A tide level acquisition method and system based on an OWC wave energy conversion device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of tide level acquisition method and system based on OWC wave energy conversion device.The method comprises: constructing energy loss prediction model in air chamber;Obtain the incident wave energy, reflected wave energy, water potential energy increment, kinetic energy increment and aerodynamic output energy of current period;The incident wave energy and reflected wave energy are input into the model to obtain the predicted energy loss;Based on energy conservation relationship formula, solve tide level variation, and calculate current tide level.The system includes energy loss prediction module, wave energy acquisition module, water energy acquisition module, aerodynamic output acquisition module, energy loss calculation module, tidal energy solving module and tide level calculation module, and the above-mentioned method is realized in cooperation with this scheme.No external tide station is needed, and local sea area tide level can be inversed in situ, high frequency and high precision, which is suitable for OWC-breakwater fusion scene, and supports the collaborative operation of port and marine energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine environmental monitoring and marine renewable energy technology, and particularly relates to a method and system for obtaining tide levels based on an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion device. Background Technology

[0002] The integration of oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion devices with port breakwaters is considered a typical "transportation-energy integration" solution for the coordinated development of transportation and energy infrastructure, and has received widespread attention in the industry in recent years. In such integrated structures, accurate tidal level information is not only related to the safety and efficiency of normal port operations such as navigation and berthing, but also directly affects the operation and regulation of the OWC device, the assessment of energy capture efficiency, and the safe operation and maintenance of the structure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for high-precision, high-spatial-matching local tidal level data.

[0003] Currently, tide level information is mainly obtained through the following methods: First, relying on official tide forecast data released by marine or maritime authorities; second, constructing shore-based tide gauge stations with tide gauge wells to measure local tide levels in real time using water level sensors; and third, using signal processing methods, such as low-pass filtering algorithms, to perform spectral analysis on the water surface fluctuation time series and separate low-frequency tidal components to estimate tide levels.

[0004] However, the existing methods for obtaining tide levels still have significant limitations when applied to breakwater-OWC fusion scenarios. First, official tide forecasts have low spatial resolution, and the forecast error is typically between 10 and 30 centimeters, which is insufficient to meet the requirements of fine-grained control by OWC devices. Second, traditional tide gauge stations are mostly located near the shoreline, making them susceptible to interference from the superposition of incident and reflected waves, leading to distorted water level measurements. Furthermore, the filter holes in their tide gauge wells are easily clogged by silt or biological deposits, requiring frequent manual cleaning and resulting in high maintenance costs. In addition, while tide level separation methods based on algorithms such as low-pass filtering can filter out wave disturbances to some extent, they are difficult to completely and effectively extract pure tidal signals when faced with actual sea conditions containing the full-cycle wave spectrum, especially under storm surge or complex wave conditions where accuracy drops significantly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] Therefore, one aspect of this application proposes a method for obtaining tide levels based on an OWC wave energy conversion device, applicable to a practically deployed OWC wave energy conversion device, the method comprising:

[0007] A prediction model for energy loss in an air chamber is constructed, wherein the prediction model takes incident wave energy and reflected wave energy as inputs and energy loss in the air chamber as output;

[0008] Get the current time period energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene Get the current time period Increment of on-site potential energy of water in the gas chamber and the increase in on-site kinetic energy Get the current time period The on-site aerodynamic output energy of airflow doing work on the outside of the chamber ;

[0009] Current period energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene Input the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber to obtain the predicted energy loss. ;

[0010] According to the law of conservation of energy Solving for tidal energy ;

[0011] Based on the tidal energy And the physical relationship between potential energy and water level, to obtain the current time period tidal level change ;

[0012] Based on the start time of the current time period The known tide level, combined with the tidal level change Get the end time of the current time period. The tide level.

[0013] In this embodiment, a prediction model is constructed with incident wave energy and reflected wave energy as inputs and energy loss within the air chamber as output. This model is then combined with real-time acquired incident wave energy, reflected wave energy, water potential energy increment, kinetic energy increment, and aerodynamic output energy. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the tidal energy corresponding to the current time period is calculated. This tidal energy is then converted into tidal level change, and based on the known tidal level at the start of the current time period, the absolute tidal level at the end of the current time period is recursively obtained. This method abandons the traditional model that relies on external independent tide gauge stations or official forecast data. For the first time, it achieves continuous, in-situ inversion of local tidal levels based on the operating status and energy flow of the OWC device itself. This effectively solves the problems of low tidal level data accuracy and high maintenance costs caused by spatial mismatch, insufficient temporal resolution, or susceptibility to wave interference in existing technologies. It provides high spatiotemporal matching and high-precision tidal level information for the OWC-breakwater fusion scenario, significantly improving port operation safety and the precision of OWC device operation control.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the construction of the energy loss prediction model within the air chamber includes:

[0015] Wave tests were conducted in a wave tank, and multiple sets of test data were obtained. Each set of test data includes the energy of the incident wave. Experimental reflected wave energy and test energy loss ;

[0016] Based on multiple sets of experimental data, a model for predicting energy loss in the air chamber was obtained through model training.

[0017] In this embodiment, controlled experiments are conducted in a wave tank to obtain multiple sets of data, including the energy of the incident wave, the energy of the reflected wave, and the energy loss, which are then used to train the model. This approach utilizes a repeatable and calibrable laboratory environment to efficiently establish the mapping relationship between wave energy input and energy dissipation within the wave tank, laying a reliable data and model foundation for accurate prediction of energy loss under complex sea conditions in the field, and ensuring the robustness and engineering practicality of the tide level inversion method.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wave test in the wave tank includes:

[0019] A scale model of the OWC wave energy conversion device is placed in a wave tank.

[0020] Regular waves are generated in a wave tank, the regular waves having a constant wave height and wave period;

[0021] Obtain the test period Model incident wave energy and the energy of the reflected wave from the model Obtain the test period Model potential energy increment of water in the scaled-down model chamber and model kinetic energy increment Obtain the test period The scaled-down model shows the aerodynamic output energy of the airflow inside the chamber doing work on the outside. ;

[0022] According to the law of conservation of energy Obtain the model energy loss ;

[0023] The energy of the incident wave in the model Model reflected wave energy and model energy loss The energy was amplified to the experimental incident wave energy according to the model test specifications. Experimental reflected wave energy and test energy loss ;

[0024] The wave test is performed repeatedly, and each wave test uses regular waves with different wave heights and / or different wave periods.

[0025] It should be noted that the "constant wave height and wave period" does not mean that the wave parameters output by the wave generator are absolutely constant. Rather, it means that during a single experiment, the wave generator is set to operate with a specific target wave height and wave period as control commands. Due to factors such as minor mechanical fluctuations, nonlinear effects of the water body, and measurement noise in actual wave generation systems, the generated regular waves will exhibit some fluctuations on an instantaneous scale. However, as long as the measured wave height and wave period remain stably maintained within a very small allowable deviation range near the target values ​​during the experimental period (e.g., wave height deviation not exceeding ±2%, period deviation not exceeding ±1%), the wave conditions can be considered to meet the "constant" requirement. This "constancy in an engineering sense" is sufficient to ensure good repeatability and identifiability of incident and reflected wave energy, thereby ensuring that the experimental energy loss calculated based on energy conservation has sufficient accuracy and meets the data consistency requirements for model training.

[0026] In this embodiment, a scaled-down OWC model is used in a wave tank, and regular waves with constant wave height and period are applied. Multiple experiments are performed iteratively, adjusting the wave height and / or wave period in each experiment to obtain calibration data covering a wide range of incident and reflected wave energy combinations. This strategy, through systematic testing, generates a rich and diverse training sample set, enabling the constructed energy loss prediction model to fully learn the internal dissipation patterns under different wave energy input conditions. Since the model input directly uses energy units, and the training data originates from physically similar scaled-down experiments, the model's transferability from the laboratory to the field is effectively guaranteed, thereby significantly improving its generalization ability and prediction accuracy in real marine environments facing complex and variable wave spectra.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the start time of the test period... and end time In the scaled model, the water levels in the air chambers are either at the peaks or troughs of the wave; under these conditions, the model's potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment are zero and do not need to be obtained.

[0028] In this embodiment, by limiting the start and end times of the experimental period to correspond to the peak or trough of the water level in the air chamber, the characteristics of zero water column velocity, stable potential energy state, and easy identification from the water level time series at the extreme water level points are fully utilized. Compared to capturing arbitrary water level states between peaks and troughs, this method effectively avoids the dynamic response lag and phase difference between the energy state (especially kinetic energy) and the instantaneous water level caused by water inertia, thereby avoiding the introduction of time synchronization errors when calculating the potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment. Under these conditions, the same water level at the start and end times results in zero net potential energy increment, and zero velocity results in zero kinetic energy increment, which not only simplifies the data processing flow but also significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the experimental energy loss calculation.

[0029] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the step of obtaining the current time period... Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene ,include:

[0030] A first and a second measuring float are deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device along the wave propagation direction. The distance between the first and second measuring floats meets the requirements of the Goda two-point method for the distance between measuring points.

[0031] Time series data of water surface fluctuations are collected synchronously by the first and second measuring floats;

[0032] Based on the water surface wave time series data, the incident wave height and reflected wave height were separated using the Goda two-point method.

[0033] Based on the incident wave height and reflected wave height, combined with local water depth and wave spectrum information, the current time period is calculated. Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene .

[0034] In this embodiment, two measuring buoys that meet the spacing requirements of the Goda two-point method are deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC device to synchronously collect the water surface wave time series. The incident wave height and reflected wave height are separated from the data based on the Goda two-point method, and the corresponding incident wave energy and reflected wave energy are calculated. This scheme provides an engineering-feasible and physically clear on-site wave energy decomposition method, which enables the quantitative acquisition of the incident wave and reflected wave boundary input parameters necessary for the energy conservation equation under actual sea conditions, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent tidal level inversion based on the OWC's own energy flow.

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the step of obtaining the current time period... The potential energy increment of the water in the air chamber and kinetic energy increment ,include:

[0036] Water level gauges installed on the walls of the gas chamber are used to collect real-time time series data on the water level inside the gas chamber relative to the reference surface. ;

[0037] Based on the water level time series, obtain the water level at the start of the current time period. and the water level at the end And based on the formula: The increase in potential energy at the site was calculated. ,in For water density, It is the acceleration due to gravity. This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber.

[0038] Differentiate the water level time series to obtain the water column velocity at the start of the current time period. and the water column velocity at the end And based on the formula: The increase in kinetic energy at the site was calculated. ,in The equivalent oscillatory mass of the water in the air chamber.

[0039] In this embodiment, a water level time series is obtained by a water level gauge installed on the inner wall of the gas chamber, and the potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment of the water body are calculated based on this. This method makes full use of the structural characteristics and sensor configuration of the OWC device itself, transforming the easily measurable physical quantity of water level into a key parameter required for energy analysis, realizing the accurate quantification of the dynamic energy of the water body in the gas chamber, and providing indispensable data support for constructing a complete energy balance equation.

[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the step of obtaining the current time period... The energy of airflow in the chamber doing work on the outside ,include:

[0041] The instantaneous air pressure in the air chamber is simultaneously acquired using a pressure sensor and an air flow meter installed on the turbine of the OWC wave energy conversion device. and instantaneous air volume flow rate ;

[0042] According to the instantaneous air pressure With instantaneous air volume flow rate Calculate the current time period The energy of internal airflow doing work on the outside:

[0043] ,in, This is gauge pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. The air volume flow rate through the turbine.

[0044] In this embodiment, instantaneous air pressure and volumetric flow rate are simultaneously collected by the pressure sensor and air flow meter integrated on the turbine device, and the product of the two is integrated over time to obtain the aerodynamic output energy. This method directly utilizes the inherent monitoring equipment of the OWC power generation system to accurately capture the effective energy of the airflow doing work on the outside, avoiding the need to model complex airflow fields or deploy additional sensors, and ensuring the accuracy and convenience of calculating the dissipation term in the energy balance equation.

[0045] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, based on the tidal energy The physical relationship between potential energy and water level is used to obtain the current tide level, including:

[0046] The tidal energy Considered as the current time period The change in water potential energy caused by tides between the start and end times;

[0047] According to the formula for gravitational potential energy: The solution yields the tidal level change. ,in For water density, It is the acceleration due to gravity. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber.

[0048] In this embodiment, tidal energy is considered as the change in water potential energy caused by tides during the current period, and the corresponding tidal level change is obtained by inversely solving the gravitational potential energy formula. Furthermore, using the bottom surface of the air chamber as a fixed geometric reference surface, combined with its known absolute reference elevation, the obtained water level information is converted into an absolute tidal level elevation relative to the national elevation benchmark. This method successfully achieves a physical mapping from the energy domain to the elevation domain, giving the inversion results clear geographical reference significance. It can directly serve application scenarios with strict requirements for absolute elevation, such as port scheduling and chart updates, significantly enhancing the engineering practical value of this invention.

[0049] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the current time period Duration satisfy:

[0050] 10 < <120s;

[0051] in, The average wave period for this sea area is expressed in seconds.

[0052] In this embodiment of the application, the duration of the current time period is limited. With a time limit greater than 10 times the average wave period and less than 2 minutes, it cleverly balances the reliability of wave energy statistics with the requirement of tidal level temporal resolution; the lower limit ensures the stability of incident / reflected wave energy calculation and effectively filters out the randomness of individual waves; the upper limit ensures that the tidal level changes slowly enough within a short time window, so that the inversion results can reflect the real tidal dynamics and support high-frequency (such as every 1-2 minutes) tidal level updates, meeting the urgent need for high spatiotemporal resolution tidal level data in port precision operations.

[0053] Secondly, a tide level acquisition system based on an OWC wave energy conversion device is provided, applicable to a practically deployed OWC wave energy conversion device. The system includes:

[0054] The energy loss prediction module is used to build an energy loss prediction model for the air chamber;

[0055] The wave energy acquisition module is used to connect to a first measuring buoy and a second measuring buoy deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device along the wave propagation direction; the wave energy acquisition module is configured to acquire the on-site incident wave energy and on-site reflected wave energy for the current time period based on the water surface wave time series data measured by the first measuring buoy and the second measuring buoy.

[0056] A water energy acquisition module is used to connect to a water level gauge installed on the inner wall of the gas chamber; the water energy acquisition module is configured to: acquire the on-site potential energy increment and on-site kinetic energy increment of the water in the gas chamber during the current time period by measuring the water level time series by the water level gauge.

[0057] A pneumatic output acquisition module is used to connect the pressure sensor and air flow meter of the turbine device; the pneumatic output acquisition module is configured to: acquire the on-site pneumatic output energy of the airflow in the air chamber doing work on the outside during the current period based on the instantaneous air pressure and instantaneous air volume flow rate in the air chamber measured by the pressure sensor and air flow meter respectively;

[0058] An energy loss calculation module is connected to the energy loss prediction module and the wave energy acquisition module to receive the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy transmitted by them. The energy loss calculation module is configured to input the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy into the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber to obtain the predicted energy loss.

[0059] The tidal energy solving module is connected to the energy loss calculation module, the wave energy acquisition module, the water energy acquisition module, and the aerodynamic output acquisition module to receive the on-site incident wave energy, on-site reflected wave energy, on-site potential energy increment, on-site kinetic energy increment, and predicted energy loss transmitted by them; the tidal energy solving module is configured to solve for tidal energy according to the energy conservation relationship.

[0060] The tide level calculation module is connected to the tidal energy solving module to receive the tidal energy sent by it; the tide level calculation module is configured to calculate the current tide level based on the physical relationship between the tidal energy and potential energy and the water level.

[0061] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more apparent, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0062] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0063] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device in an embodiment of this application.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wave test conducted using the tidal level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device, as described in this application embodiment. Figure 1 .

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wave test conducted using the tidal level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device, as described in this application embodiment. Figure 2 .

[0066] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the tide level acquisition system based on the OWC wave energy conversion device in an embodiment of this application.

[0067] In the above figures: 100, Energy Loss Prediction Module; 200, Wave Energy Acquisition Module; 300, Water Energy Acquisition Module; 400, Pneumatic Output Acquisition Module; 500, Energy Loss Calculation Module; 600, Tidal Energy Solving Module; 700, Tide Level Calculation Module; 801, First Measuring Float; 802, Second Measuring Float; 900, Water Level Gauge; 1000, Air Pressure Sensor; 1100, Air Flow Meter. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0069] In this application's embodiments, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish different descriptive objects and do not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. Furthermore, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0070] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0071] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system.

[0072] An oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion device is a typical fixed wave energy utilization structure, usually integrated into port breakwaters or coastal structures. Its basic structure includes a chamber with an opening at the bottom, which serves as the inlet and outlet connecting the chamber to the outside sea area; this opening is generally located at the bottom of the chamber facing the direction of incoming waves. An outlet at the top of the chamber, communicating with the atmosphere, houses a turbine that converts the reciprocating alternating airflow into unidirectional rotational mechanical energy to drive a generator.

[0073] When waves act on the sea area in front of the device, seawater periodically flows into or out of the air chamber through the inlet and outlet, causing the free water level in the air chamber to rise and fall, thereby compressing or drawing in the closed air above the air chamber, forming an alternating airflow that flows through the outlet through the turbine device to do work, realizing the conversion of wave energy into electrical energy.

[0074] To enable real-time monitoring and control of the device's operating status, the OWC system is typically equipped with a variety of sensors: water level gauges (such as pressure or ultrasonic water level sensors) are installed on the inner wall of the gas chamber to acquire real-time height changes of the free water surface in the gas chamber relative to the reference surface; air pressure sensors and air flow detection devices (such as differential pressure flow meters or thermal mass flow meters) are integrated at the inlet / outlet of the turbine device to simultaneously collect instantaneous gauge pressure and air volume flow data in the gas chamber.

[0075] The aforementioned structural layout and sensing configuration enable the OWC device to simultaneously acquire key physical quantities such as the water movement state (water level) and airflow dynamic parameters (pressure, flow rate) during the energy conversion process, providing a solid data foundation for constructing a complete energy balance relationship inside the air chamber based on the principle of energy conservation.

[0076] In existing technologies, tidal level information in nearshore areas is mainly obtained through the following three methods:

[0077] First, it relies on official tide forecast data released by marine or maritime authorities. This data is generated based on astronomical tide theory and large-scale numerical models, and is suitable for open sea areas, but it is difficult to reflect local tide level deviations caused by local topography, diffraction of port structures, and meteorological disturbances.

[0078] Second, construct shore-based tide gauge stations with tide gauge wells to isolate wave disturbances through a still water system to obtain high-precision water level records. However, such stations require large investments, have limited site selection, and are usually far from the breakwater front where the OWC device is located, making it impossible to characterize the real tidal boundary conditions at the air chamber inlet affected by wave-structure interaction.

[0079] Third, signal processing methods (such as low-pass filtering, wavelet transform, or empirical mode decomposition) are used to perform spectral analysis on the water surface wave time series to separate low-frequency tidal components to estimate the tide level. However, this method is easily affected by high-frequency energy leakage under strong wave interference, resulting in distorted tidal signal extraction. Furthermore, it does not consider the modulation effect of the OWC device on the wave field itself, making it difficult to achieve coordinated inversion with the energy conversion process.

[0080] The aforementioned methods, due to insufficient spatial representativeness, high cost, or limited signal separation reliability, are all insufficient to meet the urgent needs of the OWC-breakwater integrated system for high spatiotemporal resolution, low cost, and in-situ tidal level monitoring, thus hindering the deep integration of efficient wave energy capture and refined port scheduling.

[0081] To address the above issues, this application provides a method for obtaining tide levels based on an OWC wave energy conversion device, and the application of this OWC wave energy conversion device-based tide level acquisition system on an OWC wave energy conversion device.

[0082] Based on the above application scenarios, this application provides a method for obtaining tide levels based on an OWC wave energy conversion device.

[0083] Figure 1 This embodiment provides an illustrative flowchart of a tide level acquisition method based on an OWC wave energy conversion device. Figure 1 This method is applicable to OWC wave energy conversion devices. The method includes the following steps.

[0084] S1. Construct an energy loss prediction model for the air chamber, wherein the prediction model takes incident wave energy and reflected wave energy as inputs and energy loss in the air chamber as output.

[0085] In one embodiment of this application, constructing the energy loss prediction model within the air chamber includes:

[0086] Wave tests were conducted in a wave tank, and multiple sets of test data were obtained. Each set of test data includes the energy of the incident wave. Experimental reflected wave energy and test energy loss ;

[0087] Based on multiple sets of experimental data, a model for predicting energy loss in the air chamber was obtained through model training.

[0088] It should be noted that in actual marine environments, energy loss in air chambers is affected by a variety of uncontrollable factors such as wave randomness, environmental disturbances, and equipment status, making it impossible to measure directly and lacking accurate ground truth labels for model training. If an attempt is made to build an energy loss prediction model based solely on field data, the model's generalization ability will be poor and the prediction results unreliable due to the ambiguous relationship between input and output and severe noise interference.

[0089] After conducting multiple wave tests in the wave tank, multiple sets of test data were obtained. Each set of test data includes the incident wave energy obtained during that test. , test incident wave energy and test energy loss The three together constitute a training sample.

[0090] After combining multiple sets of training samples into a training dataset, any applicable regression or function approximation method can be used to train the model, such as, but not limited to: linear / nonlinear regression models, support vector machines, decision tree ensemble methods (such as random forests, gradient boosting trees), artificial neural networks, or other machine learning or data-driven modeling techniques.

[0091] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific model type or training algorithm used. As long as a stable mapping relationship between incident wave energy, reflected wave energy, and energy loss can be established based on the experimental data, it can be used to achieve the technical objective of this invention. The model selection can be flexibly determined according to the actual data scale, computing resources, and accuracy requirements. After training, the obtained model serves as the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber. In the field application stage, it receives the measured incident wave energy and reflected wave energy and outputs the corresponding predicted energy loss value, thereby supporting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent tidal level inversion.

[0092] In this embodiment, multiple sets of calibration data containing the energy of the incident wave, the energy of the reflected wave, and the corresponding energy loss are obtained in the wave tank. Based on this dataset, an energy loss prediction model for the air chamber is constructed, which effectively solves the problem that energy loss is difficult to measure directly in the field environment and lacks true value labels. This method uses controllable laboratory conditions to generate high-quality, high signal-to-noise ratio training samples, so that the established prediction model can accurately characterize the physical relationship between wave input and internal dissipation, thereby providing reliable energy dissipation parameter support for achieving high-precision tide level inversion under complex sea conditions in the field.

[0093] See Figure 2 In one embodiment of this application, the wave test in the wave tank includes:

[0094] A scale model of the OWC wave energy conversion device is placed in a wave tank.

[0095] Regular waves are generated in a wave tank, the regular waves having a constant wave height and wave period;

[0096] Obtain the test period Model incident wave energy and the energy of the reflected wave in the model Obtain the test period Model potential energy increment of water in the scaled-down model chamber and model kinetic energy increment Obtain the test period The scaled-down model shows the aerodynamic output energy of the airflow inside the chamber doing work on the outside. ;

[0097] According to the law of conservation of energy Obtain the model energy loss ;

[0098] The energy of the incident wave in the model Model reflected wave energy and model energy loss The energy was amplified to the experimental incident wave energy according to the model test specifications. Experimental reflected wave energy and test energy loss ;

[0099] The wave test is performed repeatedly, and each wave test uses regular waves with different wave heights and / or different wave periods.

[0100] It should be noted that a wave generator is usually installed on one side of the wave tank as the wave generating end. Waves are generated from this side and propagate to the other side. By controlling the motion parameters of the wave generator (such as the amplitude and frequency of the pusher displacement), regular waves with constant wave height and constant wave period can be stably generated.

[0101] A scaled-down model of the OWC wave energy conversion device is placed in a water tank, with its inlet and outlet facing the direction of the incoming wave. Two measuring floats are sequentially placed in front of the scaled-down model along the wave propagation direction. The distance between the two floats and their distance from the inlet and outlet of the scaled-down model both meet the requirements of the Goda two-point method for the measurement point positions. By synchronously acquiring the water surface wave time series recorded by the two floats and applying the Goda two-point method for signal processing, the incident wave height and the reflected wave height of the model can be separated, and the corresponding incident wave energy and reflected wave energy can be further calculated.

[0102] A high-precision water level gauge (such as a pressure-type or ultrasonic water level sensor) is installed on the inner wall of the air chamber of the scaled-down model to continuously record the water level time series of the free water surface in the air chamber relative to the reference surface; based on this series, the model potential energy increment and model kinetic energy increment of the water body during the test period can be calculated.

[0103] In addition, the scaled-down model has an air outlet at the top, and its structure is consistent with the actual OWC device. At the air outlet, a pressure sensor and an air flow detection device (such as a differential pressure flow meter or a thermal mass flow meter) are integrated and installed according to the configuration of the on-site turbine device. By synchronously collecting instantaneous air pressure and air volume flow data, and integrating the product of the two over time, the aerodynamic output energy of the model can be obtained.

[0104] In the wave tank test environment, since tidal processes are not included, the energy exchange within the air chamber only involves incident waves, reflected waves, water mechanical energy, aerodynamic output, and internal dissipation, and does not include tidal-related energy terms. Therefore, the energy conservation equation under test conditions does not need to introduce tidal energy, and thus satisfies the condition. Thus, the model energy loss can be directly calculated from other measurable energy terms. .

[0105] Because wave flume tests use scaled-down OWC models (e.g., a geometric scale of 1:n, such as n=10), the directly measured incident wave energy, reflected wave energy, and aerodynamic output energy are all physical quantities at the model scale (i.e., "model energy"). According to the *Technical Specification for Simulation Tests in Water Transport Engineering* (JTS / T 236—2019) and related fluid mechanics similarity theories, under the premise of satisfying the Froude number similarity criterion, the energy dimension conversion ratio is the fourth power of the geometric scale. This is because wave energy is proportional to the product of the square of the wave height and the wavelength (or characteristic length), and both wave height and wavelength are scaled at 1:n. Furthermore, the wave energy per unit width also needs to consider the depth dimension, resulting in an energy scale of 1:n. .

[0106] Therefore, in this application, all energy data directly obtained from scaled-down model tests (such as the energy of the incident wave in the model) are considered valid. ) needs to be multiplied by Only by scaling up can we obtain the experimental energy corresponding to the full-scale prototype conditions (i.e., calibration data used to train the energy loss prediction model), for example: = ,in This represents the energy of the incident wave after scale correction. This conversion ensures that the model test results are physically consistent with the actual operating conditions of the OWC device in the energy dimension, thus providing accurate and transferable training samples for building an energy loss prediction model suitable for field applications.

[0107] To construct a widely applicable energy loss prediction model for air chambers, multiple rounds of wave experiments need to be performed in a wave tank: First, set a set of parameters for regular waves (including wave height and wave period) and complete one round of data acquisition; then adjust the control parameters of the wave generator to generate another set of regular waves with different parameters, conduct the experiment again, and acquire data; repeat the above process to cover at least 5-10 different combinations of wave height and wave period conditions to ensure that the training data covers low, medium, and high frequencies as well as small, medium, and large wave height ranges.

[0108] In the embodiments of this application, the wave test scheme utilizes the controlled environment of the wave tank without tidal interference to eliminate the coupling influence of low-frequency tidal signals on energy balance analysis; at the same time, by accurately generating regular waves with adjustable wave height and period through a wave generator, stable and repeatable excitation of incident wave energy is achieved.

[0109] Under these conditions, by using a scaled-down OWC model in a controlled water tank environment, and systematically obtaining complete incident wave energy and reflected wave energy, kinetic energy increment and potential energy increment of the water in the air chamber, as well as the aerodynamic output energy of the airflow doing work on the outside under multiple sets of regular wave conditions with different wave heights and / or wave periods, the experimental energy loss is accurately calculated based on the energy conservation relationship without tidal terms.

[0110] Since the scaled-down model's geometry, sensor configuration, and turbine simulation are consistent with the actual OWC device, and the experiment covers multiple typical wave conditions, the obtained energy loss data can effectively reflect the device's dissipation characteristics under real sea conditions, thus providing a reliable calibration basis for constructing a high-fidelity, highly generalizable energy loss prediction model.

[0111] This method establishes a clear mapping relationship between incident wave energy, reflected wave energy and energy loss in the air chamber in principle, providing a reliable, repeatable calibration basis for the energy loss prediction model that covers multiple working conditions, and significantly improving the accuracy of the model in predicting energy loss under complex sea conditions on site.

[0112] See Figure 3 In one embodiment of this application, the start time of the test period is... and end time In the scaled model, the water levels in the air chambers are either at the peaks or troughs of the wave; under these conditions, the model's potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment are zero and do not need to be obtained.

[0113] It should be noted that in wave flume experiments, if the start or end time of the test period is set at any point between the wave crest and trough (i.e., a non-extreme point), the water level at this location is in a rapid rise and fall phase, resulting in a large water column velocity and directional sensitivity. This not only makes it difficult to accurately determine the instantaneous motion state, but more importantly, due to the inertia of the water, the actual kinetic and potential energy responses exhibit a significant dynamic lag relative to the water level signal. In this case, the potential and kinetic energy increments calculated based on the water level and its derivatives cannot accurately reflect the energy changes within the corresponding time period, exhibiting a significant phase deviation. This synchronization error directly impacts the calculation results of the model's energy loss, reducing its accuracy.

[0114] To simplify experimental data processing and improve the accuracy of energy loss calculation, the experimental time period in the wave test is specifically limited to the start and end times corresponding to the extreme positions of the water level in the air chamber, i.e., both being wave crests (highest water level) or wave troughs (lowest water level). In practice, firstly, high-precision water level gauges installed on the inner wall of the air chamber continuously collect data on water level changes over time; then, the water level time series is analyzed to identify the positions of all wave crests and troughs. Since the instantaneous velocity of the water column is zero at wave crests or troughs, and the water level is at a local maximum or minimum, exhibiting clear and stable physical characteristics, it is easy to accurately and reliably identify from the measured signals. Therefore, any two extreme points of the same type (such as the first and fourth wave crests, or the second and sixth wave troughs) can be selected as the start and end points of the experimental time period.

[0115] Under these conditions, the water level is equal at the start and end times, and the water column velocity is zero. Therefore, the increase in both potential and kinetic energy of the water body during this time period is zero. Based on this characteristic, when calculating the model's energy loss, it is unnecessary to obtain or calculate the increase in potential and kinetic energy of the water body, nor is it necessary to differentiate the water level signal to obtain the velocity. Ultimately, the model's energy loss can be directly determined by the energy of the incident wave, the reflected wave, and the aerodynamic output energy through the energy conservation relationship. This significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the calibration data, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent construction of a high-precision energy loss prediction model.

[0116] In this embodiment, the physical characteristics of zero instantaneous velocity of the water column and equal water level at extreme points (peaks or troughs) are fully utilized: when the start and end times of the experimental period are both selected at the same type of extreme point, the potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment of the water in the air chamber during that period are strictly zero. Therefore, there is no need to further calculate intermediate parameters such as velocity, kinetic energy, or potential energy using the water level signal, avoiding the time delay and state asynchrony problems introduced by the parameter conversion process—that is, at any moment between a peak and a trough, although the water level can be measured, the velocity and energy state derived from it lag behind the actual physical process, resulting in a time response error between the calculated results and the actual energy changes. This solution directly avoids such dynamic conversion steps, ensuring that all energy states in the energy balance equation are strictly aligned to the same physical moment, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and physical consistency of the experimental energy loss calculation.

[0117] S2, Get the current time period Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene Get the current time period Increment of on-site potential energy of water in the gas chamber and the increase in on-site kinetic energy Get the current time period The on-site aerodynamic output energy of airflow doing work on the outside of the chamber .

[0118] In one embodiment of this application, the step of obtaining the current time period... energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene ,include:

[0119] A first and a second measuring float are deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device along the wave propagation direction. The distance between the first and second measuring floats meets the requirements of the Goda two-point method for the distance between measuring points.

[0120] Time series data of water surface fluctuations are collected synchronously by the first and second measuring floats;

[0121] Based on the water surface wave time series data, the incident wave height and reflected wave height were separated using the Goda two-point method.

[0122] Based on the incident wave height and reflected wave height, combined with local water depth and wave spectrum information, the current time period is calculated. energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene .

[0123] It should be noted that in actual nearshore waters, the water surface fluctuations in front of the OWC device are a composite wave surface formed by the superposition of the incident wave and the reflected wave reflected back from the structure. The two are highly coupled in the time and frequency domains and are difficult to separate directly. If only a single-point water level measurement is used, it is impossible to distinguish between incident energy and reflected energy, resulting in the energy conservation equation lacking a key boundary input.

[0124] Specifically, in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device, two measuring floats are deployed along the main wave propagation direction, designated as the first measuring float and the second measuring float, respectively. The first measuring float is closer to the OWC device, while the second measuring float is located on its seaward side (i.e., further away from the OWC device and closer to the direction of incoming waves). The line connecting the two floats is aligned with the main wave propagation direction. The horizontal distance between the two floats is pre-designed based on the typical local wavelength to ensure that the distance between measuring points meets the requirements of the Goda two-point method—typically between 1 / 10 and 1 / 4 of the average wavelength of the sea area—to guarantee the stability and accuracy of the wave separation algorithm.

[0125] Both measuring floats are equipped with high-precision water level sensors (such as GNSS buoys, accelerometers, or pressure wave meters) and connected to the same time synchronization system (such as GPS timing or wired synchronization triggering) to ensure that the collected water surface fluctuation time series data are strictly aligned on the time axis; the sampling frequency is usually no less than 5Hz, and the complete water surface elevation time series covering the current period (e.g., 1–2 minutes) is continuously collected.

[0126] The two sets of synchronous water surface wave time series were processed using Goda's two-point method. This method is based on linear wave theory and uses the relationship between the cross-spectral density and self-spectral density of the wave surface signals at the two measuring points to construct the frequency domain transfer function of the incident wave and the reflected wave, thereby separating the incident wave height spectrum and the reflected wave height spectrum corresponding to each frequency component. By integrating the spectrum or taking the dominant frequency component, the equivalent incident wave height and reflected wave height in the current time period can be obtained.

[0127] Based on known parameters such as static water depth, seawater density, and gravitational acceleration at the location of the OWC device, and according to the relationship that wave energy is proportional to the square of wave height, the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy at the current time period are calculated respectively.

[0128] In this embodiment, two measuring floats meeting the spacing requirements of the Goda two-point method are deployed along the wave propagation direction in the sea area in front of the OWC device. Time series of surface waves are simultaneously collected, and the Goda two-point method is used to effectively separate the incident and reflected wave components from the superimposed wave surface, thereby calculating their respective energy values. This method does not rely on complex wave arrays or multi-point reconstruction; only two measuring points are needed to quantitatively obtain the incident and reflected wave energy on-site. Since the Goda two-point method is based on mature linear wave theory, and the measuring point arrangement matches the OWC structure location, the obtained energy data accurately reflects the actual wave excitation and reflection response experienced by the device. This provides a physically consistent and real-time updatable boundary input for the energy conservation equation, thus laying a reliable data foundation for subsequent tidal level inversion based on the OWC's own energy flow.

[0129] In one embodiment of this application, the step of obtaining the current time period... The potential energy increment of the water in the air chamber and kinetic energy increment ,include:

[0130] Water level gauges installed on the walls of the gas chamber are used to collect real-time time series data on the water level inside the gas chamber relative to the reference surface. ;

[0131] Based on the water level time series, obtain the water level at the start of the current time period. and the water level at the end And based on the formula: The increase in potential energy at the site was calculated. ,in For water density, It is the acceleration due to gravity. This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber.

[0132] Differentiate the water level time series to obtain the water column velocity at the start of the current time period. and the water column velocity at the end And based on the formula: The increase in kinetic energy at the site was calculated. ,in The equivalent oscillatory mass of the water in the air chamber.

[0133] It should be noted that during the operation of the OWC device, the potential energy and kinetic energy of the water in the gas chamber are key dynamic terms in the energy conservation equation, and their changes directly affect the accuracy of the tidal energy solution.

[0134] In this embodiment, precise quantification of the mechanical energy changes of the water within the air chamber is achieved: by directly installing a water level gauge on the inner wall of the air chamber, a continuous water level time series relative to a reference surface is acquired in real time. This water level signal completely reflects the instantaneous position and motion state of the water column. Based on this, the potential energy increment can be determined by the square difference of the water level at the start and end times (since potential energy is proportional to the square of the water level height), and the kinetic energy increment can be determined by the square difference of the water column velocity at the start and end times (and velocity can be obtained from the rate of change of water level with respect to time). Since the water level is a directly measurable quantity, and parameters such as the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber and the water density are known constants, the calculated potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment have a clear physical basis and high time synchronization. This method fully utilizes the structural features of the OWC device itself, transforming the easily measurable water level signal into the mechanical energy term required by the energy conservation equation without adding complex external sensors, thereby ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the on-site energy balance analysis and providing key support for the reliable solution of tidal energy.

[0135] In one embodiment of this application, the step of obtaining the current time period... The energy of airflow in the chamber doing work on the outside ,include:

[0136] The instantaneous air pressure in the air chamber is simultaneously acquired using a pressure sensor and an air flow meter installed on the turbine of the OWC wave energy conversion device. and instantaneous air volume flow rate ;

[0137] According to the instantaneous air pressure With instantaneous air volume flow rate Calculate the current time period The energy of internal airflow doing work on the outside:

[0138] ,in, This is gauge pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. The air volume flow rate through the turbine.

[0139] It should be noted that during the operation of the OWC wave energy conversion device, the aerodynamic energy output by the airflow doing work on the outside through the turbine is an indispensable dissipation term in the energy conservation equation.

[0140] In this embodiment, the accurate quantification of the work done by the airflow inside the turbine is achieved. Since the instantaneous power of the airflow during turbine operation is equal to the product of the gauge pressure within the turbine relative to atmospheric pressure and the air volumetric flow rate, the time series of these two key physical quantities can be obtained in real time by simultaneously deploying pressure sensors and airflow detection devices on the turbine's inlet or outlet pipes. Based on this, the instantaneous aerodynamic power is obtained by multiplying the pressure and flow rate at each moment, and by integrating all instantaneous power over the current time period, the total work done by the airflow during that time period, i.e., the on-site aerodynamic output energy, can be rigorously calculated. This method is directly based on the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, without relying on turbine efficiency assumptions or generator electrical parameters, avoiding indirect errors introduced by mechanical losses, electrical conversion losses, or control strategies. This ensures the physical authenticity and measurement accuracy of the aerodynamic output term in the energy conservation equation, providing solid support for the reliable solution of tidal energy.

[0141] S3, Current Time Period Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene Input the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber to obtain the predicted energy loss. .

[0142] It should be noted that in actual marine environments, the energy loss in the gas chamber of the OWC device is affected by a variety of complex factors such as structural friction, turbulent dissipation, acoustic radiation, and non-ideal turbine characteristics. It cannot be directly and accurately calculated by theoretical formulas, nor can it be measured in real time by sensors.

[0143] In this embodiment, the problems of unmeasurable and difficult-to-model on-site energy loss are solved: by using the measured on-site incident wave energy and on-site reflected wave energy of the current time period as inputs, and feeding them into a pre-calibrated energy loss prediction model in a gas chamber under controlled experimental conditions, the predicted energy loss value matching the current wave excitation state can be output in real time. Since this model has established a physical mapping relationship between incident / reflected wave energy and internal dissipation through multiple sets of high-fidelity experimental data in a wave tank, its prediction results can effectively reflect the comprehensive energy loss of the device under real sea conditions caused by factors such as structure, fluid, and tunneling. Therefore, without the need for additional sensors or complex mechanism modeling, dynamic compensation for key dissipation terms in the energy conservation equation is achieved, significantly improving the accuracy of tidal energy solutions, thus providing a reliable physical basis for high-precision tidal level inversion.

[0144] S4. According to the law of conservation of energy Solving for tidal energy .

[0145] It should be noted that during the operation of the OWC device, the tidal energy corresponding to the slow water level changes caused by tides cannot be directly measured, and its signal is superimposed on high-frequency wave disturbances, making it difficult to accurately separate using traditional water level filtering methods.

[0146] Energy conservation equation The physical meaning is: in the current time period Inside, the net wave energy entering the air chamber (incident wave energy minus reflected wave energy) and the additional potential energy input caused by tides (i.e., tidal energy) The sum of these values ​​equals the mechanical energy (potential energy increment) gained by the water within the air chamber. With kinetic energy increment ), the energy output by the airflow through the turbine ( ) and the energy dissipated within the system due to factors such as friction and turbulence ( The sum of ) . This formula fully describes the energy balance of the OWC air cell under the coupling effect of tide and wave, in which tidal energy, as a low-frequency slowly varying term, is explicitly included in the energy equation, and can be obtained by inverse solving through the other measurable or predictable terms.

[0147] In this embodiment, explicit decoupling and quantitative solution of tidal energy are achieved: by constructing a complete energy conservation equation including the tidal energy term, the tidal effect originally implied in the low-frequency changes in water level is transformed into a calculable energy variable; given the known incident wave energy, reflected wave energy, water potential energy increment, kinetic energy increment, aerodynamic output energy, and predicted energy loss, this equation forms a closed physical equation, making tidal energy the only term to be solved. Since all other energy terms are obtained based on actual measurements or high-precision models, the solved tidal energy has clear physical meaning and high reliability, thus providing a solid energy-water level mapping foundation for its subsequent conversion into absolute tide level, fundamentally solving the technical problem of traditional methods failing to accurately separate tidal signals from strong wave interference.

[0148] S5, Based on the tidal energy And the physical relationship between potential energy and water level, to obtain the current time period. tidal level change .

[0149] In one embodiment of this application, based on the tidal energy The physical relationship between potential energy and water level is used to obtain the current tide level, including:

[0150] The tidal energy Considered as the current time period The change in water potential energy caused by tides between the start and end times;

[0151] According to the formula for gravitational potential energy: The solution yields the tidal level change. ,in For water density, It is the acceleration due to gravity. This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber.

[0152] It should be noted that even if the tidal energy is successfully solved through the energy conservation relationship, this energy is still an abstract physical quantity and cannot be directly used in practical application scenarios such as port scheduling, chart updates, or flood warnings. These scenarios all require the output of absolute tidal elevation with clear geographical significance (such as a value relative to the Yellow Sea elevation datum).

[0153] In this embodiment, the calculated tidal energy is considered as the change in water potential energy caused by tides during the current time period. Based on the physical relationship between gravitational potential energy and water level, and combined with water density, gravitational acceleration, and air chamber cross-sectional area, the corresponding tidal level change for that time period is derived. This tidal level change reflects the net rise and fall of the water surface between the start and end times, providing a key physical input for subsequent recursive calculation of the current tidal level based on the initial tidal level, thus achieving an accurate conversion from the energy domain to the water level change.

[0154] S6. Based on the start time of the current time period The known tide level, combined with the tidal level change Get the end time of the current time period. The tide level.

[0155] It should be noted that the tide level acquisition adopts a continuous recursive mechanism. The system is usually started during a period of calm winds and waves, specifically when the measured significant wave height is consistently below 0.4 meters, indicating that the wave disturbance to the water level is negligible, making it suitable for initial tide level calibration. Within this start-up window, the system does not rely on real-time measurements but instead selects the forecast data from the tide forecast products issued by the marine authorities or authoritative institutions whose release time is closest to the current start time, and extracts the tide level value corresponding to the current start time from that forecast as the initial tide level (i.e., the tide level at the start of the first analysis period).

[0156] Subsequently, at the end of each analysis period (e.g., every 1 to 2 minutes), the system calculates the tidal energy for that period based on the energy conservation principle and converts it into tidal level change. This tidal level change is then superimposed on the known tidal level at the start of the current period to obtain the tidal level at the end of that period. This result is then used as the starting tidal level for the next analysis period, superimposed on the newly calculated tidal level change, thereby recursively obtaining the tidal levels for subsequent periods. Through this continuous update mechanism of "starting tidal level + tidal level change → new tidal level," the system only requires one initialization to achieve long-term, self-sustaining, high-frequency reconstruction of local tidal level sequences, avoiding continuous dependence on external tide gauges while ensuring the continuity and engineering practicality of tidal level data.

[0157] In one embodiment of this application, the current time period Duration satisfy:

[0158] 10 < <120s;

[0159] in, The average wave period for this sea area is expressed in seconds.

[0160] It should be noted that when performing tide level inversion based on the OWC device, the duration of the current period is... The selection of [aspect name] directly affects the accuracy and practicality of the inversion results: if [aspect name] is selected... If the wave length is too short (e.g., less than several wave cycles), the statistical values ​​of the incident and reflected wave energy are greatly affected by the randomness of a single wave, resulting in drastic and unreliable fluctuations in the energy input; while if... If the duration is too long (e.g., more than several minutes), the water level change caused by the tide can no longer be regarded as a gradual process within that period. The corresponding tidal energy will be "averaged" or distorted, making it difficult to reflect the true tidal dynamics and failing to meet the port's demand for high temporal resolution tidal data for refined scheduling.

[0161] In this embodiment, an optimal balance is achieved between the statistical reliability of wave energy and the dynamic resolution of tides: by adjusting the duration of the current time period... The wave period is limited to 10 times the average wave period of the sea area, ensuring that the calculation of incident and reflected wave energy covers a sufficient number of complete wave cycles, effectively suppressing the random fluctuations of individual waves, and giving the wave energy input good statistical stability; at the same time, The time window is limited to less than 2 minutes, ensuring that the water level changes caused by tides are slow enough to be approximated as a quasi-static process. This guarantees that the retrieved tidal energy accurately corresponds to the true tidal level at the center of that time period. This dual constraint, in its physical essence, takes into account both the statistical characteristics of high-frequency waves and the slow-changing characteristics of low-frequency tides. It avoids energy noise interference caused by an excessively short window and prevents dynamic ambiguity of the tidal level caused by an excessively long window. Thus, while ensuring inversion accuracy, it supports updating high spatiotemporal resolution absolute tidal level data every 1 to 2 minutes, meeting the dual requirements of real-time performance and accuracy in scenarios such as port operations and disaster prevention and early warning.

[0162] Although the wave tank test environment is under controlled conditions and does not involve real tides, the duration of the test can still be referenced to the specified time limit when conducting calibration tests for building an energy loss prediction model. The timeframe was set to a period greater than 10 times the period of the regular wave and less than 2 minutes as the data analysis period for a single experiment. This setting ensures, on the one hand, that the incident and reflected wave energies have sufficient statistical representativeness in the experimental data processing, avoiding energy calculation deviations caused by truncating excessively short wave trains; on the other hand, it keeps the experimental conditions consistent with actual field applications in terms of time scale, thereby improving the model's transferability and applicability from the laboratory to the field. This unified time constraint effectively enhances the consistency of energy analysis logic between experimental calibration and field inversion, providing more reliable support for the engineering deployment of the model.

[0163] See Figure 4This application also provides a tide level acquisition system based on an OWC wave energy conversion device, which is applied to the tide level acquisition method based on an OWC wave energy conversion device in the first aspect of this application.

[0164] A tide level acquisition system based on the OWC wave energy conversion device includes:

[0165] The energy loss prediction module 100 is used to construct an energy loss prediction model for the air chamber. The model takes incident wave energy and reflected wave energy as input features and outputs the predicted energy loss value for the corresponding time period.

[0166] The wave energy acquisition module 200 is connected to a first measuring float 801 and a second measuring float 802 deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device along the wave propagation direction. The wave energy acquisition module 200 calls the Goda two-point method signal processing program to separate the incident wave height and the reflected wave height from the superimposed wave surface. Combined with the local static water depth, seawater density and gravitational acceleration, the module calculates the on-site incident wave energy and on-site reflected wave energy for the current time period according to the wave energy theory formula.

[0167] The water energy acquisition module 300 is connected to the water level gauge 900 installed in the inner wall of the air chamber to continuously acquire the water level time series. The water energy acquisition module 300 calculates the potential energy increment (determined by the water level height at the start and end times) and kinetic energy increment (determined by the water column velocity at the start and end times, which is obtained by numerical differentiation of the water level series) of the water body in the current time period based on the water level time series and geometric parameters such as the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber.

[0168] The pneumatic output acquisition module 400 is connected to the pressure sensor 1000 and the air flow meter 1100 of the turbine device, and synchronously collects instantaneous gauge pressure and volumetric flow rate data; the pneumatic output acquisition module 400 integrates the product between the collected instantaneous gauge pressure and volumetric flow rate data over the current time period to obtain the on-site pneumatic output energy of the airflow doing work on the outside.

[0169] The energy loss calculation module 500 is connected to the energy loss prediction module 100 and the wave energy acquisition module 200 to receive the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy transmitted by the module. The energy loss calculation module 500 receives the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy of the current time period from the wave energy acquisition module 200 and sends them as input to the prediction model loaded in the energy loss prediction module 100, and outputs the corresponding predicted energy loss value.

[0170] The tidal energy calculation module 600 is connected to the energy loss calculation module 500, the wave energy acquisition module 200, the water energy acquisition module 300, and the aerodynamic output acquisition module 400 to receive the incident wave energy, reflected wave energy, potential energy increment, kinetic energy increment, and predicted energy loss transmitted by these modules. The tidal energy calculation module 600 collects all energy terms, substitutes them into the energy conservation equation, and solves for the unique unknown: tidal energy.

[0171] The tide level calculation module 700 is connected to the tidal energy solving module 600 to receive the tidal energy sent by it. The tide level calculation module 700 calculates the offset of the water surface relative to the still water level based on the physical equivalent relationship between tidal energy and gravitational potential energy. Then, it calculates the absolute elevation value of the current tide level relative to the national elevation datum (such as the 1985 National Elevation Datum) by taking the bottom surface of the air chamber as a fixed reference surface (the absolute elevation of which has been determined by surveying and entered into the system during the construction of the device). The result is then uploaded to the port dispatch center, marine monitoring platform or local display terminal in real time through wired or wireless communication interface.

[0172] The entire system executes the above process in a loop at set time intervals (such as every 1–2 minutes) to achieve in-situ, high-frequency, and high-precision continuous inversion of the tide level in the local sea area where the OWC device is located. It does not rely on external tide gauge stations and effectively supports the safe operation of ports and the efficient coordinated operation of wave energy.

[0173] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules, units, and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0174] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining tide level based on an OWC wave energy conversion device, characterized in that, The method, applied to an OWC wave energy conversion device in actual deployment, includes: A prediction model for energy loss in an air chamber is constructed, wherein the prediction model takes incident wave energy and reflected wave energy as inputs and energy loss in the air chamber as output; Get the current time period Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene Get the current time period Increment of on-site potential energy of water in the gas chamber and the increase in on-site kinetic energy Get the current time period The on-site aerodynamic output energy of airflow doing work on the outside of the chamber ; Current period Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene Input the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber to obtain the predicted energy loss. ; According to the law of conservation of energy Solving for tidal energy ; Based on the tidal energy And the physical relationship between potential energy and water level, to obtain the current time period. tidal level change ; Based on the start time of the current time period The known tide level, combined with the tidal level change Get the end time of the current time period. The tide level.

2. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber includes: Wave tests were conducted in a wave tank, and multiple sets of test data were obtained. Each set of test data includes the energy of the incident wave. Experimental reflected wave energy and test energy loss ; Based on multiple sets of experimental data, a model for predicting energy loss in the air chamber was obtained through model training.

3. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wave test in the wave tank includes: A scale model of the OWC wave energy conversion device is placed in a wave tank. Regular waves are generated in a wave tank, the regular waves having a constant wave height and wave period; Obtain the test period Model incident wave energy and the energy of the reflected wave from the model Obtain the test period Model potential energy increment of water in the scaled-down model chamber and model kinetic energy increment Obtain the test period The scaled-down model shows the aerodynamic output energy of the airflow inside the chamber doing work on the outside. ; According to the law of conservation of energy Obtain the model energy loss ; The energy of the incident wave in the model Model reflected wave energy and model energy loss The energy was amplified to the experimental incident wave energy according to the model test specifications. Experimental reflected wave energy and test energy loss ; The wave test is performed repeatedly, and each wave test uses regular waves with different wave heights and / or different wave periods.

4. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The start time of the test period and end time In the scaled model, the water levels in the air chambers are either at the peaks or troughs of the wave; under these conditions, the model's potential energy increment and kinetic energy increment are zero and do not need to be obtained.

5. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current time period is obtained Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene ,include: A first and a second measuring float are deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device along the wave propagation direction. The distance between the first and second measuring floats meets the requirements of the Goda two-point method for the distance between measuring points. Time series data of water surface fluctuations are collected synchronously by the first and second measuring floats; Based on the water surface wave time series data, the incident wave height and reflected wave height were separated using the Goda two-point method. Based on the incident wave height and reflected wave height, combined with local water depth and wave spectrum information, the current time period is calculated. Energy of incident wave at the scene and the energy of reflected waves at the scene .

6. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current time period is obtained The potential energy increment of the water in the air chamber and kinetic energy increment ,include: Water level gauges installed on the walls of the gas chamber are used to collect real-time time series data on the water level inside the gas chamber relative to the reference surface. ; Based on the water level time series, obtain the water level at the start of the current time period. and the water level at the end And based on the formula: The increase in potential energy at the site was calculated. ,in For water density, It is the acceleration due to gravity. This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber. Differentiate the water level time series to obtain the water column velocity at the start of the current time period. and the water column velocity at the end And based on the formula: The increase in kinetic energy at the site was calculated. ,in The equivalent oscillatory mass of the water in the air chamber.

7. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current time period is obtained The energy of airflow in the chamber doing work on the outside ,include: The instantaneous air pressure in the air chamber is simultaneously acquired using a pressure sensor and an air flow meter installed on the turbine of the OWC wave energy conversion device. and instantaneous air volume flow rate ; According to the instantaneous air pressure With instantaneous air volume flow rate Calculate the current time period The energy of internal airflow doing work on the outside: ,in, This is gauge pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. The air volume flow rate through the turbine.

8. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the tidal energy The physical relationship between potential energy and water level is used to obtain the current tide level, including: The tidal energy Considered as the current time period The change in water potential energy caused by tides between the start and end times; According to the formula for gravitational potential energy: The solution yields the tidal level change. ,in For water density, It is the acceleration due to gravity. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber.

9. The tide level acquisition method based on the OWC wave energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current time period Duration satisfy: 10 ＜ ＜120s； in, The average wave period for this sea area is expressed in seconds.

10. A tide level acquisition system based on an OWC wave energy conversion device, characterized in that, The OWC wave energy conversion device, applied in actual deployment, includes: The energy loss prediction module is used to build an energy loss prediction model for the air chamber; The wave energy acquisition module is used to connect to a first measuring buoy and a second measuring buoy deployed in the sea area in front of the OWC wave energy conversion device along the wave propagation direction; the wave energy acquisition module is configured to acquire the on-site incident wave energy and on-site reflected wave energy for the current time period based on the water surface wave time series data measured by the first measuring buoy and the second measuring buoy. A water energy acquisition module is used to connect to a water level gauge installed on the inner wall of the gas chamber; the water energy acquisition module is configured to: acquire the on-site potential energy increment and on-site kinetic energy increment of the water in the gas chamber during the current time period by measuring the water level time series by the water level gauge. The pneumatic output acquisition module is used to connect the air pressure sensor and air flow meter of the turbine device on the OWC wave energy conversion device; the pneumatic output acquisition module is configured to: acquire the on-site pneumatic output energy of the airflow in the air chamber doing work on the outside at the current time period based on the instantaneous air pressure and instantaneous air volume flow rate in the air chamber measured by the air pressure sensor and the air flow meter respectively. An energy loss calculation module is connected to the energy loss prediction module and the wave energy acquisition module to receive the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy transmitted by them. The energy loss calculation module is configured to input the incident wave energy and reflected wave energy into the energy loss prediction model in the air chamber to obtain the predicted energy loss. The tidal energy solution module is connected to the energy loss calculation module, the wave energy acquisition module, the water energy acquisition module, and the aerodynamic output acquisition module to receive the on-site incident wave energy, on-site reflected wave energy, on-site potential energy increment, on-site kinetic energy increment, and predicted energy loss transmitted by them; the tidal energy solution module is configured to solve for tidal energy according to the energy conservation relationship. The tide level calculation module is connected to the tidal energy solving module to receive the tidal energy sent by it; the tide level calculation module is configured to calculate the current tide level based on the physical relationship between the tidal energy and potential energy and the water level.

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