A large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system and method for a focal plane assembly of an optical device

Abstract

The present application relates to the temperature control system and method of optical equipment, specifically relates to a kind of large temperature difference precision temperature control system and method for optical equipment focal plane assembly, for solving the problem that the temperature control technology of existing focal plane assembly cannot guarantee heat transfer stability, flexible adaptation and accurate temperature control simultaneously under multi-attitude maneuver, focal plane focusing and ground high temperature environment.The present application system includes thermoelectric refrigeration unit, loop heat pipe unit, air cooling unit and temperature control unit;Thermoelectric refrigeration unit has cold face and hot face;The present application method is by establishing the corresponding relationship mapping table of temperature change rate threshold Q and ground environment temperature, and according to current ground environment temperature W env Inquire corresponding relationship mapping table, determine the temperature change rate threshold Q of current time t;The instantaneous temperature change rate T of focal plane assembly is calculated, by comparing the relationship of instantaneous temperature change rate T and temperature change rate threshold Q, to generate temperature regulation instruction, realize the adaptive regulation of focal plane assembly temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a temperature control system and method for optical equipment, specifically to a large temperature difference precision temperature control system and method for the focal plane assembly of optical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of high-precision ground-based photoelectric tracking and observation, to achieve all-aspect, multi-attitude, and high-resolution imaging of moving targets across the entire airspace, optical equipment is typically deployed on multi-attitude maneuvering devices (i.e., turntables, such as two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or four-dimensional turntables). These multi-attitude maneuvering devices usually require multi-axis, wide-range continuous rotation or oscillation capabilities. Simultaneously, the focal plane assembly onboard it must possess precise focusing capabilities along the optical axis (focusing stroke typically 0-50mm) to adapt to different imaging distances. This combined motion condition of "multi-attitude maneuvering" and "focusing motion of the focal plane assembly" presents unprecedented challenges to the thermal management of the focal plane assembly.

[0003] The charge-coupled devices, image sensors, or infrared detectors integrated into focal plane arrays are extremely sensitive to temperature in terms of noise level, quantum efficiency, and signal stability. They typically require stable operating temperatures within a very narrow fluctuation range and often necessitate significant cooling from high-temperature environments. However, in ground-based applications, the system faces a dual thermal load: first, the sensor's own power consumption and internal heat generated by the circuitry; and second, continuous heat radiation and conduction from the high-temperature ground environment (35°C to 60°C). Failure in thermal management will directly lead to a sharp degradation in sensor performance, resulting in a severe decrease in image quality or even complete loss of imaging functionality.

[0004] Currently, traditional temperature control solutions, which are suitable for static or limited motion ranges, have a series of fundamental drawbacks that are difficult to overcome when facing the aforementioned complex dynamic operating conditions:

[0005] First, there is insufficient attitude adaptability. Conventional heat conduction schemes cannot maintain a reliable heat transfer path when multi-axis, large-angle attitude maneuvers are performed by multi-attitude maneuvers. In particular, loop heat pipes or capillary pump rings using phase change heat transfer suffer from disordered distribution and difficulty in reflux of the internal heat transfer medium under the complex coupling of gravity, centrifugal force, and Coriolis force. This can lead to evaporator drying out or startup failure, and severe degradation or even interruption of heat transfer performance during dynamic processes.

[0006] Secondly, there is a lack of motion adaptability. The focusing motion of the focal plane assembly requires the connected temperature control mechanism to have corresponding axial extension and retraction flexibility. Existing technology is difficult to adapt to the reciprocating displacement required for focusing motion, which easily leads to the accumulation of mechanical stress, resulting in the separation of the heat transfer interface, a sharp increase in thermal resistance, and may cause structural damage to the focal plane assembly.

[0007] Third, environmental applicability is limited. Many high-performance temperature control solutions are designed for vacuum environments, and their heat dissipation logic heavily relies on the cold, black background of space. In high-temperature environments on Earth and in the atmosphere, these solutions lack effective active heat dissipation methods and are unable to resist the heat intrusion from the high-temperature environment on Earth, which usually leads to the complete failure of the temperature control function.

[0008] Fourth, the temperature control strategy is lagging. Existing temperature control is mostly a passive adjustment based on single-point temperature feedback, which cannot detect in advance the heat flow fluctuations caused by drastic changes in the attitude of the focal plane component, focusing movement, or a sudden rise in the ground ambient temperature. This results in a lag in temperature control and makes it difficult to avoid temperature overshoot and fluctuations. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that existing temperature control technology for focal plane components cannot simultaneously guarantee stable heat transfer, flexible adaptation, and precise temperature control when performing multi-posture maneuvers, focusing movements of focal plane components, and in high-temperature environments on the ground. The invention provides a large temperature difference precision temperature control system and method for focal plane components of optical equipment.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0011] A large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment is characterized by comprising a thermoelectric cooling unit, a loop heat pipe unit, an air-cooled heat dissipation unit, and a temperature control unit.

[0012] The thermoelectric refrigeration unit has a plate-like structure with a cold side and a hot side;

[0013] The loop heat pipe unit includes at least one evaporator, a condenser, and multiple flexible pipes connecting the evaporator and the condenser; the number of evaporators is the same as the number of coke surface assemblies, and the evaporators are used for thermally conductive connection with the corresponding coke surface assemblies; the condenser is thermally conductively connected to the cold surface.

[0014] The air-cooled heat dissipation unit includes a heat sink and an adjustable speed fan located at the air inlet of the heat sink; the heat sink is thermally connected to the hot surface.

[0015] The temperature control unit includes a status monitoring module, a main controller, and a control drive module;

[0016] The data output terminal of the status monitoring module is connected to the data input terminal of the main controller, and is used to collect the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area on the focal surface assembly and the current ground ambient temperature W. env ;

[0017] The data output terminal of the main controller is connected to the data input terminal of the control drive module, and is used to determine the data output based on the received real-time temperature sequence and the current ground ambient temperature W. env Generate temperature control commands;

[0018] The data output terminal of the control drive module is connected to the control terminals of the thermoelectric cooling unit and the adjustable speed fan, respectively, and is used to adjust the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit and the speed of the adjustable speed fan according to the temperature control command, thereby controlling the temperature of the focal surface assembly.

[0019] Furthermore, the status monitoring module includes a flexible miniature temperature sensor and an ambient temperature sensor;

[0020] The data output terminal of the flexible micro temperature sensor is connected to the first data input terminal of the main controller, and is used to collect the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area on the focal plane assembly.

[0021] The data output terminal of the ambient temperature sensor is connected to the second data input terminal of the main controller, and is used to collect the current ground ambient temperature W in real time. env ;

[0022] The control and drive module includes a power drive module and a fan speed control module;

[0023] The data input terminal of the power drive module is connected to the first data output terminal of the main controller, and its data output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit, which is used to control the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit according to the temperature control command.

[0024] The data input terminal of the fan speed control module is connected to the second data output terminal of the main controller, and its data output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the adjustable speed fan, for controlling the speed of the adjustable speed fan according to the temperature control command.

[0025] Furthermore, the flexible miniature temperature sensor is a high-precision platinum resistance sensor.

[0026] Furthermore, the evaporator is equipped with a main liquid reservoir and an auxiliary liquid reservoir, forming an anti-gravity dual liquid reservoir evaporator;

[0027] The condenser is a serpentine coil condenser, comprising a base plate and serpentine coils fixed to one side of the base plate; the number of serpentine coils is the same as the number of evaporators.

[0028] The other side of the substrate is thermally connected to the cold side of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit.

[0029] Furthermore, both the main liquid reservoir and the auxiliary liquid reservoir are in fluid communication with the evaporator;

[0030] The outlet of the serpentine coil is connected to the inlet of the evaporator via a flexible pipe, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the serpentine coil via another flexible pipe, together forming a circulation loop;

[0031] Alternatively, the outlet of the serpentine coil, the main reservoir, the evaporator, the auxiliary reservoir, and the inlet of the serpentine coil can be connected in series via flexible piping to form a circulation loop.

[0032] Furthermore, the thermoelectric refrigeration unit is a flexible encapsulated thermoelectric cooler with a large temperature difference, and its maximum refrigeration temperature difference is ≥45℃;

[0033] A highly thermally conductive flexible interface layer is provided between the evaporator and the coke surface assembly, and between the condenser and the cold surface; the radiator and the hot surface are tightly bonded together with structural adhesive.

[0034] The high thermal conductivity flexible interface layer is a flexible silicone material with a thermal conductivity ≥4W / (m·K) and a thickness of 0.05mm~0.1mm;

[0035] The contact area between the condenser and the cold surface is not less than 98%.

[0036] Furthermore, the radiator is a finned radiator, comprising a circular base plate and heat dissipation fins vertically disposed on the circular base plate along the circumference; the heat dissipation fins are thermally connected to the hot surface.

[0037] The air inlet is located at the center of the circular base plate, and the adjustable speed fan is mounted on the circular base plate.

[0038] The central area of ​​the heat dissipation fins is connected to the air inlet;

[0039] The adjustable speed fan is a corrosion-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, and speed-adjustable axial flow fan.

[0040] This invention also provides a large temperature difference precision temperature control method for focal plane components of optical devices. Based on the above-mentioned large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical devices, its special feature is that it includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Establish a mapping table to determine the temperature change rate threshold Q of the focal surface component and the ground ambient temperature; then set the length of each control cycle Z and the target temperature of the focal surface component.

[0042] S2. Within the current control cycle Z1, the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area of ​​the focal surface component and the current ground ambient temperature W are collected through the status monitoring module. env The real-time temperature sequence includes at least the temperature at the current time t and the temperature at the previous time t-1.

[0043] S3, based on the current ground ambient temperature W env Query the corresponding mapping table to determine the current ground ambient temperature W. envThe corresponding temperature change rate threshold Q;

[0044] S4. Based on the real-time temperature sequence collected in step S2, calculate the instantaneous temperature change rate T of the focal surface component;

[0045] S5, Generate temperature control command

[0046] S5.1. The main controller compares whether the instantaneous temperature change rate T is greater than the temperature change rate threshold Q. If yes, then proceed to step S5.2; otherwise, proceed to step S5.3.

[0047] S5.2 Determining that the focal surface assembly exhibits a rapid heating trend, a temperature control command is generated, including an advance compensation amount to counteract this rapid heating trend and the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature. Step S6 is then executed. The advance compensation amount is based on the instantaneous temperature change rate T and the current ground ambient temperature W. env It is determined that it includes a current compensation amount ΔI for compensating the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and a speed compensation amount ΔD for compensating the speed of the adjustable fan.

[0048] S5.3 Generate a temperature control command based on the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature, and execute step S6;

[0049] S6. Receive temperature control commands through the control drive module, and adjust the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit and the speed of the adjustable fan according to the temperature control commands; wherein, the heat of the focal surface assembly is transferred to the cold surface of the thermoelectric cooling unit through the loop heat pipe unit, and is finally dissipated through the air-cooled heat dissipation unit, thereby realizing the temperature control of the focal surface assembly; then return to step S2 to complete the temperature control of the focal surface assembly at the next time t+1, until the temperature control of the focal surface assembly at all times within the current control cycle Z1 is completed;

[0050] S7. Repeat steps S2 to S6 until the temperature control of the focal plane component is completed at all times within all control cycles Z, so as to achieve temperature control of the focal plane component in the optical device.

[0051] Furthermore, the calculation formulas for the current compensation amount ΔI and the speed compensation amount ΔD in step S5.2 are as follows:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, C is the equivalent heat capacity of the focal plane assembly, T is the instantaneous temperature change rate, and F... env The environmental weighting factor is β, which is the power proportionality coefficient allocated to the thermoelectric refrigeration unit, and K is the power weighting factor. TEC The coefficient of performance (COP) of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit at the target temperature;

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, K f This represents the heat dissipation gain coefficient of the adjustable-speed fan at the target temperature.

[0056] Further, in step S6, the control drive module adjusts the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit to a range of 0.5A-8A;

[0057] The control drive module continuously adjusts the speed of the adjustable fan using PWM.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0059] 1. This invention discloses a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment. It constructs a temperature control system integrating active cooling, all-attitude anti-gravity efficient heat transfer, large-range flexible adaptation, active heat dissipation in high-temperature environments, and intelligent predictive control by constructing a thermoelectric cooling unit, a loop heat pipe unit, an air-cooled heat dissipation unit, and a temperature control unit. It realizes precise temperature control of the focal plane component under all working conditions (including multi-attitude maneuvering, focusing motion of the focal plane component, and high-temperature ground environment). It solves four core problems: pipeline entanglement when the focal plane component is driven by multi-attitude maneuvering device in optical equipment, flexible adaptation of focusing motion of the focal plane component, high-temperature large temperature difference temperature control on the ground, and high-precision constant temperature. Meanwhile, the use of a loop heat pipe unit incorporating flexible piping, coupled with a condensation / evaporation layout capable of multi-directional heat transfer, ensures the continuity and reliability of the heat transfer path for the focal plane assembly during multi-attitude maneuvers and focusing movements. This completely resolves the issues of pipe entanglement and pulling during multi-attitude maneuvering of the focal plane assembly, as well as pipe expansion and contraction during focusing movements. This ensures a complete and stable heat transfer path during the focal plane assembly's movement, making the optical equipment suitable for all-space observation and multi-distance focusing scenarios. This large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for the optical equipment's focal plane assembly provides a reliable hardware foundation and system-level solution for achieving large-temperature-difference, high-precision, and rapid-response temperature control of the focal plane assembly in high-temperature ground environments and dynamic application scenarios.

[0060] 2. This invention discloses a large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment. The system specifies that the status monitoring module consists of a flexible miniature temperature sensor and an ambient temperature sensor. This design enables synchronous and accurate monitoring of both the "core heat source (focal plane component temperature field)" and the "external thermal disturbance (ground ambient temperature)," providing comprehensive and necessary thermal status information for the control system. Direct and accurate temperature control is the cornerstone for implementing advanced control strategies (such as predictive control) in this large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for optical equipment focal plane components, ensuring the reliability and real-time performance of the feedback signal throughout the temperature control loop.

[0061] 3. This invention discloses a high-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment. The core high-efficiency heat transfer structure of the loop heat pipe unit is formed by an anti-gravity dual-liquid-storage evaporator and a serpentine coil condenser. The anti-gravity design ensures the stability of the heat transfer medium circulation during attitude changes, effectively overcoming the interference of gravity, centrifugal force, and Coriolis force on the heat transfer medium circulation under complex attitudes. This ensures that the evaporator receives a stable supply of heat transfer medium under any attitude, thus solving the fundamental problem of heat transfer failure in traditional heat pipes under dynamic conditions. It ensures that the loop heat pipe can start normally in any attitude of the focal plane component, and that heat transfer stability is not affected by attitude changes. The serpentine coil condenser provides a large-area, compact contact interface with the cold surface of the thermoelectric cooler. This combination ensures that heat can be efficiently and reliably extracted from the focal plane component and transferred to the cold surface of the thermoelectric cooler unit, solving the thermal management problem under dynamic applications from the core heat transfer path.

[0062] 4. This invention provides a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment, offering two specific fluid loop connection methods for the loop heat pipe unit. These two preferred connection methods clearly define the circulation path of the heat-conducting medium, effectively realizing the circulation and phase change heat transfer of the heat-conducting medium, enhancing the feasibility of the technical solution, and demonstrating design flexibility.

[0063] 5. This invention discloses a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment. By limiting the key performance of the thermoelectric cooler (maximum cooling temperature difference ≥45℃) and the material and process parameters of each key thermally conductive interface (flexible silicone layer thickness 0.05mm~0.1mm, bonding area ≥98%), it ensures ultimate heat conduction efficiency from both device performance and interface thermal resistance perspectives. The large temperature difference capability of the thermoelectric cooling unit provides a sufficient temperature control range, while precise interface treatment minimizes heat loss during the heat transfer process. The combination of these two aspects is key to achieving overall performance.

[0064] 6. This invention discloses a high-precision temperature control system for large temperature difference in optical equipment focal plane components, specifying the structural details of the air-cooled heat dissipation unit, including substrate thickness, fin height, and fan type. A thick substrate facilitates lateral heat diffusion, tall fins significantly increase the heat dissipation surface area, and a high-temperature resistant axial fan ensures reliable operation in harsh environments. This enhanced design enables the air-cooled heat dissipation unit to effectively handle high-load heat dissipation demands in high-temperature environments, rapidly expelling the heat collected by the loop heat pipe unit to the external ambient air, thus solving the terminal heat dissipation bottleneck. Simultaneously, the flexible miniature temperature sensor is specified as a high-precision platinum resistance thermometer. Platinum resistance thermometers possess outstanding advantages such as good long-term stability, high measurement accuracy, and strong anti-interference capabilities. Using this sensor as the "sensory nerve ending" provides extremely accurate and reliable temperature feedback for the closed-loop control of the high-precision temperature control system for large temperature difference in optical equipment focal plane components, which is the fundamental guarantee for ultimately achieving temperature stability with an accuracy of ±0.2℃ or even higher.

[0065] 7. This invention provides a large-temperature-difference precision temperature control method for focal plane components of optical equipment. It introduces a dynamic judgment standard, the "temperature change rate threshold Q," and achieves adaptive adjustment by querying a mapping table corresponding to ground ambient temperature. By calculating the temperature change rate T in real time and comparing it with the temperature change rate threshold Q, it can intelligently identify rapid temperature rise trends requiring proactive intervention, triggering different control strategies. This invention represents a leap from traditional single feedback to a composite intelligent control combining "trend prediction + feedback." Simultaneously, the core prediction logic of the method is clearly defined. When a rapid temperature rise trend is detected (i.e., instantaneous temperature change rate T > temperature change rate threshold Q), the large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment not only generates an instruction containing "advance compensation" based on the current error, actively offsetting the predicted temperature rise inertia. This feedforward and feedback composite control strategy based on rapid temperature rise trends significantly reduces temperature overshoot, shortens control time, and improves control quality and response speed under dynamic thermal disturbances.

[0066] 8. The present invention provides a large temperature difference precision temperature control method for focal plane components of optical equipment. Through a specific calculation formula, the temperature change rate T is directly and quantitatively mapped to a specific control signal. This allows the advance compensation amount required to offset the predicted thermal inertia to be calculated based on the real-time state, avoiding the problems of insufficient compensation or overshoot that may be caused by empirical rules or fuzzy reasoning. This minimizes the response delay of advance control and suppresses the temperature fluctuation amplitude within a smaller defined range, significantly improving dynamic accuracy and stability.

[0067] 9. This invention provides a method for precise temperature control of large temperature differences in focal plane components of optical equipment, clarifying the key parameters and methods of the final execution stage. The operating current of the thermoelectric cooling unit is limited to an optimized range of 0.5A-8A, balancing cooling efficiency with device safety and lifespan. The invention specifies the use of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for stepless speed regulation of the adjustable fan, achieving continuous, smooth, and precise control of the cooling airflow. This avoids the step-like thermal disturbances and mechanical vibrations caused by stepped speed regulation, enabling a fine match between heat dissipation capacity and heat load, and improving the overall energy efficiency and stability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for a focal plane assembly of an optical device according to the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of an embodiment of a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for a focal plane assembly of an optical device according to the present invention (the loop heat pipe and temperature control unit are not shown).

[0070] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the loop heat pipe unit in an embodiment of a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment according to the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the temperature control unit in an embodiment of a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for a focal plane assembly of an optical device according to the present invention;

[0072] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a large temperature difference precision temperature control method for focal plane components of optical equipment.

[0073] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0074] 1-Thermoelectric refrigeration unit, 11-Cold surface, 12-Hot surface, 2-Loop heat pipe unit, 21-Evaporator, 211-Main liquid receiver, 212-Auxiliary liquid receiver, 22-Condenser, 221-Serpentine coil, 222-Baseboard, 23-Flexible piping, 3-Air-cooled heat dissipation unit, 31-Adjustable speed fan, 32-Radiator, 4-Temperature control unit, 41-Status monitoring module, 411-Flexible miniature temperature sensor, 412-Ambient temperature sensor, 42-Main controller, 43-Control drive module, 431-Power drive module, 432-Fan speed control module, 5-Cool surface assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0075] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a precise temperature control system and method for large temperature differences in optical equipment focal plane components. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] This invention discloses a large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for the focal plane assembly of an optical device. It is installed in an optical device with a multi-positional maneuvering mechanism to solve the temperature control problem of the focal plane assembly 5, mounted on the multi-positional maneuvering mechanism in high-temperature ground environments, caused by complex motion, environmental heat intrusion, and its own heat generation. The system achieves high-precision, high-stability temperature control within a large temperature difference range (≥45℃) at the ±0.2℃ level. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes a thermoelectric cooling unit 1, a loop heat pipe unit 2, an air-cooled heat dissipation unit 3, and a temperature control unit 4, which are used to control the temperature of the focusing surface assembly 5.

[0077] The thermoelectric cooling unit 1 is a large-temperature-difference flexible encapsulated thermoelectric cooler (TEC), which is plate-shaped and has a mutually isolated cold surface 11 and hot surface 12. As the core of active temperature control, the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 can meet the needs of large-temperature-difference cooling and heating; the maximum cooling temperature difference of the cold surface 11 is ≥45℃, that is, when the temperature of the hot surface 12 is 60℃, the cold surface 11 has the ability to reduce its surface temperature to below 15℃.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the loop heat pipe unit 2, as a high-efficiency core heat-conducting component, includes two evaporators 21, a condenser 22, and multiple flexible pipes 23 connecting the evaporators 21 and the condenser 22. The loop heat pipe unit 2 is filled with a heat-conducting medium, such as ammonia, acetone, or water, to conduct heat from the evaporators 21 to the condensers 22. The evaporators 21 are tightly bonded to the back or side of the corresponding coke surface assembly 5 through a highly thermally conductive flexible interface layer (such as a thermally conductive silicone pad or thermally conductive grease), achieving a highly efficient heat-conducting connection. Similarly, the condensers 22 are tightly bonded to the cold surface 11 of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit 1 through a highly thermally conductive flexible interface layer, with a bonding area of ​​not less than 98%, to increase the heat-conducting area and thus achieve highly efficient heat conduction. The flexible pipes 23 allow relative displacement between the evaporators 21 and the condensers 22 within a certain range, thereby accommodating positional changes caused by the coking movement of the coke surface assembly 5 and installation errors. The highly thermally conductive flexible interface layer between the evaporator 21 and the coke surface assembly 5, and between the condenser 22 and the cold surface 11, is a flexible silicone material with a thermal conductivity of ≥4W / (m•K) and a thickness of 0.05mm~0.1mm, thereby ensuring efficient heat conduction.

[0079] The evaporator 21 is connected to a main liquid receiver 211 and an auxiliary liquid receiver 212, forming an anti-gravity dual liquid receiver evaporator. The condenser 22 is a serpentine coil condenser, including a base plate 222 and serpentine coils 221; the number of serpentine coils 221 is the same as the number of evaporators 21, both being two, and the two serpentine coils 221 are arranged on one side of the same base plate 222, and the other side of the base plate 222 is thermally connected to the cold surface 11 of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit 1.

[0080] The loop heat pipe unit 2, through the flexible pipe 23, the main liquid reservoir 211 and the auxiliary liquid reservoir 212, realizes the gravity adaptation of the multi-posture maneuvering device during movement and the focusing motion adaptation of the focal surface assembly 5. The distribution of heat transfer medium during the movement of the multi-posture maneuvering device is adjusted by the bidirectional coordinated liquid replenishment of the main liquid reservoir 211 and the auxiliary liquid reservoir 212, so as to overcome the coupling effect of gravity, centrifugal force and Coriolis force, and ensure that the loop heat pipe unit 2 can start normally and transfer heat stably when the focal surface assembly 5 is in any posture.

[0081] In other embodiments, there is one evaporator 21, which is thermally connected to a coke surface assembly 5, and the evaporator 21 is connected to a serpentine coil 221 via a flexible pipe 23.

[0082] The main liquid reservoir 211, the evaporator 21, and the auxiliary liquid reservoir 212 exist as independent components. The main liquid reservoir 211 and the auxiliary liquid reservoir 212 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the evaporator 21.

[0083] In this embodiment, the connection between one evaporator 21 and one serpentine coil 221 is as follows: the outlet of the serpentine coil 221, the inlet of the main liquid reservoir 211, the outlet of the main liquid reservoir 211, the inlet of the evaporator 21, the outlet of the evaporator 21, the inlet of the auxiliary liquid reservoir 212, the outlet of the auxiliary liquid reservoir 212, and the inlet of the serpentine coil 221 are connected in series through a flexible pipe 23 to form a circulation loop; the heat transfer medium circulates in this circulation loop, thereby guiding the heat of the evaporator 21 to the condenser 22.

[0084] The connection between the other evaporator 21 and the other serpentine coil 221 is as follows: both the main liquid receiver 211 and the auxiliary liquid receiver 212 are in fluid communication with the evaporator 21, forming a structure in which the main liquid receiver 211 and the auxiliary liquid receiver 212 are integrated into the evaporator 21. The outlet of the serpentine coil 221 is in fluid communication with the inlet of the evaporator 21 through a flexible pipe 23, and the outlet of the evaporator 21 is in fluid communication with the inlet of the serpentine coil 221 through another flexible pipe 23, together forming a circulation loop.

[0085] The main reservoir 211 is equipped with an elastic metal diaphragm to compensate for changes in the volume of the heat transfer medium; the auxiliary reservoir 212 is equipped with a gravity adaptive guide plate with pores to promote the uniform distribution of the heat transfer medium under different postures.

[0086] The air-cooled heat dissipation unit 3 serves as the core of terminal heat dissipation and is adapted to the heat dissipation requirements of high-temperature ground environments. The air-cooled heat dissipation unit 3 includes a corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant radiator 32 and a corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant adjustable speed fan 31 located at the air inlet of the radiator 32. The base plate (i.e., the contact surface) of the radiator 32 is thermally connected to the hot surface 12 through a high thermal conductivity structural adhesive.

[0087] The radiator 32 is a finned radiator (made of anodized aluminum alloy), comprising a circular base plate and heat dissipation fins vertically arranged on the circular base plate along its circumference; the heat dissipation fins are thermally connected to the hot surface 12; the heat dissipation fins are large-diameter radially radiating aluminum heat dissipation fins, and the heat dissipation fins are evenly distributed radially with the central area as the origin, which can maximize the expansion of the heat dissipation surface area; the thickness of the circular base plate is 6mm; the air inlet is located at the center of the circular base plate, and the adjustable speed fan 31 is mounted on the circular base plate; the fin height of the heat dissipation fins is 40mm, and its central area is connected to the air inlet. The adjustable speed fan 31 is a corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and adjustable-speed axial flow fan, and its speed can be steplessly adjusted by a PWM signal; the adjustable speed fan 31 is installed at the air inlet in the central area of ​​the heat dissipation fins, delivering directional airflow to the heat dissipation fin area, realizing a "central air inlet + radial air outlet" flow field layout, maximizing the uniformity of heat dissipation.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, the temperature control unit 4 serves as the control core, used to achieve high-precision temperature control over a large temperature difference range. It is integrated inside a controller housing and includes a status monitoring module 41, a main controller 42, and a control drive module 43.

[0089] The data output terminal of the status monitoring module 41 is connected to the data input terminal of the main controller 42, and is used to collect the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area on the focal surface component 5 and the current ground ambient temperature W. env .

[0090] In this embodiment, the status monitoring module 41 specifically includes a flexible miniature temperature sensor 411 and an ambient temperature sensor 412. The data output terminal of the flexible miniature temperature sensor 411 (such as a high-precision platinum resistance sensor, attached to the sensitive part of the focal plane assembly 5) is connected to the first data input terminal of the main controller 42, and is used to collect the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area on the focal plane assembly 5; the data output terminal of the ambient temperature sensor 412 is connected to the second data input terminal of the main controller 42, and is used to collect the current ground ambient temperature W. env .

[0091] The main controller 42 can be a microprocessor with high-speed computing capabilities. Its data output terminal is connected to the data input terminal of the control drive module 43, and is used to calculate the real-time temperature sequence of the focal surface component 5 and the current ground ambient temperature W collected by the status monitoring module 41. env Generate temperature control commands.

[0092] The data output terminal of the control drive module 43 is connected to the control terminals of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 and the adjustable speed fan 31 respectively, and is used to adjust the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 and the speed of the adjustable speed fan 31 according to the temperature control command, thereby controlling the temperature of the focal surface assembly 5.

[0093] In this embodiment, the control drive module 43 specifically includes a power drive module 431 and a fan speed control module 432. The data input terminal of the power drive module 431 is connected to the first data output terminal of the main controller 42, and its data output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1, for controlling the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 according to the temperature control command. The data input terminal of the fan speed control module 432 is connected to the second data output terminal of the main controller 42, and its data output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the adjustable speed fan 31, for controlling the speed of the adjustable speed fan 31 according to the temperature control command.

[0094] In other embodiments, the loop heat pipe unit 2 is provided with a starter, the control terminal of which is connected to the data output terminal of the power drive module 431, and is used to control the input current of the starter through the power drive module 431, thereby actively starting the loop heat pipe unit 2.

[0095] The temperature control principle of the large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment according to the present invention is as follows:

[0096] When the high-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for the focal plane assembly of optical equipment is in operation, the heat generated by the focal plane assembly 5 and the heat intrusion from the ground environment are absorbed and vaporized by the heat-conducting medium (such as ammonia, acetone, or water) in the loop heat pipe unit 2 through the evaporator 21. The vapor flows to the condenser 22 through the flexible pipe 23, where it condenses and releases heat, transferring the heat to the cold surface 11 of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1. Driven by electrical energy, the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 "pumps" the heat from the cold surface 11 to the hot surface 12. Finally, the heat accumulated on the hot surface 12 is dissipated into the surrounding environment through forced convection by the air-cooled heat dissipation unit 3, which consists of the radiator 32 and the adjustable-speed fan 31. The temperature control unit 4 dynamically adjusts the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 and the speed of the adjustable-speed fan 31 based on the collected temperature information to achieve temperature regulation of the focal plane assembly 5.

[0097] Based on the aforementioned large-temperature-difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical devices, this invention provides a large-temperature-difference precision temperature control method for focal plane components of optical devices, such as... Figure 5As shown, the specific steps include the following:

[0098] S1. Establish a mapping table between the temperature change rate threshold Q and the ground ambient temperature to determine the temperature change trend of the focal surface component 5. Then, set the length of each control cycle Z to 100ms and set the target temperature of the focal surface component 5. For example, when the ground ambient temperature is 35℃, the corresponding temperature change rate threshold Q is set to 0.5℃ / s; when the ground ambient temperature is 60℃, the corresponding temperature change rate threshold Q is set to 0.2℃ / s. The temperature change rate threshold Q decreases under high temperature conditions, reflecting a control strategy that is more sensitive to the temperature rise trend.

[0099] S2. Within the current control cycle Z1, the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area of ​​the focal surface component 5 and the current ground ambient temperature W are collected by the status monitoring module 41. env The real-time temperature sequence includes at least the temperature at the current time t and the temperature at the previous time t-1.

[0100] S3, based on the current ground ambient temperature W env Query the corresponding mapping table to determine the current ground ambient temperature W. env The corresponding temperature change rate threshold Q.

[0101] S4. Based on the real-time temperature sequence collected in step S2, calculate the instantaneous temperature change rate T of the focal surface component 5. At the same time, the change of the instantaneous temperature change rate T itself can be analyzed, for example, by comparing it with the instantaneous change rate T-1 of the previous time t-1, to determine whether the temperature rises rapidly (T>T-1>0), rises at a constant rate (T≈T-1>0), or the trend slows down.

[0102] The principle behind deriving the temperature change trend from the instantaneous temperature change rate T is that any external thermal disturbance (whether it is an environmental change, an attitude change, or a focusing motion) will ultimately manifest as a change in the temperature of the focal plane component 5. By collecting the temperature of the focal plane component 5 and calculating its first derivative (rate of change) and even its second derivative (acceleration of change), it is possible to determine whether the focal plane component 5 is in a trend of rising, falling, or stabilizing, as well as the degree of drastic change.

[0103] S5, Generate temperature control command

[0104] S5.1. The main controller 42 compares whether the instantaneous temperature change rate T is greater than the temperature change rate threshold Q. If yes, then proceed to step S5.2; otherwise, proceed to step S5.3.

[0105] S5.2, Determine that the focal surface component 5 has a rapid heating trend, generate a temperature control command including an advance compensation amount to counteract the rapid heating trend and the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature, and execute step S6; the advance compensation amount is based on the instantaneous temperature change rate T and the current ground ambient temperature W. env It is determined that it includes a current compensation amount ΔI for compensating the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit 1 and a speed compensation amount ΔD for compensating the speed of the adjustable fan 31.

[0106] The advance compensation amount can be calculated using a parameterized method based on the system thermal model, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0107] (1) Pre-determine or estimate the equivalent heat capacity C of the focal plane assembly 5, and assume that the coefficient of performance of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 at the target temperature is K. TEC And the heat dissipation gain coefficient of the adjustable speed fan 31 at the target temperature is K. f .

[0108] (2) Calculate the real-time heat flow imbalance according to the instantaneous temperature change rate T, using the formula Q=C*T (where Q is heat and T is the instantaneous temperature change rate); where Q>0 indicates that the heat of the focal surface component 5 is accumulating net.

[0109] (3) Based on the current ground ambient temperature W env The environmental weighting factor F is calculated through a predetermined functional relationship. env In this embodiment, the environmental weighting factor F env The current ground ambient temperature (W) env The monotonically increasing function is used to characterize the influence of environmental heat load on the sensitivity of the control system. Its specific functional relationship can be expressed using F... env =1+K*(W env -W ref The expression is in the form of ), where K is a positive coefficient and W is a negative coefficient. ref For reference to the ambient ground temperature (e.g., 25°C or 35°C), at this temperature, the environmental weighting factor F env =1, meaning no additional weighting.

[0110] (4) Distribute the environmentally weighted compensated power to the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 and the adjustable speed fan 31:

[0111] The current compensation amount ΔI of thermoelectric refrigeration unit 1 is calculated using the following formula:

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, β is the power proportionality coefficient allocated to thermoelectric refrigeration unit 1;

[0114] The speed compensation ΔD of the adjustable fan 31 is calculated using the following formula:

[0115] .

[0116] (5) The calculated current compensation amount ΔI and speed compensation amount ΔD are superimposed with the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature to form a temperature control command.

[0117] S5.3 Generate a temperature control command based on the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature, and then execute step S6.

[0118] S6. The temperature control command is received by the control drive module 43, and the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 and the speed of the adjustable fan 31 are adjusted according to the temperature control command. The heat of the focal surface component 5 is transferred to the cold surface 11 of the thermoelectric cooling unit 1 through the loop heat pipe unit 2, and finally dissipated through the air-cooled heat dissipation unit 3, thereby realizing the temperature control of the focal surface component 5. Then, the process returns to step S2 to complete the temperature control of the focal surface component 5 at the next time t+1, until the temperature control of the focal surface component 5 is completed at all times within the current control cycle Z1.

[0119] Among them, the control drive module 43 adjusts the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit 1 in the range of 0.5A-8A;

[0120] The control drive module 43 continuously adjusts the speed of the adjustable fan 31 using PWM.

[0121] S7. Repeat steps S2 to S6 until the temperature regulation of the focal plane component 5 is completed at all times within all control cycles Z, so as to realize the temperature regulation of the focal plane component 5 in the optical device.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components of optical equipment, based on a large temperature difference precision temperature control system for focal plane components of optical equipment, the system comprising a thermoelectric cooling unit (1), a loop heat pipe unit (2), an air-cooled heat dissipation unit (3) and a temperature control unit (4). The thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) has a plate-like structure and has a cold surface (11) and a hot surface (12). The loop heat pipe unit (2) includes at least one evaporator (21), a condenser (22), and multiple flexible pipes (23) connecting the evaporator (21) and the condenser (22); the number of evaporators (21) is the same as the number of coke surface assemblies (5), and the evaporators (21) are used for thermally conductive connection with the corresponding coke surface assembly (5); the condenser (22) is thermally conductively connected to the cold surface (11); The air-cooled heat dissipation unit (3) includes a heat sink (32) and an adjustable speed fan (31) located at the air inlet of the heat sink (32); the heat sink (32) is thermally connected to the hot surface (12); The temperature control unit (4) includes a status monitoring module (41), a main controller (42), and a control drive module (43). The data output terminal of the status monitoring module (41) is connected to the data input terminal of the main controller (42) and is used to collect the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area on the focal surface component (5) and the current ground ambient temperature W. env ; The data output terminal of the main controller (42) is connected to the data input terminal of the control drive module (43), and is used to determine the data output based on the received real-time temperature sequence and the current ground ambient temperature W. env Generate temperature control commands; The data output terminal of the control drive module (43) is connected to the control terminals of the thermoelectric cooling unit (1) and the adjustable speed fan (31) respectively, and is used to adjust the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit (1) and the speed of the adjustable speed fan (31) according to the temperature control command, thereby controlling the temperature of the focal surface assembly (5); characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a mapping table between the temperature change rate threshold Q and the ground ambient temperature for judging the temperature change trend of the focal surface component (5); then set the length of each control cycle Z and set the target temperature of the focal surface component (5); S2. During the current control cycle Z1, the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area of ​​the focal surface component (5) and the current ground ambient temperature W are collected through the status monitoring module (41). env The real-time temperature sequence includes at least the temperature at the current time t and the temperature at the previous time t-1. S3, based on the current ground ambient temperature W env Query the corresponding mapping table to determine the current ground ambient temperature W. env The corresponding temperature change rate threshold Q; S4. Based on the real-time temperature sequence collected in step S2, calculate the instantaneous temperature change rate T of the focal surface component (5); S5, Generate temperature control command S5.

1. The main controller (42) compares whether the instantaneous temperature change rate T is greater than the temperature change rate threshold Q. If yes, then step S5.2 is executed; if no, then step S5.3 is executed. S5.2, Determine that the focal surface component (5) has a rapid heating trend, generate a temperature control command including an advance compensation amount to counteract the rapid heating trend and the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature, and execute step S6; The advance compensation amount is based on the instantaneous temperature change rate T and the current ground ambient temperature W. env It is determined that it includes a current compensation amount ΔI for compensating the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) and a speed compensation amount ΔD for compensating the speed of the adjustable fan (31); S5.3 Generate a temperature control command based on the temperature deviation between the current time t and the target temperature, and execute step S6; S6. The temperature control command is received by the control drive module (43), and the input current of the thermoelectric cooling unit (1) and the speed of the adjustable fan (31) are adjusted according to the temperature control command. The heat of the focal surface component (5) is transferred to the cold surface (11) of the thermoelectric cooling unit (1) through the loop heat pipe unit (2), and finally dissipated through the air-cooled heat dissipation unit (3), thereby realizing the temperature control of the focal surface component (5). Then, return to step S2 to complete the temperature control of the focal surface component (5) at the next moment t+1, until the temperature control of the focal surface component (5) at all moments in the current control cycle Z1 is completed. S7. Repeat steps S2 to S6 until the temperature regulation of the focal plane assembly (5) is completed at all times within all control cycles Z, so as to realize the temperature regulation of the focal plane assembly (5) in the optical device.

2. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The status monitoring module (41) includes a flexible miniature temperature sensor (411) and an ambient temperature sensor (412). The data output terminal of the flexible micro temperature sensor (411) is connected to the first data input terminal of the main controller (42) for real-time acquisition of the real-time temperature sequence of at least one monitoring area on the focal surface assembly (5); The data output terminal of the ambient temperature sensor (412) is connected to the second data input terminal of the main controller (42) for real-time acquisition of the current ground ambient temperature W. env ; The control drive module (43) includes a power drive module (431) and a fan speed control module (432). The data input terminal of the power drive module (431) is connected to the first data output terminal of the main controller (42), and its data output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) for controlling the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) according to the temperature control command. The data input terminal of the fan speed control module (432) is connected to the second data output terminal of the main controller (42), and its data output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the adjustable speed fan (31) for controlling the speed of the adjustable speed fan (31) according to the temperature control command.

3. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible miniature temperature sensor (411) is a high-precision platinum resistance sensor.

4. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporator (21) is connected to a main liquid reservoir (211) and an auxiliary liquid reservoir (212), forming an anti-gravity dual liquid reservoir evaporator; The condenser (22) is a serpentine coil condenser, including a base plate (222) and serpentine coils (221) fixed on one side of the base plate (222); the number of serpentine coils (221) is the same as the number of evaporators (21); The other side of the substrate (222) is thermally connected to the cold side (11) of the thermoelectric cooling unit (1).

5. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main liquid reservoir (211) and the auxiliary liquid reservoir (212) are both in fluid communication with the evaporator (21); the outlet of the serpentine coil (221) is in fluid communication with the inlet of the evaporator (21) through a flexible pipe (23), and the outlet of the evaporator (21) is in fluid communication with the inlet of the serpentine coil (221) through another flexible pipe (23), together forming a circulation loop; Alternatively, the outlet of the serpentine coil (221), the main reservoir (211), the evaporator (21), the auxiliary reservoir (212), and the inlet of the serpentine coil (221) are connected in series through a flexible pipeline (23) to form a circulation loop.

6. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) is a large temperature difference flexible encapsulated thermoelectric refrigeration unit with a maximum refrigeration temperature difference ≥45℃; A highly thermally conductive flexible interface layer is provided between the evaporator (21) and the coke surface assembly (5), and between the condenser (22) and the cold surface (11); the radiator (32) and the hot surface (12) are tightly bonded together by structural adhesive; The highly thermally conductive flexible interface layer is a flexible silicone material with a thermal conductivity ≥4W / (m·K) and a thickness of 0.05mm~0.1mm; The contact area between the condenser (22) and the cold surface (11) is not less than 98%.

7. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator (32) is a finned radiator, including a circular base plate and heat dissipation fins arranged vertically on the circular base plate along the circumference; the heat dissipation fins are thermally connected to the hot surface (12); The air inlet is located at the center of the circular base plate, and the adjustable speed fan (31) is mounted on the circular base plate; The central area of ​​the heat dissipation fins is connected to the air inlet; The adjustable speed fan (31) is a corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and speed-adjustable axial flow fan.

8. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation formulas for the current compensation amount ΔI and the speed compensation amount ΔD in step S5.2 are as follows: In the formula, C is the equivalent heat capacity of the focal plane component (5), T is the instantaneous temperature change rate, and F is the equivalent heat capacity of the focal plane component (5). env For environmental weighting factors, β is the power proportionality coefficient allocated to the thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1), and K TEC The coefficient of performance (COP) of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) at the target temperature; In the formula, K f The heat dissipation gain coefficient of the adjustable speed fan (31) at the target temperature.

9. The method for large temperature difference precision temperature control of focal plane components in optical equipment according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: In step S6, the control drive module (43) adjusts the input current of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit (1) to a range of 0.5A-8A; The control drive module (43) continuously adjusts the speed of the adjustable fan (31) using PWM.

Images