Tail gas adsorption and separation treatment equipment for sole vulcanization process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial waste gas treatment, and discloses shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption separation treatment equipment which comprises a sealed box body, and the interior of the sealed box body is physically divided into an active disturbance adsorption area, a heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation area and a hot air analysis recovery area which are sequentially communicated. A flexible adsorption belt with a closed-loop structure is arranged in the sealed box body, penetrates through the active disturbance adsorption area, the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation area and the hot air analysis recovery area, and circularly runs through a driving mechanism; in the active disturbance adsorption area, the flexible adsorption belt is used for allowing sulfuration tail gas to pass through so as to intercept oil mist and adsorb volatile organic compounds. A flexible adsorption belt with a gradient structure which is dense outside and sparse inside is constructed, powerful compression of an extrusion assembly is matched, and a hydraulic backwashing effect is triggered by utilizing modulus difference of a deep core material before surface collapse, so that self-cleaning and continuous physical regeneration of an adsorption medium in long-term operation are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial waste gas treatment technology, specifically to an adsorption and separation treatment device for tail gas from shoe sole vulcanization process. Background Technology

[0002] In the footwear manufacturing process, vulcanization is a crucial step in imparting elasticity and strength to sole materials (such as rubber, EVA, and TPR). This process requires high temperature and high pressure, causing a large number of additives added to the raw materials to undergo physical volatilization or chemical decomposition. The resulting exhaust gas is not a single gaseous pollutant, but an extremely complex multiphase aerosol mixture of gas, liquid, and solid components. It contains not only low-boiling-point volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene series compounds and alkanes, but also a large number of high-boiling-point, high-viscosity oil mist particles formed by the condensation of plasticizers (such as DOP and DINP), mold release agents (silicone oil), and oligomers.

[0003] The treatment of this type of mixed waste gas has always faced an extremely challenging "phase contradiction" in engineering practice. Traditional treatment approaches often attempt to solve both oil mist and VOCs problems simultaneously using a single technology, but the results are often inadequate. Currently widely used fixed-bed activated carbon adsorption or zeolite rotor concentration technologies face a fatal "oil mist blinding" effect when treating this type of waste gas. Due to the extremely high adhesion and surface tension of sulfide oil mist, it preferentially condenses and covers the outer surface of the adsorbent, forming a dense oil film barrier. This barrier not only blocks the microporous channels of the adsorbent and blocks the diffusion path of VOCs molecules to the internal active sites, causing the adsorption system to fail in a very short time; more seriously, these high-boiling-point oil substances are difficult to decompose and vaporize at conventional thermal desorption temperatures (100℃-200℃). Forcibly increasing the desorption temperature not only leads to high energy consumption but also easily causes heat accumulation and smoldering or even explosion accidents in the adsorbent bed, or causes the oil substances to coke and carbonize at high temperatures, resulting in permanent damage to the adsorbent material.

[0004] To mitigate the impact of oil mist on the downstream adsorption system, existing technologies typically add a water spray tower or electrostatic precipitator at the front end. However, water spraying processes not only have limited efficiency in capturing hydrophobic organic oil mist, but also generate large amounts of difficult-to-treat emulsified oily wastewater, causing serious secondary pollution and high water treatment costs. Simultaneously, when high-humidity exhaust gas carrying water enters the activated carbon bed, water molecules compete with organic molecules for adsorption sites, further weakening purification efficiency. On the other hand, electrostatic precipitators, when facing highly insulating sulfurized oil mist, are prone to having their electrode surfaces coated with oil for insulation, leading to corona blockage and posing a significant fire hazard in the event of electric field breakdown.

[0005] Furthermore, from a materials mechanics perspective, existing adsorption media are mostly rigid particles or honeycomb blocks. This physical form dictates that they can only passively wait for fluid to pass through, unable to actively remove accumulated pollutants through their own deformation. This static "in-only" adsorption mode means that when treating high-viscosity, easily condensing sulfurized tail gas, they can only be disposable consumables or short-life components, unable to achieve truly continuous, low-cost regeneration cycles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adsorption and separation treatment device for exhaust gas from shoe sole vulcanization processes. This device solves the technical problem in existing vulcanization exhaust gas treatment where the complex composition, high oil content, and high viscosity of the exhaust gas cause the micropores of traditional rigid adsorption media to be easily covered and blocked by oil films, leading to permanent failure. It also overcomes the safety hazards of high energy consumption and smoldering when treating heavy component oil pollution using conventional thermal regeneration processes, as well as the problems of secondary water pollution and low efficiency in removing fine oil mist in traditional wet pretreatment processes.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption and separation treatment device, comprising a sealed box, wherein the interior of the sealed box is physically divided into an active disturbance adsorption zone, a heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone, and a hot air desorption and recovery zone that are connected in sequence, and a flexible adsorption belt with a closed-loop structure is provided inside the sealed box, which penetrates the active disturbance adsorption zone, the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone, and the hot air desorption and recovery zone, and is circulated by a drive mechanism; Within the active disturbance adsorption zone, the flexible adsorption belt is used for the sulfurized tail gas to pass through, so as to intercept oil mist and adsorb volatile organic compounds. Within the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone, an extrusion assembly is provided. The extrusion assembly is used to apply mechanical pressure to the flexible adsorption belt after it has been saturated with adsorption, thereby squeezing out and collecting the liquid oil contaminants within the flexible adsorption belt. A hot air purge assembly is provided in the hot air desorption and recovery zone. The hot air purge assembly is configured to introduce hot air into the compressed flexible adsorption belt to desorb residual volatile organic compounds. The gas discharged from the hot air desorption and recovery zone is injected into the RCO catalytic combustion device for treatment.

[0008] In the working process of this equipment, the active disturbance adsorption zone is mainly used for the sulfurized tail gas to pass through, and the porous structure of the flexible adsorption belt is used to intercept oil mist and adsorb volatile organic compounds. The heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone is equipped with an extrusion component, which uses mechanical pressure to force the saturated flexible adsorption belt to deform, forcibly extruding and collecting the intercepted liquid phase oil, thereby achieving the physical separation of heavy component pollutants. The hot air desorption and restoration zone is equipped with a hot purging component, which introduces hot air into the flexible adsorption belt that has been compressed and thinned, to perform thermal desorption on the remaining light component volatile organic compounds, while simultaneously restoring the morphology of the flexible adsorption belt.

[0009] Preferably, the flexible adsorption strip has a multi-layered gradient composite structure in the thickness direction, comprising: The windward surface layer, located on the outer side of the flexible adsorption belt in contact with the exhaust gas, has a first pore size and a first compressive modulus; The deep core material, located on the inner side of the windward surface, has a second pore size and a second compression modulus, and is loaded with activated carbon fibers inside. The second pore size is larger than the first pore size, and the second compression modulus is smaller than the first compression modulus. Under the action of the extrusion assembly, the deep core material undergoes compression deformation before the windward surface layer, driving the internal fluid to flow in the opposite direction to the windward surface layer. This gradient design, with a hard outer layer and a soft inner layer, ensures that the deep core material undergoes compression deformation before the windward surface layer under the action of the extrusion assembly, thereby driving the internally adsorbed fluid to flow in the opposite direction to the windward surface layer. This creates a hydraulic backwashing effect on the surface micropores, effectively preventing oil stains from penetrating and accumulating deep within the material, and extending the service life of the adsorption belt.

[0010] Preferably, the active perturbation adsorption zone is provided with a perturbation roller group, which consists of multiple guide rollers with non-circular cross-section features. During the movement of the flexible adsorption belt, the perturbation roller group forces the flexible adsorption belt to undergo periodic compression and rebound deformation. The negative pressure generated by the rebound is used to actively draw in the waste gas, and the compression is used to discharge the retained gas film. The adsorption mass transfer efficiency of low-concentration waste gas is significantly improved through the breathing effect.

[0011] Preferably, a heat source nozzle is provided upstream of the extrusion assembly. The heat source nozzle is connected to the exhaust end of the RCO catalytic combustion device through a return pipeline and a mixing air temperature control valve group. The gas discharged from the RCO catalytic combustion device is guided to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt before entering the extrusion assembly, so as to reduce the dynamic viscosity of the oil mist attached to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt. The oil mist is heated to the semi-fluid critical temperature through thermal feedback, significantly reducing its dynamic viscosity, thereby greatly reducing the flow resistance of mechanical extrusion and achieving efficient removal of high-viscosity oil stains with low energy consumption.

[0012] Preferably, an anti-backflow buffer unit is provided on the inlet side of the extrusion assembly. The anti-backflow buffer unit includes a second guide roller and an anti-backflow liquid receiving box. The second guide roller is used to propel the flexible adsorption belt upward at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees. The anti-backflow liquid receiving box is located below the extrusion assembly and has a flexible scraping lip on its edge. The flexible scraping lip is in close contact with the lower surface of the flexible adsorption belt to collect liquid overflowing due to extrusion and backflow due to gravity, and guides it into the anti-backflow liquid receiving box. On the one hand, by making the flexible adsorption belt enter the extrusion zone at an upward incline of 15 to 30 degrees, the tendency of liquid backflow is counteracted by the component of gravity; on the other hand, the anti-backflow liquid receiving box with a flexible scraping lip is provided below the extrusion assembly to scrape off suspended oil droplets in close contact with the lower surface of the adsorption belt and to limit the overflowing backflow splash liquid to the buffer area for discharge, thus achieving physical isolation between the oil and the clean adsorption zone.

[0013] Preferably, the extrusion assembly includes a pair of upper extrusion rollers and lower extrusion rollers. The surface of the lower extrusion roller is machined with herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves. The herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves extend from the middle to both ends along the axial direction of the lower extrusion roller, and are used to break the oil film tension during the extrusion process and guide the extruded oil to be discharged to both sides of the lower extrusion roller.

[0014] Preferably, a reverse bending recovery mechanism is provided in the hot air desorption recovery zone. The reverse bending recovery mechanism is located downstream of the extrusion assembly and consists of a group of guide rollers arranged in an S-shape. It is used to continuously bend the flexible adsorption belt after extrusion in the reverse direction, and use the viscoelasticity of the polymer material to force the separation of the adhered pore walls and restore the loose and porous state of the flexible adsorption belt.

[0015] Preferably, the thermal purging assembly includes multiple hot air knives evenly distributed below the reverse bending and recovery mechanism, which spray clean hot airflow onto the flexible adsorption belt. Utilizing the internal negative pressure generated during the rebound of the adsorption belt, the clean hot airflow is rapidly drawn into the depths of the micropores, achieving highly efficient VOCs thermal desorption. Preferably, the extrusion assembly simultaneously forms a gas phase isolation barrier between the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone and the hot air desorption and recovery zone. The closed-pore compression state formed by the flexible adsorption belt at the roller gap of the extrusion assembly blocks the crossflow of exhaust gas between different functional zones.

[0016] Preferably, the hot air desorption and recovery zone is further provided with a tension compensation mechanism, which includes a floating roller. The floating roller is connected to the inner wall of the sealed box through a constant force application element. The outer surface of the floating roller is coupled to the flexible adsorption belt. The tension is automatically adjusted according to the length change of the flexible adsorption belt in the dry and wet state and the compressed recovery state.

[0017] This invention provides an adsorption and separation treatment device for exhaust gas from the vulcanization process of shoe soles. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention constructs a flexible adsorption belt with a gradient structure of dense outer layer and sparse inner layer, combined with the powerful compression of an extrusion assembly. It utilizes the modulus difference between the deeper core material and the surface layer, which collapses before the surface layer, to trigger a hydraulic backwashing effect. This fluid impact force from the inside out forcibly peels off and removes fine particles and high-viscosity oil films trapped in the micropores, effectively preventing pollutants from penetrating and solidifying deep within the material. This achieves self-cleaning and continuous physical regeneration of the adsorption medium during long-term operation. Simultaneously, a non-circular cross-section disturbance roller group is introduced into the adsorption zone, giving the flexible adsorption belt a periodic compression-rebound biomimetic breathing function. Utilizing the instantaneous negative pressure generated deep within the micropores during the adsorption belt's rebound, VOCs molecules in the airflow are actively drawn in. At the same time, repeated surface deformation continuously disrupts the laminar boundary layer of the gas-solid interface, significantly reducing mass transfer resistance and solving the problems of incomplete adsorption and easy penetration of low-concentration waste gas in traditional static adsorption beds.

[0018] 2. This invention redirects the clean, high-temperature gas discharged from the downstream RCO catalytic combustion unit back to the upstream for preheating and viscosity reduction of the oil mist before extrusion. This design not only converts waste heat into a key heat source required by the process, significantly reducing the overall energy consumption of the system, but also effectively avoids the circulation and accumulation of pollutants within the system by recycling deeply purified clean hot gas, ensuring the environmental friendliness and safety of the entire process. Simultaneously, by heating the attached oil mist to its softening point, its dynamic viscosity is significantly reduced, and then it is mechanically extruded and separated by high-pressure rollers. This process of first physically reducing viscosity and then mechanically discharging oil avoids the risk of coking and carbonization due to the inability of heavy oil components to vaporize, leading to permanent damage to the adsorbent material, which is present in traditional high-temperature thermal desorption processes. Furthermore, the recovered oil can be reused as a raw material.

[0019] 3. This invention, through the design of a sloping feed path combined with a herringbone-shaped micro-guide channel on the roller surface, utilizes the gravitational component and guiding force to counteract the fluid dynamic pressure, completely solving the problems of liquid backflow and splashing during high-speed roller pressing. Simultaneously, by utilizing the natural physical barrier formed by the compression of the adsorption zone at the extrusion roller gap to the closed-pore limit state, strict gas-phase isolation is achieved between the front-end contaminant adsorption zone and the rear-end clean desorption zone without the need for additional mechanical gates, eliminating process crosstalk. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sealed box in this invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the hot air knife in this invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the guide roller one in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the composite structure of the flexible adsorption band in this invention.

[0021] The components include: 1. Sealed housing; 101. Active disturbance adsorption zone; 102. Heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone; 103. Hot air desorption and recovery zone; 2. Flexible adsorption belt; 201. Windward surface layer; 202. Deep core material; 3. Extrusion assembly; 301. Upper extrusion roller; 302. Lower extrusion roller; 4. Hot purging assembly; 401. Hot air knife; 5. Disturbance roller group; 501. Guide roller one; 6. Heat source nozzle; 7. Guide roller two; 8. Anti-backflow liquid receiving box; 9. Reverse bending recovery mechanism; 10. Floating roller. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6 This invention provides an adsorption and separation treatment device for exhaust gas from shoe sole vulcanization process, including a sealed box 1. The sealed box 1 is physically divided into an active disturbance adsorption zone 101, a heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102, and a hot air desorption and recovery zone 103 that are connected in sequence. A flexible adsorption belt 2 with a closed-loop structure is provided inside the sealed box 1, which runs through the active disturbance adsorption zone 101, the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102, and the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103, and is made to circulate through a drive mechanism. These three zones are not completely sealed by fixed partitions, but are dynamically isolated through the close cooperation of core process components.

[0024] Within the active disturbance adsorption zone 101, the flexible adsorption belt 2 is used for the sulfurized tail gas to pass through, so as to intercept oil mist and adsorb volatile organic compounds. Within the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102, an extrusion assembly 3 is provided. The extrusion assembly 3 is used to apply mechanical pressure to the flexible adsorption belt 2 after it has been saturated with adsorption, thereby squeezing out and collecting the liquid phase oil in the flexible adsorption belt 2. Within the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103, a hot purge assembly 4 is installed. The hot purge assembly 4 is configured to introduce hot air into the compressed flexible adsorption belt 2 to desorb residual volatile organic compounds. The gas discharged from the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103 is injected into the RCO catalytic combustion device for treatment.

[0025] This equipment is mainly used to treat mixed waste gas containing high-boiling-point oil mist (such as plasticizers and release agents) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The core transmission medium is a flexible adsorption belt 2 with a closed-loop structure, which circulates through the three zones mentioned above. Under the traction of the drive mechanism, the flexible adsorption belt 2 forms a continuous circulating transport path: first, it passes through the active disturbance adsorption zone 101 in a relaxed state, then enters the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102 in an incline manner, enters the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103 after extreme compression, and finally, after regeneration, it re-enters the active disturbance adsorption zone 101 via the return path.

[0026] Within the active agitation adsorption zone 101, a waste gas inlet is located at the bottom of the sealed housing 1, with a porous flow equalization plate arranged above the inlet. The flexible adsorption belt 2 travels horizontally or in a wavy pattern within this zone, separating the original waste gas chamber at the bottom of the housing from the clean gas chamber at the top. Under the action of the induced draft fan, the sulfurized tail gas penetrates the flexible adsorption belt 2. During this process, the flexible adsorption belt 2 utilizes its porous structure to physically trap oil mist particles in the waste gas and adsorb volatile organic compounds in the gas phase.

[0027] The extrusion assembly 3 simultaneously forms a gas phase isolation barrier between the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102 and the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103. By utilizing the closed-pore compression state formed by the flexible adsorption belt 2 at the roller gap of the extrusion assembly 3, the crossflow of exhaust gas between different functional zones is blocked.

[0028] At the junction of the active perturbation adsorption zone 101 and the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102, an extrusion assembly 3 is provided. This extrusion assembly 3 is not only the core actuator for achieving liquid-solid separation, but also constitutes a gas phase isolation barrier between the two zones. By utilizing the flexible adsorption belt 2 being compressed to its limit of closed-pore state at the gap between the extrusion rollers, in conjunction with the flexible sealing strip between the rollers and the side wall of the housing, the crossflow of untreated waste gas in the adsorption zone to the subsequent zones is effectively blocked.

[0029] The heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102 is specially configured to handle high-viscosity oil mist. Before entering the engagement zone of the extrusion assembly 3, the flexible adsorption belt 2 is guided by guide roller 2 to form a specific upward angle path, constituting an inclined feeding section. A heat source nozzle 6 is arranged above or to the side of this inclined feeding section. This nozzle is connected to the exhaust end of the RCO catalytic combustion device through a return pipeline and a mixing air temperature control valve group, guiding clean gas with residual heat to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt to preheat and reduce the viscosity of the adsorbed oil mist.

[0030] When the preheated flexible adsorption belt 2 passes through the extrusion assembly 3, under high-intensity linear pressure, the liquid phase oil sludge (including the thickened heavy component oil mist and condensate after viscosity reduction) trapped inside the adsorption belt is forcibly squeezed out. To prevent the extruded liquid from flowing back, an anti-backflow buffer unit is installed below the inlet of the extrusion assembly 3. Through physical scraping and guiding structures, the separated oil is collected and guided into the oil collection tank located below, and discharged outside the equipment for recycling.

[0031] After being squeezed and dehydrated, the flexible adsorption belt 2 enters the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103 in a dense, thin sheet form. Within this zone, a reverse bending recovery mechanism 9 and a hot purging assembly 4 are arranged. The flexible adsorption belt 2 first undergoes a violent reverse bending along an S-shaped path, forcibly separating the adhered pore walls. Subsequently, the hot purging assembly 4 sprays clean hot air onto the rebounding adsorption belt.

[0032] At this point, the instantaneous negative pressure generated by the volume expansion inside the flexible adsorption belt 2 helps the hot air to quickly penetrate deep into the micropores, desorbing and vaporizing the remaining low-boiling-point volatile organic compounds. The high-concentration exhaust gas desorbed is collected by a gas collection hood located at the top of this area and transported through pipelines to an external RCO catalytic combustion device for final treatment.

[0033] To ensure the operational stability of the flexible adsorption belt 2 during long-term cycling, a tension compensation mechanism is also provided at the end of the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103. This mechanism includes a floating roller 10 connected to a constant force gas spring or counterweight, which can sense and absorb the length fluctuations of the flexible adsorption belt 2 caused by changes in dryness and wetness and compression deformation in real time, ensuring that the transmission tension of the entire closed-loop system is constant and preventing the adsorption belt from deviating or stacking.

[0034] The flexible adsorption band 2 has a multi-layered gradient composite structure in the thickness direction, which includes: The windward surface layer 201 is located on the outer side of the flexible adsorption belt 2 that is in contact with the exhaust gas, and has a first pore size and a first compression modulus; The deep core material 202 is located inside the windward surface layer 201, has a second pore size and a second compression modulus, and is loaded with activated carbon fibers inside. The second pore size is larger than the first pore size, and the second compression modulus is smaller than the first compression modulus. Under the action of the extrusion assembly 3, the deep core material 202 undergoes compression deformation before the windward surface layer 201, so as to drive the internal fluid to flow in the opposite direction to the windward surface layer 201.

[0035] As the core medium carrying out adsorption and separation functions, the flexible adsorption belt 2 does not use a single homogeneous general-purpose sponge material, but is constructed as a multi-layered gradient composite structure with different physical properties in the thickness direction. This structure mainly consists of an outer surface layer 201 that directly contacts the exhaust gas and an inner core material 202 that forms the main body. The two are tightly bonded together by hot-melt composite or integrated foaming process, with no adhesive layer at the interface that obstructs fluid transmission.

[0036] In this invention, the windward surface layer 201 is made of an open-cell polymer foam material with a high cross-linking density, such as high-hardness polyurethane or modified polyethylene. Its physical characteristics include a small average pore size (e.g., 30 to 60 micrometers) and a high first compressive modulus. This dense microporous structure endows the surface layer with a "sieve-like" physical interception function, effectively preventing large-diameter oil mist droplets from directly penetrating deep into the material. Simultaneously, the high modulus ensures sufficient wear resistance of the adsorption strip during high-speed frictional contact with the mechanical roller, preventing surface pilling or damage.

[0037] The deep core material 202, located beneath the windward surface layer 201, constitutes the main volume of the flexible adsorption zone. In this embodiment, the deep core material 202 is a low-density, high-resilience soft foam material, characterized by a large average pore size (e.g., 150 to 300 micrometers) and a significantly lower second compressive modulus than the windward surface layer 201. The large pore space provides ample temporary storage space for liquid oil contaminants, while the low modulus ensures that the material can undergo significant volumetric deformation under minimal pressure.

[0038] To achieve efficient capture of gaseous volatile organic compounds, activated carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed and anchored within the matrix network of the deep core material 202. Unlike traditional granular activated carbon fillers, this embodiment utilizes the aspect ratio advantage of activated carbon fibers, directly weaving or winding them onto the polymer skeleton during the foaming process. This anchoring method ensures that the adsorbent remains firmly attached to the matrix even after undergoing thousands of mechanical compressions and bending deformations, preventing pulverization, detachment, or loss with oil.

[0039] This invention utilizes the differentiated responses of the aforementioned gradient structure materials in a mechanical pressure field to construct a unique self-cleaning mechanism. When the flexible adsorption belt 2 enters the roller gap of the extrusion assembly 3, due to the lower compressive modulus of the deep core material 202, it reaches its compression limit and collapses before the windward surface layer 201. This process causes a sharp increase in fluid pressure inside the deep core material 202, while the windward surface layer 201 still retains some pore channels.

[0040] Based on the physical principle that fluids always flow along the path of least resistance, the oil mixture accumulated within the deep core material 202 is forced to flow in the opposite direction towards the windward surface layer 201 under the pressure difference. This high-speed fluid movement from the inside out creates a powerful hydraulic backwash on the microporous channels of the windward surface layer 201. This mechanism can forcibly flush out the tiny particles and high-viscosity oil film trapped in the surface micropores, preventing contaminants from penetrating and solidifying deeper into the material during repeated compression. This fundamentally overcomes the common sponge effect deadlock in flexible adsorbent materials, i.e., the problem of dirt deepening with pressure.

[0041] Furthermore, to further enhance the oleophobic and liquid-conducting properties of the material, the surface of the matrix framework of the flexible adsorption band 2 is modified with hydrophobic and oleophilic fluorosilane or nano-silica sol. This treatment reduces the adhesion of water molecules to the material surface, allowing condensate to be more easily separated from the oil and discharged during the extrusion separation process, thus maintaining the dryness and activity of the active sites inside the adsorption band.

[0042] The active disturbance adsorption zone 101 is equipped with a disturbance roller group 5, which consists of multiple guide rollers 501 with non-circular cross-section characteristics. During the movement of the flexible adsorption belt 2, the disturbance roller group 5 forces the flexible adsorption belt 2 to undergo periodic compression and rebound deformation. The negative pressure generated by the rebound is used to actively draw in the exhaust gas, and the compression is used to discharge the stagnant gas film.

[0043] The active perturbation adsorption zone 101 is configured to change the inefficient mode of passive gas diffusion through the static filter layer in traditional adsorption equipment. By introducing a mechanical perturbation mechanism, the flexible adsorption belt 2 maintains dynamic deformation at the microscopic level during adsorption. This zone is located at the front of the sealed housing 1, and its bottom has an air inlet connected to the exhaust gas source. Above the air inlet, a porous flow equalizer is horizontally arranged. This porous flow equalizer is made of stainless steel, and its surface is evenly distributed with guide holes of gradually varying pore size. It is used to rectify the high-speed turbulent exhaust gas into a vertically upward uniform laminar flow, ensuring that the airflow can cover the full width of the flexible adsorption belt 2.

[0044] In this invention, to achieve the active adsorption function, a special set of disturbance rollers 5 is installed along the travel path of the adsorption belt in this area. Unlike the circular guide rollers in conventional conveying systems that only serve a supporting function, the disturbance roller set consists of several guide rollers 501 with non-circular cross-sections, such as elliptical cross-section rollers or rollers with eccentric cam structures. These guide rollers 501 are staggered along the travel direction of the adsorption belt and operate synchronously with the drive system.

[0045] When the flexible adsorption belt 2 passes through the disturbance roller group 5 under the traction of the driving force, due to the periodic change of the cross-sectional radius of the guide roller 501, the flexible adsorption belt 2 is forced to undergo continuous and regular "compression-rebound" cyclic deformation in the thickness direction. This mechanically induced deformation frequency is precisely matched with the rotational speed and cross-sectional geometric parameters of the guide roller 501, making the flexible adsorption belt 2 exhibit respiratory motion characteristics similar to biological alveoli.

[0046] Specifically, during the suction stroke, as the long axis of the guide roller 501 rotates away from the surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2, the compressed flexible adsorption belt 2 rapidly rebounds and recovers mainly due to the elastic potential energy of the deep core material 202. At this instant, the pore volume inside the material expands rapidly, thus forming a momentary negative pressure zone deep within the micropores. This negative pressure difference breaks the static pressure balance at the gas-solid interface, generating an active suction force that strongly draws the high-concentration oily waste gas flowing across the surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2 into the deep activated carbon fiber network, significantly shortening the mass transfer path of pollutant molecules from the gas phase bulk to the active sites inside the adsorbent.

[0047] During the subsequent exhalation stroke, as the long axis of the guide roller 501 presses against the flexible adsorption belt 2 again, the material is locally compressed, and the pore volume decreases. This action forces the poor gas layer (i.e., the treated low-concentration gas boundary layer) trapped outside the pores or on the surface to be discharged. This periodic exhaust action effectively disrupts the laminar boundary layer resistance that usually exists on the static adsorption surface, allowing fresh, untreated waste gas to continuously contact the adsorption medium surface, maintaining an extremely high mass transfer concentration gradient.

[0048] Furthermore, to further extend the gas-solid contact time, this embodiment includes several sets of staggered baffles within the active perturbation adsorption zone 101. These baffles cut and guide the rising airflow into serpentine or sawtooth flow paths, forcing the exhaust gas to undergo multiple deflections as it passes through the flexible adsorption belt 2. Combined with the aforementioned peristaltic breathing effect, the airflow can penetrate the medium in a cross-flow manner at each intake moment in the adsorption belt, ensuring that even low concentrations of volatile organic compounds can be efficiently captured. Simultaneously, the loose structure of the flexible medium is used to deeply intercept oil mist particles.

[0049] A heat source nozzle 6 is installed upstream of the extrusion assembly 3. The heat source nozzle 6 is connected to the exhaust end of the RCO catalytic combustion device through a return pipeline and a mixing air temperature control valve group, guiding the gas discharged from the RCO catalytic combustion device to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2 before entering the extrusion assembly 3, so as to reduce the dynamic viscosity of the oil mist adhering to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2. An anti-backflow buffer unit is installed on the inlet side of the extrusion assembly 3. The anti-backflow buffer unit includes a guide roller 7 and an anti-backflow liquid receiving box 8. The guide roller 7 is used to make the flexible adsorption belt 2 move upward at an elevation angle of 15 degrees to 30 degrees. The anti-backflow liquid receiving box 8 is located below the extrusion assembly 3 and has a flexible scraper lip on its edge. The flexible scraper lip is in close contact with the lower surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2 to collect the liquid overflowing due to extrusion and gravity backflow, and guide it into the anti-backflow liquid receiving box 8. The extrusion assembly 3 includes an upper extrusion roller 301 and a lower extrusion roller 302 arranged in pairs. The surface of the lower extrusion roller 302 is machined with herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves. The herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves extend from the middle to both ends along the axial direction of the lower extrusion roller 302, which are used to break the oil film tension during the extrusion process and guide the extruded oil to be discharged to both sides of the lower extrusion roller 302.

[0050] To overcome the near-solid or high-viscosity non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of plasticizers and release agents in vulcanization exhaust gases at room temperature, this invention constructs a thermo-coupled processing environment and uses rheological modification to assist mechanical separation.

[0051] Before the flexible adsorption belt 2 enters the engagement zone of the extrusion assembly 3, it first passes through a thermoviscosity feedback pretreatment section. This pretreatment section is equipped with a heat source nozzle 6 spanning the full width of the adsorption belt. This nozzle is connected to the energy recovery system at the rear of the equipment via an insulated pipeline. In this invention, the heat source nozzle 6 is connected to the exhaust end of the RCO catalytic combustion device via a return pipeline and a mixed air temperature control valve assembly, so that the discharged clean gas is temperature-controlled and directionally sprayed onto the surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2.

[0052] This thermal pretreatment process does not aim to vaporize the oil, but rather to heat it to its critical softening temperature range (e.g., 40°C to 60°C). At this temperature, the semi-solid oil wax originally attached to the micropores of the flexible adsorption band undergoes a phase change, resulting in a significant decrease in its dynamic viscosity and a substantial increase in its fluidity. This pre-modification greatly reduces the driving pressure required for the fluid to pass through the gradient pores during subsequent mechanical extrusion, allowing the oil to be successfully stripped from the porous medium with lower energy consumption.

[0053] To address the liquid backflow problem caused by the hydraulic wedge effect at the inlet, a common issue in high-speed roller pressing, this embodiment employs a unique geometric design for the feed path of the flexible adsorption belt 2. Guided by the guide roller 7, the flexible adsorption belt 2 does not ascend horizontally but rather enters the extrusion roll gap at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees. This climbing path utilizes the gravitational component to partially offset the reverse hydrodynamic pressure generated by extrusion, causing the extruded liquid to tend to remain in the roll gap area or be guided out, rather than flowing back along the surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2 to the upstream adsorption zone.

[0054] Below the inlet side of the extrusion assembly 3, close to the lower extrusion roller 302, a backflow prevention receiving box 8 is fixedly installed. This receiving box has a "J"-shaped or arc-shaped groove structure, and its cross-sectional shape matches the curvature of the lower extrusion roller. A flexible scraper lip is inlaid on the edge of the receiving box near the flexible adsorption belt 2. This scraper lip is made of oil-resistant rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene, and its end rests against the lower surface of the flexible adsorption belt 2 with a slight preload.

[0055] During equipment operation, the flexible scraper continuously removes oil droplets that accumulate on the lower surface of the adsorption belt due to gravity. Simultaneously, when backflow liquid splashes towards the inlet due to instantaneous high pressure at the extrusion roller gap, this liquid is intercepted by the splash barrier above and falls into the receiving box. The bottom of the receiving box has an independent guide pipe that directly transports all collected backflow liquid and scraping liquid to the main oil collection tank, thus creating an absolute physical isolation zone between the adsorption chamber and the extrusion chamber, preventing secondary contamination.

[0056] In this invention, the extrusion assembly 3 includes a pair of upper extrusion rollers 301 and lower extrusion rollers 302, which are subjected to a constant linear pressure by a hydraulic or pneumatic device. The lower extrusion roller 302 has finely machined herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves on its surface. These herringbone patterns extend in a "V" shape from the center to both ends along the roller's axial direction.

[0057] When the preheated and softened flexible adsorption belt 2 passes through the pair of high-strength rollers, the oil in the gradient structure core material is rapidly squeezed to the surface. At this time, the herringbone groove on the surface of the lower extrusion roller 302 plays a crucial role: on the one hand, the groove structure disrupts the surface tension of the oil film on the smooth roller surface, preventing the adsorption belt from slipping; on the other hand, the V-shaped groove generates a guiding force similar to a spiral pump during rotation, guiding the squeezed oil to flow rapidly to both sides of the roller edge and be thrown out, avoiding excessive accumulation of oil in the center of the roller gap, which could lead to instantaneous high hydraulic pressure and damage to the adsorption belt. Finally, through the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned heat-induced viscosity reduction, slope-based flow obstruction, scraper interception, and herringbone groove guidance, the high-viscosity oil mist is efficiently recovered in liquid form.

[0058] A reverse bending recovery mechanism 9 is installed in the hot air analysis and recovery zone 103. Located downstream of the extrusion assembly 3, the reverse bending recovery mechanism 9 consists of a set of guide rollers arranged in an S-shape. It is used to continuously bend the flexible adsorption belt 2 in the reverse direction after extrusion to separate the adhered pore walls and restore the fluffy state of the flexible adsorption belt 2. The hot blowing assembly 4 includes multiple hot air knives 401, which are evenly distributed below the reverse bending recovery mechanism 9 and spray clean hot airflow onto the flexible adsorption belt 2.

[0059] In this embodiment, the hot air desorption and restoration zone 103 is located at the downstream outlet of the extrusion assembly 3, and mainly undertakes two core tasks: firstly, to restore the physical form of the flexible adsorption belt 2 after collapsing under strong extrusion; and secondly, to use thermal energy to deeply remove low-boiling-point volatile organic compounds remaining in the deep layers of micropores. This process is carried out in a relatively closed, insulated cavity to reduce heat loss and prevent the desorbed waste gas from overflowing.

[0060] In this invention, a reverse bending recovery mechanism 9 is provided to address the densification and pore closure phenomena that occur after the flexible adsorption belt 2 is subjected to high-pressure roller pressing. This mechanism consists of a set of small-diameter stainless steel guide rollers arranged in an "S" shaped path. When the flattened flexible adsorption belt passes through this roller group, it is forced to undergo continuous and rapid forward and reverse bending deformation. Utilizing the inherent viscoelasticity and bending stress of the polymer material, this mechanical action forcibly peels away the pore walls that are temporarily adhered due to compression, breaking the closed-pore state formed by van der Waals forces, allowing the flexible adsorption belt 2 to regain its fluffy volume and air permeability, creating a physical basis for subsequent hot airflow penetration.

[0061] Adjacent to the reverse bending recovery mechanism 9, the flexible adsorption belt 2 is equipped with a hot air blowing assembly 4, the core component of which is a slit-type hot air knife 401 spanning the entire width of the adsorption belt. This embodiment does not employ the traditional wide-area hot air drying method, but instead precisely aligns the air outlet of the hot air knife with the outlet of each node of the reverse bending recovery mechanism 9. In this region, the flexible adsorption belt 2 is at a critical moment of recovery from a compressed state to a free state, and its internal volume rapidly expands, thereby generating a significant instantaneous negative pressure deep within the micropores.

[0062] Based on the aforementioned physical mechanism, the high-temperature clean airflow (set within the VOCs desorption temperature range) injected by the hot air knife 401 does not merely flow across the surface of the adsorption belt, but is actively "drawn in" into the deep core material network by the negative pressure inside the adsorption belt. This negative pressure suction mechanism, combined with a rebound action, allows the heat medium to contact the deep activated carbon fibers without obstruction, rapidly providing the activation energy required for desorption, transferring the organic molecules adsorbed in the micropores from the solid phase to the gas phase, and effectively avoiding the problems of surface crusting or incomplete deep desorption that are prone to occur with conventional hot air purging.

[0063] The high-concentration organic waste gas generated during the desorption process is captured by a negative pressure gas collection hood located at the top of the hot air desorption and recovery zone 103, and then transported through a sealed pipeline to an external RCO catalytic combustion device for harmless treatment. To achieve energy self-sufficiency and efficient utilization of the system, this invention constructs an energy closed-loop feedback path.

[0064] Specifically, the clean, high-temperature exhaust gas from the outlet of the RCO catalytic combustion unit is used as a heat source and guided to the heat source nozzle 6 of the aforementioned active perturbation adsorption zone 101 via a return pipeline and a mixing air temperature control valve assembly. This design cleverly utilizes the clean residual heat after downstream purification to provide the activation energy required for viscosity reduction of the oil mist at the front end. Since the gas fed back to the active perturbation adsorption zone 101 has undergone deep RCO purification, even if it overflows after heat exchange and mixes into the main intake airflow of the adsorption zone, it will not introduce new pollutant loads. Thus, a pollution-free closed-loop cycle is achieved within a single device, significantly reducing the overall operating energy consumption of the system while ensuring process cleanliness.

[0065] The hot air desorption and recovery zone 103 is also equipped with a tension compensation mechanism, which includes a floating roller 10. The floating roller 10 is connected to the inner wall of the sealed box 1 through a constant force application element. The outer surface of the floating roller 10 is coupled to the flexible adsorption belt 2. The tension is automatically adjusted according to the length change of the flexible adsorption belt 2 in the dry and wet state and the compressed recovery state.

[0066] To ensure the stability and safety of the equipment during long-term continuous operation, especially to address the dimensional fluctuations caused by multiple factors such as adsorption swelling, thermal expansion and contraction, and mechanical stretching of flexible materials, the system integrates a precise tension compensation mechanism and gas phase isolation logic.

[0067] In this invention, the tension compensation mechanism is located at the end of the return section of the hot air desorption recovery zone 103, before the drive roller. The core component of this mechanism is a floating roller 10 that can freely move along a vertical slide rail. The shaft end of the floating roller 10 is connected to a constant force application element, such as a constant force gas spring or a counterweight module, which is configured to always apply a preset and constant tension force to the flexible adsorption belt 2.

[0068] During actual operation, when the flexible adsorption belt 2 swells due to the adsorption of a large amount of oil mist or shows a tendency to relax due to thermal desorption and elongation, the floating roller 10 automatically moves downward under constant force to absorb the excess belt length in real time. Conversely, when the adsorption belt shrinks due to cooling or when the load changes and the tension increases instantaneously, the waving roller moves upward to release the belt length. This dynamic real-time compensation mechanism eliminates the risk of transmission slippage or speed asynchrony caused by belt length fluctuations, ensuring that the flexible adsorption belt 2 remains flat and aligned when passing through the high-precision extrusion assembly 3, preventing physical damage to the equipment caused by deviation or folding.

[0069] Furthermore, this invention cleverly utilizes the physical state during the process as a means of gas-phase isolation between functional zones, thereby achieving strict zoning control without adding additional mechanical gates. Between the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone 102 and the hot air desorption recovery zone 103, the upper and lower extrusion rollers of the extrusion assembly 3 apply linear load pressure to the flexible adsorption belt 2.

[0070] In this high-pressure interlocking zone, the originally porous and loose flexible adsorption belt 2 is instantly compressed to an extremely dense state, and its internal micropore channels are completely closed. At this point, the compacted adsorption belt body is effectively transformed into a solid sealing barrier spanning the entire width of the chamber. Combined with wear-resistant labyrinth-type or contact-type flexible sealing strips installed between the end faces of the rollers and the side walls of the chamber, this structure creates a zero-leakage pressure boundary. This boundary effectively prevents upstream exhaust gas containing untreated oil mist from crossing the roller gap into the downstream clean thermal decomposition zone, while also preventing the downstream high-temperature decomposition hot air from interfering with the upstream condensation and extrusion process, ensuring the uniformity of gas flow and the purity of the process environment.

[0071] This embodiment also includes a central control unit for coordinating the operation of various subsystems. This control unit receives real-time signals from tension displacement sensors, temperature sensors, and oil collection tank level sensors. The system can automatically invert the oil mist concentration load in the exhaust gas based on the rate of change in the extruded oil volume, and dynamically adjust the circulation speed of the flexible adsorption belt 2 and the heating power of the thermoviscosity feedback system accordingly. For example, when a high oil mist load condition is detected, the system automatically reduces the belt speed to increase the extrusion residence time and simultaneously increases the preheating temperature to enhance the viscosity reduction effect, thereby achieving intelligent adaptive matching of the equipment to fluctuating vulcanization exhaust gas conditions.

[0072] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption separation treatment equipment, comprising a sealed box body (1), characterized in that, The sealed box (1) is physically divided into an active disturbance adsorption zone (101), a heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone (102), and a hot air desorption and recovery zone (103) that are connected in sequence. A flexible adsorption belt (2) with a closed-loop structure is provided in the sealed box (1), which runs through the active disturbance adsorption zone (101), the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone (102), and the hot air desorption and recovery zone (103), and is made to circulate through a driving mechanism. Within the active disturbance adsorption zone (101), the flexible adsorption belt (2) is used to allow the sulfurized tail gas to pass through, so as to intercept oil mist and adsorb volatile organic compounds. Within the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone (102), an extrusion assembly (3) is provided. The extrusion assembly (3) is used to apply mechanical pressure to the flexible adsorption belt (2) after adsorption saturation, thereby squeezing out and collecting the liquid phase oil in the flexible adsorption belt (2). A hot purge assembly (4) is provided in the hot air desorption and recovery zone (103). The hot purge assembly (4) is configured to introduce hot air into the squeezed flexible adsorption belt (2) to desorb the residual volatile organic compounds. The gas discharged through the hot air desorption and recovery zone (103) is injected into the RCO catalytic combustion device for processing.

2. The shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption and separation treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible adsorption band (2) has a multi-layer gradient composite structure in the thickness direction, which includes: The windward surface layer (201) is located on the outer side of the flexible adsorption belt (2) that is in contact with the exhaust gas, and has a first pore size and a first compression modulus; The deep core material (202) is located inside the windward surface layer (201), has a second pore size and a second compression modulus, and is loaded with activated carbon fibers inside. Wherein, the second aperture is larger than the first aperture, and the second compression modulus is smaller than the first compression modulus; under the action of the extrusion assembly (3), the deep core material (202) undergoes compression deformation before the windward surface layer (201) to drive the internal fluid to flow in the opposite direction to the windward surface layer (201).

3. The shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption and separation treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active disturbance adsorption zone (101) is provided with a disturbance roller group (5), which is composed of multiple guide rollers (501) with non-circular cross-section characteristics. During the movement of the flexible adsorption belt (2), the disturbance roller group (5) forces the flexible adsorption belt (2) to undergo periodic compression and rebound deformation, actively sucking in exhaust gas by utilizing the negative pressure generated by the rebound, and discharging the stagnant gas film by utilizing compression.

4. The adsorption and separation treatment equipment for tail gas from shoe sole vulcanization process according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat source nozzle (6) is provided upstream of the extrusion assembly (3). The heat source nozzle (6) is connected to the exhaust end of the RCO catalytic combustion device through a return pipeline and a mixing air temperature control valve group. The gas discharged from the RCO catalytic combustion device is diverted to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt (2) before entering the extrusion assembly (3) to reduce the dynamic viscosity of the oil mist attached to the surface of the flexible adsorption belt (2).

5. The adsorption and separation treatment equipment for tail gas from shoe sole vulcanization process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet side of the extrusion assembly (3) is provided with an anti-backflow buffer unit. The anti-backflow buffer unit includes a guide roller (7) and an anti-backflow liquid receiving box (8). The guide roller (7) is used to make the flexible adsorption belt (2) move upward at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees. The anti-backflow liquid receiving box (8) is located below the extrusion assembly (3) and has a flexible scraping lip on its edge. The flexible scraping lip is close to the lower surface of the flexible adsorption belt (2) to collect the liquid that overflows due to extrusion and flows back due to gravity, and guides it into the anti-backflow liquid receiving box (8).

6. The adsorption and separation treatment equipment for tail gas from shoe sole vulcanization process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion assembly (3) includes an upper extrusion roller (301) and a lower extrusion roller (302) arranged in pairs. The surface of the lower extrusion roller (302) is processed with herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves. The herringbone-shaped micro-guide grooves extend from the middle to both ends along the axial direction of the lower extrusion roller (302) to break the oil film tension during the extrusion process and guide the extruded oil to be discharged to both sides of the lower extrusion roller (302).

7. The adsorption and separation treatment equipment for exhaust gas from shoe sole vulcanization process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot air desorption and recovery zone (103) is provided with a reverse bending recovery mechanism (9). The reverse bending recovery mechanism (9) is located downstream of the extrusion assembly (3) and consists of a set of guide rollers arranged in an S-shape. It is used to continuously bend the flexible adsorption belt (2) after extrusion in the reverse direction to separate the adhered pore walls and restore the fluffy state of the flexible adsorption belt (2).

8. The shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption and separation treatment equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal purging assembly (4) includes multiple hot air knives (401) which are evenly arranged below the reverse bending and recovery mechanism (9) and spray clean hot air into the flexible adsorption belt (2).

9. The shoe sole vulcanization process tail gas adsorption and separation treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion assembly (3) simultaneously forms a gas phase isolation barrier between the heat-assisted gradient extrusion separation zone (102) and the hot air desorption and recovery zone (103). The closed-pore compression state formed by the flexible adsorption belt (2) at the roller gap of the extrusion assembly (3) blocks the crossflow of exhaust gas between different functional zones.

10. The adsorption and separation treatment equipment for tail gas from shoe sole vulcanization process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot air desorption and recovery zone (103) is also equipped with a tension compensation mechanism, which includes a floating roller (10). The floating roller (10) is connected to the inner wall of the sealed box (1) through a constant force application element. The outer surface of the floating roller (10) is coupled to the flexible adsorption belt (2). The tension is automatically adjusted according to the length change of the flexible adsorption belt (2) in the dry and wet state and the compressed recovery state.

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