Stereoscopic ecological functional sand barrier and method for treating desertified land by using same

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier and a method for treating desertified land through the sand barrier. The sand barrier is a long cylinder made of natural plant fiber fabric, the content of the sand barrier comprises filler and sandy soil, and the filler and the sandy soil are evenly mixed before being filled into the sand barrier. The filler is composed of granite tailing powder, mineral powder obtained after the granite tailing powder is subjected to high-temperature treatment, residues obtained after matrine is extracted from sophora alopecuroides seeds, sheep manure, straw powder and modified corn starch. According to the plant and sand barrier composite structure, the sand barrier can be anchored and prevented from being blown away, the roots of the plants can be prevented from being blown and beaten by wind and sand, the purpose of wind and sand prevention is achieved, meanwhile, normal growth and development of the plants are protected, and vegetation recovery after the moving sand is fixed is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sand prevention and control and environmental protection technology, specifically involving a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier and a method for treating desertified land. Background Technology

[0002] Desertification is one of the most important ecological, environmental, and socio-economic problems in the world today. More than 25% of the global land area, two-thirds of the countries, and nearly one billion people are threatened by desertification. Sand control and afforestation projects are the most commonly used and effective technical measures for controlling desertification, especially in the management of shifting sand dunes and the restoration of vegetation in sandy areas and deserts after treatment. Sand control and afforestation projects mainly include sand barrier construction, afforestation, and sand barrier-vegetation composite measures. Desertification and land degradation are major environmental problems facing the world, and the development of windbreak and sand-fixing technologies is of great significance for ecological environmental protection. Traditional sand control and afforestation technologies mainly include two categories: mechanical sand barriers and biological sand barriers. Mechanical sand barriers slow down wind speed and reduce the sand-carrying capacity of windblown sand through physical obstruction, thereby fixing shifting sand. Biological sand barriers use plant roots to fix the soil and reduce wind erosion through vegetation cover.

[0003] Currently, single-mode mechanical sand barrier laying technology only stabilizes mobile sand dunes or the surface soil of deserts from the perspective of wind erosion control. The stabilized sand dunes and desert vegetation are difficult to restore, failing to meet the needs of further ecological restoration. Furthermore, mechanical sand barriers are easily eroded by strong winds, leading to severe sand burial or even being blown away, thus losing their windbreak and sand-fixing function. Simple mechanical sand barriers are difficult to restore vegetation later, while vegetation restoration after stabilizing mobile sand dunes is the goal of desertification control. Vegetation restoration promotes the ecological restoration of desert areas and prevents sandstorms. For example, mechanical sand barriers, such as the high-standing sand barrier disclosed in CN221142739U for desertification ecological restoration, will eventually lose their windbreak and sand-fixing effect due to continuous wind and sand erosion.

[0004] To control wind and sand hazards and restore the ecological environment of sandy areas, people have gradually adopted biological sand barriers that combine mechanical sand barriers with vegetation measures for sand control and afforestation. Biological sand barriers, represented by the Artemisia annua-based sand barrier on mobile sand dunes disclosed in CN115211330A, while compensating for the shortcomings of mechanical sand barriers in vegetation restoration, suffer from direct exposure of plant roots due to strong winds and sandstorms, leading to root dehydration and plant death. Faced with strong wind erosion and sandstorms, sand barriers can be buried or blown away, leaving plants exposed to the wind and sand, causing their roots to be blown out of the ground and directly resulting in plant death. Previous sand barrier-plant composite structures provided a suitable living environment for plants, but when the sand barriers were damaged, they lost their windbreak and sand-fixing function. Therefore, finding sand barrier measures that can both protect plant roots and prevent them from being blown away is essential and a pressing technical challenge in production.

[0005] Early sand barrier materials primarily consisted of crop straw, pebbles, and clay, which were widely used in the early stages of sand control and desertification prevention. However, with the expansion of desertification control areas and the acceleration of the process, traditional sand barrier materials can no longer meet the current demands of sand control projects in terms of cost, protective efficiency, and energy conservation and environmental protection. In recent years, various new types of sand barrier materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA) fiber sand barriers, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sand barriers, polyethylene (PE) mesh sand barriers, and feather bag sand barriers, have emerged. Straw checkerboard sand barriers have the advantages of being natural, pollution-free, and inexpensive, but they are easily blown away by strong winds; sand barriers made mainly of clay and pebbles are easily buried by sand and have poor timeliness; HDPE and PE sand barriers are difficult to degrade after damage, causing pollution; PLA sand barriers are made from starch-containing crops and are biodegradable, eliminating secondary pollution from chemical residues, but they are easily buried by sand and do not absorb moisture well, nor do they significantly slow down water evaporation; because PLA sand barriers are filled with sand, their pores are tight, and plant roots and buds cannot grow through the material, thus failing to meet the requirements of the material of this invention for easy moisture absorption, slowing down evaporation, and maintaining the water needs of plant roots and buds interspersed in the sand barrier.

[0006] Current technologies still have many shortcomings: First, the single mechanical sand barrier laying technology only fixes the surface soil of shifting sand dunes or deserts from the perspective of wind erosion control. The fixed sand dunes and desert vegetation are difficult to restore, failing to meet the needs of further ecological restoration in the later stages. Second, mechanical sand barriers are prone to severe burial or being blown away by strong winds, thus failing to continue their windbreak and sand-fixing function. Third, while biological sand barriers compensate for the shortcomings of mechanical sand barriers in vegetation restoration, strong winds and sandstorms directly expose plant roots, causing them to dry out and die. When sand barriers are buried or blown away, plants are exposed to the wind and sand directly, causing their roots to be blown out of the ground, directly leading to plant death. Furthermore, traditional sand barrier materials can no longer meet the current requirements of sand control projects regarding cost, protective efficiency, and energy conservation and environmental protection. Finally, the nutrient-poor soil in sandy areas not only affects plant biomass but also quality, further impacting the stability of sand-fixing vegetation communities. The nutrient-poor soil of sandy areas not only affects plant biomass (directly leading to poor windbreak and sand fixation effects) but also impacts quality (affecting the economic benefits of plants with both ecological and forage value). Furthermore, it affects the community stability of sand-fixing vegetation (nutrient competition among plants leads to the degradation of less competitive plants). Therefore, developing a sand barrier system that addresses desertification from three aspects—windbreak and sand fixation, vegetation restoration, and soil remediation—is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier and a method for treating desertified land. This three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier protects plant roots while preventing wind erosion and fixing sand. Plant roots are interspersed within the gaps in the sand barrier, anchoring it in place. This sand barrier treats desertified land from three aspects: wind erosion and sand fixation, vegetation restoration, and soil remediation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, wherein the sand barrier is made of a long tube of natural plant fiber fabric, and the contents of the sand barrier include filler and sand, wherein the filler and sand are mixed evenly before being filled into the sand barrier. The filler consists of granite tailings powder, mineral powder obtained by high-temperature treatment of granite tailings powder, residue after extracting matrine from bitter bean seeds, sheep manure, straw powder, and modified corn starch.

[0009] Preferably, the contents of the sand barrier also include plant seeds, and the filler, plant seeds and sand are mixed together before being filled into the sand; more preferably, the plant seeds are crested wheatgrass seeds.

[0010] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, the total mass of the filling material is 100%, comprising 70-80% granite tailings powder, 3-10% high-temperature treated granite tailings powder, 5-7% residue after extracting matrine from bitter bean seeds, 8-10% sheep manure, 1-3% straw powder, and 2-3% modified corn starch; preferably, it comprises 73% granite tailings powder, 8% high-temperature treated granite tailings powder, 6% residue after extracting matrine from bitter bean seeds, 9% sheep manure, 2% straw powder, and 2% modified corn starch; Preferably, the high-temperature treatment is performed at 196°C for 12 hours.

[0011] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the granite tailings powder has a mesh size of 120 mesh.

[0012] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mesh size of the granite tailings powder after high-temperature treatment is 120 mesh.

[0013] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction method for the residue after extracting matrine from bitter bean seeds is as follows: bitter bean seeds are crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain bitter bean seed powder. The bitter bean seed powder is then placed in distilled water and magnetically stirred for 12 hours, followed by filtration through filter paper to collect the first filter residue. The second filter residue, after being placed in distilled water and magnetically stirred for 12 hours, is then filtered through filter paper to collect the residue after matrine extraction. The filtered liquid is used to extract matrine.

[0014] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sheep manure is dried sheep manure.

[0015] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the straw powder has a mesh size of 20 mesh.

[0016] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, the volume ratio of the filling material to the sand is 1:4.

[0017] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sandy soil is aeolian sand from shifting sand dunes or deserts. The sandy soil in this invention provides a moist environment for plant seed germination and also serves to dilute the filler material, as excessive filler material and nutrient excess can lead to seedling burn. The aeolian sandy soil is a soil type used in desertification control, conforming to the definition of aeolian sandy soil (G15) in GB / T 17296-2009.

[0018] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, the total mass of the filling material and sand in each three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is 8-15 kg, preferably 12 kg.

[0019] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, the natural plant fiber fabric is jute fiber fabric; preferably, the length of the long tube is 0.8-1.2m, more preferably 1m, and the diameter is 8-12cm, more preferably 10cm.

[0020] More preferably, the jute fiber fabric has a weave count of 26×26-35×35, a fiber thickness of 10μm-28μm, and a pore size of 1mm×1mm-1.5mm×1.5mm.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for treating desertified land. The method uses the aforementioned sand barriers to treat desertified land and treats desertified land from three aspects: windbreak and sand fixation, vegetation restoration and soil remediation.

[0022] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the above method includes preparing a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier and laying out a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier; The steps for preparing the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier are as follows: mix the filling material, sand and plant seeds evenly, pour them into a long tube made of natural plant fiber fabric and seal it; after sealing, the sand barrier reaches a natural saturation state, at which point the diameter of the sand barrier is 8-12cm. Preferably, the plant seed is crested wheatgrass seed; The method for laying out three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers includes the flat-laying method; Preferably, the flat-laying method involves laying a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier flat in each unit area of ​​quicksand. The flat-laying method involves laying the sand barrier down on the quicksand, and the height of the sand barrier after laying is the diameter of the sand barrier after it reaches its natural saturation state.

[0023] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, after laying the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, the amount of plant seeds sown in the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is 2-4 kg / mu of shifting sand, preferably 3 kg / mu of shifting sand.

[0024] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the unit area is 2-4m². 2 Preferably 4m 2 .

[0025] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned method for treating desertified land, the structure after the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is laid is as follows: Figure 1As shown, the structure includes a sand barrier outer packaging 1, plants 2, rainfall 3, soil 4, a mixture of filler and sand 5, and crested wheatgrass seeds 6. This three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is 1m long and has a diameter of 10cm when naturally saturated. It is cylindrical in shape, and the outer packaging is made of biodegradable jute fiber with a weave of 26×26-35×35 pores. The crested wheatgrass seeds 6 and the mixture of filler and sand 5 are mixed and placed into the sand barrier outer packaging 1. After sealing, the sand barrier reaches a naturally saturated state. As rainfall 3 seeps into the sand barrier, the crested wheatgrass seeds 6 take root and germinate. The buds emerge from the top of the sand barrier through the gaps in the outer packaging 1 and gradually grow into plants 2. The roots penetrate into the soil 4 from below through the gaps in the outer packaging 1. Plants, through seedlings and roots, are inserted into the outer packaging 1 of the sand barrier, firmly fixing the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier to the soil or sand surface, thus anchoring the sand barrier and preventing it from being blown away or displaced in the event of strong wind erosion. Simultaneously, the plant roots inserted into the outer packaging 1 also protect the plant roots from wind and sand erosion. The filler material is uniformly mixed with sand at a volume ratio of 1:4 and then packaged into the outer packaging 1. The filler material is a mixture of granite tailings, high-temperature treated granite tailings powder, residue from the extraction of matrine from bitter bean seeds, sheep manure, straw powder, and modified corn starch, granulated in a specific ratio. The use of these raw materials to prepare the filler material primarily reduces costs through the resource utilization of solid waste. The filling material, by its total mass (100%), comprises 70-80% granite tailings powder, 3-10% high-temperature treated granite tailings powder, 5-7% residue from bitter bean seed extraction of matrine, 8-10% sheep manure, 1-3% straw powder, and 2-3% modified corn starch. Modified corn starch serves as a binder, straw powder provides a carbon source, bitter bean residue provides a nitrogen source, and sheep manure provides various nutrients. Wheatgrass seeds (6) and the filling material are mixed with sand and soil mixture (5) and packed into the outer packaging (1) of the sand barrier. The filling material and sand mixture weigh 12 kg, and the seed filling amount is sufficient to meet the wheatgrass sowing rate of 3 kg / mu during installation. The sand barrier is installed at intervals of 2-4 m... 2 A three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is laid flat in the quicksand. The flat placement means laying the sand barrier down on the quicksand. The height of the sand barrier after laying is the diameter of the sand barrier after it reaches its natural saturation state.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a mutually beneficial anchoring composite structure of sand barrier and plant. The sand barrier provides windbreak and sand fixation for the plants, while simultaneously protecting the normal growth and development of plant roots. During the normal growth and development of the plants, the sand barrier is firmly anchored to the ground through its interlocking structure, preventing it from being blown away or scattered. The composite structure of plants and sand barriers can both anchor the sand barrier from being blown away and protect the plant roots from wind and sand erosion, achieving the purpose of wind and sand control while protecting the normal growth and development of plants and promoting vegetation restoration after the stabilization of shifting sand dunes. Compared with other sand barriers, this invention not only protects plant roots from wind and sand erosion but also provides favorable conditions for the plant roots to obtain water and nutrients. The three-dimensional functional sand barrier structure of "windbreak at the top, sand interception in the middle, and soil restoration at the bottom" can simultaneously carry out relatively comprehensive treatment of desertified land: windbreak and sand fixation, vegetation restoration, and soil remediation functions are performed simultaneously.

[0027] Jute fiber is one of the cheapest natural fibers, extracted from the inner or outer bark of the plant. Its cultivation and applications are second only to cotton. Jute fiber has good moisture absorption and is biodegradable, making it a pollution-free, environmentally friendly, and low-cost fiber. The outer packaging of the sand barrier of this invention is woven from jute fiber. In arid regions such as deserts or sandy areas, it quickly absorbs moisture upon rainfall, providing favorable conditions for the germination and growth of plant seeds within the bag. Simultaneously, because the filling material and sand are wrapped and covered by the jute fiber sand barrier, moisture evaporates more slowly compared to uncovered sand or desert soil, maintaining suitable moisture conditions for plants for a longer period. This sand barrier material is environmentally friendly and moisture-absorbing; after filling, moisture does not easily evaporate, providing favorable conditions for water absorption by plant roots.

[0028] The sand barrier filling formula can promote plant root growth and increase root biomass, thereby enhancing the anchoring effect of plant roots. It can also increase the polysaccharide content in the rhizosphere soil, promoting water absorption and retention by plant roots and facilitating the formation of soil aggregates in sandy areas, thus benefiting plant survival in harsh desert environments. Furthermore, the sand barrier filling formula can improve seed germination, increase the biomass of above-ground plant parts, and enhance the plant's ability to intercept wind and sand. The sand barrier filling material utilizes granite tailings (mineral powder) and high-temperature treated granite tailings powder (activated powder) to provide mineral nutrients to plants; modified corn starch as a binder; straw powder as a carbon source; the residue after extracting matrine from bitter bean seeds (bitter bean residue) as a nitrogen source; and sheep manure as a source of various nutrients. This approach overcomes the difficulties in the integrated and resource-based utilization of solid waste from mining, agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The structure after the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is laid.

[0030] Figure 2 This describes the morphology of jute fiber.

[0031] Figure 3 Plant-sand barrier anchoring composite structure (greenhouse experiment).

[0032] Figure 4 This is a solid block disintegration experiment.

[0033] Figure 5 The finished fillers are those used in Examples 1 and 2.

[0034] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the process of laying a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier.

[0035] Figure 7 A comparison of the specifications of the functional sand barriers laid in Example 1 and Comparative Example 14.

[0036] Figure 8 The area and location of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a description of the field deployment of three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers (75 days after installation).

[0038] Figure 10 The effect before and after laying the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier.

[0039] Figure 11 The soil conditions for the root system of *Leymus chinensis* in a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier.

[0040] Figure 12 Comparison of rhizosphere soil polysaccharide content of Leymus chinensis.

[0041] Figure 13 Comparison of water use efficiency of Leymus chinensis.

[0042] Figure 14 Comparison of dry weight of roots and aboveground parts of Leymus chinensis.

[0043] Figure 15 This specifies the sampling location and soil sampling method.

[0044] Figure 16 This shows the nutrient distribution below and to the sides of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier. Detailed Implementation

[0045] In order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail below, but it should not be construed as limiting the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0048] It should be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” and / or “containing” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, components, or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components, or combinations thereof.

[0049] It should be understood that the term "sand barrier," as used in this article, is defined as various forms of concealment erected on the sand surface using materials such as clay, straw, and branches. Its purpose is to dissipate wind and stabilize sand, alter the structure of wind-blown sand flows, and protect the sandy ground surface. It is one of the earliest technologies applied to prevent and control wind erosion disasters and is a guarantee and prerequisite for vegetative sand control. Sand barriers can reduce near-surface wind speeds, increase surface roughness, and prevent sand particles from being eroded. Simultaneously, they can intercept sand particles in wind-blown sand flows, reduce the sand-carrying capacity of the two-phase wind-blown sand flow, generate surface deposition, promote sand particle refinement, and improve soil properties.

[0050] It should be understood that the term "biological sand barrier," as used in this article, is defined as a sand barrier measure that combines living vegetation or vegetation and non-vegetation materials. It utilizes the drought-resistant adaptability of vegetation to alleviate the instability of the sand surface, thereby achieving the effect of windbreak and sand fixation. This method is not only environmentally friendly but also has certain economic value. Selecting suitable vegetation based on the soil conditions of different regions can not only efficiently solve wind and sand disasters but also generate economic benefits. Furthermore, the fallen leaves of plants can accumulate humus, thereby improving the particle composition of the sandy soil, which is conducive to vegetation growth, fundamentally solving the problem of sand damage, and effectively stabilizing wind and sand.

[0051] It should be understood that the term "mechanical sand barrier" as used in this article refers to a sand barrier made of readily available, diverse, and inexpensive materials (such as straw, clay, tree and shrub branches, gravel, etc.) that increases the roughness of the sand surface and alters the intensity of wind action. Mechanical sand barriers play a crucial role in desertification control.

[0052] It should be understood that the term "carbon source" as used in this article is defined as a carbon-based nutrient used to supply microorganisms and plants for absorption and utilization.

[0053] It should be understood that the term "nitrogen source" as used in this article is defined as nitrogenous nutrients used to supply microorganisms and plants for absorption and utilization.

[0054] It should be understood that the term "chestnut calcareous soil" as used in this article is defined as calcareous soil formed under temperate semi-arid continental climate and dry steppe vegetation through humus accumulation and calcareous deposition processes, characterized by a distinct chestnut-colored humus layer and calcium carbonate deposition layer.

[0055] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier. The structure of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier after installation is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it involves the outer packaging of the sand barrier 1, plants 2, rainfall 3, soil 4, filler and sand mixture 5, and crested wheatgrass seeds 6.

[0058] This three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is 1 meter long and 10 centimeters in diameter, with a cylindrical shape. The outer packaging material of the sand barrier is biodegradable jute fiber (jute fiber has the following morphology). Figure 2 As shown), the weave is 26×26 holes. Wheatgrass seeds 6 and filling material are mixed with sand mixture 5 and placed in the outer packaging 1 of the sand barrier. As rainfall 3 seeps into the sand barrier, the wheatgrass seeds 6 germinate and sprout. The sprouts emerge from the top of the sand barrier through the gaps in the outer packaging 1 and gradually grow into plants 2; the roots penetrate the soil 4 from below through the gaps in the outer packaging 1. The plants, through their seedlings and roots embedded in the outer packaging 1, firmly fix the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier to the soil or sand surface, acting as an anchor for the sand barrier and preventing it from being blown away or displaced by strong winds. Simultaneously, the plant roots embedded in the outer packaging 1 also protect the plant roots from wind and sand erosion. Plant-sand barrier anchoring composite structure (greenhouse experiment) as shown. Figure 3 As shown.

[0059] In this embodiment, the filler and sand are mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 1:4 and then packaged into the outer packaging 1 of the sand barrier. The filler is a mixture of granite tailings (mineral powder), granite tailings powder after high-temperature treatment (activated powder), residue from the extraction of matrine from bitter bean seeds (bitter bean residue), sheep manure, straw powder, and modified corn starch, granulated in a specific ratio. The use of these raw materials to prepare the filler is mainly to reduce costs through the resource utilization of solid waste. Based on the total mass of the filler as 100%, the addition amounts are: mineral powder 73%, activated powder 8%, modified corn starch 2%, straw powder 2%, bitter bean residue 6%, and sheep manure 9%. The mineral powder and activated mineral powder provide mineral nutrients for the plants, the modified corn starch acts as a binder, the straw powder provides a carbon source, the bitter bean residue provides a nitrogen source, and the sheep manure provides various nutrients.

[0060] Mix the crested wheatgrass seeds 6 and the filling material with the sand mixture 5 and pack them into the outer packaging 1 of the sand barrier. The filling material and sand mixture amount is 12kg, and the filling amount of seeds is sufficient to meet the crested wheatgrass sowing rate of 3kg / mu during the laying.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] This embodiment provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, wherein the outer packaging material of the sand barrier is biodegradable jute fiber with a weave of 35×35 pores. Figure 2 Except for the above, everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This embodiment provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the amount of modified corn starch added is 3% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0065] Comparative Example 1

[0066] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of modified corn starch added is 1% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of modified corn starch added is 5% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of modified corn starch added is 7% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0071] Comparative Example 4

[0072] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of sheep manure added is 12% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0073] Comparative Example 5

[0074] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of sheep manure added is 15% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0075] Comparative Example 6

[0076] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of straw powder added is 20% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0077] Comparative Example 7

[0078] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of straw powder added is 30% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0079] Comparative Example 8

[0080] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of straw powder added is 40% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0081] Comparative Example 9

[0082] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of straw powder added is 50% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0083] Comparative Example 10

[0084] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of granite tailings (mineral powder) added is 69% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0085] Comparative Example 11

[0086] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of granite tailings (mineral powder) added is 61% based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%.

[0087] Comparative Example 12

[0088] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier. Except for the addition of 11% of granite tailings powder (activated powder) after high-temperature treatment, which is calculated based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%, the other aspects are the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 13

[0090] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier. Except for the addition of 13% of granite tailings powder (activated powder) after high-temperature treatment, which is calculated based on the total mass of the filling material as 100%, the other aspects are the same as in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 14

[0092] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, which is the same as Example 1 except that the diameter of the sand barrier is 20cm and the filling amount of the mixture of filling material and sand is 25kg.

[0093] Comparative Example 15

[0094] This comparative example provides a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, except that the sand barrier filling material and sand-soil mixture 5 does not contain filling material and only contains 12kg of sand-soil, otherwise it is the same as Example 1.

[0095] Experimental results: The three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers prepared in Examples 1-3, with the infiltration of rainfall 3, not only gradually infiltrate the carbon and nitrogen sources in the filling material from the bottom of the sand barrier outer packaging 1 into the soil 4, but also gradually diffuse and accumulate in the soil 4 over time and with rainfall infiltration, promoting the improvement of soil fertility in sandy and desert areas. Furthermore, combining the laying of the sand barrier, plant growth, and the soil-improving effect of rainfall infiltration, the sand barriers of this embodiment, after being deployed in desertified land in the field, will form a three-dimensional functional sand barrier structure of "windbreak at the top, sand interception in the middle, and soil restoration at the bottom." "Windbreak at the top" means that the above-ground parts of the plants sway with the wind, slowing down the wind speed; "sand interception in the middle" means that the sand barrier, as the middle part of the overall structure, can intercept sand particles carried by the wind and bring them to the side of the sand barrier; "soil restoration at the bottom" means that the contact surface between the sand barrier and the soil will continuously diffuse into the soil with rainfall infiltration and the slow leaching of the filling material; at the same time, the root exudates produced by plant growth will also collect and diffuse into the soil, increasing the nutrient content of the barren sandy soil and playing a role in soil restoration. The so-called functional sand barrier means that the sand barrier of this invention not only prevents wind and fixes sand, but also protects plant roots from wind erosion, promotes plant root growth, maintains soil moisture in the rhizosphere, and promotes the improvement of soil nutrients below the sand barrier.

[0096] Tableting tests were conducted on the fillers of Examples 1 and 3, and Comparative Examples 1-3, at a compression pressure of 40 MPa, and solids disintegration tests were performed on each. The solids disintegration test method is as follows: a cylindrical solid block with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 5 mm was added to 100 ml of water, and the readings were recorded at 10 min, 3 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The solid block with 1% starch content disintegrated instantly upon entering the water. The solid blocks with 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7% starch content could maintain their cylindrical shape for 8 h when the water was left to stand still. After 8 h, with slight shaking of the water, the solid block with 5% starch content could retain 1 / 2 of its cylindrical shape, and the solid block with 7% starch content could retain 2 / 3 of its cylindrical shape.

[0097] Examples 1 and 3, and Comparative Examples 1-3, all showed good formability after tableting in laboratory tests. However, the amount of modified corn starch added in Comparative Example 1 was too low, causing the filler to fail to bond and form properly after tableting tests on a large production line. Furthermore, the tablets formed in the laboratory also rapidly disintegrated upon contact with water. The fillers in Examples 1 and 3, and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, all showed good formability after tableting tests in both the laboratory and on large production lines. While Comparative Examples 2 and 3 could form properly, the high amount of modified corn starch resulted in higher costs. The goal was to ensure that the filler blocks could form properly and disintegrate slowly (the disintegration pattern was as follows). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, since the functional sand barrier will not move in the water even when it rains after it is laid, the amount of starch added is 2%-3% to meet the bonding requirements, and the amount of modified starch added is 2%-3% to better control the cost.

[0098] Compared to Example 1, the proportion of sheep manure or straw powder added in Comparative Examples 4-9 was too high, leading to difficulties in mechanized granulation in the factory. Comparative Examples 10-11 reduced the amount of mineral powder added. In the germination and cultivation experiments of *Hedysarum heterotropoides*, amaranth, and *Gnaphalium affine* seeds, the germination rates of *Hedysarum heterotropoides*, amaranth, and *Gnaphalium affine* on the 10th day after sowing were 67%, 90%, and 87%, respectively, in the filler and sand mixture of Example 1; 64%, 90%, and 85%, respectively, in the filler and sand mixture of Comparative Example 10; and 57%, 86%, and 80%, respectively, in the filler and sand mixture of Comparative Example 11. The sand barrier filler of this invention is more conducive to plant seed germination.

[0099] In 2025, a 100-mu (approximately 6.7 hectares) three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier experiment was conducted in the Mu Us Desert. The local soil pH was measured to be between 5.38 and 7.93, with most plots showing a pH value concentrated between 5.38 and 6.90. In Comparative Examples 12 and 13, due to the high addition of activated mineral powder, the pH of the filler and sand mixture in Comparative Examples 12 and 13 was 9.01 and 9.49, respectively. Compared to 8.32 in Example 1, this pH was excessively alkaline and unfavorable for plant growth. The finished filler materials for Examples 1 and 2 are shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0100] Twenty tons of the sand barrier filling material from Example 1 and Comparative Example 14 were outsourced to a factory for processing and transported to the Mu Us Desert. Wheatgrass seeds were sown at a rate of 3 kg / mu. The wheatgrass seeds, filling material, and sand were mixed thoroughly and then packaged into the outer packaging of the sand barriers from Example 1 and Comparative Example 14. A flowchart of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier laying process is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the functional sand barrier laying process includes unloading the filler material, mixing the filler material with sand and seeds, filling it into the functional sand barriers, sealing the sand barriers, loading it onto trucks, and transporting it to the mobile sand area for laying. The laying process is carried out at intervals of 4m... 2 A three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is laid flat in the shifting sand. The specifications of the functional sand barriers laid in Example 1 and Comparative Example 14 are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, these two types of sand barriers cover 100 mu (approximately 6.7 hectares) of the Mu Us Desert (the area and location of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers are shown in the figure). Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the coordinates are: N38.945470, E108.491540, H1369.10m. The functional sand barrier of Comparative Example 14, with a diameter of 20cm and a length of 1m, weighed 25kg when filled with the mixture, posing significant difficulties for loading, transportation, and installation. Because the sand surface of the shifting sand is relatively soft, it is difficult for overloaded vehicles to drive onto the dunes, and it is even more difficult for workers to carry the load up the dunes. The sand barrier of Example 1, with a diameter of 10cm, a length of 1m, and a weight of 12kg, avoids this problem.

[0101] The sand barriers in Examples 1-3 form a three-dimensional structure of "windbreak at the top, sand interception in the middle, and soil improvement at the bottom," which can reduce wind erosion, intercept physical clay particles in the soil, and improve soil fertility through filler, thus promoting soil function recovery. Two months after the functional sand barriers were installed, robust Leymus chinensis grew on the previously barren shifting sand. The field deployment of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers (75 days after installation) is as follows. Figure 9 As shown. The effect before and after laying of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier (45 days after laying). Figure 10 As shown.

[0102] Forty-five days after the ecological functional sand barriers of Examples 1-3 were laid, a large amount of soil adhered to the roots of the creeping privet after the sand barriers were lifted. The soil adhesion of the creeping privet roots to the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers is as follows. Figure 11As shown in the figure, the soil texture is relatively sticky, suggesting that the soil is rich in polysaccharides. Therefore, the rhizosphere soil of *Leymus chinensis* was collected and compared with the rhizosphere soil of *Leymus chinensis* under sand barriers without added filling material, and the polysaccharide content was determined.

[0103] The content of rhizosphere soil polysaccharides in *Leymus chinensis* with and without filler (F, Example 1) was determined by measuring the content of rhizosphere soil polysaccharides in *Leymus chinensis* without filler (CK, Comparative Example 15). Figure 12 As shown, lowercase letters represent P <0.05 significance level, uppercase letters represent P (At a significance level of <0.01), the filler significantly increased the polysaccharide content in the rhizosphere soil of *Elymus sibiricum*, with 0.63 mg of polysaccharide per gram of soil. Studies have shown that for every 1 g increase in polysaccharide per kilogram of soil, the soil moisture content can increase by 13.4%. In this invention, the polysaccharide content in the rhizosphere soil of *Elymus sibiricum* in the sand barrier without filler (Comparative Example 15) was 0.39 mg / g, or 0.39 g / kg, while the polysaccharide content in the sand barrier with filler (Example 1) was 0.63 g / kg. The polysaccharide content in the rhizosphere soil of *Elymus sibiricum* in Example 1 was 0.24 g / kg higher than that in Comparative Example 15, which translates to a 3.22% increase in moisture content. In barren and arid sandy environments, water scarcity is extremely prominent, and even a small increase in water is crucial for plant growth. Furthermore, polysaccharides can effectively bind soil particles, promote soil colloid formation, and increase soil aggregate content, which has profound significance for soil organic matter formation. At the same time, it provides protection for plants to retain water in the rhizosphere to survive in arid and harsh environments.

[0104] Furthermore, assuming a total rainfall of 450 mm in the Mu Us Desert in 2025, the water use efficiency of *Leymus chinensis* in Example 1 and Comparative Example 15 was calculated (the water use efficiency of *Leymus chinensis* was compared with that of *Leymus chinensis* in Example 1 and Comparative Example 15). Figure 13 (As shown). The water use efficiency of *Leymus chinensis* in Example 1 was 4.29%, which was significantly higher than the water use efficiency of 1.24% in Comparative Example 15.

[0105] The dry weight ratio of the roots and above-ground parts of *Leymus chinensis* is as follows: Figure 14 As shown, CK represents the dry weight of the roots and aboveground parts of *Elymus sibiricum* in Comparative Example 15, and F represents the dry weight of the roots and aboveground parts of *Elymus sibiricum* in Example 1; lowercase letters represent... P <0.05 significance level, uppercase letters represent P <0.01 significance level. Analysis of the dry weight of *Leymus chinensis* roots revealed that the addition of infill material significantly increased the biomass of *Leymus chinensis* roots, thereby enhancing the anchoring effect of the plant roots. Simultaneously, it also significantly increased the aboveground biomass of *Leymus chinensis*, thereby improving its ability to intercept soil clay particles, enhancing wind erosion control, and promoting soil function recovery.

[0106] In Example 1, soil parameters were measured 45 days after the installation of the three-dimensional ecological sand barrier, both under and on the sides of the barrier. Sampling locations and methods were as follows: Figure 15 As shown in the figure. Soil layers of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm below the barrier, and soil layers of 0-2 cm and 2-4 cm on the side of the barrier, were collected respectively for analysis of nutrient infiltration and diffusion in functional sand barriers.

[0107] Nutrient distribution below and to the sides of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is as follows: Figure 16 As shown. Analysis of soil indices under and beside functional sand barriers ( P <0.05) as shown in Table 1. (See Table 1) Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, there were no significant differences in organic matter content and pH changes around the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, but significant differences were observed in available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and polysaccharides. The content of available nitrogen was significantly higher in the 0-5 cm soil layer below and on the sides of the barrier than in the 5-10 cm soil layer. After 45 days of installation, the roots of *Leymus chinensis* were mainly distributed in the 0-5 cm soil layer, leading to the diffusion and infiltration of available nitrogen. The polysaccharide content was significantly higher in the 0-5 cm soil layer (0-2 cm on the sides of the barrier) than in other soil layers, indicating that polysaccharide content was mainly distributed through diffusion. The available phosphorus content was significantly higher in the 5-10 cm soil layer than in the 0-5 cm soil layer, indicating that in the main root distribution area (0-5 cm), plant growth preferentially utilized the available phosphorus in the upper soil layer, leading to a short-term decrease in the available phosphorus content in the upper soil layer, while the available phosphorus in the lower soil layer remained unconsumed. Long-term monitoring suggests that the effect of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier on the available phosphorus content of the soil may change significantly. Furthermore, these results further illustrate the significant effect of the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier on increasing the content of available nitrogen and polysaccharides in the soil. Nitrogen, as the primary macronutrient required for plant growth, not only did not decrease during the rapid growth period of plants, but also significantly increased the content of available nitrogen in the main root distribution area. This indicates that the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier plays a key role in increasing soil available nitrogen, which is of great value for the future utilization of nitrogen-deficient barren sandy land as forage.

[0108] Table 1

[0109] The three-dimensional sand barrier structure of this invention not only protects plant roots from wind erosion but also provides anchoring. This sand barrier provides nutrients to promote root development (strengthening anchoring), promotes above-ground growth (enhancing wind resistance), increases rhizosphere soil polysaccharide content, improves rhizosphere water retention (promoting plant survival and growth in arid regions), and promotes soil aggregate formation (soil improvement) and nitrogen content (soil improvement). All materials used in this invention's sand barrier are environmentally friendly, and the filling material is derived from the resource utilization and high-value utilization of solid waste in Inner Mongolia, creating an environmentally friendly protection system with broad application prospects.

[0110] The above embodiments illustrate and describe the main features and advantages of the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, wherein, The sand barrier is made of a long tube of natural plant fiber fabric. The contents of the sand barrier include filler and sand, which are mixed before being filled into the sand barrier. The filler consists of granite tailings powder, mineral powder obtained by high-temperature treatment of granite tailings powder, residue after extracting matrine from bitter bean seeds, sheep manure, straw powder, and modified corn starch.

2. The three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the total mass of the filler, it includes 70-80% granite tailings powder, 3-10% high-temperature treated granite tailings powder, 5-7% residue from the extraction of matrine from bitter bean seeds, 8-10% sheep manure, 1-3% straw powder, and 2-3% modified corn starch; preferably, it consists of 73% granite tailings powder, 8% high-temperature treated granite tailings powder, 6% residue from the extraction of matrine from bitter bean seeds, 9% sheep manure, 2% straw powder, and 2% modified corn starch. Preferably, the high-temperature treatment is performed at 196°C for 12 hours.

3. The three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier according to claim 1, wherein, The volume ratio of the filler to the sand is 1:

4.

4. The three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier according to claim 1, wherein, The total mass of the filling material and sand in each three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is 8-15 kg.

5. The three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier according to claim 1, wherein, The natural plant fiber fabric is jute fiber fabric; preferably, the length of the long tube is 0.8-1.2m and the diameter is 8-12cm.

6. The three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier according to claim 5, wherein, The jute fiber fabric has a weave count of 26×26-35×35.

7. A method for treating desertified land, wherein the method uses the sand barrier as described in any one of claims 1-6 to treat the desertified land, and the method treats the desertified land from three aspects: windbreak and sand fixation, vegetation restoration and soil remediation.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The method includes preparing a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier and laying out a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier; The steps for preparing the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier are as follows: mix the filling material, sand and plant seeds evenly, pour them into a long tube made of natural plant fiber fabric and seal it. Preferably, the plant seed is crested wheatgrass seed; The method for laying out three-dimensional ecological functional sand barriers includes the flat-laying method; Preferably, the flat-laying configuration method involves laying a three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier flat in each unit area of ​​quicksand.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, After laying the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier, the amount of plant seeds sown in the three-dimensional ecological functional sand barrier is 2-4 kg / mu of shifting sand.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The unit area is 2-4m² 2 .

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