Land oil and gas extraction wellhead state real-time monitoring device based on 5G wireless communication

Abstract

The invention provides a land oil and gas production wellhead state real-time monitoring device based on 5G wireless communication, and relates to the technical field of 5G wireless communication and land wellhead safety equipment.The real-time monitoring device comprises a detection end used for collecting wellhead state information in real time, and the wellhead state information comprises satellite direct signals and satellite reflection signals; the wireless transmission end is connected with the detection end and is used for wirelessly transmitting the wellhead state information; and the server end is connected with the wireless transmission end and is used for receiving the wellhead state information. The device is simple, stable, passive and small in size, is based on a navigation satellite, and carries out wellhead safety state monitoring by using a positioning technology and a D2D wireless communication technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 5G wireless communication and onshore wellhead safety equipment technology, specifically to a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication. Background Technology

[0002] In onshore oil and gas extraction, the wellhead is the hub of oil and gas production, and its basic structure is a rigid body. Due to the constant impact of operation and the development environment, the wellhead is subject to stress fatigue. In particular, as the service life of the wellhead increases, structural damage may occur in parts such as the wellhead pile foundation, affecting the safe and stable operation of the wellhead.

[0003] Currently, wellhead safety status assessment mainly relies on periodic safety inspections, typically once a year, which has two shortcomings:

[0004] Firstly, the long interval between inspections raises the possibility that fatigue damage may occur at the wellhead due to external loads during the interval between inspections, thereby increasing the likelihood of accidents under extremely harsh conditions.

[0005] Secondly, the wellhead periodic inspections are conducted under favorable land conditions, lacking inspection data under adverse land conditions. The wellhead safety assessments under adverse land conditions are all based on numerical simulations, which are incomplete.

[0006] Real-time continuous monitoring of wellhead deformation and sway can reflect the wellhead's safety status throughout its entire lifecycle. There are already cases of monitoring using inertial navigation, fiber optics, and other means, but these methods also have some limitations, such as origin drift, complex modeling, insufficient correlation between external load and land condition, and difficulty in optimizing and correcting early warning indicators.

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the problems of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to monitor the safety status of the overall structure of land wellheads in real time and to provide early warning of wellhead deformation under high loads.

[0009] This invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication, the real-time monitoring device comprising:

[0010] The detection end is used to collect wellhead status information in real time, wherein the wellhead status information includes direct satellite signals and reflected satellite signals;

[0011] A wireless transmission terminal, which is connected to the detection terminal, is used to wirelessly transmit the wellhead status information;

[0012] The server side is connected to the wireless transmission terminal and is used to receive the wellhead status information.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection end includes an antenna, which includes a direct antenna and a reflective antenna, wherein the direct antenna and the reflective antenna are used to collect the direct satellite signal and the reflected satellite signal, respectively.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection end further includes a bracket, wherein the direct antenna is fixed at the top of the bracket, the reflective antenna is fixed at a predetermined distance below the top of the bracket, and the reflective antenna is tilted downward at 30°.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection end further includes a signal distributor connected to the direct antenna for multiplexing the satellite direct signal.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection end further includes a signal processing unit, which is connected to the reflective antenna, the signal distributor, and the wireless transmission end, for converting the satellite direct signal and the satellite reflected signal into digital intermediate frequency signals.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection end further includes a wellhead positioning integrated processor, which is connected to the signal distributor and the wireless transmission end, for equipment positioning, real-time monitoring and data acquisition, automatic control of operating parameters, and wellhead safety protection, so as to ensure the efficient, safe and stable operation of the drilling process.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the wireless transmission terminal includes a 5G wireless communication module, which is connected to the signal processing unit and the wellhead positioning processing unit respectively via an electrical connection anti-interference flexible cable.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the wireless transmission terminal further includes a high-gain antenna connected to the 5G wireless communication module.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the wireless transmission terminal further includes: a base station, which is connected to the 5G wireless communication module and also connected to the server via the Internet.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the server includes: a data server, which is used for data storage and simultaneously processes request instructions from users and field equipment to provide data upload and download services to users.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the server includes a web server for receiving external requests, using the Internet as a transmission medium, and allowing users and field devices to access the web server.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the server side further includes: an application server, which acts as an interaction medium between the user and the database.

[0024] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication is also provided, executed by the apparatus described in any of the preceding claims, the method comprising:

[0025] The wellhead status information is collected in real time through the detection terminal, wherein the wellhead status information includes direct satellite signals and reflected satellite signals;

[0026] The wellhead status information is wirelessly transmitted via the wireless transmission terminal connected to the detection terminal.

[0027] The server receives the wellhead status information through the wireless transmission terminal.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:

[0029] The satellite direct signal and the satellite reflected signal are respectively processed by the radio frequency front end for frequency conversion, filtering and gain control to obtain direct and reflected radio frequency signals;

[0030] The direct and reflected radio frequency signals are converted into direct and reflected digital intermediate frequency signals by a high-speed A / D converter, respectively, and then the data stream is generated by an A / D quantization decoder to obtain the original data of the direct and reflected signals.

[0031] For the raw data of the direct signal, a leading-instantaneous-lagging direct channel structure is adopted. By cooperating with the DSP to complete code and carrier tracking, the satellite positioning and tracking are completed, and the direct signal correlation value information is obtained. The direct signal correlation value information includes the satellite PRN number, satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle information.

[0032] For the original data of the reflected signal, under the combined action of the Doppler control word and the carrier control word, local carriers with different Dopplers are generated. Carrier stripping is performed in the reflected signal channel, and the C / A code of the corresponding direct channel is directly reused. The delay of the C / A code of the reflected channel is realized through the shift register, and C / A code correlation operation is performed to generate complex-form time-delayed two-dimensional correlation values ​​of Doppler.

[0033] Based on the relevant value information of the direct signal, the wellhead's own sway information is obtained through positioning calculation and sway processing;

[0034] Based on the aforementioned time-delay Doppler two-dimensional correlation values, the land information of the wellhead load is obtained through model calculation.

[0035] According to another aspect of the invention, a storage medium is also provided, which includes instructions for performing the methods described in any of the preceding claims.

[0036] This invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0037] 1) The equipment is simple, stable, passive, and small in size. Based on navigation satellites, it utilizes both positioning and D2D wireless communication technologies for wellhead safety status monitoring. Both technologies share a single direct-fire antenna 1, ensuring consistent timing between their respective systems. GNSS-R correlation data and differential GNSS message data are obtained from the front end, with intermediate data transmission speeds less than 50MB / s. This intermediate data is transmitted to a remote data center server via a 5G wireless communication module 9. The data center then calculates external load environmental and swaying product data. This allows for rapid data processing with extremely limited front-end computing resources, while the back-end has abundant computing resources to quickly calculate product data. This satisfies both the real-time monitoring and data linkage requirements and facilitates the optimization and iteration of various numerical models.

[0038] 2) The structure of this invention is simple and reasonable. The front-end receivers for wellhead positioning and load inversion operate basically independently. The equipment is stable, passive, has low maintenance costs, and is easy to install. In terms of wellhead status monitoring, it realizes real-time online linkage monitoring of wellhead sway and external load environment and early warning of wellhead safety status. It has good practical effects in supporting land wellhead safety detection, life extension assessment, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of wellheads.

[0039] 3) This invention can fuse wellhead sway data and corresponding load data, not only monitoring real-time data of various elements, but also establishing a sway and load mapping model through correlation analysis of wellhead sway and corresponding load, thereby effectively identifying abnormal sway and establishing a wellhead safety status early warning mechanism.

[0040] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a signal synthesis processor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Figure 4 This illustration shows an interaction between cellular users via D2D communication according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates the steps of a method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. Also, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0048] In the attached diagram, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows: Detection end - 100; Wireless transmission end - 200; Server end - 300; Right-handed direct antenna - 1; Bracket - 2; Left-handed reflective antenna - 3; Signal distributor - 4; Signal processing unit - 5; Wellhead positioning processing unit - 6; Outdoor cabinet unit - 7; High-gain antenna - 8; Wireless update module - 9; Base station - 10; Data server - 11; Web server - 12; Application server - 13; Internet - 14; Coaxial cable - 15. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] In onshore oil and gas extraction, the wellhead is the hub of oil and gas production, and its basic structure is a rigid body. Due to the constant impact of operation and the development environment, the wellhead is subject to stress fatigue. In particular, as the service life of the wellhead increases, structural damage may occur in parts such as the wellhead pile foundation, affecting the safe and stable operation of the wellhead.

[0051] Currently, wellhead safety status assessment mainly relies on periodic safety inspections, typically once a year, which has two shortcomings:

[0052] Firstly, the long interval between inspections raises the possibility that fatigue damage may occur at the wellhead due to external loads during the interval between inspections, thereby increasing the likelihood of accidents under extremely harsh conditions.

[0053] Secondly, the wellhead periodic inspections are conducted under favorable land conditions, lacking inspection data under adverse land conditions. The wellhead safety assessments under adverse land conditions are all based on numerical simulations, which are incomplete.

[0054] Real-time continuous monitoring of wellhead deformation and sway can reflect the wellhead's safety status throughout its entire lifecycle. There are already cases of monitoring using inertial navigation, fiber optics, and other means, but these methods also have some limitations, such as origin drift, complex modeling, insufficient correlation between external load and land condition, and difficulty in optimizing and correcting early warning indicators.

[0055] Since the 1980s, my country's onshore oilfields have gradually developed on a large scale. In recent years, more and more wellheads have exceeded their initial design life. At the same time, with global warming, the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are increasing, and the safety risks faced by onshore wellheads are significantly increasing. There is an urgent need to carry out synchronous and linked monitoring of the wellhead condition and its onshore external load environment, to grasp the real-time safety status of the wellhead and its shock response under hazardous weather conditions, so as to support more comprehensive and rigorous risk assessment and scientific decision-making.

[0056] The prior art (202123104706.7) relates to the field of offshore platform safety equipment technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring device for the status of an offshore oil platform. This device, deployed on an offshore oil platform, includes a direct antenna, a reflective antenna, a signal distributor, a reflective signal processing unit, a platform positioning processing unit, and a wireless communication module. It can monitor the overall structural safety status of the offshore platform in real time and provide early warnings of platform deformation under high loads, improving the control over the identification of the platform's safety status. It also provides long-term continuous monitoring data throughout the platform's lifecycle for regular safety inspections, supporting platform safety assessments and life extension assessments.

[0057] Prior art (201810962493.5) provides a condition monitoring device for a steel platform, the steel platform including a frame structure and a support device; the condition monitoring device includes: a first condition monitoring unit for real-time monitoring of the frame structure and acquiring monitoring data of the frame structure; and / or, a second condition monitoring unit for real-time monitoring of the support device and acquiring monitoring data of the support device. A condition monitoring and control system and a condition monitoring and control method are also provided. Based on the monitoring data, the system performs real-time control of the steel platform, realizing real-time monitoring and control of the steel platform, ensuring that the steel platform's state is always known and controllable, greatly improving the safety of the steel platform.

[0058] Existing technology (202011001170.3) provides an acoustic monitoring method for the operational status of an ultra-large floating wellhead. The method is characterized by its application to a floating wellhead operational status monitoring system, which includes: a wellhead, multiple seabed depth acoustic measuring instruments, multiple sea surface height acoustic measuring instruments, seabed sediment acoustic measuring instruments, and attitude measurement sensors. The corresponding acoustic monitoring method includes the following steps: controlling the attitude measurement sensors to measure the wellhead and obtain measurement attitude data; obtaining a wellhead fitting plane based on the measurement attitude data; obtaining the absolute attitude data of the wellhead based on the attitude of the wellhead fitting plane within the coordinate system of the wellhead; controlling each sea surface height acoustic measuring instrument to measure the sea surface and obtain... The process involves: obtaining height data from the sea surface measurement points; obtaining a sea surface fitting plane based on the height data; obtaining sea surface state data by comparing the sea surface fitting plane with the wellhead fitting plane; controlling each seabed depth acoustic measuring instrument to measure the seabed and obtain depth data from the seabed measurement points; obtaining a seabed fitting plane based on the depth data; obtaining seabed state data by comparing the seabed fitting plane with the wellhead fitting plane; controlling a seabed sediment acoustic measuring instrument to measure the seabed and obtain seabed stratification and sediment type data; and obtaining wellhead operation status data based on the relationship between the absolute attitude data, the sea surface state data, the seabed state data, the seabed stratification and sediment type data, and the operation status data.

[0059] The existing technology (Xiang Kai, Xian Minyuan, Jiang Aiguo, et al. Application of equipment condition monitoring technology in semi-submersible drilling platforms [J]. Equipment Management and Maintenance, 2022, (07)) proposes an online monitoring system for key equipment of semi-submersible drilling platforms. It adopts a distributed monitoring system combining edge and cloud, which can monitor the operating status of key parts of key equipment online and realize the integrated management and transmission of multi-source status parameters. It applies a condition-adaptive intelligent diagnostic method based on signal processing technologies such as spectrum, envelope spectrum, and wavelet transform to help discover early warning signs of failure in key parts, provide a reference for timely equipment maintenance, ensure the normal operation of key equipment, and promote the transition of on-site equipment management from patrol inspection and periodic inspection to long-term continuous monitoring, condition and predictive maintenance.

[0060] In summary, the existing technologies mentioned above cannot solve the problems of origin drift, complex modeling, insufficient correlation between external load and land condition, and difficulty in optimizing and correcting early warning indicators when using inertial navigation and fiber optic methods for monitoring. Therefore, this invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads. This invention is a synchronous linkage detection device for wellhead sway and the external load environment, based on the integration of satellite navigation and positioning technology and 5G wireless communication technology. It can monitor the safety status of the overall structure of the onshore wellhead in real time and provide early warnings for wellhead deformation under high loads, improving the control over the identification of wellhead safety status. It also provides long-term continuous monitoring data throughout the entire life cycle for regular wellhead safety inspections, supporting wellhead safety assessment and life extension assessment.

[0061] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication includes: a detection terminal 100, a wireless transmission terminal 200, and a server terminal 300. The detection terminal 100 is used to collect wellhead status information in real time, including direct satellite signals and reflected satellite signals. The wireless transmission terminal 200 is connected to the detection terminal 100 and is used to wirelessly transmit the wellhead status information. The server terminal 300 is connected to the wireless transmission terminal 200 and is used to receive the wellhead status information.

[0063] Compared to existing technologies such as inertial navigation and fiber optics, this invention offers unique advantages by combining GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and GNSS-R (GNSS-reflectometry or GNSS-remote) technologies to synchronously detect wellhead sway and environmental loads. Specifically, this invention uses GNSS to collect direct satellite signals, reflecting the wellhead's own sway information, and uses GNSS-R to collect reflected satellite signals, reflecting the land load information around the wellhead. This solves the problems of origin drift, complex modeling, insufficient correlation between land load and environmental load, and difficulty in optimizing and correcting early warning indicators that exist in existing technologies such as inertial navigation and fiber optics.

[0064] Furthermore, this invention is based on navigation satellites and utilizes their positioning technology and D2D wireless communication technology for wellhead safety status monitoring. The equipment is simple, stable, passive, and small in size. This invention fuses wellhead sway data and corresponding load data, monitors real-time data of various elements, establishes a sway and load mapping model, effectively distinguishes abnormal sway, and establishes a wellhead safety status early warning mechanism.

[0065] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, the detection end 100 includes an antenna, which includes a direct antenna 1 and a reflective antenna 3. The direct antenna 1 and the reflective antenna 3 are used to collect satellite direct signals and satellite reflected signals, respectively.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the detection end 100 also includes a bracket 2, wherein the direct antenna 1 is fixed at the top of the bracket 2, and the reflective antenna 3 is fixed at a predetermined distance below the top of the bracket 2, with the reflective antenna 3 tilted downward at 30°. Specifically, the direct antenna 1 is fixed at the top of the bracket 2, and the reflective antenna 3 is fixed 20 cm below the top of the bracket 2, with the reflective antenna 3 having an elevation angle of 30°.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the detection end 100 also includes a signal distributor 4, which is connected to the direct antenna 1 and is used to perform multiplexing of the satellite direct signal.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the detection end 100 also includes a signal processing unit 5, which is connected to the reflective antenna 3, the signal distributor 4, and the wireless transmission end 200, and is used to convert the satellite direct signal and the satellite reflected signal into digital intermediate frequency signal.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, the detection end 100 also includes a wellhead positioning integrated processor 6, which is connected to the signal distributor 4 and the wireless transmission end 200. It is used for equipment positioning, real-time monitoring and data acquisition, automatic control of operating parameters, and wellhead safety protection to ensure efficient, safe and stable operation of the drilling process.

[0071] A wellhead positioning and processing unit is a specialized piece of equipment used in oil and gas drilling. It ensures that drilling and wellhead equipment are in the accurate position, collecting and monitoring various wellhead parameters in real time, such as pressure, temperature, and flow rate. Based on this data, it automatically adjusts the operating parameters of relevant equipment, such as adjusting wellhead pressure and controlling fluid flow, to ensure a smooth and safe drilling process. In case of abnormalities, it automatically triggers early warning or protective measures, such as shutting down the wellhead to prevent blowouts or other dangerous situations. The wellhead data is transmitted to the ground monitoring center for analysis and decision-making by operators. Remote monitoring and operation can be achieved through a communication module.

[0072] like Figure 2As shown, the wireless transmission terminal 200 includes a 5G wireless communication module 9, which is connected to the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6 respectively via an electrical connection anti-interference flexible cable (five-core RVVP line).

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the wireless transmission terminal 200 also includes a high-gain antenna 8, which is connected to the 5G wireless communication module 9.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the wireless transmission terminal 200 also includes: a base station 10, which is connected to the 5G wireless communication module 9 and is also connected to the server terminal 300 via the Internet 14.

[0075] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the 5G wireless communication module 9 is connected to a wireless communication antenna. The wireless communication antenna is a high-gain antenna 8. The 5G wireless communication module 9 is connected to the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6 via a five-core RVVP cable. The direct-fire antenna 1 is connected to the signal distributor 4, the signal distributor 4 to the signal processing unit 5, the signal distributor 4 to the wellhead positioning processing unit 6, and the reflector antenna 3 to the signal processing unit 5 via coaxial cables. Furthermore, the direct-fire antenna 1 is a right-handed direct-fire antenna, and the reflector antenna 3 is a left-handed reflector antenna.

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, the server 300 includes: a data server 11, which is used for data storage and also processes request commands from users and field equipment, providing data upload and download services to users.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, the server 300 includes a web server 12, which is used to receive external requests, using the Internet 14 as the transmission medium, and users and field devices can access the web server 12.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, the server-side 300 also includes: an application server 13, which acts as an interaction medium between the user and the database.

[0079] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the direct antenna 1 is connected to the signal distributor 4; the signal distributor 4 is split into two paths and connected to the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6; the reflective antenna 3 is connected to the signal processing unit 5; the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6 are respectively connected to the 5G wireless communication module 9; the 5G wireless communication module 9 is connected to the Internet 14 through the web server 12, the data server 11 and the application server 13.

[0080] In one embodiment, a data server 11, an application server 13, and a web server 12 are deployed in a data center computer room. The data server 11, web server 12, and application server 13 are connected to the Internet 14. An outdoor cabinet 7, a bracket 2, a direct-fire antenna 1, a reflective antenna 3, a signal distributor 4, a signal processing unit 5, a wellhead positioning processing unit 6, a 5G wireless communication module 9, and a high-gain antenna 8 are deployed on the onshore oil wellhead. The outdoor cabinet 7 is fixed to the onshore oil wellhead and is used to install the detection and communication modules. The bracket 2 and the high-gain antenna 8 are fixed to the top surface of the outdoor cabinet 7.

[0081] In one embodiment, the right-handed direct-fire antenna 1 is fixed to the top of the support 2, and the left-handed reflective antenna 3 is fixed 10 cm below the top of the support 2, with the left-handed reflective antenna 3 tilted downwards at a 30° angle. The right-handed direct-fire antenna 1 is communicatively connected to the signal distributor 4, and the left-handed reflective antenna 3 is communicatively connected to the signal processing unit 5. The signal distributor 4 is communicatively connected to the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6. The right-handed direct-fire antenna 1 and the left-handed reflective antenna 3 are used to collect satellite direct signals and left-handed reflected signals, respectively.

[0082] In one embodiment, the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6 are respectively connected to the 5G wireless communication module 9. The 5G wireless communication module 9 is connected to a high-gain antenna 8. The 5G wireless communication module 9 is connected to the Internet 14 through the data server 11, the web server 12 and the application server 13.

[0083] In one embodiment, the signal processing unit 5 converts the satellite direct signal and the left-hand reflected signal collected by the left-hand reflective antenna 3 and the right-hand direct antenna 1 into digital intermediate frequency signals. The 5G wireless communication module 9 is connected to the signal processing unit 5 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6 via a five-core RVVP cable. The direct antenna 1 and the signal distributor 4, the signal distributor 4 and the signal processing unit 5, the signal distributor 4 and the wellhead positioning processing unit 6, and the reflective antenna 3 and the signal processing unit 5 are connected via coaxial cables 15. The 5G wireless communication module 9 transmits the collected satellite positioning signals to the data server 11 and the web server 12 via the Internet 14.

[0084] This invention relates to a real-time monitoring technology for the status of onshore oil wellheads in oil and gas field development. It enables safety early warning for oil and gas development wellheads (well platforms, gas production wellheads), providing a guarantee for safe oil and gas development. Based on navigation satellites, it utilizes both positioning technology and D2D wireless communication technology for wellhead safety status monitoring. The two technologies share a single direct-fire antenna 1, ensuring consistency in time synchronization between their respective systems. GNSS-R correlation data and differential GNSS message data are obtained from the front end, with intermediate data transmission speeds less than 50M per minute. This intermediate data is transmitted to a remote data center server via a wireless transmission terminal 200. At the data center, external load environmental and vibration data are calculated. This allows for rapid data processing with extremely limited front-end computing resources, while the back-end has abundant computing resources to quickly calculate product data. This satisfies both the requirements of real-time monitoring and data linkage, and facilitates the optimization and iteration of various numerical models.

[0085] This invention fuses wellhead sway data and corresponding load data, enabling real-time monitoring of various elements. Furthermore, by analyzing the correlation between wellhead sway and corresponding load, a sway-load mapping model is established, thereby effectively identifying abnormal sway and establishing a wellhead safety status early warning mechanism.

[0086] The invention has a simple and reasonable structure. The front-end receivers for wellhead positioning and load inversion operate basically independently. The equipment is stable, passive, has low maintenance costs, and is easy to install. In terms of wellhead status monitoring, it realizes real-time online linkage monitoring of wellhead sway and external load environment and early warning of wellhead safety status. It has good practical effects in supporting land wellhead safety inspection, life extension assessment, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of wellheads.

[0087] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a signal processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0088] like Figure 3 As shown, the direct and reflected signals are converted, filtered, and gain controlled by the RF front end. The high-speed A / D converter converts the RF signal into direct and reflected digital intermediate frequency signals. The A / D quantization decoder generates a 2-bit data stream, which is the original data of the direct and reflected signals.

[0089] The direct signal processing channel adopts a lead-instant-lag correlation channel structure. By working with the DSP to complete code and carrier tracking, it completes satellite positioning and tracking, and obtains satellite PRN number, satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle information. The 2-bit direct signal is processed by the direct signal processing channel to obtain direct signal correlation value information of 12 channels, which is stored in the buffer. The correlation value information is then used to obtain the direct signal correlation power.

[0090] Under the combined action of the Doppler control word and the carrier control word, the reflected signal carrier generation module generates local carriers with different Doppler values ​​in the reflected signal channel. Carrier stripping is performed in the reflected signal channel, and the C / A code of the corresponding direct channel is directly reused. The delay of the C / A code of the reflected channel is realized through the shift register, and C / A code correlation operations are performed to generate complex-form time-delayed two-dimensional correlation values ​​of Doppler.

[0091] This invention is essentially a front-end data acquisition device for a real-time monitoring device for onshore oil wellheads. The relevant values ​​acquired by the front end are transmitted to the server and then calculated by a specific model into the land information of the wellhead's external load. The acquired satellite positioning messages are transmitted to the server and then processed by positioning calculation and sway algorithm into the wellhead's own sway information.

[0092] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of interaction between cellular users via D2D communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0093] like Figure 4 As shown, the wireless communication terminal 200 uses cellular data for communication. Base station 10, through frequency adjustment, transmits network traffic according to different needs in different locations. The 5G wireless communication module 9 connects to the data server 11, web server 12, and application server 13 through the network established by base station 10, and accesses the Internet 14. The function of data server 11 is to issue operation request commands for data. Web server 12 is used to receive all external requests, using the Internet as the transmission medium; users and field devices can access web application server 12. The function of application server 13 is to act as an interaction point between users and the database.

[0094] This invention relates to a simple, stable, passive, and small-sized device. Based on navigation satellites, it utilizes both positioning and D2D wireless communication technologies for wellhead safety status monitoring. Both technologies share a single direct-fire antenna 1, ensuring consistent timing between their respective systems. GNSS-R correlation data and differential GNSS message data are obtained from the front end, with intermediate data transmission speeds less than 50 Mbps. This intermediate data is wirelessly transmitted to a remote data center server, where external load environmental data and product vibration data are calculated.

[0095] This invention fuses wellhead sway data and corresponding load data, enabling real-time monitoring of various elements. Furthermore, by analyzing the correlation between wellhead sway and corresponding load, a sway-load mapping model is established, effectively identifying abnormal sway and creating a wellhead safety status early warning mechanism.

[0096] The invention has a simple and reasonable structure. The front-end receivers for wellhead positioning and load inversion operate basically independently. The equipment is stable, passive, has low maintenance costs, and is easy to install.

[0097] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication is also provided, which is executed by a device for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication.

[0098] Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates the steps of a method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] like Figure 5 As shown, in step S1, the wellhead status information is collected in real time through the detection terminal 100. The wellhead status information includes satellite direct signals and satellite reflected signals.

[0100] like Figure 5 As shown, in step S2, wellhead status information is wirelessly transmitted through wireless transmission terminal 200 connected to detection terminal 100;

[0101] like Figure 5 As shown, in step S3, wellhead status information is received by server 300 connected to wireless transmission terminal 200.

[0102] In one embodiment, a method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication further includes: satellite direct signals and satellite reflected signals are respectively converted, filtered, and gain-controlled by a radio frequency front-end to obtain direct and reflected radio frequency signals; the direct and reflected radio frequency signals are respectively converted into direct and reflected digital intermediate frequency signals by a high-speed A / D converter, and then a data stream is generated by an A / D quantization decoder to obtain the raw data of the direct and reflected signals; for the raw data of the direct signals, a lead-instantaneous-lag direct channel structure is adopted, and code and carrier tracking is completed in conjunction with a DSP to complete satellite positioning and tracking, thereby obtaining the correlation value information of the direct signals, wherein the direct signal... The correlation information includes the satellite PRN number, satellite elevation angle, and azimuth angle. For the raw reflected signal data, under the combined action of the Doppler control word and the carrier control word, local carriers with different Doppler values ​​are generated. Carrier stripping is performed in the reflected signal channel, and the corresponding direct-spot C / A code is directly reused. The delay of the reflected-spot C / A code is achieved through a shift register, and C / A code correlation operations are performed to generate complex-form time-delay Doppler two-dimensional correlation values. For the direct-spot signal correlation information, wellhead sway information is obtained through positioning calculations and sway processing. For the time-delay Doppler two-dimensional correlation values, land information outside the wellhead is obtained through model calculations.

[0103] In one embodiment, this invention acquires direct satellite signals and left-handed reflected signals. The direct signals are transmitted via channels I and II, while the reflected signals are transmitted via channel III. Channel I signals are similar to traditional GNSS positioning methods, using RTK for positioning within 10 to 20 kilometers of the base station and differential positioning via satellite station for positioning beyond 10 to 20 kilometers. Channels II and III signals are converted to digital intermediate frequency signals via A / D conversion through a radio frequency front-end. The correlation values ​​of the direct and reflected signals are then obtained through multi-channel signal processing and calculation. After a period of data acquisition, an empirical model of the dynamic changes in wellhead sway and external environmental loads is established. Finally, abnormal sway is determined and warned based on corresponding thresholds. The device receives direct signals to achieve positioning calculations, and high-precision positioning results are obtained through differential positioning using multiple satellites. Additionally, information is acquired by receiving and processing reflected signals. GNSS signals are reflected after passing over the land surface, carrying information about the reflecting surface characteristics. The device obtains real-time land conditions such as wind speed and direction, and wave height and direction by acquiring and processing information such as the power and time delay of the reflected signals. The two are matched based on timestamps to obtain the status information of onshore oil wellheads.

[0104] This invention proposes a resource optimization allocation algorithm to achieve dynamic spectrum management and intelligent load balancing. Specifically, for dynamic spectrum management, it incorporates 5G network slicing technology to propose a dynamic spectrum management algorithm that adjusts spectrum resource allocation in real time based on user demand and network load, thereby improving overall system efficiency. For intelligent load balancing, it introduces a machine learning (neural network) algorithm to predict traffic changes based on historical and real-time monitoring data, performing intelligent load balancing to improve network stability and user experience.

[0105] This invention proposes a security mechanism management system, comprising: blockchain-based security authentication and quantum encryption technology. For blockchain-based security authentication, blockchain technology is used to establish a distributed security authentication system, ensuring the reliability and security of communication between devices and preventing data tampering and unauthorized access. For quantum encryption technology, it is combined to provide a higher level of security for critical data transmission, preventing the risks of cracking that may be faced by traditional encryption methods.

[0106] The present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication. This device can also be used in conjunction with a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium stores a computer program, which is executed to run a real-time monitoring method for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication. The computer program can execute computer instructions, which include computer program code. The computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or some intermediate form.

[0107] Computer-readable storage media can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc.

[0108] It should be noted that the contents of computer-readable storage media may be appropriately added to or subtracted from the contents according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in a jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable storage media may not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0109] In summary, this invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0110] 1) The equipment is simple, stable, passive, and small in size. Based on navigation satellites, it utilizes both positioning and D2D wireless communication technologies for wellhead safety status monitoring. Both technologies share a single direct-fire antenna 1, ensuring consistent timing between their respective systems. GNSS-R correlation data and differential GNSS message data are obtained from the front end, with intermediate data transmission speeds less than 50MB / s. This intermediate data is transmitted to a remote data center server via a 5G wireless communication module 9. The data center then calculates external load environmental and swaying product data. This allows for rapid data processing with extremely limited front-end computing resources, while the back-end has abundant computing resources to quickly calculate product data. This satisfies both the real-time monitoring and data linkage requirements and facilitates the optimization and iteration of various numerical models.

[0111] 2) The structure of this invention is simple and reasonable. The front-end receivers for wellhead positioning and load inversion operate basically independently. The equipment is stable, passive, has low maintenance costs, and is easy to install. In terms of wellhead status monitoring, it realizes real-time online linkage monitoring of wellhead sway and external load environment and early warning of wellhead safety status. It has good practical effects in supporting land wellhead safety detection, life extension assessment, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of wellheads.

[0112] 3) This invention can fuse wellhead sway data and corresponding load data, not only monitoring real-time data of various elements, but also establishing a sway and load mapping model through correlation analysis of wellhead sway and corresponding load, thereby effectively identifying abnormal sway and establishing a wellhead safety status early warning mechanism.

[0113] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0114] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0115] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0116] Certain terms are used throughout this application to refer to specific system components. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the same components may often be referred to by different names, and therefore this application is not intended to distinguish those components that differ only in name and not in function. In this application, the terms “comprise,” “include,” and “have” are used in an open-ended manner and should therefore be interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to…”. Furthermore, the terms “substantially,” “materially,” or “approximately” as used herein refer to industry-accepted tolerances for the corresponding terms. The term “coupling,” as may be used herein, includes direct coupling and indirect coupling via additional components, elements, circuits, or modules, wherein, for indirect coupling, the intermediate component, element, circuit, or module does not alter the information of the signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and / or power level. Inferred coupling (e.g., one element is inferredly coupled to another element) includes direct and indirect coupling between two elements in the same manner as “coupling.”

[0117] The phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" used in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0118] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0119] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and variations in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection for this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring device includes: The detection end is used to collect wellhead status information in real time, wherein the wellhead status information includes direct satellite signals and reflected satellite signals; A wireless transmission terminal, which is connected to the detection terminal, is used to wirelessly transmit the wellhead status information; The server side is connected to the wireless transmission terminal and is used to receive the wellhead status information.

2. The real-time monitoring device for onshore oil and gas wellhead status based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection end includes an antenna, which includes a direct antenna and a reflective antenna, wherein the direct antenna and the reflective antenna are used to collect the direct satellite signal and the reflected satellite signal, respectively.

3. The real-time monitoring device for onshore oil and gas wellhead status based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The detection end also includes a bracket, wherein the direct antenna is fixed at the top of the bracket, the reflective antenna is fixed at a predetermined distance below the top of the bracket, and the reflective antenna is tilted downward at 30°.

4. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, The detection end also includes a signal distributor, which is connected to the direct-fire antenna and is used to distribute the satellite direct-fire signal in multiple ways.

5. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The detection end also includes a signal processing unit, which is connected to the reflective antenna, the signal distributor, and the wireless transmission end, for converting the satellite direct signal and the satellite reflected signal into digital intermediate frequency signals.

6. The real-time monitoring device for onshore oil and gas wellhead status based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The detection end also includes a wellhead positioning integrated processing unit, which is connected to the signal distributor and the wireless transmission end. It is used for equipment positioning, real-time monitoring and data acquisition, automatic control of operating parameters, and wellhead safety protection to ensure efficient, safe and stable operation of the drilling process.

7. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The wireless transmission terminal includes a 5G wireless communication module, which is connected to the signal processing unit and the wellhead positioning processing unit respectively via an electrical connection anti-interference flexible cable.

8. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The wireless transmission terminal also includes a high-gain antenna, which is connected to the 5G wireless communication module.

9. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The wireless transmission terminal also includes a base station, which is connected to the 5G wireless communication module and also connected to the server via the Internet.

10. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The server side includes: a data server, which is used for data storage and also processes request commands from users and field equipment, providing users with data upload and download services.

11. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The server side includes a web server, which receives external requests and uses the Internet as the transmission medium, allowing users and field devices to access the web server.

12. A real-time monitoring device for the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The server side also includes an application server, which acts as an interaction medium between users and the database.

13. A method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication, characterized in that, Performed by the real-time monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1-12, the method comprises: The wellhead status information is collected in real time through the detection terminal, wherein the wellhead status information includes direct satellite signals and reflected satellite signals; The wellhead status information is wirelessly transmitted via the wireless transmission terminal connected to the detection terminal. The server receives the wellhead status information through the wireless transmission terminal.

14. A method for real-time monitoring of the status of onshore oil and gas wellheads based on 5G wireless communication as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: The satellite direct signal and the satellite reflected signal are respectively processed by the radio frequency front end for frequency conversion, filtering and gain control to obtain direct and reflected radio frequency signals; The direct and reflected radio frequency signals are converted into direct and reflected digital intermediate frequency signals by a high-speed A / D converter, respectively, and then the data stream is generated by an A / D quantization decoder to obtain the original data of the direct and reflected signals. For the raw data of the direct signal, a leading-instantaneous-lagging direct channel structure is adopted. By cooperating with the DSP to complete code and carrier tracking, the satellite positioning and tracking are completed, and the direct signal correlation value information is obtained. The direct signal correlation value information includes the satellite PRN number, satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle information. For the original data of the reflected signal, under the combined action of the Doppler control word and the carrier control word, local carriers with different Dopplers are generated. Carrier stripping is performed in the reflected signal channel, and the C / A code of the corresponding direct channel is directly reused. The delay of the C / A code of the reflected channel is realized through the shift register, and C / A code correlation operation is performed to generate complex-form time-delayed two-dimensional correlation values ​​of Doppler. Based on the relevant value information of the direct signal, the wellhead's own sway information is obtained through positioning calculation and sway processing; Based on the aforementioned time-delay Doppler two-dimensional correlation values, the land information of the wellhead load is obtained through model calculation.

15. A storage medium, characterized in that, It contains instructions for performing the method as described in any one of claims 13-14.

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