Infant autism rapid interaction screening test method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of autism screening, and discloses a rapid interactive screening test method for infant autism, which is suitable for Chinese environment infants of 18-36 months old. The method comprises the following steps: determining an adaptive test object, preparing a test, executing an interactive test and scoring according to a sequence that the first three items are fixed and the other items are flexible, adding scores of the nine items, and judging the risk according to the total score. The method can be completed within 5-10 minutes and is adaptive to Chinese culture, equipment is simple, operation is standardized, and the problems that an existing tool is poor in adaptation and low in efficiency are solved; the method is high in accuracy, is suitable for multiple scenes such as communities, can quickly recognize autism risks, and provides support for early intervention of child autism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of autism screening technology, specifically relating to a rapid interactive screening test method for autism in young children. Background Technology

[0002] Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Its onset severely impacts patients' social functioning, daily living abilities, and the quality of family life. In recent years, the global incidence of ASD has been increasing annually. Clinical practice has shown that early screening and intervention for children with ASD can significantly improve prognosis and reduce the negative impact of the disease on subsequent development. Therefore, efficient and accurate early screening methods are of great significance for the prevention and control of ASD.

[0003] Currently, various ASD screening tools have emerged internationally, such as the Modified Infant Autism Screening Scale (M-CHAT) for children aged 18-30 months, the 2-Year-Old Autism Screening Scale (STAT) for children aged 24-36 months, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for children aged 2 years and older. These tools are used in ASD screening in some countries and regions, but when introduced to the Chinese market and used for children growing up in a Chinese-speaking environment, they have significant limitations. First, there is insufficient language and cultural adaptability. Existing screening tools are mostly designed based on the English language and Western cultural background. When directly translated into Chinese, some expressions are difficult to understand, and the test content does not match the daily cognitive scenarios of Chinese children (such as involving objects and social behaviors unique to Western culture). As a result, the test results cannot accurately reflect the true developmental status of Chinese children, affecting the accuracy of screening.

[0004] Secondly, the testing efficiency and convenience are relatively low. Some tools (such as STAT and CARS) have complex testing procedures, requiring more than 20 minutes for a single test, and demanding a high level of professional expertise from operators. They require systematic training to master the operating procedures, making it difficult to popularize them in non-professional medical settings such as community health service centers and primary care pediatric departments. At the same time, some tools (such as M-CHAT) rely on parents to fill out questionnaires and cannot capture children's dynamic behavioral performance through interactive observation, further limiting their application scenarios.

[0005] Third, the accuracy and sensitivity of screening are limited. Existing tools have high false positive and false negative rates. For example, M-CHAT relies solely on subjective feedback from parents, making it susceptible to cognitive biases regarding children's behavior. Furthermore, most tools lack dynamic monitoring designs, making it impossible to continuously track children's developmental changes and comprehensively assess their neurodevelopmental trends, which may lead to missed or incorrect screenings.

[0006] Furthermore, while screening scales for early warning signs of psychological and behavioral developmental problems in Chinese children aged 0-6 years cover a wide age range, they lack specificity for ASD, only providing a preliminary assessment of developmental deviations and failing to accurately identify ASD risk, thus falling short of meeting the clinical need for early and accurate ASD screening. In summary, current technologies lack a rapid, efficient, convenient, and accurate ASD screening method for young children that is adapted to the Chinese language and cultural context, necessitating the development of ASD screening technologies tailored to the developmental characteristics of Chinese children. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a rapid interactive screening test method for autism in young children.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: The rapid interactive screening test for autism in young children includes the following steps: (1) Determine the test subjects: Select children aged 18-36 months who have grown up in a Chinese language environment and who do not have severe visual, hearing or motor function impairments; (2) Test preparation: After the children have adapted to the test environment, use a red odorless washable marker to mark a round red dot on the children's forehead; prepare the equipment required for 9 semi-structured game-style test items, namely, covering the mobile phone, telephone teasing, blocking the line of sight, magic ball, color constancy, preferred object VS face, rapid joint attention response, response to the caregiver's emotions, and mirror self-recognition; (3) Test execution: The first three test items are executed in the order of blocking the mobile phone, using the phone to entice, and blocking the view. The order of the remaining test items is adjusted according to the child's state, and the red dot marking is executed before the mirror self-recognition. For each test item, the child's specified reaction is observed and scored according to the preset standard. (4) Result determination: The scores of the 9 test items are added together to obtain the total score (0~30). If the total score is ≥16 points, it indicates that the child has a risk of autism spectrum disorder and needs to be further comprehensively evaluated by a professional clinician; if the total score is <16 points, it indicates that the child is likely not related to autism spectrum disorder.

[0009] Preferably, in step (3), the method for executing and scoring the blocking of the mobile phone is as follows: The equipment used is a small toy mobile phone without sharp edges or corners; Operating procedure: Let the child explore the toy phone for 3-5 seconds. After the child holds the phone, the tester quickly covers the phone and the child's hand with their palm while timing the process. The maximum waiting time is 10 seconds. Observe the child's reaction when looking at the tester's eyes. Repeat this operation 3 times and take the best reaction from the 3 times as the score. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking at the tester's eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0-5 seconds for delaying looking at the tester's eyes, 1 point for 6-10 seconds, 2 points for >10 seconds; 1 point for giving up exploring the phone, 0 points for not giving up; the score range for this item is 0-4 points.

[0010] Preferably, in step (3), the execution and scoring method of the telephone teasing is as follows: The equipment used is a small toy mobile phone without sharp edges or corners; Operating procedure: The tester holds the toy phone and shows it to the child. When the child reaches for the phone, the tester moves the phone, first bringing it close to the child and then quickly pulling it back. This teasing operation is repeated 3 times, and the child's eye contact is observed. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking into the test subject's eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0 points for looking into the parents' eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0 points for looking into both the test subject's and parents' eyes, 1 point for not looking; the score range for this item is 0-3 points.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), the method for executing and scoring the obstruction of vision is as follows: The equipment used included small toy phones without sharp edges and opaque photos printed with baby faces; Procedure: Have the child hold and play with the toy phone for 3-5 seconds. The tester moves behind the child and uses the photo to block the child's eyes from the phone, with a blocking distance of 3-5 inches. The timer is started simultaneously, with a maximum waiting time of 10 seconds. Observe the child's reaction when looking back at the tester's eyes. This procedure is only performed once. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking into the tester's eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0-5 seconds for delaying looking into the tester's eyes, 1 point for 6-10 seconds, 2 points for >10 seconds; the score range for this item is 0-3 points.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the execution and scoring method of the magic ball is as follows: The equipment used includes a magic ball with a diameter of 3-5cm and a transparent vase; Operating procedure: The tester shows the transparent vase and the magic ball inside to the child. After the child has seen it clearly, the vase is quickly moved so that the magic ball disappears from the child's sight. This operation is repeated 3 times, and the child's surprised reaction, ball-finding behavior and eye contact are observed. Scoring criteria: 0 points for showing surprise, 1 point for not showing surprise; 0 points for actively searching for the missing magic ball, 1 point for not searching; 0 points for making eye contact with parents or the test subject, 1 point for not making eye contact; the score range for this item is 0-3 points.

[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the method for performing and scoring the color constancy is as follows: The equipment allows for quick switching between three or more contrasting colors on a soft, color-changing scarf. Operating procedure: The tester holds the color-changing scarf 30cm in front of the child, holds it for 2 seconds to allow the child to observe the initial color, and then quickly changes the color of the scarf; repeat this operation 3 times and observe the child's surprised reaction and attention-grabbing behavior; Scoring criteria: 0 points for showing surprise, 1 point for not showing surprise; 0 points for immediately making eye contact with parents, 1 point for not making eye contact; 0 points for immediately making eye contact with the test subject, 1 point for not making eye contact; 0 points for making eye contact with both parents and the test subject simultaneously, 1 point for not making eye contact; the score range for this item is 0-4 points.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the execution and scoring method of the preferred object VS face is as follows: The equipment used two clear photos: one of an Asian baby's face and one of a train track. Procedure: The tester holds one of the aforementioned photos in each hand, with the right hand holding a photo of train tracks and the left hand holding a photo of the baby's face. The photos are held at eye level with the child, about 20cm away. The tester holds the photos for 10 seconds and observes whether the child exhibits any clear preferred behaviors such as pointing, reaching out, or patting. This procedure is performed only once. Scoring criteria: 0 points for a preference for baby face photos; 2 points for a preference for train track photos; 1 point for no interest in or clear preference for either photo; the score range for this item is 0-2 points.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the execution and scoring method of the rapid joint attention response is as follows: No additional equipment required; Procedure: The tester stands behind the child at ear level, suddenly points to the light on the ceiling, calls the child's name and says "Look!"; repeat this operation twice and observe whether the child follows the pointing finger to look at the light; Scoring criteria: 0 points for following the direction and looking at the turn signal, 1 point for not following; the score range for this item is 0-1 points.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the method for implementing and scoring the caregiver's emotional response is as follows: No additional equipment is required, but caregiver assistance is necessary. Operating procedure: It is carried out in two steps, each timed for 10 seconds: Step 1, the caregiver pretends to cry and observes the child's attempts to get close, eye contact, sadness reaction and interest expression; Step 2, after the child's emotions have calmed down, the caregiver resumes a neutral expression and calls the child's name once, and repeats the above observation. Scoring criteria: The two steps are scored separately. In each step, "seeking closeness to the caregiver, making eye contact with the caregiver, showing sadness, and showing interest in the caregiver's emotions" will each receive 0 points, and "not showing interest" will receive 1 point. The score range for each step is 0-4 points. The total score for this item is the sum of the scores for the two steps, ranging from 0-8 points.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the execution and scoring method of the mirror self-recognition is as follows: The equipment used is a mirror with a diameter of 20cm and smooth edges; Operating procedure: The tester holds the mirror in front of the child, allowing the child to clearly see their reflection. The tester observes whether the child looks at themselves in the mirror, whether they recognize the red dot on their forehead and try to wipe it off; this is performed only once. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking at yourself in the mirror, 1 point for not looking at yourself; 0 points for identifying a red dot on your forehead and trying to wipe it, 1 point for not identifying it or not wiping it; the score range for this item is 0-2 points.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The testing process of this method adopts a semi-structured game-like design, with a single test lasting only 5-10 minutes. This aligns with the physiological characteristics of short attention spans in children aged 18-36 months, effectively improving children's test cooperation and completion rate. Furthermore, the test requires no complex equipment; only simple materials such as small toy phones, color-changing scarves, and photos are needed. The operation process is standardized, and operators can master it after brief training. No professional medical background is required, making it suitable for various scenarios such as community health service centers, primary care pediatric departments, and kindergartens. This solves the problem of existing tools being "complex to operate and difficult to popularize."

[0019] 2. This method has been internationally clinically validated. Through nine targeted interactive test items, it can comprehensively capture children's performance in core ASD-related dimensions such as social awareness, shared attention, cognitive function, and emotional response. It is also equipped with detailed grading and scoring standards and report generation templates, which can accurately distinguish between normally developing children and children at risk of ASD, significantly reducing the false positive and false negative rates. Compared with the subjective questionnaire scoring of M-CHAT and the limited-dimensional test of STAT, the screening accuracy is higher, providing a reliable reference for subsequent clinical diagnosis.

[0020] 3. This method specifically optimizes existing tools to address cultural compatibility issues: the test language uses Chinese to avoid misunderstandings caused by translation; the test content incorporates Chinese cultural elements (such as using photos of Asian baby faces to align with the facial recognition habits of Chinese children); at the same time, the test items are designed in conjunction with the daily social scenarios of Chinese children to ensure that the test content matches the children's life experiences, reduce test bias caused by cultural differences, and solve the core problems of existing tools such as "cultural incompatibility and inaccurate results".

[0021] 4. This method can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in medical institutions such as hospital pediatric departments to help doctors assess the developmental status of young children. It can also be used for large-scale screening in non-medical settings such as community health service centers and early childhood education institutions. Parents can even conduct preliminary home observations under professional guidance. At the same time, qualitative behaviors such as hyperactivity and repetitive behaviors of young children are recorded during the test. Although they are not included in the total score, they can provide more comprehensive behavioral references for clinical practice, meet the ASD screening needs in different scenarios, and expand the application scope of the screening tool.

[0022] 5. This method provides a complete set of testing tools and operating instructions, clearly specifying the equipment specifications, operating procedures and scoring rules for each test item, avoiding test deviations caused by differences in operators and inconsistent equipment specifications; at the same time, the standardized design of the testing process ensures that the results are repeatable when the test is performed in different scenarios and by different operators, providing a reliable basis for comparative analysis of screening data and clinical research. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] (a) Test subjects Fifty children aged 18-36 months who grew up in a Chinese-speaking environment were selected (25 boys and 25 girls). Inclusion criteria: no severe visual / hearing / physical impairments and able to cooperate in basic interactions. Exclusion criteria: suffering from severe mental illness, acute infection or neurological disease, and not having received targeted intervention for ASD.

[0025] (II) Test Preparation 1. Test Environment Choose a child health room in a community health service center or a separate space in a hospital, meeting the following requirements: Area ≥ 5㎡, quiet and noise-free, with ample light (no strong direct sunlight); No unnecessary toys, clutter, or other distractions; Equipment (such as toys and mirrors) should be placed in a location easily accessible to the testers beforehand to avoid disturbing the children during the test.

[0026] 2. Testing equipment The red, odorless, washable marker is hypoallergenic, with a marking diameter of approximately 0.5cm, ensuring safety for skin contact. The toy phone has no sharp edges or corners and is the right size for toddlers to grasp (8-10cm in length). Magic ball + transparent vase: Magic ball diameter 3-5cm (brightly colored, such as red), vase height 15cm (transparent, easy to observe); The color-changing scarf is soft and non-irritating, and can quickly switch between more than 3 contrasting colors (such as red → blue → yellow). The baby's face / train track photo measures 15cm x 10cm. The baby has an Asian face, and the image is clear and free of glare. The mirror is 20cm in diameter, with smooth, rounded edges and no sharp corners, ensuring a distortion-free reflection. The storage bag is used to organize equipment and is portable (size 30cm×20cm×10cm). The RITA-T scoring form includes patient number, date of birth, tester, 9 scoring items, and behavioral observation record.

[0027] 3. Personnel preparation Testers: Have received RITA-T operation training, are familiar with the process, scoring criteria and emergency handling (such as soothing a crying child), and possess basic communication skills with young children; Caregiver: The child's parents / primary caregiver. Before the test, the tester will inform the caregiver of the cooperation requirements (such as pretending to cry, maintaining a neutral expression) and ensure that the caregiver understands and complies with them.

[0028] 4. Preliminary Operations After the tester meets the child and caregiver, let the child play independently and adapt to the environment (about 3-5 minutes), then quickly mark a round red dot in the center of the child's forehead with a red marker (distract the child's attention while marking to avoid resistance).

[0029] (III) Testing Process (9 items in total) The first three items are performed in the order of "covering the phone → using the phone to entice → blocking the child's view," and the remaining items can be adjusted according to the child's condition; the red dot marking is performed before "self-recognition in the mirror." The child sits on the caregiver's left throughout the process, and the caregiver matches the required facial expressions. The tester records each reaction and score.

[0030] 1. Cover the phone (3 times, best score will be recorded) Test objectives: social awareness and initiative; Procedure: ① Let the child explore the toy phone for 3-5 seconds; ② While the child is holding the phone, the tester quickly covers the phone and the child's hand with their palm, and times the time (maximum 10 seconds), observing the time the child looks at the tester; ③ Repeat 3 times. Scoring: Look at the test subject's eyes (0 points) / Don't look (1 point); Delay looking at the eyes (0-5 seconds 0 points / 6-10 seconds 1 point / >10 seconds 2 points); Give up exploring (1 point) / Don't give up (0 points); Score range 0-4 points.

[0031] 2. Teasing via telephone (3 times) Test objective: Common interest; Procedure: ① The tester holds a toy phone and shows it to the child (without letting go); ② When the child reaches for it, the tester moves the phone simultaneously (at a speed matching the child's reaching speed), first getting close and then quickly pulling it back; ③ Repeat 3 times and observe eye contact. Scoring: Look at the test subject's eyes (0 points) / Don't look (1 point); Look at the parents' eyes (0 points) / Don't look (1 point); Look at both at the same time (0 points) / Don't look (1 point); Score range: 0-3 points.

[0032] 3. Obstructing view (1 time) Test objectives: shared focus, initiative; Procedure: ① The child holds and plays with the toy phone for 3-5 seconds; ② The tester moves behind the child and uses a photo of the baby's face (not the photo side) to cover the child's eyes and the phone (3-5 inches away), times the time (maximum 10 seconds), and observes the time it takes for the child to look back at the tester's eyes; Scoring: Looking at the test subject's eyes (0 points) / not looking (1 point); delayed looking at the eyes (0-5 seconds 0 points / 6-10 seconds 1 point / >10 seconds 2 points); score range 0-3 points.

[0033] 4. Magic Ball (3 times) Test objectives: cognition, shared concerns; Procedure: ① Show the children a transparent vase and the magic ball inside; ② Quickly move the vase to make the ball disappear; ③ Repeat 3 times and observe their surprised reactions, ball-finding behavior, and eye contact. Scoring: Surprise reaction (0 points) / No (1 point); Actively seeking the ball (0 points) / Not seeking it (1 point); Eye contact with parents / testers (0 points) / No contact (1 point); Score range 0-3 points.

[0034] 5. Color constancy (3 times) Test objectives: cognition, shared concerns; Procedure: ① The tester holds the color-changing scarf 30cm in front of the child and holds it for 2 seconds to let the child see the initial color; ② Quickly switch colors; ③ Repeat 3 times and observe the child's surprised reaction and attention. Scoring: Surprise reaction (0 points) / No (1 point); Immediate eye contact with parents (0 points) / No contact (1 point); Immediate eye contact with the test subject (0 points) / No contact (1 point); Contact with both simultaneously (0 points) / No contact (1 point); Score range 0-4 points.

[0035] 6. Object Preference vs. Face (1 time, 10 seconds) Test objective: Social awareness; Procedure: ① The tester holds one photo in each hand (train track in the right hand, baby's face in the left hand) and raises them to eye level with the child (20cm away); ② The tester times the photo for 10 seconds and observes the child's preferred behaviors such as pointing, reaching out, and patting. Rating: Prefer baby face (0 points); Prefer train track (2 points); No interest / no clear preference (1 point); Score range 0-2 points.

[0036] 7. Rapid co-attention response (2 times) Test objective: Common interest; Procedure: ① The tester stands behind the child (at ear level); ② Suddenly points to the ceiling light while calling the child's name and saying, "[Child's name], look!"; ③ Repeat twice and observe whether the child follows the direction of the pointer. Scoring: Follow the pointer (0 points) / Do not follow (1 point); Score range: 0-1 points.

[0037] 8. Responding to the caregiver's emotions (2 steps, 10 seconds each) Test objectives: social awareness, communication; Procedure: ① Step 1 (Sadness): The caregiver pretends to cry (with a sad expression, and may sob slightly), for 10 seconds, and observes the child's attempts to get close, eye contact, sad reactions, and interest; ② Step 2 (Neutral): After the child's emotions have calmed down, the caregiver resumes a neutral expression and calls the child's name once, for 10 seconds, and repeats the observation. Scoring: The two steps are scored separately. In each step, "seeking closeness, eye contact, sadness response, interest" is scored as (0 points) / not shown (1 point); each step is scored as 0-4 points, and the total score is scored as 0-8 points.

[0038] 9. Self-recognition in the mirror (1 time) Test objectives: Cognition and social awareness; Procedure: ① The tester holds a mirror and hands it to the child so that the child can see the image in the mirror; ② Observe whether the child looks at themselves in the mirror and whether they recognize the red dot on their forehead and wipe it off. Scoring: Looking at yourself in the mirror (0 points) / not looking (1 point); identifying the red dot and wiping it (0 points) / not identifying / not wiping (1 point); score range 0-2 points.

[0039] (iv) Scoring and Result Judgment Total score calculation: The scores of the 9 items are added together (scores range from 0 to 30). The lower the score, the more typical the child's response. Behavioral observation record: Simultaneously record the qualitative manifestations of the child such as hyperactivity, sensory seeking behavior, repetitive behavior, and difficulty in attracting attention. Each item is scored as "none (0 points), occasional (1 point), frequent (2 points)" and is not included in the total score. It is only used for clinical reference. Results Interpretation: ① Total score < 16 points: Most likely unrelated to ASD, based on a comprehensive assessment of the child's development and caregiver feedback; ② Total score ≥ 16 points: Suggests ASD risk, requiring further comprehensive evaluation by a professional clinician (this method is a screening tool and does not replace diagnosis).

[0040] (V) Precautions If the child cries or resists, pause the test (for a maximum of 5 minutes) and continue after the child has calmed down; if the child still cannot cooperate, schedule another time. Testers must strictly follow the procedures to avoid differences in operation affecting the results; Caregivers must not actively guide children's responses or interfere with the test; After the test, wipe the red spots on the child's forehead with clean water to ensure there are no residues. Regularly check the equipment (e.g., markers should not cause irritation, toys should not be damaged) to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Claims

1. A rapid interactive screening test method for autism in young children, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Determine the test subjects: Select children aged 18-36 months who have grown up in a Chinese language environment and who do not have severe visual, hearing or motor function impairments; (2) Test preparation: After the children have adapted to the test environment, use a red odorless washable marker to mark a round red dot on the children's forehead; prepare the equipment required for 9 semi-structured game-style test items, namely, covering the mobile phone, telephone teasing, blocking the line of sight, magic ball, color constancy, preferred object VS face, rapid joint attention response, response to the caregiver's emotions, and mirror self-recognition; (3) Execution of the test: The first three test items are executed in the order of blocking the mobile phone, using the phone to entice, and blocking the view. The order of the remaining test items is adjusted according to the child's state, and the red dot marking is executed before the mirror self-recognition. For each test item, the child's specified reaction is observed and scored according to the preset standard. (4) Result determination: The scores of the 9 test items are added together to obtain the total score. If the total score is greater than or equal to the risk score, it indicates that the child has autism spectrum disorder risk. If the total score is lower than the risk score, it suggests that the child is likely not related to autism spectrum disorder.

2. The rapid interactive screening test method for autism in young children according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the method for executing and scoring the phone obstruction is as follows: The equipment used is a small toy mobile phone without sharp edges or corners; Operating procedure: Let the child explore the toy phone for 3-5 seconds. After the child holds the phone, the tester quickly covers the phone and the child's hand with their palm while timing the process. The maximum waiting time is 10 seconds. Observe the child's reaction when looking at the tester's eyes. Repeat this operation 3 times and take the best reaction from the 3 times as the score. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking at the tester's eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0-5 seconds for delaying looking at the tester's eyes, 1 point for 6-10 seconds, 2 points for >10 seconds; 1 point for giving up exploring the phone, 0 points for not giving up; the score range for this item is 0-4 points.

3. The rapid interactive screening test method for autism in young children according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the execution and scoring method of the telephone provocation is as follows: The equipment used is a small toy mobile phone without sharp edges or corners; Operating procedure: The tester holds the toy phone and shows it to the child. When the child reaches for the phone, the tester moves the phone, first bringing it close to the child and then quickly pulling it back. This teasing operation is repeated 3 times, and the child's eye contact is observed. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking into the test subject's eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0 points for looking into the parents' eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0 points for looking into both the test subject's and parents' eyes, 1 point for not looking; the score range for this item is 0-3 points.

4. The rapid interactive screening test method for autism in toddlers of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the method for executing and scoring the obstruction of vision is as follows: The equipment used included small toy phones without sharp edges and opaque photos printed with baby faces; Procedure: Have the child hold and play with the toy phone for 3-5 seconds. The tester moves behind the child and uses the photo to block the child's eyes from the phone, with a blocking distance of 3-5 inches. The timer is started simultaneously, with a maximum waiting time of 10 seconds. Observe the child's reaction when looking back at the tester's eyes. This procedure is only performed once. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking into the tester's eyes, 1 point for not looking; 0 points for a delay of 0-5 seconds in looking into the tester's eyes, 1 point for 6-10 seconds, and 2 points for >10 seconds; the score range for this item is 0-3 points.

5. The rapid interactive screening test method for autism in toddlers as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the execution and scoring method of the magic ball is as follows: The equipment used includes a magic ball with a diameter of 3-5cm and a transparent vase; Operating procedure: The tester shows the transparent vase and the magic ball inside to the child. After the child has seen it clearly, the vase is quickly moved so that the magic ball disappears from the child's sight. This operation is repeated 3 times, and the child's surprised reaction, ball-finding behavior and eye contact are observed. Scoring criteria: 0 points for showing surprise, 1 point for not showing surprise; 0 points for actively searching for the missing magic ball, 1 point for not searching; 0 points for making eye contact with parents or the test subject, 1 point for not making eye contact; the score range for this item is 0-3 points.

6. The rapid interactive screen for autism in toddlers (RISAT) method of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the method for performing and scoring the color constancy is as follows: The equipment allows for quick switching between three or more contrasting colors on a soft, color-changing scarf. Operating procedure: The tester holds the color-changing scarf 30cm in front of the child, holds it for 2 seconds to allow the child to observe the initial color, and then quickly changes the color of the scarf; repeat this operation 3 times and observe the child's surprised reaction and attention-grabbing behavior; Scoring criteria: 0 points for showing surprise, 1 point for not showing surprise; 0 points for immediately making eye contact with parents, 1 point for not making eye contact; 0 points for immediately making eye contact with the test subject, 1 point for not making eye contact; 0 points for making eye contact with both parents and the test subject simultaneously, 1 point for not making eye contact; the score range for this item is 0-4 points.

7. The rapid interactive screen for autism in toddlers (RISAT) method of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the execution and scoring method of the preferred object VS face is as follows: The equipment used two clear photos: one of an Asian baby's face and one of a train track. Procedure: The tester holds one of the aforementioned photos in each hand, with the right hand holding a photo of train tracks and the left hand holding a photo of the baby's face. The photos are held at eye level with the child, about 20cm away. The tester holds the photos for 10 seconds and observes whether the child exhibits any clear preferred behaviors such as pointing, reaching out, or patting. This procedure is performed only once. Scoring criteria: 0 points for a preference for baby face photos; 2 points for a preference for train track photos; 1 point for no interest in or clear preference for either photo; the score range for this item is 0-2 points.

8. The rapid interactive screen test method for autism in toddlers of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the execution and scoring method of the rapid joint attention response is as follows: No additional equipment required; Procedure: The tester stands behind the child at ear level, suddenly points to the light on the ceiling, calls the child's name and says "Look!"; repeat this operation twice and observe whether the child follows the pointing finger to look at the light; Scoring criteria: 0 points for following the direction and looking at the turn signal, 1 point for not following; the score range for this item is 0-1 points.

9. The rapid interactive screen for autism in toddlers (RISAT) method of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the method for implementing and scoring the caregiver's emotional response is as follows: No additional equipment is required, but caregiver assistance is necessary. Operating procedure: It is carried out in two steps, each timed for 10 seconds: Step 1, the caregiver pretends to cry and observes the child's attempts to get close, eye contact, sadness reaction and interest expression; Step 2, after the child's emotions have calmed down, the caregiver resumes a neutral expression and calls the child's name once, and repeats the above observation. Scoring criteria: The two steps are scored separately. In each step, "seeking closeness to the caregiver, making eye contact with the caregiver, showing sadness, and showing interest in the caregiver's emotions" will each receive 0 points, and "not showing interest" will receive 1 point. The score range for each step is 0-4 points. The total score for this item is the sum of the scores for the two steps, ranging from 0-8 points.

10. The rapid interactive screening test method for autism in toddlers of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the execution and scoring method of the mirror self-recognition is as follows: The equipment used is a mirror with a diameter of 20cm and smooth edges; Operating procedure: The tester holds the mirror in front of the child, allowing the child to clearly see their reflection. The tester observes whether the child looks at themselves in the mirror, whether they recognize the red dot on their forehead and try to wipe it off; this is performed only once. Scoring criteria: 0 points for looking at yourself in the mirror, 1 point for not looking at yourself; 0 points for identifying a red dot on your forehead and trying to wipe it, 1 point for not identifying it or not wiping it; the score range for this item is 0-2 points.

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