Logistics storage environment and security intelligent monitoring system based on ZigBee

Abstract

The invention discloses a logistics storage environment and security intelligent monitoring system based on ZigBee. Comprising a plurality of monitoring terminals arranged in key areas of a warehouse, a remote control terminal used for receiving data of the monitoring terminals and giving an alarm, an upper computer monitoring system used for recording and displaying all monitoring data and remotely controlling the state of an alarm switch, and an intelligent abnormity fusion judgment module used for judging time. The monitoring terminal and the remote control terminal carry out signal transmission through a ZigBee wireless communication protocol, and the remote control terminal and the upper computer monitoring system are in communication connection through a serial port; according to the invention, a ZigBee wireless network is utilized, real-time and centralized monitoring of multi-point environmental parameters and safety states in a warehouse is realized, the problem of information isolated island is solved, and management personnel can master the whole situation at any time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of logistics and warehousing monitoring systems, and relates to a ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics and warehousing environment and security. Background Technology

[0002] In modern logistics, warehousing, and supply chain management, the safety and quality assurance of goods are paramount. Traditional warehousing management models have numerous problems:

[0003] ① Difficulty in environmental monitoring: Special goods such as cold chain transportation, precision instruments, and chemicals have strict requirements for storage environment (temperature and humidity). Existing technologies mostly use independent temperature and humidity meters or simple wired sensors, which cannot achieve large-scale, real-time, centralized data collection and remote monitoring, making it difficult to detect environmental anomalies in a timely manner.

[0004] ② Outdated security measures: Warehouse theft prevention mainly relies on manual inspections or closed-circuit television, which is not only costly in terms of manpower but also cannot provide proactive alarms around the clock and without blind spots. This poses a significant security risk, especially at night or in unattended areas.

[0005] ③ Severe information silos: Environmental data, security data, equipment status and other information are scattered across different systems or logbooks, lacking a unified data platform. Managers find it difficult to fully grasp the overall situation of the warehouse, resulting in low decision-making efficiency.

[0006] ④ Low energy consumption and management efficiency: Equipment (such as lighting and ventilation) is mostly manually or timed, and cannot be intelligently adjusted according to actual needs (such as personnel activities and environmental parameters), resulting in energy waste and management inconvenience.

[0007] Chinese invention patent CN109727441A discloses a warehouse monitoring system based on a Zigbee wireless network. The system includes a sensor module comprising: an ultrasonic sensor installed at the warehouse access door; through-beam photoelectric sensors installed in each storage area on the storage shelves, each corresponding to a specific storage area; and multiple temperature sensors distributed throughout the warehouse. The sensor module is connected to a wireless acquisition and communication board slave unit, transmitting sensor data to a host unit via the Zigbee wireless communication network. The host unit is connected to a host computer. The host computer has control software that categorizes the detection data to determine if it reaches a set threshold for each category, triggering an alarm via an audible and visual alarm device, and uploading the data to a secure network system. This system allows for real-time monitoring of warehouse storage locations, access control, and the storage environment, transmitting on-site information to the secure network system for recording via the Zigbee wireless network.

[0008] Chinese utility model patent CN203930939U discloses a ZigBee-based logistics system for logistics materials. The system comprises: a logistics monitoring host, a first scanner, and a first RFID device; source tags are affixed to the logistics materials; the source tags and the first scanner communicate via a ZigBee network; the first scanner is connected to the logistics monitoring host; and the first RFID device is connected to the logistics monitoring host. The advantages of this utility model are: 1. Long-distance information reading; built-in data; 2. Long-distance data writing; 3. The reading and writing devices are very simple, reliable, and inexpensive; 4. Flexible, convenient, and low-cost to implement.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent system that can integrate multiple sensors, achieve wireless networking, automatically alarm, and remotely monitor, in order to solve the defects existing in the above-mentioned technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics and warehousing environments and security, which effectively solves the problems in the existing technology.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security, comprising multiple monitoring terminals set in key areas of the warehouse, a remote control terminal for receiving data from the monitoring terminals and triggering alarms, a host computer monitoring system for recording and displaying all monitoring data and remotely controlling the alarm switch status, and an intelligent anomaly fusion judgment module for determining time. The monitoring terminals and the remote control terminals transmit signals via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, and the remote control terminal and the host computer monitoring system are connected via serial port communication.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring terminal includes a core controller, a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke concentration sensor, a human infrared sensor, and a light sensor. The temperature and humidity sensor, the smoke concentration sensor, the human infrared sensor, and the light sensor are all connected to the core controller via standard connectors.

[0013] Furthermore, the monitoring terminal is equipped with a magnetic base and a snap-fit ​​structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the remote control terminal includes a ZigBee coordinator, an OLED display, a buzzer, indicator lights, and buttons. The ZigBee coordinator receives monitoring data from the monitoring terminal via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol and transmits it to the host computer monitoring system via a serial port. The OLED display, buzzer, indicator lights, and buttons are all electrically connected to the ZigBee coordinator.

[0015] Furthermore, the host computer monitoring system includes a computer, which runs processing software for processing monitoring data. The processing software can remotely control the alarm thresholds of each monitoring terminal and remotely control the alarm switch status of the buzzer.

[0016] Furthermore, the intelligent anomaly fusion judgment module includes fire risk judgment logic, illegal intrusion judgment logic, and environmental failure early warning.

[0017] Furthermore, the fire risk assessment logic is as follows:

[0018] A fire risk is identified and a Level 1 alarm is triggered when any of the following combinations of conditions are met simultaneously:

[0019] (a) Smoke concentration > threshold and temperature rise rate > 2℃ / min;

[0020] (b) Smoke concentration > threshold and light intensity suddenly drops (simulating power outage / blockage) and no human activity.

[0021] Furthermore, the illegal intrusion determination logic is as follows: during non-working hours, if the human infrared sensor detects activity and the light sensor detects a sudden increase in local illumination, it is determined to be an illegal intrusion, triggering a security alarm.

[0022] Furthermore, the environmental failure warning is as follows: in the cold chain area, if the temperature exceeds the set upper limit for 5 consecutive minutes and the humidity rises in the same step, it is determined to be an environmental failure and a security alarm is triggered.

[0023] Furthermore, the fire risk assessment logic, illegal intrusion assessment logic, and environmental failure early warning are all executed locally by the monitoring terminal.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] This invention utilizes the ZigBee wireless network to achieve real-time, centralized monitoring of environmental parameters and safety status at multiple points within the warehouse, solving the problem of information silos and enabling managers to grasp the overall situation at any time.

[0026] The system of this invention has automatic judgment and alarm functions. Once the environment is abnormal or an illegal intrusion occurs, it can immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm on site and notify the management personnel through the host computer, which greatly shortens the response time and effectively prevents risks.

[0027] The ZigBee technology of this invention features low power consumption and self-organizing networking characteristics. The monitoring terminal can be powered by a battery, and the installation is flexible and does not require complicated wiring. It is particularly suitable for large and decentralized warehouse environments.

[0028] The system of this invention can lay the foundation for subsequent expansion of intelligent linkage (such as automatically turning on exhaust fans and turning off lights), which helps to realize the automation and energy saving of warehouse management and improve the level of refinement and intelligence of supply chain management. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall system design of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the development board for the core controller of this invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the temperature and humidity sensor of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the smoke concentration sensor of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the human infrared sensor of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the light sensor acquisition circuit of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is the key circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is the circuit diagram for the abnormality alert of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the serial communication port of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the ZigBee terminal of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the temperature and humidity acquisition program of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the light acquisition process of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the smoke concentration acquisition subroutine of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the ZigBee coordinator of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of the button subroutine of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 16 The subroutine flowchart is shown for this invention;

[0045] Figure 17 This is a flowchart of the fire determination process of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the illegal intrusion determination process of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 19 This is a flowchart of the cold chain fault determination process of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of the communication subroutine of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 21 This is a flowchart of the host computer program execution of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] A ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security includes multiple monitoring terminals installed in key areas of the warehouse, a remote control terminal for receiving data from the monitoring terminals and triggering alarms, a host computer monitoring system for recording and displaying all monitoring data and remotely controlling the alarm switch status, and an intelligent anomaly fusion judgment module for determining time. The monitoring terminals and remote control terminals transmit signals via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, and the remote control terminal and the host computer monitoring system are connected via serial port communication.

[0053] In this embodiment, the monitoring terminal includes a core controller, a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke concentration sensor, a human infrared sensor, and a light sensor. The temperature and humidity sensor, the smoke concentration sensor, the human infrared sensor, and the light sensor are all connected to the core controller via standard connectors.

[0054] In this embodiment, the monitoring terminal is equipped with a magnetic base and a snap-fit ​​structure.

[0055] In this embodiment, the remote control terminal includes a ZigBee coordinator, an OLED display screen, a buzzer, indicator lights, and buttons. The ZigBee coordinator receives monitoring data from the monitoring terminal via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol and transmits it to the host computer monitoring system via a serial port. The OLED display screen, buzzer, indicator lights, and buttons are all electrically connected to the ZigBee coordinator.

[0056] In this embodiment, the host computer monitoring system includes a computer, which runs processing software for processing monitoring data. The processing software can remotely control the alarm thresholds of each monitoring terminal and remotely control the alarm switch status of the buzzer.

[0057] In this embodiment, the intelligent anomaly fusion judgment module includes fire risk judgment logic, illegal intrusion judgment logic, and environmental failure early warning.

[0058] The fire risk assessment logic is as follows:

[0059] A fire risk is identified and a Level 1 alarm is triggered when any of the following combinations of conditions are met simultaneously:

[0060] (a) Smoke concentration > threshold and temperature rise rate > 2℃ / min;

[0061] (b) Smoke concentration > threshold and light intensity suddenly drops (simulating power outage / blockage) and no human activity.

[0062] The illegal intrusion determination logic is as follows: during non-working hours, if the human infrared sensor detects activity and the light sensor detects a sudden increase in local light, it is determined to be an illegal intrusion, triggering a security alarm.

[0063] The environmental failure warning is as follows: In the cold chain area, if the temperature exceeds the set upper limit for 5 consecutive minutes and the humidity rises in the same step, it is determined to be an environmental failure and a security alarm is triggered.

[0064] The fire risk assessment logic, illegal intrusion judgment logic, and environmental failure early warning are all executed locally by the monitoring terminal.

[0065] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows:

[0066] 1. Each monitoring terminal periodically wakes up (default 1 second) to collect temperature and humidity, smoke concentration, light intensity and human infrared status;

[0067] 2. The terminal performs preliminary local judgment based on preset rules (such as the above-mentioned intrusion, fire, and cooling failure logic). Only when it is determined to be a valid event will it send an alarm command to the coordinator through the ZigBee network; routine status data is summarized and reported at low frequency.

[0068] 3. After receiving data, the ZigBee coordinator drives the OLED screen to display the status of each monitoring point in real time; if an alarm command is received, it immediately activates the buzzer and indicator light, and uploads the event type and timestamp to the host computer via serial port;

[0069] 4. In addition to displaying data, the host computer software also supports remote configuration of discrimination parameters (such as "non-working hours", "temperature rise rate threshold" and "cold chain zone identifier"), and sends the configuration to the designated terminal through the coordinator to realize dynamic policy updates;

[0070] 5. When there are no events or communication commands, all terminals automatically enter a low-power sleep mode, only waking up periodically to sample, thus extending battery life.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the core controller uses the CC2530 chip, the temperature and humidity sensor uses the DHT11 to collect ambient temperature and humidity data, the smoke concentration sensor uses the MQ-2 to detect fire hazards, the human infrared sensor uses the HC-SR501 to detect human activity, and the fiber optic sensor uses the GL5516 to monitor light intensity.

[0072] In the circuit connection of the above embodiments,

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the core controller (CC2530) has the following pins connected: P0.0 to the gas sensor, P0.5 to the temperature and humidity sensor, P0.6 to the light sensor, P1.0 to the LED driver circuit, P0.2 and P0.3 to the UART serial port's receive and transmit ports respectively, P2.0 to the human infrared sensor, P2.1 to the CCdebug download port, P0.1, P0.4, and P1.7 to the button circuit, P1.3, P1.4, P1.5, and P1.6 to the OLED12864's DC, RST, SDA, and SCK pins respectively, P1.1 to the fan driver circuit, P2.1 to the buzzer driver circuit, and P1.2 to the LED indicator.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the core controller (CC2530) development board is assigned the p0.5 pin, the temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11) is assigned the DATA pin to establish the hardware connection of the temperature and humidity acquisition circuit, the GND pin is grounded, and the 3.3V power supply is connected to the VCC pin of the temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11).

[0075] When the data acquisition circuit is working, the core controller (CC2530) outputs the start signal required for the humidity sensor (DHT11) to work through the P0.5 pin. At this time, the humidity sensor (DHT11) starts working, collects the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment, and outputs the detection results through the DATA pin. The core controller (CC2530) can determine the indoor temperature and humidity values ​​by acquiring and processing the input signal of the P0.5 pin.

[0076] like Figure 4As shown, the core controller (CC2530) development board is assigned the p0.0 pin, and the smoke concentration sensor (MQ-2) is assigned the AO (analog output pin), establishing the hardware connection of the smoke concentration sensor acquisition circuit;

[0077] The core controller (CC2530) development board connects to the AO analog output pin of the smoke concentration sensor (MQ-2) via pin P0.0 to acquire continuous smoke concentration signals. The core controller (CC2530) reads the analog voltage value (0-5V corresponding to concentration change) of pin P0.0 through its ADC (analog-to-digital converter) function and converts it into an actual ppm concentration value using a calibration formula. This design allows the system to simultaneously achieve both accurate concentration monitoring and rapid alarm for exceeding limits.

[0078] Actual voltage = (ADC value / 4096) × Reference voltage (e.g., 3.3V)

[0079] Smoke concentration (ppm) = k × (actual voltage - zero-point voltage) where k is the calibration coefficient;

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the core controller (CC2530) development board is assigned pin p2.0, and the human infrared sensor (HC-SR501) is assigned the OUT output pin, establishing the hardware connection of the human infrared sensor acquisition circuit.

[0081] The HC-SR501 infrared human body sensor outputs a digital signal via its OUT pin and connects to the core controller (CC2530) development board (P2.0 pin) to achieve human body detection. The sensor operates on the pyroelectric effect principle; when human movement is detected, the OUT pin outputs a high level (5V), and returns to a low level (0V) when there is no activity. The core controller (CC2530) determines the presence of a human body by reading the status of the P2.0 pin and triggers an alarm buzzer in alert mode. The sensor supports a detection distance of 3-7 meters and a detection angle of 120°. This solution features low power consumption (standby <60μA) and fast response, making it suitable for IoT scenarios such as theft prevention and monitoring of personnel movement.

[0082] like Figure 6 As shown, the core controller (CC2530) development board is assigned pin p0.6, and the light sensor (GL5516) is assigned pin 2, establishing the hardware connection of the light sensor acquisition circuit;

[0083] The light sensor (GL5516) uses a photoresistor as its core component. Its resistance changes with the ambient light intensity. The connection is as follows: pin 2 is grounded, pin 1 is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and a 10kΩ resistor (RL1) is connected to pin P0.6 of the core controller (CC2530) to form a voltage divider circuit. When the light intensity increases, the photoresistor's resistance decreases, and the voltage detected by pin P0.6 increases; conversely, when the light intensity decreases, the resistance increases, and the voltage decreases. The core controller (CC2530) acquires the analog voltage value (0-4095 digital values ​​corresponding to 0-3.3V) of pin P0.6 through its built-in ADC (analog-to-digital converter), which, after calibration, can be converted into a specific light intensity value (in Lux). This sensor is suitable for 3.3V systems, has a response time of 20-30ms, and a detection spectral range of 400-800nm ​​(peak 550nm), and is commonly used in smart lighting, etc.

[0084] like Figure 7 As shown, the core controller (CC2530) development board assigns pins p1.7, p0.4, and p0.1 to the push-button switches S1, S2, and S3 respectively. Among the three buttons, button S1 is used to select the setting parameter, button S2 is used to increase the setting value, and button S3 is used to decrease the setting value. Buttons S2 and S3 can be used to set the alarm status of the system.

[0085] When the button circuit is working, if the P0.1 pin of the core controller (CC2530) core board detects a 0V signal, it indicates that the setting button has been pressed. Different parameters can be selected based on the number of presses. If the P0.4 pin of the core controller (CC2530) core board detects a 0V signal, it indicates that the user needs to increase the currently set parameter by one unit. If the P1.7 pin of the core controller (CC2530) core board detects a 0V signal, it indicates that the user needs to decrease the currently set parameter by one unit. Pressing the S2 or S3 button outside the setting page can change the human body detection alarm status.

[0086] like Figure 8 As shown, in the abnormality alert circuit, the core controller (CC2530) core board assigns pin P2.1 to establish a control relationship with the buzzer and indicator light. The buzzer is used to output audible alert information, and the LED is used to output visual indicator information. The transistor and pin P2.1 are used to control the working status of the buzzer and indicator light.

[0087] When the reminder circuit is working, if it needs to output temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, or human infrared sensor abnormality alerts, simply output a 5V signal at pin P2.1. The collector (C) and emitter (E) of transistor Q3 can be directly connected. At this time, the negative terminals of the LS1 buzzer and LED indicator are directly connected to ground, and the positive terminal has a 5V power input. The reminder circuit will automatically output audible and visual alerts. To disable abnormality alerts, simply output a 0V signal at pin P2.1. The collector (C) and emitter (E) of transistor Q3 will be disconnected. At this time, the power supply to the LS1 buzzer and LED indicator will not meet the operating requirements, and the reminder circuit will no longer output audible and visual alerts.

[0088] like Figure 9 As shown, in the serial communication circuit, the core controller (CC2530) development board assigns pins p0.2 and p0.3 to the RX and TX pins of the UART serial port respectively to establish the hardware connection of the communication circuit. The 5V power supply is connected to the VCC pin of the UART module, and the GND pin is grounded.

[0089] When the serial port circuit is working, the lower-level computer can send data to the upper-level computer via the TX pin of the UART serial port by operating the P0.2 pin. The upper-level computer can then send data to the UART's RX pin via the TX pin through the computer's USB port. This process enables data sharing between the upper-level and lower-level computers.

[0090] When the above embodiments are in operation,

[0091] like Figure 10 As shown, the main program of the monitoring terminal is a ZigBee terminal, which is mainly responsible for the collection and preliminary processing of environmental data. These devices adopt a low-power design and connect to sensor modules such as temperature and humidity, light, smoke concentration, and human infrared through various sensor interfaces. They wake up periodically according to a preset sampling cycle, and after completing the data collection, they send the data packets to the network through the wireless channel. The monitoring terminal adopts an adaptive sleep strategy: in the absence of alarms and in the state of receiving wireless commands, it enters a low-power mode (current <1μA) after each data collection.

[0092] After powering on, the ZigBee terminal device executes a hardware initialization process, configuring the sensor interface, wireless module, and alarm output port. Once in the main loop, the device checks the wireless channel every second to determine if it has received a buzzer control command from the coordinator, and immediately turns the buzzer on or off according to the command. It then initiates the sensor data acquisition process, encapsulating the acquired temperature, humidity, and other measurement data into data packets and sending them to the coordinator. After each data transmission, the timer is reset to ensure the accuracy of the 1-second cycle, and the device enters a low-power state to conserve energy until it is woken up by the timer for the next working cycle. The entire process employs an exception handling mechanism, automatically attempting recovery and recording error states in the event of communication interruption or sensor malfunction. Furthermore, the terminal attempts to retransmit after each communication failure; if two consecutive failures occur, a communication failure flag is recorded and reported upon the next successful connection. To reduce power consumption, the terminal immediately enters PM2 sleep mode after completing data transmission, only being woken up by an internal timer, with a typical operating current of <1μA.

[0093] The following formula can be used to determine whether communication has failed:

[0094] FC=0, if ACK received within T ack (normal communication)

[0095] Otherwise FC+1

[0096] FC: Continuous communication failure counter, initially set to 0;

[0097] ACK: Timeout threshold for waiting for a coordinator's response, default is 200ms;

[0098] When FC>=2, it is considered a communication failure.

[0099] like Figure 11 As shown, the temperature and humidity acquisition program establishes a control relationship with the DHT11 sensor by controlling the output signal of the P0.5 pin, and calculates the ambient temperature and humidity values ​​based on the data returned by the sensor.

[0100] When the temperature and humidity acquisition function is activated, the I / O port connected to the sensor is first configured as an output port, triggering the sensor to begin data acquisition by outputting a high-level pulse signal. The I / O port is then immediately switched to input mode, awaiting a response signal from the sensor. If a low-level response signal is successfully detected within a set time, the system begins continuously reading the 40-bit data output by the sensor (including humidity, temperature, and a checksum). If no valid response signal is received, the acquisition process is immediately terminated, and a read error flag is returned. During data reading, the system performs rigorous verification calculations on the received 40-bit data. When the verification result matches the checksum in the data packet, the data is deemed valid, and the final temperature and humidity measurement result is returned. If the verification fails, the current data packet is discarded, and a read error flag is returned, ensuring that the system only processes accurate and reliable sensor data. The entire acquisition process employs a timeout management mechanism; any abnormal delay at any stage will automatically interrupt and report an error, ensuring the system's real-time performance and reliability.

[0101] like Figure 12 As shown, after the light acquisition module completes initialization, it first checks whether wireless data has been received. If no wireless commands are received, the system enters automatic operation mode: periodically collecting the current ambient light intensity value and the human infrared sensor status, and packaging the data to report to the coordinator; simultaneously, it automatically controls the lights according to a preset intelligent strategy—immediately turning off the lights when no one is detected, and automatically turning on the lights when both conditions of "someone is present" and "ambient light is below the threshold" are met. If wireless data is received, it first determines whether the data source is the coordinator; if it is not coordinator data, it continues to operate in automatic mode; if it is confirmed to be a coordinator command, it further parses the command type: when a mode switching command is received, the system immediately switches from automatic mode to manual control mode; when a light on / off command is received, it directly executes the corresponding light-on or light-off operation and feeds back the execution status to the coordinator. The entire process adopts a state machine design to ensure the atomicity of mode switching and command execution, while a built-in signal debouncing mechanism prevents false triggering. All operations are logged and synchronized to the coordinator via a wireless channel, realizing intelligent remote management and control of the lighting system.

[0102] The formula for converting light intensity is:

[0103]

[0104] L: Ambient light intensity, measured in Lux;

[0105] a, b: Photoresistor calibration parameters, obtained by fitting the photoelectric characteristic curve of GL5516 (e.g., a=1000, ), stored in program constants;

[0106] V refPower supply voltage, typically 3.3V;

[0107] V in The voltage divider voltage acquired by pin 0.6 of the CC2530P is in volts (V). The calculation formula is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] ADC value : This is a 12-bit digital value read from the CC2530 ADC register;

[0110] V ref : This is the ADC reference voltage;

[0111] like Figure 13 As shown, the smoke concentration acquisition subroutine establishes a control relationship with the smoke concentration sensor (MQ-2) by controlling the input signal of the P0.0 pin, and calculates the indoor smoke concentration value based on the analog voltage output by the sensor.

[0112] The P0.0 pin of the core controller (CC2530) is configured as an analog voltage measurement pin, and the register storing the conversion result is cleared. Next, the quantized data returned by the ADC channel is read. Finally, the indoor smoke concentration value is calculated based on the quantized data and the sensor's monitoring range.

[0113] The formula for calculating smoke concentration is as follows:

[0114]

[0115] Vout=ADC value / 4096*V ref

[0116] in:

[0117] C: Smoke concentration, in ppm, represents the volume percentage of combustible gas or smoke particles in the air;

[0118] k: Sensor calibration coefficient, determined by the sensitivity curve of MQ-2 under standard gas environment, in ppm / V;

[0119] V out The MQ-2 sensor simulates the output voltage in volts (V), which is read and converted by the CC2530's ADC module.

[0120] ADC value : This is a 12-bit digital value read from the CC2530 ADC register;

[0121] V ref : This is the ADC reference voltage;

[0122] V0: Sensor zero-point voltage, i.e., the output voltage of MQ-2 in a clean air environment, in V;

[0123] After the infrared motion detection system is activated, it first completes the initial configuration of the sensors and wireless communication modules. The system provides physical buttons (S2) and a host computer button for switching between anti-theft states. Users can switch between "alarm on" and "alarm off" modes by short-pressing the button or directly via the host computer. When the system is in "alarm on" mode, the infrared motion sensor continuously monitors the surrounding environment. Once a human movement signal is detected, a response mechanism is immediately triggered: first, the local audible and visual alarm (buzzer) sounds an alarm, and simultaneously, a real-time alarm message is sent to the coordinator via the ZigBee wireless network. Upon receiving the message, the coordinator will simultaneously push the alarm to the user's mobile app. If no continuous human activity is detected within a set time, the system will automatically de-alarm and enter standby mode. When the system is in "alarm off" mode, the infrared motion sensor remains in sleep mode to save energy. Even if human activity is detected, no alarm action will be triggered; only an event log will be recorded for later retrieval.

[0124] like Figure 14 As shown, the main program of the remote control terminal is the ZigBee coordinator. As the control core of the entire network, the ZigBee coordinator is responsible for initial network establishment, device onboarding management, and data aggregation and forwarding. This device adopts a continuous power supply design, maintaining communication with terminal nodes through an RF module and simultaneously interfacing with the host computer system via a serial port. After powering on, the coordinator first initializes network parameters, selects a communication channel, and then enters a listening state to wait for terminal devices to join. During operation, the coordinator receives sensor data packets from terminal nodes in real time, performs data verification and protocol conversion, and then uploads them to the cloud server or local monitoring host via a wired interface. Simultaneously, it receives control commands from the host computer (such as threshold modification and alarm enabling), parses the commands, and sends them to the designated terminal nodes.

[0125] After startup, the ZigBee coordinator first completes hardware initialization, including RF module configuration, peripheral interface settings, and system clock calibration. During operation, it continuously monitors the wireless channel, receiving data in two categories: control commands from the host computer and sensor data from the terminal nodes. When a command is received from the host computer, the command content is parsed and the corresponding threshold parameters are updated. When data is received from the terminal nodes, sensor values ​​are first extracted and it is determined whether they exceed the set threshold. If they do, a buzzer is immediately activated to sound an alarm, and an alarm command is sent to the relevant terminal nodes; otherwise, normal operation is maintained. All received node data is processed to generate display content, which is then sent to the host computer monitoring system via serial port or network interface.

[0126] like Figure 15As shown, the button subroutine establishes a control relationship with the button hardware by reading pins P0.1, P0.4, and P1.7, and responds to user commands based on the results returned by each pin.

[0127] When the key subroutine is executed, it first checks if the setting key is pressed. If the setting key is pressed, it sets the "setting" flag and calls the setting program. Next, when the plus key is pressed, it changes the human body detection alarm state once (human body alarm is on, turn it off; human body alarm is off, turn it on). Finally, when the minus key is pressed, it changes the human body detection alarm state once again (human body alarm is on, turn it off; human body alarm is off, turn it on).

[0128] like Figure 16 As shown, the display subroutine establishes a control relationship with the OLED screen by operating pins P1.3, P1.4, P1.5, and P1.6, and displays the system's monitoring parameters, thresholds, and alarm switch status.

[0129] When the OLED screen driver starts execution, it first initializes the SPI bus interface, configuring parameters such as clock polarity, phase, and transmission rate, and then pulls the chip select signal high to enable the display module. The program then sets the starting coordinates for display and sequentially sends page address and column address commands via the SPI bus. After the coordinates are set, the system enters the data transmission phase: it reads the corresponding display data from the character library and continuously writes it to the display memory in bytes via the SPI data line, while simultaneously monitoring the amount of data transmitted and comparing it with the preset data length. If all data has been transmitted, the chip select signal is pulled low to end the transmission and a display success status is returned; if not, the SPI enable state is maintained, and the remaining data continues to be transmitted until all data is transmitted.

[0130] like Figure 17 As shown in Figures 18 and 19, after the system starts up, it continuously listens for event messages from the monitoring terminal. Only when a data packet marked as a valid abnormal event is received (such as a fire alarm, an unauthorized intrusion alarm, etc., which has been verified by the monitoring terminal through multi-sensor fusion logic) will the buzzer alarm be triggered and the red indicator light be illuminated; for parameters exceeding the limit in normal status data (such as a slightly higher temperature but not meeting the temperature rise rate condition), only the display content is updated, and the audible and visual alarms are not activated.

[0131] like Figure 20As shown, the communication subroutine establishes communication with the host computer via the UART serial port, enabling real-time data exchange between the host and slave computers. When the communication subroutine executes, it first determines whether parameter threshold update data has been received; if so, it updates the threshold values ​​for each parameter. Next, it determines whether a human detection alarm switching command has been received; if so, it updates the alarm status of the human detection sensor. Finally, it forwards the data reported by the monitoring terminal to the host computer via the serial port. After data reporting is complete, the software returns to the main program to continue execution.

[0132] like Figure 21 As shown, to intuitively display the monitoring results of indoor temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, and human infrared sensor readings, and to remotely control the system's alarm status, this design uses C language to complete the upper-level computer software. The upper-level computer mainly implements three functions: first, a display function, showing the monitoring results of each parameter and the alarm range threshold; second, a setting function, receiving commands from the keyboard to switch parameter alarm thresholds and human sensor alarm status; and third, data exchange with the remote control device, enabling real-time information sharing between the upper-level and lower-level computers. Furthermore, when the upper-level computer receives a high-priority alarm (such as fire or unauthorized intrusion), it can automatically pop up an alarm window and record the event time for easy post-event tracing.

[0133] When the host computer program executes, it first initializes the form, serial port, and buttons. Next, it checks if monitoring data has been received via the serial port; if so, it updates the display results of each parameter. Then, it checks for button events; if so, it updates the display of the human detection alarm status. Third, it checks for threshold setting commands; if so, it updates the thresholds for each monitoring parameter. Finally, it forwards the updated parameter thresholds and alarm status to the slave computer via the serial port. After execution, the software returns to the beginning of the program and re-executes the above operations.

[0134] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security, characterized in that: It includes multiple monitoring terminals set up in key areas of the warehouse, a remote control terminal for receiving data from the monitoring terminals and triggering alarms, a host computer monitoring system for recording and displaying all monitoring data and remotely controlling the status of alarm switches, and an intelligent anomaly fusion judgment module for determining time. The monitoring terminals and the remote control terminals transmit signals via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, and the remote control terminal and the host computer monitoring system are connected via serial port communication.

2. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring terminal includes a core controller, a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke concentration sensor, a human infrared sensor, and a light sensor. The temperature and humidity sensor, the smoke concentration sensor, the human infrared sensor, and the light sensor are all connected to the core controller via standard connectors.

3. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring terminal is equipped with a magnetic base and a snap-fit ​​structure.

4. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The remote control terminal includes a ZigBee coordinator, an OLED display, a buzzer, indicator lights, and buttons. The ZigBee coordinator receives monitoring data from the monitoring terminal via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol and transmits it to the host computer monitoring system via a serial port. The OLED display, buzzer, indicator lights, and buttons are all electrically connected to the ZigBee coordinator.

5. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The host computer monitoring system includes a computer, which runs processing software for processing monitoring data. The processing software can remotely control the alarm thresholds of each monitoring terminal and remotely control the alarm switch status of the buzzer.

6. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent anomaly fusion judgment module includes fire risk judgment logic, illegal intrusion judgment logic, and environmental failure early warning.

7. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The fire risk assessment logic is as follows: A fire risk is identified and a Level 1 alarm is triggered when any of the following combinations of conditions are met simultaneously: (a) Smoke concentration > threshold and temperature rise rate > 2℃ / min; (b) Smoke concentration > threshold and light intensity suddenly drops (simulating power outage / blockage) and no human activity.

8. The ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The illegal intrusion determination logic is as follows: during non-working hours, if the human infrared sensor detects activity and the light sensor detects a sudden increase in local light, it is determined to be an illegal intrusion, triggering a security alarm.

9. A ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security according to claim 6, characterized in that: The environmental failure warning is as follows: In the cold chain area, if the temperature exceeds the set upper limit for 5 consecutive minutes and the humidity rises in the same step, it is determined to be an environmental failure and a security alarm is triggered.

10. A ZigBee-based intelligent monitoring system for logistics warehousing environment and security according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fire risk assessment logic, illegal intrusion judgment logic, and environmental failure early warning are all executed locally by the monitoring terminal.

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