038] The color filter layer 12 is a key component of the display panel 10, used to achieve color display, and is typically located above or below the thin-film transistor array. Color resist blocks 121 in the color filter layer 12 are tiny areas used to generate the three primary colors: red, green, and blue. Each color resist block 121 corresponds to a sub-pixel, allowing light of a specific wavelength to pass through through filtering. The color resist blocks 121 can be made by mixing photoresist and pigment, and formed into an array through photolithography. The black matrix 122 is an opaque area disposed between adjacent color resist blocks 121. Its main function is to block light leakage, improve contrast, and prevent crosstalk between sub-pixels of different colors. The black matrix 122 is typically made of chromium, chromium oxide, or resin materials, and formed through vapor deposition or photolithography. The alignment of the insulating unit with the black matrix 122, and the alignment of the cavity 34 with the color resist block 121, can be achieved through precise mask alignment and photolithography process. This ensures that the insulating unit is located in the non-light-emitting area of ​​the display panel 10, avoids blocking the emitted light of the pixel unit 11, and enables the cavity 34 to be aligned with the light-emitting area. This improves the sound effect while ensuring that the display function of the display panel 10 is not affected.

[0039] The display module 100 provided in this embodiment achieves precise alignment between the functional layer and the pixel structure of the display panel 10 by defining the projection alignment relationship between the insulating unit and cavity 34 and the black matrix 122 and color resist block 121 in the color filter layer 12. The cover plate 60, as the outermost layer of the display module 100, provides stable mechanical protection and structural support for the entire module and serves as a reference surface for subsequent projection alignment. The color filter layer 12 inside the display panel 10 is composed of an array of color resist blocks 121 and the black matrix 122 between them, clearly dividing the light-emitting and non-light-emitting areas of the display area AA. Through ingenious structural design, this application ensures that the projection of the insulating unit in the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 onto the cover plate 60 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the black matrix 122 onto the cover plate 60. This means that the insulating unit is arranged in the non-light-emitting area of ​​the display panel 10, thereby avoiding obstruction of the light emitted from the pixel unit 11, minimizing light loss, and ensuring the brightness and uniformity of the displayed image. Meanwhile, the projection of cavity 34 onto cover plate 60 at least partially overlaps with the projection of color resist block 121 onto cover plate 60, enabling cavity 34 to be precisely aligned with the light-emitting area of ​​display panel 10. The presence of cavity 34 not only provides resonance space for sound-emitting unit 21, enhancing the propagation efficiency and loudness of sound waves, but also, due to its alignment with the light-emitting area, further optimizes light transmittance, reduces the adverse effects of functional layers on display effects, and optimizes the optical performance of display module 100.

[0040] In practical implementation, the width of the insulating unit can be designed to match the width of the black matrix 122, ensuring that its projection falls entirely within the area of ​​the black matrix 122. Simultaneously, the forming area of ​​the cavity 34 is aligned with the patterned mask of the color resist block 121, so that the opening area of ​​the cavity 34 precisely corresponds to the light-emitting area of ​​the color resist block 121 in the vertical direction. This ensures that the effective area of ​​the cavity 34 completely covers the color resist block 121, thereby maximizing the efficiency of light transmission and acoustic resonance. This alignment can be achieved using high-precision alignment equipment, such as a stepper lithography machine or a scanning lithography machine, combined with optical alignment marks.

[0041] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 This application further proposes that the projection of the sound-emitting unit 21 on the cover plate 60 at least covers the projection of the color resist block 121 on the cover plate 60 and does not exceed the projection range of the black matrix 122 surrounding the color resist block 121 on the cover plate 60. Here, "the projection of the sound-emitting unit 21 on the cover plate 60" refers to the two-dimensional planar mapping area of ​​the sound-emitting unit 21 on the cover plate 60 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z. "At least covers the projection of the color resist block 121 on the cover plate 60" means that the projection area of ​​the sound-emitting unit 21 on the cover plate 60 is not less than the projection area of ​​the color resist block 121 on the cover plate 60, ensuring that the sound-emitting unit 21 can completely cover the light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixel, thereby maximizing the acoustic coupling efficiency of the sound-emitting unit 21 without obstructing the effective light path and ensuring the brightness of the displayed image. "Not exceeding the projection range of the black matrix 122 surrounding the color resist 121 on the cover plate 60" means that the projection area of ​​the sound-emitting unit 21 on the cover plate 60 is completely within the boundary defined by the color resist 121 and the projection of the surrounding black matrix 122 on the cover plate 60. The black matrix 122 is typically used to isolate the light from different sub-pixels and to block the driving circuit.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, the display module 100 provided in this application restricts the projection of the sound-emitting unit 21 within the range of the black matrix 122, which can prevent the sound-emitting unit 21 from encroaching on the effective light-emitting area of ​​adjacent sub-pixels or causing unnecessary occlusion to the display area AA outside the black matrix 122, thereby maintaining the uniformity and color purity of the displayed image and ensuring the display effect. In addition, through the precise alignment of the sound-emitting unit 21 and the color resist block 121, the pixel-level fine arrangement of the sound-emitting unit 21 is achieved, thereby realizing uniform sound emission throughout the display area AA. Furthermore, the sound-emitting unit 21 can be driven to vibrate and emit sound through zone control or independent control to achieve multi-channel sound effects, further improving the sound emission effect of the display module 100 and enhancing the user experience.

[0043] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2This application further proposes that the insulating unit includes a first insulating unit 321 and a second insulating unit 322 arranged at intervals, with a cavity 34 formed between the first insulating unit 321 and the second insulating unit 322. The first insulating unit 321 is made of an insulating piezoelectric material, and the second insulating unit 322 is made of at least one of an insulating non-piezoelectric material and a piezoelectric material.

[0044] Specifically, the insulating units serve as isolation and support in the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. By dividing it into spaced-apart first insulating units 321 and second insulating units 322, independent physical areas can be provided for different functions (such as vibration feedback and touch). The spaced-apart arrangement of the first insulating units 321 and second insulating units 322 helps to achieve functional zoning and avoid mutual interference between different functions. The cavity 34 refers to the hollow area defined by the specific arrangement of the first insulating units 321 and second insulating units 322 inside the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. These cavities 34 can be formed by selectively depositing or etching materials during the manufacturing process. For example, after depositing the insulating unit material, a portion of the material can be removed using a sacrificial layer process to form the cavity 34; or, the insulating units themselves are discrete structures, and the spaces between them naturally form the cavity 34. The presence of the cavity 34 is crucial for improving sound quality and light transmittance. It provides a resonant space for sound wave propagation and reduces the obstruction of light transmission.

[0045] Piezoelectric materials are materials that generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress, and deform when subjected to an electric field. Insulation ensures their proper functioning in a circuit. Exemplarily, the first insulating unit 321 can be made of at least one material such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The main component of PZT is lead zirconate titanate, with the chemical formula Pb(Zr) x Ti 1-x O3. PZT material is made from zirconium, titanium, and lead oxides through sintering or thin-film deposition. Its core structure is a perovskite-type crystal, making it an inorganic piezoelectric ceramic material. PVDF material's main component is polyvinylidene fluoride, with the chemical formula -(CH2-CF2). nPVDF material is polymerized from fluorinated vinyl monomers and requires stretching and polarization treatment to obtain piezoelectric properties. It is primarily in the form of a thin film and is an organic piezoelectric polymer material. The first insulating unit 321 can be a thin film or block structure made of PZT material, a thin film or block structure made of PVDF material, or a composite thin film or block structure made of PZT and PVDF materials; this application does not specifically limit this. The first insulating unit 321 can generate mechanical vibration in response to an electric field, thereby realizing a vibration feedback function. This material selection allows the first insulating unit 321 to function as an independent vibration feedback actuator.

[0046] When the material of the second insulating unit 322 is an insulating non-piezoelectric material, such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (SiN), x The second insulating unit 322 can serve as the dielectric layer of a capacitive touch sensor, achieving touch functionality by detecting changes in capacitance. When the material of the second insulating unit 322 is a piezoelectric material such as PZT or PVDF as described above, the second insulating unit 322 can function as a piezoelectric touch sensor, achieving touch functionality by detecting changes in charge generated by pressing. This material selection enables the second insulating unit 322 to effectively achieve touch functionality and work in conjunction with the vibration feedback function of the first insulating unit 321.

[0047] The display module 100 provided in this embodiment achieves effective integration and synergy of vibration feedback and touch functions through refined design of the insulating units in the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. Specifically, the insulating units are divided into a first insulating unit 321 and a second insulating unit 322 arranged at intervals. This structural distinction is the basis for functional separation. The first insulating unit 321 uses an insulating piezoelectric material, enabling it to generate precise mechanical vibration when receiving a drive signal, thereby providing localized vibration feedback. Meanwhile, the second insulating unit 322 can be either an insulating non-piezoelectric material to support capacitive touch or a piezoelectric material to support piezoelectric touch. This differentiated material configuration allows the first insulating unit 321 and the second insulating unit 322 to independently perform their respective functions within the same layer, avoiding the problem of mutual interference between functional units in traditional solutions.

[0048] Furthermore, the spaced arrangement of the first insulating unit 321 and the second insulating unit 322 naturally forms cavities 34 between them. These cavities 34 not only provide resonance space for the sound-emitting units 21 in the sound-emitting functional layer 20, thereby enhancing the propagation efficiency and loudness of sound waves, but also significantly improve the light transmittance of the entire functional layer due to the hollow nature of the cavities 34, reducing the impact on the light emission effect of the display panel 10. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, the sound-emitting units 21 are aligned with these cavities 34, enabling the sound waves generated by the sound-emitting units 21 to propagate more effectively through the cavities 34. While realizing touch and vibration feedback functions, it also plays a positive role in promoting sound and display performance. In this way, the solution of this application achieves deep integration of display, sound, touch, and vibration feedback functions within a limited thickness space, and the functions promote each other, jointly improving the overall performance and user experience of the display module 100.

[0049] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the first display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0050] This application further proposes that the first circuit layer 31 includes an array of first electrodes 311, and adjacent first electrodes 311 are electrically connected in the first direction X via a first channel line 312. The second circuit layer 33 includes an array of second electrodes 331, and adjacent second electrodes 331 are electrically connected in the second direction Y via a second channel line 332. The first direction X is different from the second direction Y.

[0051] In this configuration, the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331 are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z. At least one first insulating unit 321 is located between the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331. In a specific implementation, a first insulating unit 321 can be provided between a group of relatively arranged first electrodes 311 and second electrodes 331 to achieve a pixelated fine arrangement of the vibration feedback function unit on the display panel 10. The first insulating unit 321 between the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331 can be driven to vibrate through partitioned control or independent control, thereby bringing a more delicate vibration feedback tactile sensation. Alternatively, in some other embodiments, multiple first insulating units 321 can be provided between a group of relatively arranged first electrodes 311 and second electrodes 331 to achieve a regional arrangement of the vibration feedback function unit on the display panel 10. Compared with the pixelated fine arrangement method, this significantly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the circuit layer, which is beneficial to reducing the process difficulty and manufacturing cost.

[0052] Specifically, the first circuit layer 31 is a conductive layer in the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. The first electrodes 311 arrayed on it are upper or lower conductive pattern units used to drive the first insulating unit 321 to vibrate and realize the vibration feedback function. The first electrodes 311 can be made of transparent conductive oxides (e.g., indium tin oxide ITO, indium zinc oxide IZO), metal thin films (e.g., silver, copper, molybdenum, aluminum, molybdenum), or conductive polymers. The first channel line 312 is a conductive trace connecting adjacent first electrodes 311, used to transmit electrical signals and ensure the electrical connectivity of the array of first electrodes 311 in the first direction X. The first channel line 312 can be made of the same material or a different material as the first electrodes 311. The first channel line 312 can be disposed in the first circuit layer 31 or in the second circuit layer 33. This application does not specifically limit this, and it can be adjusted accordingly according to the design requirements such as functional implementation and film thickness control. The first direction X can be the length direction of the display panel 10 or the width direction of the display panel 10. This application does not specifically limit it. In the embodiments of this application, the first direction X is described using the length direction of the display panel 10 as an example. The first direction X can also be defined as the row direction of the pixel array.

[0053] Specifically, the second circuit layer 33 is another conductive layer in the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. The second electrodes 331 arrayed on it cooperate with the first electrode 311 to drive the first insulating unit 321 to vibrate and realize the vibration feedback function. The second electrodes 331 can be made of transparent conductive oxides (such as indium tin oxide ITO, indium zinc oxide IZO), metal thin films (such as silver, copper, molybdenum, aluminum molybdenum), or conductive polymers. The second channel line 332 is a conductive trace connecting adjacent second electrodes 331, used to transmit electrical signals and ensure the electrical connectivity of the array of second electrodes 331 in the second direction Y. The second channel line 332 can be made of the same material or a different material as the second electrode 331. The second channel line 332 can be set in the second circuit layer 33 or in the first circuit layer 31. This application does not make specific limitations on this, and can be adjusted accordingly according to the design requirements such as functional implementation and film thickness control. The second direction Y is orthogonal to the first direction X. For example, if the first direction X is the length direction of the display panel 10, then the second direction Y is the width direction of the display panel 10, and vice versa.

[0054] Through the above technical solution, the display module 100 provided in this embodiment optimizes the layout of the electrodes and channel lines of the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33, realizing signal transmission and gridded control of the vibration feedback function electrodes in the horizontal dimension, facilitating independent control of multi-dimensional signals. In the third direction Z, the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331 are aligned to ensure that the electric field acts perpendicularly on the first insulating unit 321 between them, causing the first insulating unit 321 to generate directional vibration under the drive of the alternating electric field, thereby achieving pixel-level precise point feedback. This collaborative design avoids the problem of drive signal dispersion and improves the accuracy and response efficiency of vibration control.

[0055] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In a direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, the second circuit layer 33 is located above the first circuit layer 31 and relatively close to the cover plate 60, while the first circuit layer 31 is located below the second circuit layer 33 and relatively close to the display panel 10. The second circuit layer 33 can be made of metallic materials such as silver, copper, molybdenum, aluminum, or molybdenum, while the first circuit layer 31 can be made of a transparent ITO film. In some other embodiments, both the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 can be made of a transparent ITO film.

[0056] In specific implementation, an array of first electrodes 311 can be formed on the first circuit layer 31 through photolithography and etching processes. In the first direction X, two adjacent first electrodes 311 can be connected by first channel lines 312 arranged in the same layer. An array of second electrodes 331 can be formed on the second circuit layer 33 through photolithography and etching processes. In the second direction Y, two adjacent second electrodes 331 can be connected by second channel lines 332 arranged in the same layer, wherein the first channel lines 312 and the second channel lines 332 intersect at different layers. The first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 are separated by an insulating isolation layer 32. The first insulating units 321 arrayed in the insulating isolation layer 32 can be made of PZT thin film, and one first insulating unit 321 is located between a group of oppositely arranged first electrodes 311 and second electrodes 331. The display module 100 also includes a control unit 40 electrically connected to the channel lines of the sound-generating functional layer 20 and the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30. The control unit 40 includes a first control unit 41 and a second control unit 42. The first control unit 41 is connected to the first channel line 312 in the first direction X, and the second control unit 42 is connected to the second channel in the second direction Y. When vibration feedback is required for a specific area of ​​the display module 100, the first control unit 41 and the second control unit 42 apply alternating voltage signals to the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331 of the corresponding area, thereby generating a vertical alternating electric field on the first insulating unit 321, driving the first insulating unit 321 to deform and generate local vibration. This solution can achieve pixel-level precise fixed-point vibration feedback, significantly improving the uniformity of the vibration effect and the user interaction experience, enabling the display module 100 to provide more refined and personalized tactile feedback.

[0057] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3The display module 100 provided in this application embodiment further includes an array of third electrodes 313 in its first circuit layer 31. In the first direction X, adjacent third electrodes 313 are electrically connected via a third channel line 314, which can be electrically connected to a first control unit 41. The third electrodes 313 are spaced apart from the first electrodes 311, and the third channel line 314 is spaced apart from the first channel line 312. The second circuit layer 33 further includes an array of fourth electrodes 333. In the second direction Y, adjacent fourth electrodes 333 are electrically connected via a fourth channel line 334, which can be electrically connected to a second control unit 42. The fourth electrodes 333 are spaced apart from the second electrodes 331, and the fourth channel line 334 is spaced apart from the second channel line 332. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 333 are aligned and disposed, and at least one second insulating unit 322 is located between the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 333, and the material of the second insulating unit 322 is a piezoelectric material (such as PZT, PVDF, etc.).

[0058] Specifically, the third electrode 313 is a conductive unit disposed on the first circuit layer 31, arranged regularly in an array, mainly used to construct the row electrodes of the piezoelectric touch sensor. The third channel line 314 is a conductive path connecting adjacent third electrodes 313, used to electrically connect the third electrodes 313 in the array in the first direction X. In specific implementation, the third channel line 314 can be disposed on the same layer as the third electrode 313, the first electrode 311, and the first channel line 312, and the third channel line 314 is insulated from the first electrode 311 and the first channel line 312. This connection method enables the first control unit 41 and the second control unit 42 to scan the electrode array row by row or column by column to detect touch events. The third electrode 313 is arranged alternately with the first electrode 311, and the third channel line 314 is arranged alternately with the first channel line 312. This design aims to physically and electrically isolate the electrodes and channel lines used by the touch function and the vibration feedback function, so as to reduce electromagnetic interference and signal crosstalk between the two, and ensure the independence and accuracy of their respective functions. Spacing can be achieved by finely patterning within the same layer or by arranging them in different sub-layers.

[0059] Specifically, the fourth electrode 333 is a conductive unit disposed on the second circuit layer 33, also arranged regularly in an array. The fourth electrode 333, together with the third electrode 313, constitutes the column electrode of the piezoelectric touch sensor, aiming to form a vertical electric field or capacitance together with the third electrode 313. The second direction Y is orthogonal to the first direction X, so as to form a cross-shaped touch sensing matrix. Each intersection corresponds to a set of relatively arranged third electrodes 313 and fourth electrodes 333, and a second insulating unit 322 located between the third electrodes 313 and fourth electrodes 333. The three together constitute an independent piezoelectric touch sensing node to achieve precise touch operation. The fourth electrode 333 is arranged alternately with the second electrode 331, and the fourth channel line 334 is arranged alternately with the second channel line 332. The fourth channel line 334 is a conductive path connecting adjacent fourth electrodes 333, used to electrically connect the fourth electrodes 333 in the array in the second direction Y. In practical implementation, the fourth channel line 334 can be arranged on the same layer as the fourth electrode 333, the second electrode 331, and the second channel line 332, and the fourth channel line 334 is insulated from the second electrode 331 and the second channel line 332. This design ensures the spatial separation of the fourth electrode 333 from the second electrode 331, and the fourth channel line 334 from the second channel line 332, thereby avoiding mutual interference between the touch function and the vibration feedback function, and ensuring the purity of the touch signal and the accuracy of the vibration feedback.

[0060] When a user's finger touches the corresponding position on the cover plate 60, the pressure is transmitted downwards to the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30, and ultimately acts on the second insulating unit 322, made of piezoelectric material, located at that position, causing it to undergo a slight deformation (the deformation amplitude is positively correlated with the pressure applied). Due to the properties of the piezoelectric material, an electric charge or voltage signal (positive piezoelectric effect) is generated. These signals are read and processed by the control unit 40 through the third channel line 314 of the third electrode 313 and the fourth channel line 334 of the fourth electrode 333, thereby accurately detecting the position and intensity of the touch point and achieving precise touch point detection. This design utilizes the electromechanical coupling characteristics of piezoelectric materials to directly convert mechanical pressure into an electrical signal, providing high sensitivity and fast response for the touch function.

[0061] Through the above technical solution, this application introduces independent arrays of third electrodes 313 and fourth electrodes 333 in the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 respectively, and in conjunction with the second insulating unit 322 of piezoelectric material, constructs an independent piezoelectric touch sensing structure. This enables the touch function to operate independently with its inherent high sensitivity and fast response characteristics, allowing the display module 100 to provide a high-performance touch interaction experience while realizing display, sound, and vibration feedback, thereby improving the overall functional integration and user satisfaction.

[0062] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a second display module 100 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. The display module 100 and... Figure 3 The essential difference between the display module 100 shown is that the touch structure and touch principle are different. Other similar parts will not be described in detail below.

[0063] Specifically, the first circuit layer 31 also includes an array of third electrodes 313, which are arranged at intervals from the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, at least one second insulating unit 322 is aligned with the third electrode 313, and the material of the second insulating unit 322 is a non-piezoelectric material (e.g., silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (SiNx)).

[0064] In the first direction X, two adjacent third electrodes 313 are electrically connected via a third channel line 314. The third channel line 314 intersects with the second channel line 332 in a different layer, and the third electrode 313 and the second electrode 331 are coupled to form a mutual inductance capacitor. Alternatively, in the second direction Y, two adjacent third electrodes 313 are electrically connected via a third channel line 314. The third channel line 314 intersects with the first channel line 312 in a different layer, and the third electrode 313 and the first electrode 311 are coupled to form a mutual inductance capacitor.

[0065] The third electrode 313 can be in the same circuit layer as the first electrode 311, forming an independent electrode pattern through different wiring or patterning methods. The third electrode 313 is arranged at intervals from the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331 to ensure that the third electrode 313 maintains a certain distance or independence from the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 331 used for vibration feedback in space, and to avoid overlapping between the third electrode 313 and the first electrode 311 or the second electrode 331. This helps to avoid electrical signal interference between different functions (touch and vibration feedback), ensures the normal operation of each function, and provides an independent capacitance area for touch sensing.

[0066] The material of the second insulating unit 322 (such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride) gives it good insulation properties and dielectric constant, high dielectric constant and mechanical strength, and provides more stable capacitance characteristics. It is suitable as an intermediate dielectric element in a capacitive touch sensor, allowing the third electrode 313 to form a mutual inductance capacitance structure with the adjacent first electrode 311 or second electrode 331 at the intersection point. This enables the detection of capacitance changes when a touch occurs, achieving accurate touch detection using these capacitance changes. Compared to... Figure 3The piezoelectric touch sensor design shown in the diagram uses a third electrode 313 coupled with the first electrode 311 or the second electrode 331 to form a mutual inductance capacitor. This design reuses the first electrode 311 or the second electrode 331 as the sensing electrode of the capacitive touch sensor, thus eliminating the need for the fourth electrode 333 in the piezoelectric touch sensor. This simplifies the circuit structure of the second circuit layer 33, which helps to reduce the process complexity of the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the display module 100.

[0067] Through the above technical solution, the display module 100 provided in this application forms a capacitive touch sensor between the third electrode 313 and the first electrode 311 or the second electrode 331. When a user's finger touches the corresponding position on the cover plate 60, the intervention of the finger changes the electric field distribution of the capacitive touch sensor at that position, causing a change in capacitance value. These changes are read and processed by the control unit 40 through the third channel line 314 connecting the third electrode 313 and the multiplexed first channel line 312 or the second channel line 332, thereby accurately detecting the specific position of the touch point and realizing accurate detection of the touch point. In addition, the third channel line 314 and the multiplexed first channel line 312 or the second channel line 332 adopt a cross-layer wiring method, which ensures the reliability of touch signal transmission, avoids short circuits of channel lines, and makes full use of the space and wiring capabilities of the existing circuit layer, avoiding the need to add an additional independent channel line wiring layer. Thus, without increasing the thickness and complexity of the module, a high degree of integration of display, sound, vibration feedback and touch is achieved.

[0068] Please see Figure 4 The technical solution of this application will be described below through a specific embodiment. In one specific implementation of this application, the first circuit layer 31 of the display module 100 is located above the sound-emitting functional layer 20, the second circuit layer 33 is located above the first circuit layer 31, and the insulating layer 32 is located between the two. Both the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 33 are made of ITO film.

[0069] Specifically, in the first circuit layer 31, in addition to the array of first electrodes 311 used to drive vibration feedback, an array of third electrodes 313 can be formed in the same layer through fine photolithography and etching processes. In the first direction X, two adjacent first electrodes 311 are electrically connected through first channel lines 312 arranged in the same layer. In the second direction Y, two adjacent third electrodes 313 are bridged across the insulating isolation layer 32 through third channel lines 314 arranged in different layers. That is, the third channel line 314 is disposed in the second circuit layer 33 and is parallel to the second channel line 332, so that the third channel line 314 can intersect with the first channel line 312 in different layers, and ensures that the third channel line 314 will not intersect with the second channel line 332 in the same layer. The second circuit layer 33 is provided with an array of second electrodes 331 used to drive vibration feedback, and in the second direction Y, two adjacent second electrodes 331 are electrically connected through second channel lines 332 arranged in the same layer. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, a second insulating unit 322 made of silicon dioxide film can be aligned with the third electrode 313, so that the third electrode 313 can form a mutual inductance capacitance with the first electrode 311 adjacent to it in the same layer. When a user touches the corresponding position on the cover plate 60, the intervention of the finger will change the electric field distribution between the third electrode 313 and the first electrode 311 in that area, thereby causing a change in the mutual inductance capacitance. The control unit 40 can periodically scan the third channel line 314 and the first channel line 312, detect the capacitance changes at these intersection points, and thus determine the accurate position of the touch point.

[0070] In some other embodiments, in the first circuit layer 31, in addition to the array of first electrodes 311 used to drive vibration feedback, an array of third electrodes 313 can also be formed in the same layer through fine photolithography and etching processes. In the first direction X, two adjacent first electrodes 311 are electrically connected by first channel lines 312 arranged in the same layer. In the first direction X, two adjacent third electrodes 313 are integrally connected by third channel lines 314 arranged in the same layer. That is, the third channel line 314 is disposed in the first circuit layer 31 and parallel to the first channel line 312, so that the third channel line 314 can intersect with the second channel line 332 at different layers, and ensuring that the third channel line 314 does not intersect with the first channel line 312 in the same layer. The second circuit layer 33 is provided with an array of second electrodes 331 used to drive vibration feedback. In the second direction Y, two adjacent second electrodes 331 are electrically connected by second channel lines 332 arranged in the same layer. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, a second insulating unit 322 made of silicon nitride thin film can be aligned with the third electrode 313, so that the third electrode 313 can form a mutual inductance capacitance with the second electrode 331, which is adjacent to it in a different layer. When a user touches the corresponding position on the cover plate 60 with their finger, the intervention of the finger will change the electric field distribution between the third electrode 313 and the second electrode 331 in that area, thereby causing a change in the mutual inductance capacitance. The control unit 40 can periodically scan the third channel line 314 and the second channel line 332, detect the capacitance changes at these intersection points, and thus determine the accurate position of the touch point.

[0071] Through the above technical solution, this application successfully integrates capacitive touch functionality into a module with vibration feedback without increasing the thickness and complexity of the display module 100. This solution achieves effective separation and collaborative operation of touch and vibration feedback functions by reusing space in the existing circuit layer, introducing a third electrode 313, and combining it with a second insulating unit 322 made of non-piezoelectric material. The spacing of the electrodes and the intersecting design of the channel lines effectively avoid electrical signal interference between different functions, ensuring the independence and stability of each function. This highly integrated design not only optimizes the structure of the display module 100 and reduces manufacturing costs, but also provides users with a richer, smoother, and more integrated interactive experience.

[0072] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5This application further proposes that the sound-emitting functional layer 20 also includes a third circuit layer 22, which is disposed between the display panel 10 and the sound-emitting unit 21. The third circuit layer 22 and the circuit layer (first circuit layer 31 or second circuit layer 33) located between the sound-emitting unit 21 and the insulating isolation layer 32 are both transparent circuit layers. Specifically, in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, i.e., the third direction Z, the upper and lower transparent circuit layers also include a first sound-emitting control electrode 221 and a second sound-emitting control electrode 222 arranged opposite to each other. The channel lines of the first sound-emitting control electrode 221 and the second sound-emitting control electrode 222 intersect at different layers and are electrically connected to the first control unit 41 or the second control unit 42, respectively. At least one sound-emitting unit 21 is located between the first sound-emitting control electrode 221 and the second sound-emitting control electrode 222.

[0073] Specifically, the third circuit layer 22 is a circuit layer designed to drive the sound-generating unit 21. It works in conjunction with the corresponding first circuit layer 31 or second circuit layer 33 above it to provide an independent electrical signal path and control interface for the sound-generating unit 21 to drive it to vibrate and produce sound. The third circuit layer 22 and the corresponding first circuit layer 31 or second circuit layer 33 above it can be made of transparent conductive film layers such as ITO film to ensure the overall light transmittance of the display module 100 and maintain the clarity and brightness of the displayed image.

[0074] The first sound-generating control electrode 221 and the second sound-generating control electrode 222 are the core components for driving the sound-generating unit 21. They are arranged opposite each other to form an electric field. By applying an alternating voltage, the sound-generating unit 21 is driven to generate mechanical vibration, thereby producing sound. These electrodes can be designed in strip, grid, or dot matrix shapes to adapt to the driving requirements of different sound-generating units 21. The intersecting channel lines on different layers mean that the channel lines of the first sound-generating control electrode 221 and the second sound-generating control electrode 222 are located on different conductive layers and intersect each other in the vertical direction, but are separated by an insulating isolation layer 32 to avoid short circuits. This design can effectively realize independent wiring and control of the electrodes, while saving planar space and improving integration.

[0075] The solution of this application introduces an independent third circuit layer 22 into the sound-emitting functional layer 20 of the display module 100, and together with the first circuit layer 31 or the second circuit layer 33 located between the sound-emitting unit 21 and the insulating isolation layer 32, constructs an independent control system dedicated to driving the sound-emitting unit 21. Specifically, the third circuit layer 22 is disposed between the display panel 10 and the sound-emitting unit 21, serving as the lower electrode carrier layer of the sound-emitting driving circuit, while the circuit layer (e.g., the first circuit layer 31 or the second circuit layer 33) located between the sound-emitting unit 21 and the insulating isolation layer 32 serves as the upper electrode carrier layer of the sound-emitting driving circuit. Both circuit layers are made of transparent material, ensuring the overall light transmittance of the display module 100. On these two transparent circuit layers, a first sound-emitting control electrode 221 and a second sound-emitting control electrode 222 are respectively arranged, which are arranged opposite to each other in a direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, forming a driving electric field. At least one sound-emitting unit 21 is located between the oppositely arranged first sound-emitting control electrode 221 and second sound-emitting control electrode 222. When the drive control signal from the control unit 40 is applied to the electrodes through the channel lines of the first sound control electrode 221 and the second sound control electrode 222, the sound generating unit 21 is subjected to an electric field and generates mechanical vibration, thereby converting the electrical signal into sound waves. This independent circuit layer and electrode design makes the drive of the sound generating unit 21 independent from the drive of the touch and vibration feedback function layer 30, avoiding mutual interference between functions, and ensuring that the display, touch, vibration feedback and sound generation functions work efficiently and collaboratively in the integrated module without affecting each other.

[0076] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 This application further proposes that the display module 100 also includes a buffer unit 50, which is filled in the cavity 34, and the material of the buffer unit 50 is a flexible transparent material.

[0077] Specifically, the buffer unit 50 is a physical medium designed to occupy space within the cavity 34. The primary function of the buffer unit 50 is to alter the acoustic properties of the cavity 34 and provide structural support or protection. The buffer unit 50 can be a solid, gel-like, or liquid material. "Filling the cavity 34" means that the buffer unit 50 is spatially located inside the cavity 34, replacing the air or vacuum within it. This filling method alters the acoustic impedance and propagation characteristics of sound waves. The filling process can be achieved through techniques such as injection molding, dispensing, or lamination to ensure that the buffer unit 50 completely or substantially fills the cavity 34.

[0078] The buffer unit 50 is made of a flexible, transparent material. "Flexible" refers to the material's ability to elastically deform without breaking under stress, which helps it efficiently absorb and transmit vibrations. For example, flexible materials can include various silicone gels, soft polymers such as polyurethane, or certain elastomers. "Transparent" means that the material allows light to pass through with minimal scattering or absorption, thereby maintaining the optical performance of the display module 100. For example, transparent materials can include optically transparent resin (OCR), optically transparent adhesive (OCA), or specific types of transparent silicone.

[0079] Through the above technical solution, the display module 100 provided in this application optimizes the sound wave propagation environment by filling the cavity 34 with a buffer unit 50. Specifically, the sound-generating unit 21 generates sound waves when it is working, and these sound waves are transmitted to the cavity 34 which is aligned with the sound-generating unit 21. When the cavity 34 is filled with a flexible transparent buffer unit 50, the sound waves will propagate through the buffer unit 50. The flexibility of the buffer unit 50 allows it to effectively couple and transmit the mechanical vibration generated by the sound-generating unit 21, thereby reducing the reflection and scattering of sound waves inside the cavity 34 and reducing the attenuation of sound waves during propagation. At the same time, the transparency of the buffer unit 50 ensures that the light emitted from the display panel 10 can pass through the sound-generating functional layer 20 and the touch and vibration feedback functional layer 30 without obstruction, maintaining the visual effect of the display module 100. This design allows the sound waves generated by the sound-generating unit 21 to propagate outward more efficiently and directionally, significantly improving the sound generation effect. Furthermore, since the buffer unit 50 fills the cavity 34, it works together with the sound-generating unit 21 and the cavity 34 to form an acoustically optimized propagation path, which improves the transmission efficiency and quality of sound waves while maintaining high light transmittance.

[0080] According to a second aspect of this application, a display device is also provided, which includes the display module 100 in any of the above embodiments. A display device refers to an electronic device capable of presenting visual information and potentially possessing other interactive functions. Exemplarily, the display device may be a smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, smartwatch, in-vehicle display, or smart TV, etc., its core function being to provide a user interface and serve as a carrier for the display module 100.

[0081] The display device provided in this application integrates the aforementioned display module 100, achieving coordinated operation of display, touch, sound, and vibration feedback functions. This display device possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned display module 100, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0082] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0084] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0085] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, include: Display panel; A sound-emitting functional layer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel, and the sound-emitting functional layer includes an array of sound-emitting units; A touch and vibration feedback functional layer is disposed on the side of the sound-emitting functional layer away from the display panel. In a direction perpendicular to the display panel, the touch and vibration feedback functional layer includes a first circuit layer, a second circuit layer, and an insulating isolation layer disposed between the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer. The insulating isolation layer includes an array of insulating units, and a cavity is formed between the insulating units and the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer. The sound-emitting unit is aligned with the cavity in a direction perpendicular to the display panel.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A cover plate is disposed on the side of the touch and vibration feedback functional layer away from the sound-generating functional layer; The display panel includes a color filter layer, which includes an array of color resist blocks and a black matrix disposed between adjacent color resist blocks; The projection of the insulating unit on the cover plate at least partially overlaps with the projection of the black matrix on the cover plate; the projection of the cavity on the cover plate at least partially overlaps with the projection of the color resist block on the cover plate.

3. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The projection of the sound-emitting unit onto the cover plate at least covers the projection of the color resist block onto the cover plate, and does not exceed the projection range of the black matrix surrounding the color resist block onto the cover plate.

4. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The insulating unit includes a first insulating unit and a second insulating unit arranged at intervals, and the cavity is formed between the first insulating unit and the second insulating unit; The first insulating unit is made of an insulating piezoelectric material, and the second insulating unit is made of at least one of an insulating non-piezoelectric material and a piezoelectric material.

5. The display module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first circuit layer includes an array of first electrodes, and in a first direction, two adjacent first electrodes are electrically connected through a first channel. The second circuit layer includes an array of second electrodes, and in a second direction, adjacent second electrodes are electrically connected via a second channel line; the first direction is different from the second direction. In the direction perpendicular to the display panel, the first electrode and the second electrode are aligned and disposed, and at least one first insulating unit is located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

6. The display module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first circuit layer further includes an array of third electrodes, and in the first direction, two adjacent third electrodes are electrically connected through a third channel line; the third electrodes are arranged at intervals from the first electrodes, and the third channel line is arranged at intervals from the first channel line; The second circuit layer further includes an array of fourth electrodes, and in the second direction, two adjacent fourth electrodes are electrically connected through a fourth channel line; the fourth electrodes are arranged at intervals from the second electrodes, and the fourth channel line is arranged at intervals from the second channel line; In the direction perpendicular to the display panel, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are aligned, at least one second insulating unit is located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, and the material of the second insulating unit is a piezoelectric material.

7. The display module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first circuit layer further includes an array of third electrodes, which are spaced apart from the first electrodes; in a direction perpendicular to the display panel, at least one second insulating unit is aligned with the third electrode, and the material of the second insulating unit is a non-piezoelectric material. In the first direction, two adjacent third electrodes are electrically connected by a third channel line, the third channel line intersects the second channel line in different layers, and the third electrode and the second electrode are coupled to form a mutual inductance capacitance; Alternatively, in the second direction, two adjacent third electrodes are electrically connected by a third channel line, the third channel line intersecting the first channel line at different layers, and the third electrode and the first electrode are coupled to form a mutual inductance capacitance.

8. The display module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sound-emitting functional layer further includes a third circuit layer, which is disposed between the display panel and the sound-emitting unit; both the third circuit layer and the circuit layer located between the sound-emitting unit and the insulating isolation layer are transparent circuit layers; In the direction perpendicular to the display panel, the upper and lower transparent circuit layers further include a first sound control electrode and a second sound control electrode arranged opposite to each other, and the channel lines of the first sound control electrode and the second sound control electrode intersect in opposite layers. At least one of the sound-generating units is located between the first sound-generating control electrode and the second sound-generating control electrode.

9. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A buffer unit is filled in the cavity, and the buffer unit is made of a flexible, transparent material.

10. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display module as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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